RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 1

LEARNING MODULE MELC BASED

FIRST BATCH
MODULE 1
August 16-August 20, 2021

RHOCHELLE JHOYE P, CATUBAY

HUMSS-11 ONYX

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 Name of Student

LEARNING DESIGN
The design of this course is C. A. R. E. Each letter represents the parts of the parts of the
module to guide you on the flow of the lesson.

Christ First (DEVOTIONAL)

This part contains the short readings that remind you on how to connect to God.

Acquire Knowledge (EXPLORE/FIRM-UP)

Here you will learn everything about the lesson. Contents from different sources were summarized for easy
understanding.

Rcady-To-Go (DEEPEN)
This portion will measure your understanding of the lesson. Activities were given to see if you’ve got
something from what you have read and heard from the virtual lectures.

Execute (TRANSFER)
You are going to apply and transfer your understanding of the lesson in this part. This is to evaluate on how
far you’ve reached from your study. Here, you are going to perform the task according to the given
performance standard.

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 CHRIST FIRST

Matthew 6:33
New International Version
33 
But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.
Before you are going to open this module, reflect on the text given above.
Question:
Why do you need to seek God first?
If you do, are you convinced that everything comes from Him?
Reflect on those questions.

Let’s seek God through prayer as you start reading and answering your module.
Our Great God, dear Heavenly Father, our guide and source of knowledge and wisdom, we would like to
ask forgiveness for all the sins that we have committed against you in thoughts, in deeds and in words so that
we will be worthy to call upon your name. Lord, thank you for the many blessings you’ve given to us. Thank
you also for the short reminder that in everything we do, we need to seek you first and everything will be added
unto us. Please be with us today as we start our activities and as we begin answering our modules. Give us
knowledge and wisdom that we need in order for us to understand the lessons that we are going to read and
answer. Bless also all our family members, teachers and fellow students. In Jesus name we pray. Amen.

Module 1 (covers Unit 1 and Unit 2)

UNIT 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research

Introduction
“What I need to know every day is, I encountered various problems in any facets of life be it social,
political, environmental and personal. It may link between persons, groups or an organization. In this
case, there must be a solution not only to resolve it but can be a progress that everybody benefited from
it. As a learner how can you find a solution to these problems that is based on knowledge not on
ordinary beliefs, predictions or theories? You need to have this knowledge through organized and well-
planned procedures that are accurate and useful. Thus you need to do research. Research is asking what
you know and think. It helps us to inquire on the right information. It is of great importance to man in
everyday life. The quality of man’s life is improved through research making it easier and valuable from
simple to modern. Research develops you to an attitude to not believe everything easily available and
seek for truth - Research sharpens our mind to give a judicious vision to look. It is a catalyst in solving
complex issues in different sectors including health, communications, business and the environment”
(Baraceros, 2016)
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A. Learning Outcomes Content Standard

The learner demonstrates understanding of the importance of research in daily life, the characteristics, processes
and the ethics of research, the difference between quantitative and qualitative research and the kinds of research
across fields.

Performance Standard

Use appropriate kinds of research in decision-making

The learner is able to decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest.

Learners will be able to provide examples of research in different areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports,
science, information and communication technology and social inquiry). Performance Standard:

The learner is able to decide on suitable qualitative research in different areas of interest

Learning Competencies

The learner…

LO. 1 Shares research experiences and knowledge

LO. 2 Explains the importance of research in daily life
LO. 3 Describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research
LO. 4 Differentiates quantitative from qualitative research
LO. 5 describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research.
LO. 6 illustrates the importance of Qualitative research across fields

LO. 7 Provides examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities, sports, science, business, agriculture
and fisheries, information and communication technology, and social inquiry)

Essential Understanding
Learners will understand that the concepts of inquiry and research have wide applications in real life and are
useful tools to develop critical thinking and problem solving skills.

Essential Question
How does nature of inquiry and research facilitate in finding solutions to real-life problems and develop critical thinking
skills?

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 ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE
Begin your lesson with a story of inquiry experience: Follow this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=CWnsxkfoQHo

Process questions:
1. How did you find the story?
2. Are you inspired? How?
3. Are you discouraged? Why?
4. Why others succeeded and why others not?

Anticipations/Reactions after watching the video:

Before, I thought......
Now, I realized…..

Pre Test (to determine the knowledge of the learners about the topic)

What I know?

Direction:
A. Read the following statements. Answer TRUE if the statement describes a research, FALSE if you think
it is not. Write your answers on the blank.
_1.There should be adequate data before conducting a research.
_2.To have an objective view of his or her study, the researcher should avoid listening to another
researcher.
_3.A researcher must read literature that relates to the problem he or she is studying.
_4.An opinion from any person is recognized and considered as an answer to the question asked by the
researcher.
_5.The researcher has the final say in his findings.

B. Underline the words in the box that are related to the definition of research.

biases Instrument Theories factual investigation

intuition discovery System subjective Interview
dreams experiences Data phenomena guessing
productivity Drama Validate opinions Literature

C. Using the words underlined, formulate your own definition of research. Use the blanks
provided.

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This set of questions presented in the pre-test are extracted from the work of Cristobal, A.P. & Cristobal, M.D. (2016).Practical
Research 1 for Senior High School. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City.

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Taken from SHS Practical 1 Leaning Module 1 of Department of Education (action.deped.gov.ph)

LESSON 1: Inquiry
Vocabulary time: (We need more words to construct a sentence, form a paragraph and produce a Research
Paper)

ask

query investigate

Inquire

question interogate

inquest

Use the given word in a sentence after reading its meaning.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________.

Guarantee

authorizes secures

warrants promises assures

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Use guarantee in a sentence after reading its meaning.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________.

needede

necessary Crucial important

substantial

Use the word crucial in a sentence:

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________.

What do you need to know?

Nature of Inquiry. (Lichman,G.,2013)

1. Inquiry is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”. It is a problem

solving technique.
2. The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the
different human senses.
3. Individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death.
4. Inquiry is synonymous with the word investigation.
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Focus on Research: a Guide to Developing Students ‘Research Skills (1990).Alberta. Canada.
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Taken from SHS Practical 1 Leaning Module 1 of Department of Education (action.deped.gov.ph)

INQUIRY
Is defined as the ”quest for truth, information, or knowledge through questioning”. (How People Learn

“,1999)

The process of inquiry is a continuous cycle; it starts with a person’s birth until his death.

Inquiry may be applied to all areas or disciplines,

Questioning and search for answers are important parts of Inquiry.

IMPORTANCE OF INQUIRY

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 “Data flooded the internet, which makes information easily accessible and readily available to researchers but data could
be changed in a minute. The learners need information accumulation and move toward application of useful and relevant
knowledge. For example, it is not enough that the government agencies collect the data of the disaster stricken provinces affected
by the typhoon. The concerned government officials will do something to utilize the data collected to address the needs of the
affected families. By this, information collected becomes an aid to the solution of the problem. Through inquiry, individual will
understand better the world. Inquiry implies a “need or want to know” premise. (Uy et al., 2016)

“Inquiry is not so much seeking the right answer—because often there is none—but rather seeking appropriate resolutions
to questions and issues. For educators, inquiry implies emphasis on the development of inquiry skills and the nurturing of inquiring
attitudes or habits of mind that will enable individuals to continue the quest for knowledge throughout life”. (Excline, 2004)

Follow this link to understand better the importance of inquiry: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdYev6MXTOA

INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

“Inquiry and research are two terms that are almost the same in meaning. Both involve investigation in which you seek
information about something by searching or examining the object of your search. Inquiry is to look for information by asking
various questions about the thing you are curious about while Research is to discover truths by investigating on your chosen topic
scientifically. (Baraceros, 2019)

READY TO GO
Let’s see if you have learned something from our lesson by answering the given activity:

Direction: Write at least 5 questions that may be asked by the following people to their respective clients.

1. Teacher to Parent or Student

1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Call Center Agent to Client

1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. Doctor to Patient
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________.

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 3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. __________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. __________________________________________________________________________________________.

4. Lawyer to Witness
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________.

EXECUTE
Let’s apply what you have learned by doing the activity given below.

ROLE PLAY

Direction: Choose a topic you are interested in. Prepare at least 5 questions on what information you want
to know about your topic. Find somebody to be your partner/interviewee. Record your activity through a
video and send it to your teacher via messenger.

Integration of Faith and Learning

Inquiry is very important to know more about something that you want to know. According to the
definition stated above it is a problem solving technique. In our lives, as we continue to journey in this world,
we need to inquire to find the truth. According to Matthew 7:8 English Standard Version 8 For everyone who
asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened. Therefore, inquiry is
beneficial in all aspects of our lives

LESSON 2: Nature of Research

Vocabulary time:
Absolute Pure, complete

Abstract Theoretical, not concrete, intangible

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Portrayal Painting or describing a thing clearly

Adopt To take a thing as one’s own

Hallmark A sign or mark of genuineness

Perspective A view or understanding of something

Hone Improve, enhance

Superb Extra great

Ins and outs Nature, characteristics

Trigger To cause or bring about

Picture Analysis: Examine the given scenic places. Which place interest you the most? Using the newly learned words above
describe the place that you’ve chosen. Write it on the space provided below the given pictures.

Follow link to know about them:

https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/most-beautiful-places-in-the-philippines/

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________.

CHRIST FIRST
Proverbs 18:13 ESV

If one gives an answer before he hears, it is his folly and shame.

Question:

Why do you need to listen first?

What is the consequence if you answer without knowing the truth first?
Reflect on those questions and write it on the space provided below:

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.
Whisper a short prayer and ask God to guide you in your decision today.
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INTRODUCTION

“In your junior high school, you learned that research is essential knowing that it is used
in your daily life. It will enable you for inquiry and research in finding solutions to problems
especially in real life situations. Sharing your experiences and knowledge on the importance of
research develops your skills to think critically and relate it in every decision you do”.
(actiondeped.gov.ph)

What is it?

Discussion:
You just learned the importance of research in daily life. Answer the following questions
briefly on the blanks provided.
1. Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research? Share and
describe your experiences .What are your challenges and difficulties?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

2. As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily life? Write your answer in
the boxbelow:

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 What’s more?

Direction: What makes these images a portrayal of what research is? Write your reflection on the right
space of the image.

1.

2.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.

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3.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________.

4.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________.

1
Taken from SHS Practical Research 1 Leaning Module 1 of Department of Education (action.deped.gov.ph)

ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE
What do you need to know?

What is Research?

View this link to have an advance knowledge on what research is. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=mV0bUQpz468

RESEARCH
Is a combination of the prefix “re” (do again) and the root word “search” (to seek, explore, and
investigate). Research is a continuous and repetitious pursuit of knowledge in order to arrive at the
truth. (Uy et al, 2016)

Is the acquisition of new knowledge through a purposive, organized and designed program of activities.
It seeks to find the answers to the problems and generate new information for a better understanding of
the concept under study. (Uy et al, 2016)

Is analogous to inquiry, in that both involve investigation of something through questioning.

(Baraceros, 2016)

Is the process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and information to
prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research.
(Baraceros, 2016)

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

1. ACCURACY. It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes and bibliographical
entries should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged.
2. OBJECTIVENESS. It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions,
generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
3. TIMELINESS. It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society.
4. RELEVANCE. Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the
lives of people in a community.
5. CLARITY. It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple, direct,
concise, and correct language.
6. SYSTEMATIC. It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.
7. ETHICAL. It must be geared toward what are advantageous or beneficial rather than what are
detrimental by respecting preferences on matters of confidentiality, independence, or freedom.

PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

1. To learn how to work independently

2. To learn how to work scientifically or systematically
3. To have an depth knowledge of something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in higher-order thinking strategies (HOTS) of
inferring, evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating
5. To improve your reading and writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the various techniques of gathering data and
presenting research findings.
7. To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination or strong influence of a single textbook or of
the professor’s lone view point or spoon-feeding.

TYPES OF RESEARCH

1. Based on Application of Research Method

2 Types of Research based on application of Research method

1. Pure Research- it deals with ideas, principles, or abstract concepts

2. Applied Research- it deals with societal problems or issues.

2. Based on Purpose
Types of Research based on purpose
a. Descriptive Research
-This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person,
a thing, an event, a group, or a situation among others. In contrast to analytical research
that focuses on the why and how of the characteristics of a person or a thing, descriptive
research centers mainly on the what of the subject of the study, that is, simply aims at
exactly establishing, describing, or naming what such person or thing is all about.

-One distinctive characteristic of descriptive research is seen in its research question. It

normally begins with “What is…”Example, in the world of business and
entrepreneurship, wherein you want to start your own business and be ready to face the
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 financial risk , research question will look like this:

What is the impact of eco-design on the marketability of the product?

What is the right age for undertaking entrepreneurship Education?
What are the attitudes, values, and motivations of an entrepreneur?
What are the characteristics and features of the financial world?
What are the effects of changes of interest rates, taxation, and inflation on
individuals, households, and society?

MAIN PURPOSE OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

To explain the nature or ins and outs of present events or problems in the society by collecting
data capable of casting light to societal issue or problem

It validates findings of research studies and previous research studies.

Liable of repeated research or further studies.

Data gathering technique includes survey of existing records or documents and existing
literature like books, periodicals, studies and reports found in the library
etc.

b. Correlational Research
-it shows relationships or connectedness between two factors, circumstances, or agents
called variables that affect the research.

-It is concerned with indicating the existence of a relationship and not the causes of such
relationship.

-Correlation coefficient- is the expression used to specify a numerical value to represent

the strength and direction of the relationships of variables.

TYPES OF CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

*. Based on changes in variables

* Positive correlation- if the increase of one variable results in the increase of
another variable
*Negative Correlation-if the increase works to decrease the other variable

*. Based on data collection technique

*Natural Observation-observations of variables happen in a natural environment
*Survey Research-data come from questionnaire survey
*Archival Research-analysis of data collected by others

Note: common thing among all types of Correlational research is their attempt to explain the
relationship of two variables.

c. Explanatory Research

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 -is also called “causal research”.

-it focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of something and on the present or future
effects of such happening.
- First, it makes you analyze and understand the nature of something.
- Second, it establishes the connection of such thing to another one as
well as clarifies the pattern or manner of connectivity
- Third, it gives you the changes resulting from the relationship or
connection of these two things. (Creswell, 2008;Fox & Bayat, 2007)

Example:
Conducting an explanatory research about millennials’ entrepreneurship interests

- First, determine the extent of their knowledge about their financial

status as well as the link of their financial literacy to their desire to
run their own business
- Second, determine how literate they are about financial matters,
discover how much they know about money use, money
transactions, income management, financial planning, budgeting,
and rights and rights and responsibilities of buyers with respect to
legal aspects of the connection between financial literacy and
business endeavor in order for you to identify the degree of cause-
effect relationship. (Baraceros, 2019)

d. Exploratory Research
-also known as “formulative research”.
-it has the purpose of exploring a certain topic, specifically, one that was not given clear
explanations or results in previous research studies.
-aims at obtaining clearer understanding of the research problem and formulating exact
hypothesis or assumptions to ensure an accurate investigation (Shields, 2013)
-based on data collected you will discover an aspect an aspect of the study that will
trigger your interest in conducting research studies.
-is also called Grounded theory-one type of qualitative research that makes you discover,
during your data collection and analysis, a new theory to support your study.

*The comparison-contrast of the three research types---descriptive, explanatory, and

exploratory is shown through the given research problem/question.

Descriptive
What are the attitudes of millennials toward entrepreneurship Education?

Explanatory
Which between entrepreneurship education and financial literacy will have
stronger impact on one’s business acumen/perception/discernment?

Exploratory
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 What kind of Entrepreneurship Education do millennials go for?

e. Action Research
-This type of research studies an ongoing practice of a school, an organization, a
community, or any institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring about
the improvement in the system.
-this is an investigative act done by people who have already been involved in a certain
practice and institutional operations to find ways and means for better management
standards.
-is carried out in different areas of knowledge: Sociology, psychology, medicine, health
and science, and tourism among others. It is frequently conducted in the field of
education-the impact of the ever-changing society that bears the need of fresh, innovative
and relevant educational ideas and pedagogical practices related to curricular offerings,
disciplinary measures and classroom management. Methods used is to observe or
interview individuals or groups, take pictures of the subjects, record files notes, survey
questionnaire, videotape recorder, etc. (Coghan & Branneick, 2014).

