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DJJ30093 Chapter 2

This chapter discusses force vectors including: 1) Adding forces using the parallelogram law and triangle construction. 2) Resolving forces into rectangular components in 2D and 3D using scalar (x,y,z) and Cartesian (i,j,k) notation. 3) Determining the magnitude and direction of the resultant force vector. The learning outcomes cover distinguishing scalars from vectors, vector operations, rectangular components, adding coplanar forces, and position vectors.

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Sushantan Subramanyam
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938 views42 pages

DJJ30093 Chapter 2

This chapter discusses force vectors including: 1) Adding forces using the parallelogram law and triangle construction. 2) Resolving forces into rectangular components in 2D and 3D using scalar (x,y,z) and Cartesian (i,j,k) notation. 3) Determining the magnitude and direction of the resultant force vector. The learning outcomes cover distinguishing scalars from vectors, vector operations, rectangular components, adding coplanar forces, and position vectors.

Uploaded by

Sushantan Subramanyam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DJJ 30093

ENGINEERING MECHANICS

CHAPTER 2
FORCE VECTOR
NORIDA BINTI MOHAMMAD NOOR
LECTURER
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR
019-4866275
This chapter will explain and show how to add forces and resolve them into components using the
parallelogram law, then it will guide how to express force and position vector form and explain how to
determine the vector’s magnitude and direction in 2D and 3D condition.

LEARNING OUTCOME

2.1 Distinguish scalars and vector.


2.2 Explain vectors and vector operation.
2.3 Explain Rectangular components.
2.4 Determine the resultant force of coplanar forces by addition.
2.5 Explain position vectors and x, y, z coordinates.
2.6 Analyze the force vector directed along the line.
SCALAR VECTOR

• Any positive or negative physical • Any physical quantity that


quantity that can be completely requires both magnitude and a
specified by its magnitude direction
• For example; mass, volume and • For example; mass, volume and
length. length.
SOLVING FORCE VECTOR

• PARALLELOGRAM RULE
• TRIANGLE CONSTRUCTION
• RECTANGULAR COMPONENT (2D OR 3D)
• SCALAR NOTATION (x,y or x,y,z)
• CARTESIAN NOTATION (i,j or i,j,k)
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES

i. Parallelogram Law

A • COSINE
A A
R SOLVE LAW
B B • SIN RULE
B
R=A+B
(parallelogram law)
VECTOR SUBTRACTION

Parallelogram Law

A
Parallel line of - B
• COSINE
SOLVE LAW
R
A • SIN RULE
-B
B
R=A-B
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES

Triangle Construction

• COSINE
A
SOLVE LAW
A
• SIN RULE
R

B R=A+B
(triangle rule)
VECTOR SUBTRACTION

i. Triangle Construction

A
-B
• COSINE
SOLVE LAW
R A • SIN RULE
B R=A-B
(triangle rule)
Maths Revision
Exercise 1
Step 1: Draw Free Body Diagram
Exercise 1

Measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis


Step 1: Draw Free Body Diagram
RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS (2D)
SCALAR NOTATION (2D)

F F = Fx + Fy
Fy

Fx= F cos θ, Fy= F sin θ


θ x
Fx
Exercise 3
Step 1: Draw Free Body Diagram
Exercise 4
Step 1: Draw Free Body Diagram 𝐹𝑥 =

𝐹𝑦 =

𝐹𝑟 = 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐹𝑦 2

𝐹𝑦
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝐹𝑥
CARTESIAN NOTATION (2D)

Can express as a Cartesian vector:

F = Fx i + Fy j
F2 F2y F1y F1 Cartesian vector:
F2x F1x F1 = F1x i + F1y j
F3x
F2 = - F2x i + F2y j
F3y
F3 = F3x i - F3y j
F3
The vector resultant :
FR = F 1 + F 2 + F 3 FRy
FR = ( F1x i + F1y j) + (-F2x i + F2y j) + (F3x i - F3y j)
FR = (F1x - F2x - F3x ) i + (F1y + F2y - F3y ) j θ x
FRx
FR = (FRx ) i + (FRy ) j
Magnitude of Force Resultant:
FR = √(FRx)2 +(FRy )2

So, FRx = Ʃ Fx FRy = Ʃ Fy Direction of Force Resultant,


−𝟏 FRy
θ = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( )
FR𝑿
Exercise 4
Step 1: Draw Free Body Diagram
Exercise 5
Right Handed Coordinate System
RECTANGULAR COMPONENT OF A VECTOR (3D)

A = Ax+ Ay + Az
CARTESIAN UNIT VECTOR (3D)
Exercise 1
42

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