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Session 1: 5G Overview and Architecture

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Mobile Connectivity
CONNECTED DEVICES PREDICTION(BN)
50

22

12

2010 2015 2020

Connected Devices Prediction(Bn)

 eMBB URLLC

Enhanced Mobile Broadband Ultra-Reliable Low Latency

Communication

mMTC

5Gmassive Machine-Type Communications

Introduction
Introduction
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)

It’s never enough – there’s always a need

for more capacity in the wireless networks

Partially it’s driven by ever-increasing

content consumption through wireless
devices

But there are also technological

breakthroughs (4K video, next 8k video)

And yet unknown impact and adaptation

rate of the IoT – multitude of wireless
devices per person
3GPP Release 15 Highlights
5G Standardization Timeline
Rel15(phase1) Rel18
5G TF/KT SIG Rel16(phase2)
eMBB, FWA low latency Optimized Standard
communication
Massive IoT Rel17 Full 5G Vision
Industry Specs (LLC)Apps
Enhanced LLC Apps
>52GHz
TF: Technical Forum
KT: Korea Telecom

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Non 12/2017: Functional O9/2017: Functional Non

Freeze (L1/2) Freeze (L1/2) Standalone &
Standalone
With EPC Standalone
(Option 3) O3/2018: Protocol O3/2018: Protocol With 5GC
(ASN.1) Freeze (ASN.1) Freeze (Option 2/4/5/7)

Expected
NW Deployment Pre First standards
Standards based
Timelines standards based 5G
5G mass rollout
5G start deployments
 3GPP Release 15 highlights
5G key technologies
#1 New spectrum options #2 UE agnostic massive MIMO #4 Multi-connectivity and aggregation
Spectrum
5G
90 GHz
3 mm LTE
5G
39 GHz LTE
30 GHz
1 cm 28 GHz 5G
10 GHz
#3 New radio and scalable frame design #5 Distributed flexible architecture
3.5 GHz Dt
time
3 GHz Df
10 cm User #3
frequency

User #4 User #5

User #2
300 MHz User #1 User #2

1m User #3 User #5
User #1 Gateway
One tile corresponds to the smallest user allocation
3GPP Release 15 highlights
S1 interface
Non-standalone architecture (Control and user plane)

Non-standalone Architecture requires

Dual Connectivity operation. The 5G
gNB is connected to the LTE EPC, with LTE RAN
LTE eNodeB acting as anchor for the
Control Plane.

5G NSA is a way forward to capitalize

on the LTE installed base, and an
acceleration option to deploy 5G User plane
without needing to have a dedicated
5G core network (5GC). 5G NR RAN

The alternative approach is 5G Standalone where the 5G core (5GC) is installed and the LTE overlay is no longer
needed for the 5G operation
This option (5G SA) will be supported by Nokia 5G19 release (and by final version of 3GPP Rel.15)
 3GPP Release 15 Highlights
Spectrum
5G NR Frequency Band
100GHz
60GHz
5G
mmWave(30-100GHz)
30GHz
Different numerologies have been defined, to
provide flexibility in terms of subcarrier 28GHz 5G
spacing and slot duration (cell range and CmWave(6-30GHz)
coherence in the frequency band) 6GHz
3.5GHz 5G
4G
(<6GHz)
1GHz

… 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3,5 3,7 GHz 28 GHz 39GHz

400GHz 3GHz 6GHz 10GHz 30GHz 90GHz

cmWave mmWave
Continuous coverage, high mobility and reliability, interference limitations Higher capacity and massive throughput, noise limitation

Carrier BW n*20MHz n*100MHz 1-2GHz

Duplexing FDD TDD
Cell site
Macro Small Ultra Small
3GPP Release 15 highlights
Key features

Analog beamforming Up to 64 x-pol beams (> 6 GHz)

Beam tracking

Up to 8 x-pol coarse beams (< 6 GHz)

Digital beamforming Up to 32 refined beams for PDSCH & PUSCH
Scheduling of a single UE per slot per direction and carrier