3. Based on Types of Data Needed ( Note: Unit 2: Lesson 3-Qualitative Research and Its importance
in Daily Life is summarized and included here)

*Qualitative Research
-requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses words rather than
numbers to express the results. In other words that the research uses content that highlights the
human experience. It is largely an investigation of data that cannot be measured but are
reflective of people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles.

-this research type puts premium or high value on people’s thinking or point of view
conditioned by their personal traits.

-it usually takes place in soft sciences like social sciences, politics, economics,
humanities, education, psychology, nursing, and all business-related subjects.

-subjectivity is based on personal thoughts and feelings, therefore, this is for qualitative
research. This is also true not only for an individual or a group under study but also for you,
the researcher, because of your personal involvement in every stage of your research. For
example, during interview, you tend to appreciate or admire people’s ideas based on their
answers. By carefully listening to the subject or object in a natural setting, you become
affected by their expressions of what they think nd feel about the topic (Coghan, 2014).

-Thing are studied in their natural setting enough for you to conclude that qualitative
research is an act of inquiry or investigation of real life events(Baraceros, 2019)

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Human Understanding and Interpretation

Data analysis results show an individual’s mental, social, and spiritual
understanding of the world. Through their worldviews, you come to know what kind of
human being he or she is, including hi her values, beliefs, likes, and dislikes (Baraceros,
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 2019).

2. Active, powerful, and Forceful

As you go through qualitative research there are lots of changes that may occur and
you need to amend or rephrase interview questions and consider varied ways of getting
answers.(Baraceros, 2019)

3. Multiple Research Approaches and Methods

Qualitative research allows you to approach allows you to approach or plan your
study in varied ways. Y:ou are free to combine this with quantitative research and use all
gathered data and analysis techniques. Meaning, qualitative study applies to all research
types: descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, case study and so on.(Baraceros, 2019)

4. Specificity to Generalization
Specific ideas in a qualitative research are directed towards general understanding. It
follows an inductive or scientific method of thinking where you start thinking of particular to
specific concept that will eventually lead you to more complex ideas such as generalizations
or conclusions.(Baraceros, 2016)

5. Contextualization
Your goal here is to understand human behavior. It is crucial or beneficial for you
to examine the context or situation of an individual’s life-the who, what, why, how, and
other circumstances-affecting his oe her way of life. (Baraceros, 2016)

6. Diversified Data in Real-life Situations

A qualitative researcher prefers collecting data in a natural setting like observing
people as they live and work, analyzing photographs or videos as they genuinely appear
to people, and looking at classrooms unchanged or adjusted to people’s intentional
observation.(Baraceros, 2019)

7. Abounds with Words and Visuals

Words, words, and more words come in big quantities in this kind of research. Data
gathering through interviews or library reading, as well as the presentation of data
analysis results, is done verbally. In some cases, it resorts to quoting some respondents’
answers.(Baraceors, 2019)

8. Internal Analysis
Here, you examine the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject individuals
like their emotional, mental, and spiritual characteristics. You study people’s perception
or views about your topic and not the effects of their physical existence on your study.
(Baraceros, 2019)

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH/QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH DESIGNS
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 There are five research designs that are commonly used in a qualitative data. These are
case study, ethnography, historical study, phenomenology and grounded theory. These refer to”
types of qualitative research” because research design involves planning your methods or
techniques in collecting and analyzing data.(Baraceors, 2019)

1. Case Study
“This type of qualitative research usually takes place in the field of social care, nursing,
psychology, rehabilitation centers, education, and the like. This involves a long-time
study of a person, group, organization, or situation. It seeks to find answers to why such
thing occurs to the subject. Finding the reason/s behind such occurrence drives you to
also delve into relationships of people related to the case under study. Data collection
methods such as interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentary analysis are
used in a case study”.(Baraceros, 2019)

Follow these links to expand your knowledge about Case Study:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kynoEFQNEq8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ilIimOCXyk

2. Ethnography
“Ethnography is derived from the Grrek terms ethnos which means “people, folk, or
nation and grapho which means “to write”. Falling under the field of Anthropology,
ethnography is a study of a certain cultural group to get a clear understanding of its
organizational setup, internal operations, and lifestyles. Ethnographic studies observe
people situated in a natural or normal setting. The best way to conduct this kind of
research is not to ask the people of their culture but to spend some time living with them
and experience the way they live their life in their community. Immersing yourself in
their lifestyles entails an orderly manner of data gathering” (Lodico, Spaulding, &
Voegtle, 2006; Mai, 2009).

“To obtain knowledge, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, the
researcher must necessarily involve in their group activities. Since this gives stress to the
study of a group of people, this is one special kind of a case study. The difference
between the two is that ethnography requires the researcher’s participation in the
activities of the group while case study treats you, the researcher, as an outsider whose
role is just to observe the group”.(Winn, 2014; Baraceros, 2019)

Examples of Research topics for ethnographic studies:

Nowadays, more and more people in the field of business, specifically marketing
love to conduct ethnographic studies to determine the marketability of a product.

 A Study of the Most Lked coffee Aroma Among Manila Residents

 The Lucrativeness of a Coffee Shop at Muñoz LRT Station
 The Preferred sizes of Handbags Among Urban Office Girls
 The Salability of dreamy Diapers Among Care Givers

Follow this link to expand your knowledge about Ethnography:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lIzz3DlEWQ

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 Additional guide on how to do phenomenological interview. Follow the link
belowhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDKdfqDkMuk:

3. Phenomenology
“Coming from the word “phenomenon” which means something known through sensory
experience, phenomenology refers to the study of how people find their experiences
meaningful. It is something you experience on earth as a person. Its primary goal is to
make people understand their experiences about death of loved ones, care for
handicapped persons, friendliness of people, and the like. Here, people will understand
the ways of how people go through inevitable events in their lives. As researcher, you
are likely to spend much time in listening to people’s recount of their significant
experiences to be able to get a clue or pattern of their techniques in coming to terms with
the positive or negative results of teir life experiences.” (Baraceros, 2019)

Phenomenology is relevant or useful to people such as teachers, nurses, guidance

counselors, and the like, whose work entails giving physical and emotional assistance or
relief to people. Unstructured interview is used in collecting data (Paris, 2014; Winn,
2014).

Comparing phenomenology and ethnography, the first aims at getting a thorough

understanding of an individual’s life experiences for this same person’s realistic dealings
with hard facts of life while the second aims at defining, describing, or portraying a
certain group of people possessing unique cultural traits.

Follow this link to expand your knowledge about Phenomenology:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uNp7okdc-E

Additional guide on how to do phenomenological interview. Follow the link below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDKdfqDkMuk:

4. Content and Discourse Analysis

“Content analysis is a method of quantitative research that requires an analysis or
examination of the substance or content of the mode of communication-letters, books,
journals, photos, video recordings, SMS, online messages, emails, audio-visual materials,
and so on-used by the person, group, organization, or any institution in communicating.
A study of language structures used in the medium of communication to discover the
effects of sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological factors on the content makes
it a discourse analysis. Set of Questions are needed to guide you in studying the content
of the material.”(Baraceros, 2019)

Follow this link to expand your knowledge about Content Analysis:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0__d1QsR04

a. Historical analysis
-is the examination of varied sources of data to make you understand the
connection of past events to the present. The results of your analysis will enable you to
form conclusions, predict the future and specify phenomenological changes in unchanged
aspects of society.
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 Methods of historical research:
 Formulate a research question
 Plan your manner of collecting data and of their accessibility to you.
 Collect facts and information from various sources of data: interview,
primary and secondary sources, recollections(autobiography, diaries,
memoirs, private collections), ongoing records of census and real-property
ownership.
 Analyze the data collected.
 Examine the sources of data.

Follow this link to expand your knowledge about Historical Research:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GF4VD1AP56Q

b. Grounded Theory (GT)

-this takes place when you discover a new theory to underlie your study at the
time of data-collection and analysis. Through your observation of the subjects of the
study, you will discover an applicable theory on the situation under study. The data
gathering techniques used are interview, observation,and documentary analysis.
Grounded theory is considered a general method(Gibson, 2014).

