Chemistry

Worksheet

Chapter 6

Solutions
 Multiple Choice Questions
1. In the mixture of air, which of the following is solvent?
(a) N2 (b) O2 (c) CO2 (d) Rare Gases

2. Aqua means:
(a) Water (b) Alcohol (c) Milk (d) Tea

3. A solution in which water is solvent is called:

(a) Aqueous (b) Dilute (c) Saturated (d) Concentrated

4. Physical state of a solution is same as that for:

(a) Solvent (b) Solute (c) Solid (d) Liquid

5. Which of the following is soluble in water?

(a) Air (b) Oxygen (c) Carbon Dioxide (d) All of these

6. Carbonated drinks contains:

(a) CO2 (b) N2 (c) O2 (d) H2

7. Vegetable oil is converted into vegetable ghee by passing _____ gas.

(a) H2 (b) O2 (c) CO2 (d) N2

8. During the conversion of vegetable oil into vegetable ghee _____ is used as catalyst.
(a) Ni (b) Zn (c) Co (d) Fe

9. During the manufacture of vegetable ghee, Ni adsorb _____ on its surface.

(a) H2 (b) O2 (c) CO2 (d) N2

10. Which of the following solution is an example of liquid solute and gaseous solvent?
(a) Fog (b) Mist (c) Clouds (d) All of these

11. Rectified spirit is 95% _____ of ethyl alcohol.

(a) v/v (b) v/m (c) m/v (d) m/m

12. _____ is the only liquid metal at room temperature.

(a) Hg (b) Cu (c) Zn (d) Na

13. A solution of any metal in _____ is called amalgam.

(a) Hg (b) Cu (c) Zn (d) Na

14. _____ is a common component of well water.

(a) Sugar (b) NaCl (c) CO2 (d) Limestone
15. A saline solution is labelled as 0.85% _____ of NaCl.
(a) m/v (b) m/m (c) v/m (d) v/v

16. _____ is added to gold for making jewellery.

(a) Cu (b) Fe (c) Al (d) Zn

17. Deep sea divers use a breathing mixture of oxygen and:

(a) He (b) Ne (c) Kr (d) Rn

18. Which of the following does not dissolve in water?

(a) Methanol (b) Glucose (c) NaCl (d) Gasoline and Oil

19. Which of the following is soluble?

(a) Water and Methanol (b) Water and Glucose
(b) Gasoline and Oil (d) All of these

20. In water, solubility of NaCl is _____ than glucose.

(a) Greater (b) Lesser (c) Equal (d) None of these

21. A solution whose concentration is known:

(a) Dilute (b) Standard (c) Binary (d) Aqueous

22. Colloidal solution can also be called:

(a) Sol (b) Suspension (c) Saturated (d) True solution

23. A homogeneous mixture of only two substances is called:

(a) Binary (b) Dilute (c) Aqueous (d) Suspension
 Question Answers
Q1. Why solutions are important for us?
 We encounter many substances in our daily life such as soft drinks, juices, beverages,
vinegar are all solutions.
 Commercial products window cleaners, sanitary cleaners, shampoo, petrol, natural
gas, diesel, kerosene are also solutions.
 Most medicines like cough syrup and many others are dispensed in solution form.
 Most of the chemical reactions that take place in the bodies of living organisms occur
in aqueous solutions.
 Brass, steel, German silver are solid solutions. These solutions are widely used for
making cooking utensils, surgical tools, cutlery, musical instruments, buses, cars,
trains and many other objects.
 Parts of aeroplane are made of solid solutions of metals such as aluminium and
magnesium.
 Dental fillings are liquid solutions of metals in mercury.
 Gold is a solid solution containing copper.
 The air we breathe is a gaseous solution.
 The water we use for drinking, cooking and washing is a solution of dissolved gasses
and many minerals that are essential for our health.

Q2. What is aqueous solution?

A solution in which water is solvent is called an aqueous solution.
Example: Sugar/Salt dissolved in water.

Q3. What are non-aqueous solutions?

A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which water is not the solvent.
Example: A solid solution is a solution in which a solid is the solvent.

Q4. How can we prepare a saturated solution?

 Take some amount of solvent in a beaker.
 Add solute in it.
 Stir it.
 The solute will dissolve.
 Repeat the process until the solute starts settling down at the bottom of the beaker.
 Filter the solution to separate the undissolved solute.
 The resulting solution will be a saturated one.
 Keep in mind that the temperature throughout the process should remain constant.

Q5. How can we prepare a supersaturated solution?

 Take some amount of solvent in a beaker.
 Add solute in it.
  Stir it.
 The solute will dissolve.
 Repeat the process until the solute starts settling down at the bottom of the beaker.
 Now heat the solution.
 Stir it and add more solute.
 It will again dissolve.
 Repeat the process until the solute starts settling down at the bottom of the beaker.
 The resulting solution will be a supersaturated one.

Q6. Why is it important to keep the temperature constant while preparing an unsaturated or
saturated solution?
It is important to keep the temperature constant while preparing an unsaturated or saturated
solution because a slight variation in the temperature can change the solubility of solute in a
solvent.

Q7. How can we differentiate between a saturated and a supersaturated solution?

A supersaturated solution is not stable in the presence of crystals of solute. If you add a
crystal of solute to its saturated solution, it will simply drop to the bottom, without
dissolving. But if you add a crystal of solute to its supersaturated solution, crystallization
will start. When crystallization has finished, you will have a saturated solution in presence of
solute crystals.

