HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION 18TH CENTURY

300BC TO 180AD • The mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection were

HIPPOCRATES used to provide accurate diagnosis to understand the
• He is the father of medicine. insides of the body.
• The triad of regimen is known in treating diseases and 19th CENTURY TO 20th CENTURY
infections. • There are machines that are used for diagnosis or
▪ Drugs therapeutics.
▪ Surgery • JOHN HUTCHINSON
▪ Blood Transfusion ▪ He invented the spirometer for measuring the vital
GALEN capacity of the lungs.
• He is a greek physician and philosopher. • JULES HERRISON
• He measured the body fluids (four humors). ▪ He invented the sphygmomanometer for measuring
▪ BLOOD blood pressure.
o Hemoglobin Rich in Proteins • 1666 OR LATE 17TH CENTURY
o River of Life ▪ The first practical microscope was devised by
▪ YELLOW BILE Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.
o Residue (Bilirubin) o It was a developed medical purpose due to
▪ BLACK BILE advances in lenses and lower costs.
o Platelets • RENE LAENNEC (1816)
o Clotting Factors ▪ He invented the stethoscope which is the first
▪ PHLEGM diagnostic medical breakthrough used to acquire
o Clear Plasma information about the lungs and heartbeats.
• DIABETES • HERMAN VON HELMHOLZ (1850)
▪ It is also known as the diarrhea of urine. ▪ He invented the ophthalmoscope which is the first
• POLYURIA visual technology.
▪ It refers to the excessive amount of urine. • MANUEL GARCIA (1855)
• OLIGURIA ▪ He devised the laryngoscope using two mirrors to
▪ It refers to the low amount of urine. observe the throat and the larynx.
• ANURIA • WILHELM ROENTGEN
▪ It refers to the absence of urine. ▪ He invented the x-ray to allow physicians to view the
• NOCTURIA insides of the body without surgery.
▪ It refers to the excessive amount of urine during the o It is used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy
night time. (inflammation of the pleural cavity caused by
• NORMAL COLOR OF URINE viral infection), and tuberculosis.
▪ It is usually from pale yellow to yellow. • WILLIAM EINTHOVEN (1903)
• 2000ML ▪ He developed the electrocardiograph to measure
▪ It is the standard or average amount of urine per electrical changes during the beating of the heart.
day. • ELIZABETH KENNY (1910)
• UROSCOPY OR WATER CASTING ▪ The kenny method served as the pioneering work
▪ It is widely used in medieval Europe for diagnosis. form modern physical therapy.
ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK o She devised it for the treatment of polio
• He is the father of microbiology and microscopy. (infantile paralysis) using hot packs and muscle
• He first discovered the red blood cells. manipulation.
▪ Routine Laboratory Procedure o It prompted the invention of a new stretcher
▪ Blood: Complete Blood Count called sylvia stretcher in 1927 which is
▪ Urine: Urinalysis intended for transporting patients in shock.
▪ Fecal: Fecalysis • PHILIP DRINKER (1927)
900AD ▪ He invented the drinker respirator to help patients
• DE URNIS with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal
▪ The first book detailing the characteristics of urine. respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator.
o Color • JOHN GIBBON (1939)
o Density ▪ He invented the first visual technology which is the
o Quality heart-lung machine.
11th CENTURY • 1941
• The medical practitioners were not allows to conduct ▪ The cardiac catheterization and angiography first
physical examination of the patient’s body. operated by Forsmann in 1929.
 o It was first developed by Moniz, Reboul, and • 1611
Rousthoi between 1930 and 1940. ▪ The Dominicans founded the University of Santo
o It was discovered safe for humans by Tomas in which in 1871 established the first
Cournand. faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine.
o It was made for seeing the heart, lung vessels, ▪ The Journals of Science and Medicine were also
and valves possible through inserting a published including the Boletin de Medicina de
cannula in an arm vein and into the heart with Manila (1886), the Revista Farmaceutica de
an injection of radiopaque dye for x-ray Filipinas (1893), and Cornicas de Ciencias Medicas
visualization. (1895).
• The electron microscope gave way to the visualization of • 1876
small cells including tumor cells. ▪ The provincial medical officers were appointed to
▪ The adaptation of computers in medical researchers provide health care services throughout the country.
led to the development of tomography and magnetic • 1883
resonance imaging (MRI). ▪ The Board of Health and Charity was established
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN UNITED STATES and was expanded in 1886.
• 1895 • 1887
▪ The University of Pennsylvania’s William Pepper ▪ The Laboratorio Municipal de Manila was
Laboratory of Clinical Medicine was opened to established by the Spanish Authorities for laboratory
highlight the service role of clinical laboratories. examinations of Food, Water, and Clinical Samples
• 1918 headed by General Antonio Luna as chemical
▪ John Kolmer called for the development of a method expert in this laboratory.
that would certify Medical Technologist on a 19TH CENTURY
National Scale. • The Spaniards, who were considered to be authorities in
▪ He published the Demand for Training of Laboratory Medicine, started exploring the microbial causes of
Technicians. diseases.
• 1920 • 1898
▪ The administrative units of clinical laboratories in ▪ The Spanish Military Hospital was converted into
large hospitals were directed by a Chief Physician. the First Reserve Hospital by Lieutenant Colonel
▪ The clinical laboratories are divided into four to five Henry Lipincott who was the Pacific and Eight Army
divisions including Clinical Pathology, Bacteriology, Corps.
