Reflection of Light

Grade 10 Physics
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1 define what reflection is;

2 explain the properties of reflection;

differentiate the images produced in a plane,
3 concave, and convex mirror;

4 solve problems involving mirror equation; and

5 appreciate the importance of reflection.

ENGAGE
 ENGAGE

Why do you think the word “AMBULANCE” is written in reverse as

shown in the picture?
ENGAGE

How do you see yourself on a mirror?

EXPLORE
 Now, let’s investigate the
EXPLORE behavior of light as it
bounces off a surface
using the Interactive.

Interactive
 “Law of Reflection”

EXPLORE Trial
1
Angle of Laser Pointer
30o
Angle of Reflection

2 40o
3 45o
4 50o
5 20o
EXPLAIN
 Data for Explore Activity
“Law of Reflection”
EXPLAIN Trial
1
Angle of Laser Pointer
30o
Angle of Reflection
30o
2 40o 40o
3 45o 45o
4 50o 50o
5 20o 20o
EXPLAIN Answers to Guide Questions
for Explore Activity
“Law of Reflection”
EXPLAIN What did you observe on the
angle of incidence and the
angle of reflection?

Interactive
 What did you observe on the angle of incidence

EXPLAIN
and the angle of reflection?

The angle of incidence is

equal to the angle of
reflection.

Interactive
 “Multiple Reflection”

EXPLAIN Angle
o
Number of Images
90
60o
45o
30o
 Data for Explore Activity
“Multiple Reflection”
EXPLAIN Angle
o
Number of Images
90 3
60o 5
45o 7
30o 11
EXPLAIN Answers to Guide Questions
for Explore Activity
“Multiple Reflection”
 What did you observe with
EXPLAIN the number of images
produced when the angle
between the mirrors is
decreased?

Interactive
 What did you observe with the number of images
produced when the angle between the mirrors is
decreased?

EXPLAIN The number of images

increased as the angle
between the mirror was
decreased.
Interactive
EXPLAIN Answers to Guide Questions
for Explore Activity
“Parts of a Mirror”
EXPLAIN 1. What is the importance of
the mirror?

Interactive
 1. What is the importance of the mirror?

EXPLAIN The mirror may be used to

magnify or reduce the
image of an object and to
focus light.

Interactive
 2. Who is the scientist that
EXPLAIN used mirrors to develop a
device that allows us to
see the stars and other
heavenly bodies?

Interactive
EXPLAIN
2. Who is the scientist that used mirrors to
develop a device that allows us to see the
stars and other heavenly bodies?

Sir Isaac Newton

Interactive
 Data for Explore Activity
“Ray Diagram (Concave)”

EXPLAIN
Location of Object Location Orientation Size Type
Behind
1. Between F and V Upright Bigger Virtual
the mirror
2. Between C and F Beyond C Inverted Smaller Real
Same
3. At C At C inverted Real
size
Between
4. Beyond C inverted Smaller Real
C and F
5. At F No image formed
EXPLAIN Answers to Guide Questions
for Explore Activity
“Ray Diagram (Concave)”
EXPLAIN Given the results of the ray
diagram, determine the uses
of a concave mirror.

Interactive
 Given the results of the ray diagram, determine
the uses of a concave mirror.

EXPLAIN Concave mirrors may be used in make-up

mirrors since they can provide a
magnified image. They may also be used
in illumination purposes such as in
torches, headlamps, and spotlights since
they can gather light from a small source.

Interactive
REFLECTION is the bouncing
back of a wave. It involves the
change in direction of a light ray
when it hits a smooth and shiny
surface such as a mirror,
stainless steel, or clear and still
water.
The best example of reflection
can be seen using a mirror. We
see ourselves in a mirror
because the light coming from
us bounces on the shiny surface
of the mirror back to our eyes.
 Law of Reflection

The angle of incidence is equal

to the angle of reflection.
 Properties of
Reflection

A REFLECTION is a
TRANSPORTATION that flips a
figure across a line.

The line is called the LINE OF

REFLECTION.

Each point and its image are

the same distance from the line
of reflection.
 Properties of
Reflection

❖ The preimage A’ and the

image A are congruent.
❖ The point on the preimage A’
and the image A are
connected by a line
perpendicular to the line of
reflection.
The 3 pictures above are examples of the types of mirrors.
CONCAVE MIRROR is a type of
mirror that bulges outwards.
This type of mirror usually
produces larger images and is
used in cosmetics and
dentistry.
RAY DIAGRAMMING
 TWO RULES OF RELFECTION

1. Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis on the way
to the mirror will pass through the focal point upon reflection.
2. Any incident ray passing through the focal point (F) on the way to
the mirror will travel parallel to the principal axis upon reflection.
There are steps that we need to follow in Ray Diagramming,
this is applicable to both concave and convex mirrors:

1. Pick a point on the top of the object and 1. Any incident ray traveling
parallel to the principal axis on
draw two incident rays traveling towards the way to the mirror will pass
the mirror. through the focal point upon
reflection.
2. Once these incident rays strike the 2. Any incident ray passing
through the focal point (F) on
mirror, reflect them according to the two the way to the mirror will travel
rules of reflection for concave mirrors. parallel to the principal axis
upon reflection.
3. Mark the image of the top of the object.
 Images Formed in
a Concave Mirror