Methods used in Grounded Theory according to Gibson are:

 Observation, like ethnographic studies, living with the subjects in a
considerable number of days
 Interview or talking with the informants in a structured, semi-structured or
unstructured (informal) way
 Collecting and analyzing of artifacts or materilas used by the informants in
their everyday living such as graphs, codes, written rules, and hand outs ,
etc.

Follow this link to expand your knowledge about Grounded Theory:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2DyB-hGX-Q

ADVANTAGES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter which means that the
participants are involved in real settings.
 It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in
their natural setting.
 It is instrumental for positive societal changes.
 It engenders respect for people’s individualityas it demands the
researcher’s careful and attentive stand toward people’s world views.
 It is a way of understanding and interpreting social interactions.
 It increases the researcher’s interest in the study as it includes the teacher’s
experience of background knowlwdge in interpreting verbal and visual
data.
 It offers multiple ways of acquiring and examining knowledge about
something.

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 DISADVANTAGES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.
 It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data.
 Its open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-time
analysis.
 It is time-consuming.
 It involves several processes which results greatly depend on the
researcher’s views or interpretations.

*Quantitative Research
-involves measurements of data that presents research findings in reference to
numerical forms (using percentages, fractions, and numbers)
-uses numbers and figures to denote a particular thing, this kind of research requires you
to focus your full attention on the object of your study. You tend to exclude your thoughts and
feelings about the subject or object.
-analogous to scientific or experimental thinking.
-you just do not identify problems but theorize, hypothesize, analyze, infer, and create as
well.
-this usually happens in hard sciences like physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine;
qualitative research, in soft sciences such as humanities, social sciences, education, and
psychology, among others.

2 KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Experimental- its sub-types are true-experimental, quasi-experimental (matched

comparative group, time series, and counter balanced quasi-experimental), single subject, and
pre-experimental.

2. Non-Experimental- its sub-types are: survey, historical, observational, correlational,

descriptive, and comparative research.

-Objectivity is based on facts, universal truths, and logical thinking therefore, this is for
quantitative research.

2 TYPES OF DATA IN DEALING WITH RESEARCH

@ Primary data- are obtained through direct observation or contact with people,
objects, artifacts, paintings, and the like.
-are new and original information resulting from your sensory experience.

@Secondary data- already been written about or reported on and are available for
reading purposes.

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH AND RESEARCH IN

DIFFERENT AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE (Unit 2: Lesson 4 inserted
23
 here)

INTRODUCTION

In this lesson you will realize the essence of people’s thoughts and feelings they aired through
words on issues affecting the society, qualitative research in this field is quite useful in
resolving societal problems indispensably affecting any person’s life in a community.

Essential Question:

After choosing a topic for research, what is the next thing to do?

The Research Approaches written below will guide you what to do next.

First, Scientific or Positive Approach - in which you discover and measure information as well
as observe and control variables in an impersonal manner. It allows control of variables. It gives
stress to measurable and observable facts instead of personal views, feelings, or attitudes. It can
be used in hard sciences or STEM (Science, Technology, engineering, medicine) and natural
sciences (Biology, Physics, Chemistry) (Laursen, 2010). Data gathering Technique appropriate
for this approach are structured interviews, questionnaires, and observational checklists. Data
are expressed through numbers, meaning this is suitable for quantitative research.(Baraceros,
2019)
Example:
In the field of medicine, to produce a new medicine, a medical researcher
subjects the data to a controlled laboratory experiment. The factual data collected are
recorded in numerical or statistical forms using numbers, percentages, fractions, etc.
(quantitative data)

Second, Naturalistic Approach- this uses words. This research approach directs you to deal with
qualitative data that speak of how people behave toward their surroundings. These are non-
numerical data that express truths about the way people perceive or understand the world. This
uses words rather than numbers as the unit of analysis. People looked at their world in a
subjective or personal basis. It is people –oriented. Data collected represent personal views,
attitueds, thoughts, emotions, and othersubjective traits of people in natural setting. Collecting
data is done in family homes, playgrounds, workplaces, or schools. Data collection techniques by
social researchers are unstructured interviews and participant observations. These yield
opinionated data through the use of open-ended questions and actual participation of the
researcher in the subjects’ activities. This second approach concerns itself with qualitative data-
one type of data that exists in abundance with social sciences, which to others exists as soft
sciences. Under soft sciences are Anthropology, Business, Education, Economics, law, Politics,
and all subjects aligned with business and all those focused on helping professions such as
Nursing, Counseling, Physical Therapy, and the like (Babbie, 2013).