For digital BF
DL SU 4x4 MIMO 2 refined x-pol beams are used to provide 4x4 MIMO on PDSCH
UEs with 2 RX antennas are supported with 4x2 transmission

For digital BF, UEs are scheduled at the same time on the same frequency
DL/UL MU MIMO resources over different beams support of up to
❖ 8 UEs with 2x2 SU-MIMO (DL and UL) or
❖ 4 UEs with 4x2 or 4x4 SU-MIMO (DL)
 3GPP Release 15 highlights
Key features

Up to 8 CC per UE (> 6 GHz)

Carrier Aggregation Contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum allocation
Symmetric and asymmetric UL/ DL CA

Support of IPv4 / IPv6 Support of the S1-U, X2-U, X2-C interfaces over IPv4/IPv6

Intra-frequency intra-gNB Mobility within the same gNB (intra-CU) either between different
mobility DUs or between different cells of same DU, and without eNB
change
 3GPP 5G System Architecture : Reference Point Presentation

N13
NSSF AUSF UDM

N12 N8
N22 N10

N14
N11 N7 N5
AMF SMF PCF AF
AMF

N1 N2 N4 N15

NR air i/f N3 N6
RAN UPF DN
UPF
N9

5G System Architecture In Reference Point Presentation

Ref : 3GPP TS 23.501 V15.0.0

Functional Description: AMF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF

Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf
Nudm

Nausf Nsmf
Namf

AMF AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Termination of RAN CP interface (N2). Transparent proxy for routing SM messages.

Termination of NAS (N1), NAS ciphering and integrity protection. Access Authentication.

Registration management. Access Authorization.

Connection management. Provide transport for SMS messages between UE and SMSF.

Reachability management. Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF).

Mobility Management. Security Context Management (SCM)

Lawful intercept (for AMF events and interface to LI System). Location Services management for regulatory services.
 Functional Description: SMF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF

Nnef
Nnssf Npcf Naf
Nnrf Nudm

Nausf Nsmf
Namf

SMF AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Session establishment, modify and release Charging data collection and support of charging interfaces.

UE IP address allocation & management . Control and coordination of charging data collection at UPF.

DHCPv4 (server and client) and DHCPv6 (server and client) functions. Termination of SM parts of NAS messages.

ARP proxying Downlink Data Notification.

Configures traffic steering at UPF to route traffic to proper destination. Initiator of AN specific SM information, sent via AMF over N2 to AN.

Termination of interfaces towards Policy control functions. Determine SSC mode of a session.

Lawful intercept (for SM events and interface to LI System). Roaming functionality.

 Functional Description: UPF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

Nausf Namf Nsmf

UPF AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Anchor point for Intra-/Inter-RAT mobility Uplink Traffic verification

External PDU Session point of interconnect to Data Network.

Transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink.

Packet routing & forwarding

Downlink packet buffering

Packet inspection

Downlink data notification triggering.

Lawful intercept (UP collection).

Sending and forwarding of one or more "end marker" to the source NG-RAN node.
Traffic usage reporting.

QoS handling for user plane. ARP proxying

Functional Description: PCF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

Nausf Namf Nsmf

PCF AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Supports unified policy framework to govern network behaviour.

Provides policy rules to Control Plane function(s) to enforce them.

Accesses subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a Unified Data Repository (UDR).
Functional Description: NEF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

Nausf Namf Nsmf

NEF AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Exposure of capabilities and events

Secure provision of information from external application

Translation of internal-external information

NEF stores the received information

Also support a PFD Function

Functional Description: NSSF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

NSSF Nausf Namf Nsmf

AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Selecting the set of Network Slice instances serving the UE

Determining the Allowed NSSAI and, if needed, the mapping to the Subscribed S-NSSAIs

Determining the AMF Set to be used to serve the UE

 Functional Description: NRF
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

Nausf Namf Nsmf

NRF AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

NF instance ID

NF type

Supports service discovery function PLMN ID

Network Slice related Identifier(s) e.g. S-NSSAI, NSI ID

Maintains the NF profile of available NF
instances
FQDN or IP address of NF

NF capacity information

NF Specific Service authorization information

Functional Description: UDM
NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
Nnef
Nnssf Nnrf Npcf Naf
Nudm

Nausf Namf Nsmf

UDM AUSF AMF SMF

NG-CP
N1
N2 N4

NR air i/f
N3 N6

RAN UPF DN

Generation of 3GPP AKA Authentication Credentials.

User Identification Handling

Access authorization

Support to service/session continuity.

MT-SMS delivery support.

Lawful Intercept Functionality.

Subscription management
Protocol Layers

NAS NAS
Layer 3
RRC RRC

SDAP SDAP

PDCP PDCP
Layer 2
RLC RLC

MAC MAC

Layer 1 PHY PHY

C-Plane U-Plane C-Plane U-Plane C-Plane
 5G Architecture Options

Option-1
Option-2
EPC 5G CN
• 5G end-to-end for new services
• Lower latency without LTE leg
S1 • Lower setup time in 5G N2/3
• No need for LTE network upgrades
LTE eNB 5G gNB

Options 3 and 3A Options 3.X

EPC EPC
• Available 6 months earlier than SA
• Existing EPC core used S1 S1-U
S1
• Existing LTE idle mode used
X2 –C/U
eNB gNB • Data rate aggregation LTE + 5G X2 –C/U
eNB gNB
• VoLTE in LTE
 5G Architecture Options

Options 4 and 4A Options 4.X

5G CN 5G CN

N2/3 N2/3 N3
CP+ UP
CP+ UP
gNB eNB Option 5
Xn
gNB eNB
Xn
NGC

N2/3

eNB
5G Architecture Options

Options 7 and 7A Options 7.X

NGC
NGC

N2/3
N2/3 N3

eNB CP+ UP gNB CP+ UP

eNB gNB
Xn Xn
Introduction to 5G NR
gNB functional split

• gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) 5GC

• Hosts RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB
• Controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs N2/3 N2/3 *
5GRAN
• gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU)
• Hosts RLC, MAC and PHY layers of the gNB
• its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU gNB-CU
• One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell Xn
is supported by only one gNB-DU gNB F1 F1
gNB-
• F1 interface is a High Layer Fronthaul interface being
gNB-
DU
… DU
between PDCP (handled in gNB-CU) and RLC
RU
(handled in gNB-DU).
• It has been standardized by 3GPP to allow for multi-
vendor CU/DU deployments.
* S1-U in case of NSA deployment
Introduction to 5G NR
Non-standalone Architecture – Option 3.X

MME • In the 3.x architecture, the gNB has only S1-U link to
S-GW LTE EPC
the EPC, and no S1-C connection.

S1-C S1-U • It is controlled by an eNB that is responsible for

signaling with the EPC, and establishment of 5G
MeNB
X2 bearers between the S-GW and the gNB.
X2
• Legacy X2 link (X2-C and X2-U) is used between the
SgNB-CU SgNB-CU eNB and the gNB.

F1 F1

Control plane
eNB gNB-DU gNB-DU gNB-DU
User plane

MeNB Master eNB

SgNB Secondary gNB
Introduction to 5G NR
SeNB addition and release for NSA mode 3X

• The UE needs to support DC (Dual Connectivity).