Location of Object Location Orientation Size Type

1. Between F and V Behind the mirror Upright Bigger Virtual
2. Between C and F Beyond C Inverted Bigger Real
3. At C At C inverted Same size Real
4. Beyond C Between C and F inverted Smaller Real
5. At F No image formed
CONVEX MIRROR is a type of
spherical mirror that bulges
inward. This type of mirror
usually produces small images
and is widely used in side
mirrors, supermarket and
traffic mirrors.
 Images Formed in
a Convex Mirror

Location of Object Location Orientation Size Type

1. Infinity At F Upright Extremely small Virtual

2. In front of the mirror Between V and F Upright Smaller Virtual

 Mirror Equation & Magnification

For the mirror equation, you need to identify the objects distance from the mirror, image
distance and the focal length of the mirror.

If those are not available, you can also solve using the height of the image or the height of
the object given or by the magnification of the mirror.
 Sign Convention / Rules
•
 Mirror Equation

The mirror equation is given by:

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 where
= +
𝒇 𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒊
𝑓 – focal length
or 𝑑𝑜 – distance of the object from the mirror
𝑑𝑖 – distance of the image from the mirror
𝒉𝒊 𝒅𝒊
𝑴= =− ℎ𝑖 – height of the image
𝒉𝒐 𝒅𝒐 ℎ𝑜 – height of the object
Sample Problem:
Carlo placed a candle 49 cm in front of a convex
mirror. He knows that the image distance is located
70 cm from the mirror. What is the focal length of
the mirror?
Sample Problem:
Carlo placed a candle 49 cm in front of a convex mirror. He knows that the image distance is
located 70 cm from the mirror. What is the focal length of the mirror?
Sample Problem:
Let us help Maria determine the distance and the
image height of an object which is 10 cm tall. She
placed it 45 cm from a concave mirror which has a
focal length of 15.0 cm.
 Sample Problem:
Let us help Maria determine the distance and the image height of an object which is 10 cm
tall. She placed it 45 cm from a concave mirror which has a focal length of 15.0 cm.

Given: Equation: Solution:

𝑑𝑜 = 45 cm 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1 1 1
a) = + a) = −
𝒇 𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒊 𝑑𝑖 15𝑐𝑚 45𝑐𝑚
𝑓 = 15 cm
ℎ𝑜 = 10 cm from this equation, derive b) ℎ𝑖 =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 (− 33.3𝑐𝑚 )(10 𝑐𝑚)
= − −
𝒅𝒊 𝒅𝒐 𝒇 45𝑐𝑚
Required to find: 𝑓 =?
b) 𝑴 =
𝒉𝒊
=−
𝒅𝒊 Answers:
𝒉𝒐 𝒅𝒐
a) -33.3 cm
from this equation, derive b) 7.4 cm
𝑑𝑖 ℎ𝑜
ℎ𝑖 = −
𝑑𝑜
 APPLICATIONS OF MIRRORS

PLANE MIRROR PLANE MIRROR CONCAVE MIRROR CONVEX MIRROR

-used to see our -used as rear view -used in cars - used as side mirror
face/ body mirror to see what’s in
the back of the car.

CONVEX MIRROR CONVEX MIRROR CONCAVE MIRROR

CONCAVE MIRROR
- used to see the - used as traffic -used by dentist to
-used in cosmetology
whole grocery store mirror see teeth
ELABORATE
ELABORATE
Liquid Mirror Telescope
(LMT)
A Liquid Mirror Telescope (LMT) was
discovered by an Italian astronomer
named Ernesto Capocci in 1850. He
was inspired by the idea of Isaac
Newton and others about the spinning
liquid.
ELABORATE
Liquid Mirror Telescope
(LMT)
In principle, the LMT is the same as the
other normal reflecting telescope.
Hence, this type of telescope uses a
liquid, usually mercury, poured in a
rotating dish as its reflector.
ELABORATE
Liquid Mirror Telescope
(LMT)
The spinning creates two fundamental
forces that act on the liquid mercury.
Gravity pulls down the liquid while
inertia stretch the liquid sideways at
the edge of the dish.
ELABORATE
Liquid Mirror Telescope
(LMT)
As a result, it creates a uniform and
smooth parabola. Compared to
ordinary reflecting telescopes, LMT is
cheap and low maintenance.
ELABORATE
Liquid Mirror Telescope
(LMT)
The largest known liquid mirror
telescope on Earth is the Large Zenith
Telescope which is located in British
Columbia in Canada. It has a mirror hat
measures 6.0 meters in diameter.
ELABORATE
Liquid Mirror Telescope
(LMT)
Source:
science.howstuffsworks.com/liquid-
mirror-telescope1.htm
ELABORATE
Mirrors are materials that reflect our
outside appearance. We use it to see if
we are dirty or not pleasing to see by
other people.

If you will face the mirror at this very

moment, what do you want to tell
yourself as a person?