DR.A.

N.KHOSLADAVPUBLI CSCHOOL,
ROURKELA
SESSI
ON:2020-
21
PHYSI
CSPRACTICALFORSTD.XII
EXPERI
MENT–01
AIM-Todet
ermi ner esisti
vi
tyoft
wowi r
esbypl
ott
ingagr
aphf
orpot
ent
ial
dif
fer
encev
ersuscur
rent
.
APPARATUSREQUI RED
 Twowi resofdi ffer
entmater
ial
s
 BatteryEl i
mi nator
 Voltmet er
 Mi l
l
iammet er
 Rheost at
 PlugKey
 Connect ingWi r
es
 Api eceofsandpaper
CIRCUI
TDIAGRAM

THEORY
Accor
dingtoOhm’slaw,t
heelect
ri
ccurr
entfl
owingthr
oughaconduct
ori
sdi
rect
lypropor
ti
onaltot
hepot
enti
aldif
fer
ence
acr
ossitsends,
prov
idedthephysi
cal
state(
pressur
e,t
emperat
ureanddi
mensi
ons)oftheconduct
orr
emainsunchanged.
VαI
or, V=RI
V
or
, R=
I

WhereRistermedastheelect
ri
calresi
stanceoftheconductor.
Therel
ati
onshi
pbetweentheresi
stanceofamat eri
alandit
sl engt
handt
hear
eaoft
hecr
osssect
ioni
sgi
venbyt
he
for
mula,
l
R=ρ
A

A
Or
, ρ=R
l

πd2
Or
, ρ=R
4l

eρi
Wher sther
esi
sti
vi
tyoft
hemat
eri
aloft
hewi
reanddi
sthedi
amet
eroft
hewi
re.

PROCEDURE:
 Theendsoft
heconnect
ingwi
rei
scl
eanedwi
tht
hehel
pofsandpaperi
nor
dert
oremov
eanyi
nsul
ati
ngcoat
ingon
t
hem.

 Thegivenwir
e,r
heost
at,
batt
ery
,key
,vol
tmet
erandmi
l
li
ammet
eri
sconnect
edaspert
heci
rcui
tdi
agr
am.Al
l
connecti
onsmustbeneatandti
ght.

 Onemustmakesurethatthepoi
ntersinthevol
tmet
erandmi
ll
iammetercoi
ncidewi
tht
hezer
omar
kont
he
measur
ingscal
e.I
fnot,
thenthepointermustbeadj
ust
edbyusingascr
ewdriv
er.

 Ther
angei
snot
eddownandt
hel
eastcounti
sdet
ermi
nedoutoft
hegi
venv
olt
met
erandmi
l
li
ammet
er.

 ThekeyKi
sinser
tedandt
her
heost
ati
ssl
i
dtot
heendwher
ecur
rentf
lowi
smi
nimum.

 Ther
heost
ati
sadj
ust
edt
ogetasmal
ldef
lect
ioni
nmi
l
li
ammet
erandv
olt
met
erandi
srecor
ded.
 Atl
eastsi
xset
sofr
eadi
ngsar
etakenbyadj
ust
ingt
her
heost
atgr
adual
l
y.

 Agr
aphi
spl
ott
edwi
thVal
ongX-
axi
sandIal
ongY-
axi
s.

 Thesl
opeoft
heV-
Igr
aphi
sdet
ermi
ned.Ther
eci
procal
oft
hesl
opegi
vest
her
esi
stanceoft
hewi
re.

 Diameteroft
hewireandlengt
hofthewirei
sdet
ermi
nedbyusi
ngascr
ewgaugeandamet
erscal
erespect
ivel
y.
OBSERVATIONS
 Rangeofthegivenammeter=
 LeastCountofthegi
venammet er=
 Rangeofthegivenvol
tmeter=
 LeastCountofthegi
venvolt
meter=
 LeastCountofScrewgauge=
 LengthoftheWire1(l
1)=
 LengthoftheWire2(l
2)=

TABLE–1(
Var
iat
ionofPot
ent
ial
dif
fer
encewi
thCur
r orWi
entf re1andwi
re2)

Sl
.No. Ammet
erReadi
ng(
mA) Vol
tmet
erReadi
ng(
V)

wi
re1 wi
re2 wi
re1 wi
re2

TABLE–2(
Measur
ementoft
hedi erofWi
amet re1andwi
re2)

Sl
.No. Mai
nScal
eReadi
ng Ci
rcul
arScal
edi
visi
on Di
amet
er(
cm) MeanDi
amet
er
(x) coi
ncidi
ng(
y)
d=x+(
yXL.
C)

wi
re1 wi
re2 wi
re1 wi
re2 d1 d2 wi
re1 wi
re2

CALCULATI
ONS

Resi
stanceoft
hegi
venwi
re1(
R1)=Sl
opeofV-Igr
aphf
orwi
re

∆V
= =.
..
..
..
.Ω
∆I

Resi
sti
vi
tyoft
hegi
venwi
re1

ρ1=R1d12 =.
..
..
..
..
Ωcm
4l
1
Resi
stanceoft
hegi
venwi
re2(
R2)=Sl
opeofV-Igr
aphf
orwi
re2

∆V
= =.
..
..
..
.Ω
∆I
Resi
sti
vi
tyoft
hegi
venwi
re2

ρ1=R2d22 =.
..
..
..
..
Ωcm
4l
2
RESULT

 Ohm’
sLawi
sver
if
iedast
heV-
Igr
aphi
sast
rai
ghtl
i
ne.

 Ther
esi
sti
vi
tyoft
hegi
venwi
re1=.
..
..
..
..
..Ωcm.

 Ther
esi
sti
vi
tyoft
hegi
venwi
re2=.
..
..
..
..
..Ωcm.

PRECAUTI
ONS
 Theconnecti
ngwi
resusedshoul
dbethi
ckcopperwir
eandal
ltheconnect
ionsmustbeneatandt
ight
.
 Voltmet
erandmil
l
iammetermustbeofproperr
ange.

 Thekeyshoul
dbei
nser
tedonl
ywhi
l
etaki
ngr
eadi
ngs.

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