Lesson 2:

The Discipline of Counseling

Part I. Learning Module Information

Content disciplines of counseling

Standards
demonstrate a high level of understanding of the basic concepts of
counseling through a group presentation of a situation in which
Performance
practitioners of counseling work together to assist individuals, groups, or
Standards
communities involved in difficult situations (e.g., post disaster, court
hearing about separation of celebrity couple, cyber bullying)
Most Essential identify the goals and scope of counseling
Learning
Competencies explain the principles of counseling
(MELC)
Duration Q1 Week 2

Part II. Learning Explorations

 Goals of Counseling

Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and Mitchell (2003), which are as
follows:

1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and development
including social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.

3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.

4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable development

5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different activities, etc.

6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing, thinking, and feeling is fine

7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills

8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health

9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning emotional control, and
developing positive self – concept.

The presented list of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement of the above goals.

Goal Description
Understanding of the origins and development of emotional
Insight difficulties , leading to an increased capacity to take rational control
over feelings and actions
Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and
Relating with others satisfying relationships with other people : for example , within the
family or workplace
Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been
Self- awareness blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how
self is perceived by others.
The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked by an
Self- acceptance ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had been the
subject of self- criticism and rejection
Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an
1Self – actualization
integration of previously conflicting parts of self.
Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual awakening
Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been
Problem- Solving able to resolve alone. Acquiring a general competence in problem –
solving
Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques with which to
Psychological education
understand and control behavior
Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills such as
Acquisition of Social Skills maintenance of eye contact , turn taking in conversations, assertive,
or anger control
The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or mal adaptive
Cognitive change
thought patterns associated with self- destructive behavior
The modification or replacement of maladaptive or self- destructive
Behavior change
patterns of behavior.
Systematic change Introducing change into the way in that social systems operate
Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and knowledge that will enable to
 client to take control of his or her own life
Restitution Helping the client to make amends for previous destructive behavior
Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for others and
Generality pass on knowledge and to contribute to the collective good through
political engagement

Scope of Counseling

The scope and field of counseling has widened as the human problems are wide in range. Broadly,
the scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital counseling, family
counseling, and community counseling.

INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING

•Adolescent identity, concerns, teen-parent relationships, peer relationships

•Anxiety
•Anger management
•Children’s concerns within the family unit, sibling relationships, school experiences, peer
relationships
•Depression
•Family of origin dynamics and issues
•Gender: identity, sexuality, homosexuality
•Relationships: personal and interpersonal dynamics
•Sexual abuse recovery
•Seniors: challenges, limitations, transitions
•Singles: single, newly single, single through divorce or being widowed
•Spirituality
•Stress management
•Workplace stress and relationships
•Young adult: identity, relationships, vocation

MARITAL AND PRE-MARITAL COUNSELLING

•Marital and relational dynamics

•Extended family relationships
•Fertility issues

FAMILY COUNSELLING

•Adolescent and child behaviors within family dynamics

•Adult children
•Divorce and separation issues and adjustment
•Family dynamics: estrangement, conflict, communication
•Family of origin / extended family issues

What did you learn?

1. What is the importance of counseling?

2. If you give a chance to become a counselor what are the characteristics do you think that a counselor
should have and why?

Part III. Assessment Tasks

Task 1 On each hand, write the words you remember that are related to counseling.

Task 2: I Need Help, Where Will I Go?

Direction: Answer the question below.

If something is bothering about life matters: academics, relationships, family, identity, and financial
concerns, with whom do you share your problem? Will you pursue formal help or a non-formal help?
Why or why not? Explain your answer.

________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

Part IV. Internet Links

McLeod, 2003
http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/4757-15
Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences, Phoenix Publishing House, Authors: Arleigh Ross D. Dela
Cruz,PhD
An Animated Introduction to Social Science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DSIdsTSG2Gg
The Social Sciences: An Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDvDCSCkq38