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Freedom and Moral Act: Sense of Right and Wrong. They Are Not Moral Beings Like Humans

This document discusses several modules related to morality, culture, and the Filipino culture. It addresses how freedom allows humans to be morally accountable, defines culture and the differences between nature vs nurture. It also discusses cultural relativism and how it is different from having a cultural perspective. Finally, it provides examples of strengths and weaknesses that can be seen in Filipino culture.

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Kleo Ortiz
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240 views

Freedom and Moral Act: Sense of Right and Wrong. They Are Not Moral Beings Like Humans

This document discusses several modules related to morality, culture, and the Filipino culture. It addresses how freedom allows humans to be morally accountable, defines culture and the differences between nature vs nurture. It also discusses cultural relativism and how it is different from having a cultural perspective. Finally, it provides examples of strengths and weaknesses that can be seen in Filipino culture.

Uploaded by

Kleo Ortiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 4: Freedom and Moral Act

• Animals cannot be held accountable for their actions because they have no
sense of right and wrong. They are not moral beings like humans.
• Freedom is the foundation of a moral act.
• This means that as humans, we are morally responsible for the consequences of
our choices because of freedom
• We cannot be held morally accountable, if our action did not come from having the
freedom to make a moral choice. Meaning, our action cannot be considered moral
or immoral without the freedom to choose.
• Since free will is an INTRINSIC characteristic of human beings, our choices always
presuppose freedom that makes us ACCOUNTABLE for each one of them. In
other words, because of freedom, we are free to make choices that make us
responsible for the consequences of our action, unlike our furry household pets.

Example: A robot that is pre-programed in all its actions cannot be held morally
accountable because it does not act out of its own volition. Very much like our pets or
animals that act out of instincts instead of free will. Freedom is what makes an act moral
or immoral, because conscious reasoning and decision are involved.

MODULE 5: Culture and Moral Behavior

• SOCIETY is composed of groups of people, and where there is society, there is


culture, as produced by humans in a society.
• CULTURE is a complex combination of beliefs, customs, morals, habits and other
capabilities acquired by man as members of society. Anything created by man as
part of society is part of culture.
• Culture is created by man in the process of interaction in a Society.
TWO TYPES OF CULTURE

• MATERIAL CULTURE (Tangible) - includes every physical object that society


produces – like tools, artworks, buildings, toys, car, computers, cellphones,
houses, etc.
• NON-MATERIAL CULTURE(Intangible) – refers to language, moral values, laws
or rules, knowledge, traditions, and other non-physical concepts within society.

NATURE- is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and


other biological factors.

NURTURE- is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception,


e.g., the product of exposure, life experiences and learning on an individual.

1. Enculturation – is the process of learning from birth until death, all the components of
life in one’s culture. Mainly, everything we absorb from infancy, as our parents teach us,
and what we observe growing up along the way.

Example: how we eat, talk, dress, relate to others, our way of life.

2. Inculturation – making the Gospel take root in a culture and is transformed as culture
is introduced to Christianity. This is definitely a term used in evangelization where a
culture is change by spreading the truth of the Gospel.

Example: Missionary effort done by the Spain and America in spreading Christianity in
the Philippines.

3. Acculturation – is the acquisition of new traits from another culture without losing the
older culture.

Example: OFWs acquiring the way of life in the country where they work while not
forgetting their own culture as Filipinos, but combining the two cultures together.
MODULE 6: Cultural Relativism

• RELATIVISM is a belief or perspective that says, there is no absolute truth, there


is no one standard of right and wrong, good or bad, because they all change
(relative) depending upon a person’s or group’s point of view or opinion.
• CULTURAL RELATIVISM is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary
from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really “better”
than any other.
• “What you believe, value or practice depends on your culture while what I believe,
value or practice depends on my culture” (Ruben and Brenda Corpuz)

Cultural Relativism vs. Cultural Perspective

• A PERSPECTIVE is a standpoint or viewpoint where you try to look or appreciate


something for your own understanding.
• CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE holds that, in trying to understand other people or
another culture, you need to see them from the perspective of your own
culture. Very much like looking at a building from different vantage point from your
own perspective in order to comprehend and appreciate the structure.
• CULTURAL RELATIVISM goes beyond the need to understand other cultures
from one’s perspective and says, that we cannot judge the moral of other culture,
regardless. By going to this extreme, Cultural Relativism has obliterated any kind
of standard that makes it impossible to establish one universal standard that
determines right from wrong regardless of culture.

NOTE: In the process, Cultural Relativism has rendered any discussion concerning
culture meaningless, since no one is in a position to say anything about anyone. In the
end, Cultural Relativism contradicts itself, in that while claiming there is no absolute
truth, it is imposing an absolute pronouncement that we all must accept and follow. In
short, the statement “there is no absolute truth”, is an absolute truth and is therefore, self-
defeating statement.
MODULE 7: Filipino Culture
FILIPINO CHARACTERISTICS STRENGTH (Examples)

• Pakikipag Kapwa Tao


• Family Orientation
• Joy and Humor
• Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity
• Hard Work
• Faith and Religiosity
• Ability to Survive

FILIPINO CHARACTERISTICS STRENGTH (Examples)

• Extreme Personalism
• Extreme Family Centeredness
• Lack of Discipline
• Passivity and Lack Initiative
• Colonial Mentality
• Kanya Kanya Syndrome
• Lack of Self-Analysis

NOTE: All of the positive character of Filipinos can lead to negative too.

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