MCG Bearer Split SCG Bearer
• The LTE connection (Control Plane and User Plane) to eNB is S1-U/S1-MME S1-U
always active, while the connection to the gNB is activated
only on demand. PDCP PDCP NR
X2-U/C
RLC
• LTE eNB acts as master node (MeNB) and controls which S1-U RLC RLC NR
bearers are handled by each Radio Access type (LTE/NR) MAC MAC NR
MeNB SgNB
• Based on MeNB input, the MME requests the S-GW to set up
S1-U bearer to a specific node (LTE or NR)

• If the NR radio quality degrades, the S1-U bearer towards NR MCG Master Cell Group
can be split at NR and sent partially or entirely over X2 to MeNB Master eNB
MeNB SCG Secondary Cell Group
SgNB Secondary gNB
5G New Radio
Overview
Duplex scheme: TDD (FDD as well, but later on) frequency Resource Grid
Large areas of unpaired Every subframe can be
spectrum easier to be dynamically selected to
found carry UL or DL data.
Flexible adaptation to
DL/UL throughput
requirements
12 subcarriers
Both uplink and downlink Possibility to have control
use OFDM signals in every subframe
• Simplified RF design for low latency scheduling.
• Eases self- backhauling Support for self-contained Resource
and device-to-device subframes Element (RE)
communication
Resource Block
(RB):
12 subcarriers x 1 14 OFDM symbols time
Carrier Aggregation: up to 16 CCs
symbol
1 slot (basic scheduling unit)
5G New Radio
Multiple numerologies

The most outstanding NR feature, when compared to LTE, is the support of

multiple numerologies – multiple subcarrier spacing's LTE subcarrier spacing (15
kHz) is a subset of
numerologies supported by
Subcarrier spacing is based on common 15 kHz base. NR ( = 0) – for
Subcarrier spacing: Df = 2 * 15 kHz compatibility
where  (mju) defines the numerology.

 = 0  Df = 15 kHz  = 0  1 PRB = 180 kHz

 = 1  Df = 30 kHz  = 1  1 PRB = 360 kHz
 = 2  Df = 60 kHz  = 2  1 PRB = 720 kHz
 = 3  Df = 120 kHz  = 3  1 PRB = 1.44 MHz
 = 4  Df = 240 kHz  = 4  1 PRB = 2.88 MHz
5G New Radio
Multiple numerologies

The multiple numerologies affect also time domain. As the subcarrier spacing increases (higher value of ), the
duration of an OFDM symbol gets shorter

Parameter / Subcarrier OFDM Symbol Cyclic Prefix OFDM Symbol

Numerlogy () Spacing (Khz) Duration (s) Duration (s) including CP (s)
0 15 66.67 4.69 71.35
1 30 33.33 2.34 35.68
2 60 16.67 1.17 17.84
3 120 8.33 0.57 8.92
4 240 4.17 0.29 4.46

Subcarrier spacing Symbol duration decreases

increases (wider PRBs in (PRBs shorter in time
frequency domain) domain)
 Normal CP, Numerology = 0
frame,  subframe, 

slot
N symb N slot N slot
0 14 10 1

1 Radio Frame = 10 Subframe = 10 Slots = 10 ms

1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz

1 Subframe = 1 Slots = 1 ms

1 Slots = 14 symbols = 1ms

 Normal CP, Numerology = 1
frame,  subframe, 
 slot
N symb N slot N slot
0 14 10 1
1 14 20 2

1 Radio Frame = 10 Subframe = 20 Slots = 10 ms

1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz

1 Subframe = 2 Slots = 1 ms

1 Slots = 14 symbols = 0.5 ms

 Normal CP, Numerology = 2
frame,  subframe, 
 slot
N symb N slot N slot
0 14 10 1
1 14 20 2
2 14 40 4

1 Radio Frame = 10 Subframe = 40 Slots = 10 ms

1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz

1 Subframe = 4 Slots = 1 ms

1 Slots = 14 symbols = 0.25 ms

 Normal CP, Numerology = 3
frame,  subframe, 
 slot
N symb N slot N slot
0 14 10 1
1 14 20 2
2 14 40 4
3 14 80 8

1 Radio Frame = 10 Subframe = 80 Slots = 10 ms

1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz

1 Subframe = 8 Slots = 1 ms

1 Slots = 14 symbols = 0.125 ms

 Normal CP, Numerology = 4
frame,  subframe, 
 slot
N symb N slot N slot
0 14 10 1
1 14 20 2
2 14 40 4
3 14 80 8
4 14 160 16

1 Radio Frame = 10 Subframe = 160 Slots = 10 ms

1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz

1 Subframe = 16 Slots = 1 ms

1 Slots = 14 symbols = 0.0625 ms

 Normal CP, Numerology = 5
frame,  subframe, 
 slot
N symb N slot N slot
0 14 10 1
1 14 20 2
2 14 40 4
3 14 80 8
4 14 160 16
5 14 320 32

1 Radio Frame = 10 Subframe = 320 Slots = 10 ms

1 Sub carrier = 15 KHz

1 Subframe = 32 Slots = 1 ms

1 Slots = 14 symbols = 0.03125 ms

5G New Radio
Multiple numerologies – time and frequency domain

The basic PRB structure is the

same – 12 subcarriers and 14
OFDM symbols.
The numerology defines the
frequency/time span of an
individual Resource Element,
and in consequence, PRB.
• 15 kHz spacing – good for wide
area coverage
• 30/60 kHz spacing – dense
urban deployments, low latency,
wide carrier bandwidth
• 60 kHz or higher – for bands
above 10 GHz
1 subframe = 1 ms
5G New Radio
Multiple numerologies – PRBs and carrier frequency span

3GPP specifies the minimum and maximum bandwidth (limit: 400 MHz carrier)

Numerology min #PRBs max #PRBs subc. spacing min system BW max system BW
 5G New Radio
Physical channels

• The physical channels defined in the downlink The following downlink physical signals are defined:
are: • Demodulation reference signals, DM-RS, for PDSCH
• Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and PBCH
• Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) • Phase-tracking reference signals, PT-RS
• Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
• Channel-state information reference signal, CSI-RS
• The physical channels defined in the uplink are: • Primary synchronization signal, PSS
• Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) • Secondary synchronization signal, SSS
• Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
• Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

• The supported modulation schemes: The following uplink physical signals are defined:
• Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM • Demodulation reference signals, DM-RS
• Uplink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM • Phase-tracking reference signals, PT-RS
• Sounding reference signal, SRS
5G New Radio
Frame types (3GPP)

Always 14 slots (normal CP) – but variable duration due to multiple numerologies

Slot-based
transmission
direction
switching

uplink

downlink

Half-frame
pattern
Downlink symbol Uplink symbol flexible direction symbol
Frames and Slots for UL & DL
Format Symbol number in a slot
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
0 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
1 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
3 D D D D D D D D D D D D D X
4 D D D D D D D D D D D D X X
5 D D D D D D D D D D D X X X
6 D D D D D D D D D D X X X X
7 D D D D D D D D D X X X X X
8 X X X X X X X X X X X X X U
9 X X X X X X X X X X X X U U
10 X U U U U U U U U U U U U U
11 X X U U U U U U U U U U U U
12 X X X U U U U U U U U U U U
13 X X X X U U U U U U U U U U
14 X X X X X U U U U U U U U U
15 X X X X X X U U U U U U U U
16 D X X X X X X X X X X X X X
17 D D X X X X X X X X X X X X
18 D D D X X X X X X X X X X X
19 D X X X X X X X X X X X X U
20 D D X X X X X X X X X X X U
21 D D D X X X X X X X X X X U
22 D X X X X X X X X X X X U U
23 D D X X X X X X X X X X U U
24 D D D X X X X X X X X X U U
25 D X X X X X X X X X X U U U
26 D D X X X X X X X X X U U U
27 D D D X X X X X X X X U U U
28 D D D D D D D D D D D D X U
29 D D D D D D D D D D D X X U
30 D D D D D D D D D D X X X U

3GPP TS 38.211 V15.0.0 (2017-12)

Frames and Slots for UL & DL
Format Symbol number in a slot
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

