Module 2- Art through the Ages

Introduction:
In module 1, you have explored the humanities and art appreciation through the basic assumption
and nature of arts, functions, and philosophy of arts and the difference of subject and content form
artworks. By now, you are expected to have a clearer understanding of the foundations of arts and its
importance to humanity and the community.
This module is focused on Art history and ancient civilization art. It refers to the study of objects
of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. The study may include paintings, sculpture,
architecture, ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects. The genre, design, format, and style in arts
are studied historically.

This module will help you recognize and appreciate the contributions of ancient civilization art in
the historical development of arts from the present time.

You are expected to finish this module and accomplish your task from October 12, 2020, to
October 24, 2020.
Intended learning outcomes:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 cite major art contributions of various civilizations;
 create a timeline to summarize the historical perspective of arts in ancient civilization; and
 design an artwork from one of the ancient art civilizations.
Topic Outline:
1. Art history
2. Ancient civilization Art
 Egyptian Art
 Ancient Greek Art
 Chinese Art
 Japanese Art
1. Art History
 Refers to the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. The
study may include paintings, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture, and other decorative
objects. The genre, design, format, and style in arts are studied historically.
 Cave paintings are also known as “parietal art.” They have painted drawings on cave walls or
ceilings, mainly of prehistoric origin, dated to some 4,000 years ago (around 38,000 BCE) in
Eurasia.

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  The paintings are remarkably similar worldwide, with animals being common subjects that give
the most impressive images. Humans mainly appear as images of hands, mostly hand stencils
made by blowing pigment on a handheld to the wall.

The world’s oldest figurative artwork, which Mulberry-hand colored stencils are superimposed over
was discovered in Borneo is at least 40,000 older reddish or orange hand stencils in this
years old-Luc Henri Fage Indonesian cave art.-Kinez Riza

2. Ancient Civilization Art

 First started in Mesopotamia, as the region attained its development, other city-states existed.
Famous of which is the Sumerian city-state. Religious buildings and temples were established, and
their cultural arts flourished. The beginnings of monumental architecture in Mesopotamia are
usually considered contemporary with the founding of the Sumerian cities and the invention of
writing in about 3100 BCE.
2.1 Egyptian art
 Egyptian art focuses on the afterlife through pyramids and tomb painting. Egyptian art remained
unchanged for 3,000 years, which coincides with their obsession with immortality. Their biggest
concern was assuring a comfortable afterlife for their rulers who they viewed as Gods.
 The Egyptian period produced literature, medical science, and higher mathematics, helping
maintain its first large scale unified state.

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 The Tomb
 “Ka”:  spiritual entity, an aspect of the individual, believed to
live within the body during life and to survive it after death.
 The Paintings and Hieroglyphics (formal writing system) tell
the story of the deceased’s life & activities.
 Portrait statues as an alternative dwelling place in case the
mummified corpse deteriorated.
Sculpture and Paintings

Tutankhamun’s Tomb  The human body is depicted with a front view of the eye and
shoulders and profile view of the head, arms, and legs.
 The size of the figure signifies the rank, and the statues made of granite and diorite
Architecture
 The Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops,
is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is
now El Giza, Egypt.
 The pyramids were meant to house the pharaoh’s bodies and serve reminders of their almighty
power.
 One of the essential changes in architecture was the disappearance of the pyramids. The
pyramids had failed to protect the royal burial from the robbery.
 One of the most beautiful temples is the Deir el-Bahari, it was built about 1470 by the famous
Queen Hatshepsut.

The Great Pyramid of Giza

Deir el-Bahari

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 Gods of Egypt
 The Gods, too, needed proper care. Their temples were built as grand palaces, with stables, orchards
and farmlands and staff of attendants. Rulers prided themselves on what they had done to improve the
shrines of the Gods.

2.2 Ancient Greek Art

 The arts of ancient Greece have exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many
countries worldwide, particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture.
 Forms of art developed at different speeds in different parts of the Greek world, and as in any
age, some artists worked in more innovative styles than others. 
Three Main Period
1. Archaic Period
The earliest period in Greek Sculpture which started around 600 B.C. and lasted until 480 B.C. These
works have a stiff and ridged appearance similar to that of the Egyptian sculpture.
2. Classical Period
 Shows a massive shift from the stiff Archaic to a more realistic and sometimes romantic
portrayal of the human figure. Females, after the 5th century B.C., were depicted nude,
often with flowing robes. The robes gave the sculpture the idea of movement and realism
in an effort by the artist to show humans more naturally and realistically.
3. Hellenistic Period
 The Greeks portrayed a young, vigorous, and athletic person in their works. These works
idealized the individual and, in a way, attempted to capture the idea of youth and strength
in their design. The results reflect the commonly held views of youth, strength, courage,
and beauty, encouraged in the Greek City-states.

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 Sculpture
 The Greeks were blessed with a large supply of marble, which
was what they used most in their sculptures. Bronze was also
used in their artistic work of humans.
 Gods and goddesses, athletes, philosophers, and political
leaders were sculpted as idealized figures. Greeks believed that
the perfection of the soul was mirrored in the physical
embodiment. The Greeks had a good knowledge of anatomy,
and they paid great attention to the accuracy of the details,
especially the muscles.

Artemission Bronze
Pottery
 The range of colors that could be used on pots was
restricted by the technology of firing: black, white, red,
and yellow were the most common.
 They are usually in Human figures, animals, ornamental
shapes, and geometric patterns.
The figures were always painted so that they and their story fitted
the shape of the vase and still linear.
Storage Jar with Herakles Attacking a Centaur; Attributed to the
Medea Group (Greek (Attic), active 530 – 510 B.C.); Athens,
Greece; 530 – 520 B.C.; Terracotta;

Architecture
 Greek life was dominated by religion, and so it is not surprising that the temples of ancient Greece
built to honor their gods were the biggest and most beautiful. They also had a political purpose as
they were often made to celebrate civic power and pride or to offer thanksgiving to the patron
deity of a city for success in war.
 The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their distinctive
proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Doric style Ionic
style Corinthian style.

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 Greek Orders Greek temple

2.3 Chinese Art

 Chinese art has continuously changed, and each of the many
periods in its long history has its distinct character; and the
Chinese believed that their deceased ancestors have a spiritual
form of existence that gives them access to the gods.
 Much of the early information about Chinese art comes from
royal tombs. These yielded rich treasures such as lacquered
items, paintings, sculptures in wood, stone, jade, bronze, etc.
 The Chinese follow Confucian respect for age, authority, and
morality after Confucius’ teachings (perfect harmony and
human heartedness).
Painting Chinese Landscape Painting

 Landscape painting was regarded as the highest

form of Chinese painting, and they also consider
the three concepts of their arts: Nature, Heaven, and
Humankind (Yin-Yang)
 Chinese art expresses the human understanding of
the relationship between nature and humans, and
this might be called the metaphysical, Daoist aspect
of Chinese painting.
 Painting subjects and themes are usually flowers
and birds, landscapes, palaces and temples, human
Figures, animals, bamboos, and Stones. Calligraphy

 Calligraphy is the art of beautiful handwriting. In calligraphy, the popular materials which
paintings are made of are paper and silk.

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 Qi Baishi (1877-1957)
 considered one of the great Chinese Painters. Focusing
mainly on flowers, birds, fish, and insects, Qi gives his
brush the kind of independence that very few artists dare
to experiment with. His swift, sure, spontaneous
brushstrokes usually perfected only at an old age, turned
Qi into China's most celebrated modern artist, and
indeed one of the world’s greatest painters. Qi Baishi is
the Picasso of China.
 Qis art conveys a slightly awkward air, which is the
essence of his appeal. Qis mature style emerged only in the 1920s after moving to Beijing; he was
only fully recognized at the old age of sixty but continued to create and produced his greatest
masterpieces during his seventies and eighties. He died in Beijing on September 16, 1957, at the age
of 94.
Sculpture and Pottery
 The Chinese were masters of bronze, jade,
and ceramics. Decorative subjects made of these materials
are among Chinas’ most significant contributions to the
world of art.
 Bronze metalwork is the most extraordinary
art form of ancient china. The excellent bronze ag of China
lasted from the Shang (1523-1000’s B.C.) to the Han
Dynasty. During the Shang dynasty, bronzes were used for
ritual purposes. Bronze shapes and designs become more
elaborate, especially those produced in the northern city of
Anyang, the last Shang capital.

Bronze Jar Zhou Dynasty

 Jade is a hard, beautiful stone that was highly valued by the Chinese. Jade ornaments and sculptures
are found at many at first burial sites.
 Chinese potters learned to control the temperatures of their kilns to refine clays and to make perfect
glazes. A glaze is a glossy coat that helps the ceramics waterproof and enhances their appearances.
These techniques enabled them to produce ceramics that were admired worldwide.
 Chinese sculptures are objected to be buried with the dead. The most impressive collection of
sculptures was found near the tomb of Shi Huangdi, the 1 st emperor of China. Pits near the tomb held
some 7,000 life-size Terra Cotta pottery sculptures of foot soldiers, charioteers, officers, and horses.
The sculptures were intended to protect the emperor after death.