Q8. What do you mean by dilution of solution?

Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually
simply by mixing with more solvent, for example, adding more water to a sugar solution. To
dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute.

Q9. How is vegetable ghee prepared?

Vegetable oil is converted into vegetable ghee by passing H2 gas through the oil. Finely
divided Ni is used as catalyst. Ni accelerates this process by adsorbing H2 gas on its surface.

Q10. What is a catalyst?

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction / speeds up the reaction without
itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. It can be recovered at the end of the
chemical reaction.

Q11. Describe the role of ozone in atmosphere.

Ozone is found in the upper atmosphere. It has an important biological function. It prevents
most of sun’s ultraviolet radiations from reaching the earth surface. Ultraviolet radiation
causes changes in the structure of the genetic material, like DNA. Long exposure to this
radiation can cause cancer.
Q12. What is amalgam?
The metal Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. It dissolves a
number of metals. A solution of any metal in mercury is called an amalgam.

Q13. Why silver and tin amalgams are used for making dental fillings?
Silver and Tin amalgams are widely used to make dental filling. When Ag or Sn is dissolved
in Hg, it forms a semi solid amalgam that can be shaped to fill a cavity. On standing, it forms
a hard solid and expands slightly. Therefore, it tightly fits within the cavity.

Q14. Why pure gold cannot be used to make jewellery?

Pure gold is very soft, therefore cannot be used for making jewellery. To make it harder,
copper is added to the gold. This produces a solid solution of gold that melts at lower
temperature than pure gold. Therefore, it is easier to cast.

Q15. Describe importance of alloys on commercial scale.

 Brass (80% copper and 20% zinc), Steel (alloy of iron, carbon and silicon), German
silver are solid solutions. These solutions are widely used for making cooking utensils,
surgical tools, cutlery, musical instruments, buses, cars, trains and many other objects.
 Parts of aeroplane are made of solid solutions of metals such as aluminium and
magnesium.
 Dental fillings are liquid solutions of metals in mercury.
 Gold is a solid solution containing copper, used for making jewellery.

Q16. What is a saline solution?

Saline solution is a mixture of 0.85g sodium chloride in sufficient water to make 100cm3
solution. It is represented as 0.85% m/v NaCl solution. It is given to a person suffering from
dehydration.

Q17. What is the percentage and molarity of commercially available acids?

Sr. No. Name Formula Percentage Molarity
1 Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 98% 18M
2 Hydrochloric Acid HCl 37% 12.1M
3 Acetic acid CH3COOH 99.5% 17.8M

Q18. What is a dilute and concentrated solution?

A dilute solution is the one that contains relatively lesser amount of solute dissolved in a
solvent while a concentrated solution is the one that contains relatively greater amount of
solute dissolved in a solvent.

Q19. How can we dilute a concentrated solution?

In order to dilute a concentrated solution, we can simply add more solvent to the solution.
Q20. How can we concentrate a dilute solution?
In order to concentrate a dilute solution,
 We can either add more solute to the solution
 Or we can heat the solution in order to evaporate the solvent so that its quantity can be
reduced.

Q21. Write equation for the dilution of solution.

M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 = molarity of stock solution (given solution)
V1 = volume of stock solution (given solution)
M2 = molarity of required solution
V2 = volume of required solution

Q22. Define binary solution.

A solution which consist of only two substances is called binary solution. For example, sugar
solution.

Q23. Define solvated ions.

Ions surrounded by the solvent molecules in a solution are known as solvated ions.

Q24. What are hydrated ions?

Ions of solute surrounded by the water molecules are called hydrated ions.

Q25. Why medicine bottles should be shaken before use?

The medicine bottle should be shaken before use to produce a suspension, so that the solid is
evenly spread throughout the bottle and patient takes the correct amount of the medicine.

Q26. Write properties and uses of the following compounds.

Sr. No. Name Formula Properties Uses

As fertilizer and starting

1 Urea NH2CONH2 White solid
material of synthetic plastic
When it is dissolved in
water, it forms a bright
Potassium Dark blue-black
2 KMnO4 purple solution. It is used as
Permanganate compound
disinfectant in water tanks.
Also known as pinky.
Potassium Used in making matches and
3 KClO3 White solid
Chlorate dyes.
It is a strong oxidizing agent
Potassium Red-orange
4 K2Cr2O7 and is used in the estimation
Dichromate compound
of iron content in ores.
 Used in manufacturing of
Potassium
5 KOH ----- shaving creams, paints and
Hydroxide
varnish.
Used to neutralize acids and
Sodium
6 NaOH ----- in the preparation of soaps
Hydroxide
and rayon.

Q27. Determine the solubility of the following in 100g of water.

Sr. No. Name Formula Temperature Solubility

1 Sodium Chloride NaCl Room Temperature 35.7g

2 Sodium Thiosulphate Na2S2O3 Room Temperature 50g

3 Potassium Chloride KCl 20℃ 34.7g

4 Potassium Chloride KCl 100℃ 56.7g

5 Sodium Acetate CH3COONa 0℃ 119g

6 Sodium Acetate CH3COONa 100℃ 170g

7 Potassium Bromide KBr 45℃ 80g

Note:
 Solubility of ionic compounds increases with the increase in temperature.
 Solubility of Na2SO4 decrease with increase in temperature.
 Solubility of air in water decreases with increasing temperature.