31 D D D D D D D D D D D X U U
32 D D D D D D D D D D X X U U
33 D D D D D D D D D X X X U U
34 D X U U U U U U U U U U U U
35 D D X U U U U U U U U U U U
36 D D D X U U U U U U U U U U
37 D X X U U U U U U U U U U U
38 D D X X U U U U U U U U U U
39 D D D X X U U U U U U U U U
40 D X X X U U U U U U U U U U
41 D D X X X U U U U U U U U U
42 D D D X X X U U U U U U U U
43 D D D D D D D D D X X X X U
44 D D D D D D X X X X X X U U
45 D D D D D D X X U U U U U U
46 D D D D D D X D D D D D D X
47 D D D D D X X D D D D D X X
48 D D X X X X X D D X X X X X
49 D X X X X X X D X X X X X X
50 X U U U U U U X U U U U U U
51 X X U U U U U X X U U U U U
52 X X X U U U U X X X U U U U
53 X X X X U U U X X X X U U U
54 D D D D D X U D D D D D X U
55 D D X U U U U D D X U U U U
56 D X U U U U U D X U U U U U
57 D D D D X X U D D D D X X U
58 D D X X U U U D D X X U U U
59 D X X U U U U D X X U U U U
60 D X X X X X U D X X X X X U
61 D D X X X X U D D X X X X U
62 – 255 Reserved

5G Introduction 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.0.0 (2017-

 5G New Radio
Frame types

Frame layout : case of DL:UL = 8:2 (other patterns DL:UL 9:1, 7:3, 5:5)

PBCH downlink uplink PRACH

40 frames: 1 x PBCH, 1 x PRACH, 30 x PDSCH, 8x PUSCH

40 frames: 2 x PBCH, 2 x PRACH, 28 x PDSCH, 8x PUSCH

5G New Radio
Beamforming
time

The transmission of data (&

control information) to any
individual UE is done with
the help of the dedicated
narrowband beams.

Each individual beam is a signal limited in space (narrowband antenna), that is intended to reach the user
(or users) placed in the coverage zone of that specific beam but that is not visible to other users (it’s still
detected by others, but with low level)
5G New Radio
Beamforming - common channels coverage

The continuous coverage of the cell area is not

there any more. The problem is: how to provide
common control channels. These channels need
to be heard by all UEs in the coverage area of the
given cell.

The answer is: sweeping. At predefined amounts

of time, the same information is being sent
sequentially across al beams (e.g. MIB) – think
about a lighthouse for a real-world reference.
5G New Radio
Beamforming – Downlink and uplink
time

Downlink transmission,
followed by uplink
transmission. The switching
can be done on slot basis,
or on symbol basis

The TDD transmission mode means that there could be DL or UL frames at the same carrier frequency.
The DL and, respectively, UL scheduler will choose the beam direction that will be used during the
incoming TTI, according to the frame type (direction)
5G New Radio
PBCH & Synchronization Signal
PSS PBCH SSS
Note: subcarrier spacing for broadcast &
PBCH synchronization channels can be different from the
Synchronization subcarrier spacing for data channels
Sequence

240 subcarrier Above 6 GHz

127 subcarrier (20 PRBs) • Sub-carrier spacing (PDSCH, PUSCH): 120 KHz
• Sub-carrier spacing (PSS, PSS, PBCH): 240 KHz
Below 6 GHz
• Sub-carrier spacing (PDSCH, PUSCH): 30 KHz
48 Subcarrier • Sub-carrier spacing (PSS, PSS, PBCH): 30 KHz
(4 PRBs)

4 OFDM Higher subcarrier spacing = shorter symbol = more

symbols
slots (beams) in one subframe
5G New Radio
PBCH & Synchronization Signal
1 ms

Synchronization signal block – 4

symbols with sync signal

Synchronization signal burst – Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz: 14 symbols

sequence of SS blocks
SS blocks
Each burst uses different beam to
send the broadcast/synch to a
different area of the cell
Subcarrier spacing 30 kHz: 28 symbols SS Burst
SS burst periodicity: 10 ms, 20 ms

10 ms
5G New Radio
PBCH & Synchronization Signal - beams

Each SS burst delivers

sync and MIB to a
different cell
coverage area section

SS burst N SS burst N+1

Example: subcarrier spacing 30 kHz, 4 SS bursts in 10 ms period, 8 beams – 20 ms needed to sweep

entire cell area with synchronization and MIB
 5G New Radio
PRACH
DL SS burst
Physical Random Access Channel design needs to
take into account the beamforming principle. Specified
There is no continuous DL coverage with control amount of
channels, and equivalently, there is no always-on time
listening space for the common channels in the
uplink Uplink RA
message

The gNB periodically activates a receive beam

covering a specific zone of the cell coverage, to
receive Random Access messages from the UEs
that are present in that specific zone

The uplink RX beam activation is periodic and is The UE infers from the reception time of the
linked to the downlink SS burst periodicity downlink SS beam the exact time slot where the
RA message shall be sent (if needed)
 5G New Radio
PDCCH

PDCCH is used to transmit the scheduling information In 5G18 only 1

for both DL and UL transmission. symbol (#0) can be
allocated for
PDCCH
CCE (Control Channel Element) consists of 6 resource
element groups (REGs), each REG is one resource
block during one OFDM symbol AL = 2
CCE REG

PDCCH is transmitted using an aggregation level (AL)

of 1,2,4,8 contiguous or non-contiguous control ...
... ...
channel elements (CCE), which is called control
resource set (CORESET).

The starting OFDM symbol of a CORESET can be CORESET with 1 symbol CORESET with 2 symbols CORESET with 3 symbols

symbol #0, #1, or #2, in a slot. Aggregation level 2 = CORESET is made out of 2 CCEs
5G New Radio
PDSCH

PDSCH channel is used for downlink user data transmission.

The resources used by PDSCH are assigned individually to
each UE with the help of the DL grants (DCI)

A closed loop DMRS based spatial multiplexing is

supported for PDSCH. Up to 8 layer transmissions are
supported

Additionally, phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS)

associated with PDSCH are used, to allow for
compensation of the phase noise PDSCH DM-RS ports 1000, 1002
PDSCH DM-RS ports 1001, 1003

PDSCH PT-RS
PDSCH data
 5G New Radio
PUCCH Short PUCCH,
2 symbols
PUCCH carry HARQ ACK, CSI reports and SR
Two ways of transmissions are supported for PUCCH:
PUCCH DMRS
• Short PUCCH (1 or 2 symbols), formats 0 and 2
• Long PUCCH (4 to 14 symbols), formats 1, 3, 4

In frequency-domain, a PRB (or multiple contiguous PRBs) PUCCH symbols

is the minimum resource unit size for PUCCH
Short PUCCH is transmitted in the last transmitted UL
symbol(s) of a slot. The resources used for Long PUCCH are Long PUCCH,
configured by higher layer signaling, and indicated by DCI. 6 symbols

No single common set of PUCCH resources, each UE will

have its own individual set, although group configuration is
possible (with UE multiplexing)
 5G New Radio
PUSCH

PUSCH channel is used for uplink user data transmission.

The resources used by PUSCH are assigned individually to
each UE with the help of the UL grants. It is also possible to
configure semi-persistent uplink scheduling

A closed loop DMRS based spatial multiplexing is

supported for PUSCH. Up to 4 layer transmissions are
supported

Additionally, phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) PUSCH DM-RS ports 1000, 1002
associated with PUSCH are used, to allow for
compensation of the phase noise PUSCH DM-RS ports 1001, 1003

PUSCH PT-RS
PUSCH data
Session 2 : Proposed Date : August 2nd Week

• 5G gNB Architecture – Classical and Cloud Version

• 5G Cloud RAN Overview
• NFV Realization
• NR – Cell Access Functionality

Session 3 : Proposed Date : August 4th Week

• 5G Interworking with LTE
• 5G Radio Functionality and Performance Management
• 5G NR Scheduler
• 5G Power Control
• 5G NR Massive Mimo and Beamforming