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 Terracotta soldiers at Qin Shi Huangdi Tomb

Ancient Jade in China

2.4 Japanese Art

 Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media,
including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze,
ink painting on silk and paper, calligraphy, ceramics,
architecture, oil painting, literature, drama, and music.
 Japanese art dates from around 10,000 BC. Most oriental
and eastern art incorporates various styles and types such
as ink painting, pottery, and sculpture.

Painting The Great Wave of Kaganawa

 One of Japan’s oldest art forms, and probably it most popular. Like China, It began as simple stick
figures decorating silk, paper, and pottery, and developed into a way of expressing centuries of
cultural and political evolution.
 Screen printing is often thought of as one of the most characteristics forms of Japanese art. Most
especially popular by handscrolls that contained text and paintings.
 Woodblock prints were first used in japan to reproduce religious text and images. Woodblock
printing is a technique for printing text, images, or patterns used. This method was adopted in Japan
during the Edo period (1603-1867) and became one of their oldest and most highly developed visual
arts. 
 The artist Hokusai and Hiroshige are acknowledged as the greatest masters of the landscape print.
Their works generally feature views of scenic national landmarks such as Mount Fuji.

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 Woodblock print of Mt. Fuji Screen painting in Japan

Sculpture and Pottery

 Most sculptures made before the mid-1800s were
objects of worship displayed in temples and shrines.
Statues of Gods of Buddhism and the native Shinto
religion were most common.
 The earliest sculptures were made of clay. Small clay
figurines resembling humans and animals have been
found in Neolithic sites. Large clay figurines were
placed around the great mounded tombs of powerful
rulers. These figures were of men, women, animals,
and even boats and houses.

Jomon Clay Figure

 One of the most impressive gilt bronze statues is a 52-

foot (16 meters) seated Buddha in Todaiji, a temple in
the City of Nara.

Buddha in Todaiji temple in the City of Nara

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  Japan has one of the oldest ceramic traditions in the world. All Japanese ceramics were either
earthenware or stoneware. Earthenware is a reddish, non-waterproof ware that is fired at low
temperatures while pottery is harder ware fired at a high temperature and often glazed.
 The rise during the 1500s of tea drinking ritual known as the tea ceremony stimulated the growth of
ceramic production. A wide range of shapes, sizes, and glazes developed in response to the
requirements of the tea ceremony.

Earthenware ceramics Stoneware ceramics

Japan’s Crafts
Daruma Dolls
 These are spherical dolls with red bodies and white faces without pupils.
They represent Bodhidharma, an East Indian who founded Zen about
1500 years ago; according to legend, he removed his eyelids to prevent
sleep from breaking his concentration, and his limbs withered after
prolonged meditation. Daruma dolls are charms to bring good fortune,
continued prosperity, and fortitude to accomplish goals. Usually,
daruma dolls are purchased without eyes.
Daruma Doll
Kokeshi Dolls
 They have been made for 150 years. They were initially
created as toys for children of farmers. They have no arms or
legs, but a large head and cylindrical body, representing little
girls. From a simple toy, it has now become a famous Japanese
craft, and now an established souvenir for tourists.

Kokeshi Doll

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 Ikebana Origami
Ikebana
 The Japanese art of flower arrangement. It is more than simply putting flowers in a container. It is a
disciplined art form in which the structure is a living thing where nature and humanity are brought
together. One tries to represent the three elements sky, earth, and humanity in a well-balanced
relation.
Origami
 the traditional Japanese art of paper folding. It has since evolved into a modern art form. The goal of
this art is to transform a flat sheet of paper into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting
techniques, and as such, the use of cuts or glue is not considered to be origami.

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 Activity 1
Instructions: Read and research more about the selected ancient civilization art,
then identify at least five (5) art contributions of these civilizations and write it
down on their respective columns given below:
Ancient Egypt Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Ancient China Ancient Japan

Activity 2
Instruction: Make an outline of the historical perspective in Ancient Civilization art based
on the unit lecture using a timeline. You may also provide additional information not
presented in this module. You can use creativity and imagination to present your work. An
example is given below to give you an idea of how you will make your activity. Use a
separate paper for this activity.

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 Activity 3
Instructions: Search on the different paper folding known as the “Origami.” Then choose and craft five
(5) origami of your own. Take a photo of the finished crafts and paste it on a separate paper. Make also a
short video of yourself of at least one (1) minute in doing your artwork. Then submit your video

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 presentation with this email [email protected] or through your flash drive with the given
sample file format ( agcaoili_origami).

Activity 4
Instructions: Design your Japanese art flower arrangement known as the “Ikebana.” Then take a selfie
with your output and put a caption from it. Use your creativity and imagination to do your artwork. Use a
separate paper for this activity.

Rubric for Grading Individual Art Projects

Points Creativity/Originality (x 9 pts.) Craftsmanship/Skill (x 9 pts.) Effort/Perserverance (x 7 pts.)

4 The student explored several choices The artwork was beautiful and The project was continued until
before Selecting one, generated patiently done; it was as good as it was complete as the student
many ideas, tried unusual hard work could make it. could make it; gave it effort far
combinations or changes, used beyond that required.
problem-solving skills.

3 The student tried a few ideas before With a little more effort, the work The student worked hard and
selecting one or based his/her work could have been outstanding; lacks completed the project, but with a
on someone. the finishing touches. bit more effort, it might have
been outstanding.

2 The studied an idea, but it lacked The student showed average The student finished the project,
originality, might have copied work, craftsmanship, adequate, but not but it could have been improved
substituted “symbols” for personal as good as possible, a bit careless. with more effort, chose an easy
expression. task, and did it indifferently.

1 The student fulfilled the The student showed average The project was completed with
requirements of the assignment but craftsmanship, lack of pride in minimum effort
gave no evidence of trying anything finished work
unusual.

0 The student showed no evidence of The student showed poor The student did not finish the
original thought craftsmanship; evidence of work adequately
laziness or lack of understanding

RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING EXERCICES

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 EXEMPLARY ACCOMPLISHED DEVELOPING BEGINNING
CRITERIA WEIGHT
(4) (3) (2) (1)

Coverage 25% All required Most of the Some of the Most of the
information is necessary essential required data is
covered, information is information is missing and
informative, and covered and well- covered but poorly written
well-written written uninformative

Organization 10% Proper Adequate design with Some formatting Multiple

formatting, labeled sections errors or missing formatting
sections clearly sections errors or
labeled, well missing sections
organized,
professional style

Grammar, 25% No errors Only one or two More than two Numerous errors
usage, errors errors distract from
mechanics, understanding
spelling

Quality of 40% Attractive, well Some details vague or Details Unable to find
information researched, non-supporting of the somewhat specific details
informative, subject sketchy, do not
supporting support the topic
details specific to
the subject

Summary
Art history refers to the study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic
contexts. The study may include paintings, sculpture, architecture, ceramics, furniture, and other
decorative objects. The genre, design, format, and style in arts are studied historically.
The ancient civilization art first started in Mesopotamia; as the region attained its development,
other city-states existed. Egyptian art focuses on the afterlife through pyramids and tomb painting.
Egyptian art remained unchanged for 3,000 years, which coincides with their obsession with immortality.
The arts of ancient Greece have exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries
worldwide, particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture. There were three main periods during
this time the Archaic, classical and Hellenistic era. Chinese art has continuously changed, and each of the
many periods in its long history has its distinct character; and the Chinese believed that their deceased
ancestors have a spiritual form of existence that gives them access to the gods. Japanese art covers a wide

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 range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk
and paper, calligraphy, ceramics, architecture, oil painting, literature, drama, and music.

References:
Textbooks
 Leano, Roman D., (2018) Art Appreciation for College Students. Mindshapers Co., Inc.
 Solmerano, Ernesto M., (2019) Art Appreciation. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Ariola, Mariano M. (2018) Art Appreciation. Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.
 Devilles et al. (2018) Art sense: Sensing the Arts in the Everyday by C & E-publishing, Inc.,

Links
 https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/science/2018/11/07/cave-art-worlds-oldest-paintings-animals-
discovered-borneo/1922195002/
 http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/special s/treasure-wars/rosetta-stone-tw/

 https://www.slideshare.net/RodriguezArt/egyptian-art-14705439?qid=145a4af2-42c7-4d04-abf6-
ad2947663706&v=&b=&from_search=4

 https://www.slideshare.net/DarvinAbraham/ancient-greek-civilization-art-and-architecture?qid=d5f3cb1e-
28bf-4e19-91a2-3da587bb38d8&v=&b=&from_search=10

 https://www.slideshare.net/Gari125/art-of-china-42069577

 https://www.slideshare.net/gisereyrocks/chinese-art-26314666

 slideshare.net/gisereyrocks/japanese-art-26314593

 https://www.slideshare.net/charlene143/arts-of-japan?next_slideshow=1

 https://www.slideshare.net/top8vivien/japan-38838226

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