Microbiology, Serology, and Radiology. • 1901
• 1922 ▪ The United States Government, through the
▪ The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Philippine Commission, established a Bureau of
was founded with the objective of encouraging the Government Laboratories under the Philippine
cooperation between physicians and clinical Commission Act No. 156.
pathologists. • 1905
• 1950 ▪ The Bureau of Science was established for medical
▪ The Medical Technologists in the United States officers who sought a career in laboratory research.
sought professional recognition from the • 1914
government of their educational qualifications ▪ The Bureau worked with the Army Board for the
through licensure laws. study of the tropical diseases until the latter was
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES disbanded.
• 1565 • 1915
▪ The Hospital Real in Cebu was moved to Manila to ▪ The Board of Health established by the Americans
cater military patients. was changed into the Bureau of Health and was
• 1578 reorganized into the Philippine Health Service but
▪ The Franciscans built the San Lazaro Hospital for later on reverted to the Bureau of Health by 1933.
the poor and lepers. • 1927
• 1596 ▪ The University of the Philippines’ College of Public
▪ The Hospital de San Juan de Dios was founded for Health (UPCPH) formally opened its Certificate in
the poor spaniards. Health Program in June 1927 with the aim to
• 1641 provide proper training to the Philippine Health
▪ The Hospital de San Jose was founded in GMA Services Medical Officers.
Cavite. • DECEMBER 8, 1941
▪ Japan attacked the whole of Manila through aerial
assault and deployment of troops just ten hours
after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
• JUNE 18, 1942 • 1961
▪ The third medical laboratory was the first laboratory ▪ Medical Technology was recognized as an official
unit to be assigned in the South West Pacific Area program in University of Santo Tomas.
(SWPA). INVENTIONS & INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL
• 1944 LABORATORY
▪ United States forces landed in Leyte, the • 1600 or LATE 17TH CENTURY
laboratories including the 3rd, 5th, 8th, and the 19th ▪ Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (Father of Microbiology)
medical laboratory were relocated to the West is known for his work on the improvement of the
Pacific Area. microscope.
o The 26th and 27th medical laboratories were • 1796
also added on this list. ▪ Edward Jenner discovered vaccination to establish
o The 363rd Medical Composite Detachment immunity to small pox.
were also added on this list. o The impact of his contribution is immunology.
▪ The 19th Medical General Laboratory, 3rd Medical • 1880
Laboratory, and the 363rd Medical Composite ▪ Marie Francois Xavier Bichat identified organs by
Detachment operated in Leyte. types of tissues.
▪ The 26th Medical Laboratory operated in Tacloban o The impact of his contribution is histology.
and the 27th Medical Laboratory operated in • 1835
Lingayen Gulf. ▪ Agostino Bassi produced disease in worms through
▪ The First Clinical Laboratory in the Philippines (also injection of organic material which lead to the
known as the 26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th beginning of bacteriology.
United States Army) is now known as Manila Public • 1857
Health Laboratory and is located at 208 Quiricada ▪ Louis Pasteur successfully produced immunity to
Street Sta. Cruz, Manila. rabies.
• JUNE 1945 • 1866
▪ The United States Army left and the laboratory was ▪ Gregor Mendel enunciated his Law of Inherited
endorsed to the National Department of Health and Characteristics from studies on plants.
was non-operational unit until it was re-opened in • 1870
October of the same year by Dr. Pio de Roda with ▪ Jasper Lister demonstrated that surgical infections
the help of Manila City Health Officer, Dr. Mariano are caused by airborne organisms.
Icasiano. • 1877
o Dr. Pio de Roda along with Dr. Prudencia Sta. ▪ Robert Koch presented the first pictures of Bacilli
Ana, they conducted a training program for (Anthrax) and later Tubercle Bacilli (Mycorium
aspiring laboratory workers. Tuberculosis).
• 1954 • ERNEST VON BERGMANN
▪ The training program ended when the Bureau of ▪ He introduced the Steam Sterilization in surgery.
Private Education approved a four-year course in • 1902
Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. ▪ Karl Landsteiner distinguished blood groups through
▪ Manila Sanitarium Hospital (MSH) opened the first the development of the ABO Blood Group System.
school of Medical Technology in the Philippines
• 1906
under the leadership of Mrs. Willa Hedrick, wife of
▪ Von Wassermann developed immunologic test for
Dr. Elvin Hedrick in partnership with Antoinette
Syphilis.
Mckelvey.
• HOWARD RICKETTS
▪ Philippine Union College (PUC) in Baesa, Caloocan
▪ He discovered microorganisms whose range lies
City (Adventist University of the Philippines now)
between bacteria and viruses called Rickettsiae.
absorbed Manila Sanitarium Hospital’s school of
• 1929
Medical Technology.
▪ Hans Fischer worked out the structure of
• DR. JESSE UMALI
hemoglobin (heme + iron).
▪ The first graduate of Medical Technology Program.
• 1954
▪ A graduate of Doctor of Medicine at the Far Eastern
▪ Jonas Salk developed the Poliomyelitis Vaccine.
University (FEU) and became a successful OB-
• 1973
Gynecologist in the United States.
▪ James Westguard introduced the Westguard Rules
• 1957
for Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory.
▪ University if Santo Tomas initially offered the
• 1980
Medical Technology course as an elective for
▪ Baruch Samuel Blumberg introduced the Hepatitis B
pharmacy students.
Vaccine.
• 1985
▪ Kary Mullis developed the Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR) that is used to amplify the
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).
• 1992
▪ Andre Van Steirteghem introduced the
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF).
• 1998
▪ James Thomson derived the first stem cell line.