CONSTRUCTON METHODS AND OPERATIONS

CONSTRUCTION

Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from

manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without
a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client.
Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of
developed countries. Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines.
An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer,
construction engineer or project manager supervises it. For the successful execution of a project,
effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure
in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the
successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of
building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and
bidding, etc. The largest construction projects are referred to as mega projects.

CONSTRUCTION METHODS

1. Surveying 11. Slabs

2. Clearing 12. Wall

3. Framing 13. Electrical/Mechanical

4. Signages 14. Plumbing

5. Mobilization 15. Finishing/Partisions

6. Layout 16. Tapping off/Roof Deck

7. Excavation 17. Painting

8. Footing 18. Power supply

9. Columns 19. Testing

10. Beams 20. Demobilization

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

1. Building Construction

2. Infrastructure

3. Industrial

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

➢ Building construction is usually further divided into residential and non-residential

(commercial/institutional). Building construction is the process of adding structure to real
property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small
renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of
the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project. Although
building construction projects typically include various common elements, such as design,
financial, estimating and legal considerations, many projects of varying sizes reach
undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation.

INFRASTRUCTURE

➢ Infrastructure is often called heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering. It includes

large public works, dams, bridges, highways, water/wastewater and utility distribution.

INDUSTRIAL

➢ Industrial includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing
plants. There are other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets.

MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION MMC)

The concrete industry embraces innovation and modern methods of construction (MMC) by
offering concrete solutions which can be used to reduce construction time and promote sustainable
development, as well as offering cost savings.
PRECAST FLAT PANEL SYSTEM

➢ Floor and wall units are produced off-site in a factory and erected on-site to form robust
structures, ideal for all repetitive cellular projects. Panel scan include services, windows,
doors and finishes. Building envelope panels with factory fitted insulation and decorative
cladding can also be used as load-bearing elements. This offers factory quality and
accuracy, together with speed of erection on-site.

3D VOLUMETRIC CONSTRUCTION

➢ 3d volumetric construction (also known as modular construction) involves the production

of three-dimensional units in controlled factory conditions prior to transportation to site.
➢ Modules can be brought to site in a variety of forms, ranging from a basic structure to one
with all internal and external finishes and services installed, all ready for assembly. The
casting of modules uses the benefits of factory conditions to create service-intensive units
where a high degree of repetition and a need for rapid assembly on-site make its use highly
desirable.
➢ This modern method of construction offers the inherent benefits of concrete, such as
thermal mass, sound and fire resistance, as well as offering factory quality and accuracy,
together with specifications-site.

TUNNEL FORM

➢ tunnel form is a form work system that allows the contractor to build monolithic walls and
slabs in one operation on a daily cycle. it combines the speed, quality and accuracy of
factory/off site produced ready-mix concrete and formwork with the flexibility and
economy of cast in-site construction.
➢ this fast-track method of construction is suitable for repetitive cellular projects, such as
hotels, apartment blocks and student accommodation. it offers economy, speed, quality
and accuracy, as well as utilizing the inherent benefits of concrete, such as fire and sound
resistance.
HYBRID CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

➢ Hybrid concrete construction (HCC) combines all the benefits of pre-casting with the
advantages of cast in-situ construction. Combining the two, as a hybrid frame, results in
even greater construction speed, quality and overall economy. HCC can answer client
demands for lower costs and higher quality by providing simple, buildable and competitive
structures that offer consistent performance and quality.

THIN JOINT MASONRY

➢ Thin joint masonry allows the depth of the mortar to be reduced from 10mm to just
3mmorless, resulting in faster laying and improved productivity, particularly on long runs
of walling. Construction speed can be further increased by some 13.5 percent using large-
format concrete blocks, which have a face size equivalent to two traditional concrete
blocks. The mortar cures rapidly, achieving full bond strength within one to two hours,
eliminating the problem of 'floating' therefore enabling more courses to be laid per day.

INSULATING CONCRETE FORMWORK

➢ Insulating concrete formwork (ICF) systems consist of twin-walled, expanded polystyrene

panels or blocks that are quickly built up to create formwork for the walls of a building.
This formwork is then filled with factory produced quality assured, ready-mixed concrete
to create a robust structure. The expanded polystyrene blocks remain to provide high levels
of thermal insulation and the concrete core provides robustness and good levels of sound
insulation.

PRECAST FOUNDATIONS

➢ Precast concrete systems can be used to rapidly construct foundations. The elements are
usually to a be spoke design and cast in a factory environment, giving assured quality for
the finished product. The foundations are often supported by concrete piles.
➢ These systems improve productivity, especially in adverse weather conditions, and reduces
the amount of excavation required - particularly advantageous when dealing with
contaminated ground.
CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS

Currently 3d-modelling is the trend in the simulation area. However, developing 3d models of
construction operations is very complex and time consuming. In general, the study of construction
operations requires a tool that provides solutions without requiring the input of copious amounts
of data. In order for a construction company to use a simulation tool, the methodology has to be
presented in a very simple and graphical context. Pictorial and schematic tools are easily accepted.

PROSIDYC

Prosidyc is a system for simulating construction operations jointly developed by the planning and
methods unit of Dragados y construction, Madrid, Spain and the division of construction
engineering & management at Purdue university. It is a computer-based system analyzing
construction job site production processes .it is used to improve productivity in the field by
studying resource utilization and cycle times identifying opportunities for production
improvement.

HIERARCHICAL LEVELS IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

1) ORGANIZATIONAL - company structure and business focus, head office and field functions,
portfolio of projects, gross project attributes. Project-project definition, contract, drawings,
specifications, cost, time, breakdown into project activities.

2) ACTIVITY - attainment of physical segment of project equated to time and cost control.

3) OPERATION - construction method focus. Means of achieving construction complete.

4) PROCESS - basic technological sequence focus, logical collection of work tasks and recognizable
potion of construction operation.

5) WORK TASK - fundamental field action and work unit focus, skill at crew member level and basis
of work assignment to labor.
BUILDING PROCESS MODELS

The relative sequence and logic of the work tasks and processes that make up construction
operation constitute the technological structure of the operation. The modeling elements can be
used in a variety of patterns to model construction operations.

REFERENCE LINK:

https://www.scribd.com/document/526624088/Construction-Methods-and-
Operations?fbclid=IwAR2ryF4HFe6E-EBD1CHtcU-0TVhPiYSvKYQSba2egfOqH6gcMjcNOveke24

Submitted by: Group 5 BSCE – 4A

Members:

Louwilla A. Diamante

Jess Kineth Dizon

Maria Nicole Galit