In the field of Humanities, man’s social life is also subjected to research studies.
Researchers in this area give emphasis not to man’s social life, but to the study of the meanings,
significance, and visualizations of human experiences in the fields of fine arts, Literature, Music,
Drama, Dance, and other artistically inclined subjects.. Researches happen in any of the
following humanistic categories:

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  Literature and Art Criticism where the reserachers, using well-chosen language
and appropriate that depend on their interpretative and reflective thinking in
evaluating the object.
 Philosophical Research where the focus of inquiry is on knowledge and
principles of being and on the manner of human beings conduct themselves on
earth.
 Historical Researchwhere the investigation centers on events and ideas that took
place in man’s life a a particular period.

Third, Triangulation Approach- you are free to gather and analyze data using multiple methods,
allowing you to combine or mix up research approaches, research types, data gathering, and data
analysis techniques. This gives you the opportunity to view every angle of the research from
different perspectives (Badke, 2012;Silverman, 2013)

READY TO GO

Let’s check your understanding on the lesson that you have just read. Answer the activities below.

Activity 1
Direction: Identify the specific type of research for each given topic by entering the letter of the research type
in the correct column.

Action Pure Applied Descriptive Explanatory Correlation

a. Theory of Relativity
b. University Belt Street Foods
c. Landline vs. Cellphone
d. Reasons Behind Tuition fee Increases
e. Manila Flash Flood Solutions
f. College Assessment Practices
g. Critical thinking and Creative Thinking in Learning-Teaching Situations
h. The Why and How of Internet Use
i. effects of Korean Telenovelas on Filipino TV Viewers
j. Digital Age
k. Teaching Through Powerpoint Presentation
l. Archimedes’ Principle of Buoyancy

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Activity 2

Direction: In the space provided, make a graphical presentation of the Types and classification of Research.

Activity 3

Direction: Name the Type of QUALITATIVE RESEARCH best suited for the following topics.

1. The Mangyans’ Burial Practices ____________________________________

2. Relatives of Typhoon Victims ____________________________________
3. The effectiveness of the K-12 Curriculum ____________________________________
4. Spiderman: The very First Film in the 21st Century ____________________________________
5. Philippines’ Political Party system: Then and Now ____________________________________
6. Filipino Caregivers in Japan ____________________________________
7. Travails of Senior citizens at the LRT/MRT Stations ____________________________________
8. The Lone Grade VI Speed reader of UST High School ____________________________________
9. Grade 11 Science Textbook ____________________________________
10. Student Activism since the Marcos Era ____________________________________

Activity 4

Direction: Categorize the given research topic inside the triangle representing the science under which the
chosen topic is researchable whether it is under Hard Sciences or Soft Sciences. Write only the number of the
topic inside the triangle. Research topics are given below:

26
 HARD SCIENCES
SOFT SCIENCES

Research Topics:

1. Iron Contents of Oregano Plants

2. Aling Bebs: A Filipino Centenarian
3. Electrical Wirings of a Japanese Car
4. Microorganisms in a Canal
5. Parents’ Views About the K-12 Curriculum
6. St. Joseph’s Grade 8 Teachers’ questioning Techniques
7. Medicinal elements of guava Leaves
8. Historical Development of Filipino Novels in English
9. Muslim Wedding Rites
10. The nature of Ebola Virus

EXECUTE

After exploring to the given activities above, you have understood what research is. Now, let’s expand your
learning doing something that will add your knowledge on what really research is through an actual interview.

Instruction: Ask some people whom you know (schoolmates, teachers, brother, sister, friend etc.) who have
done a research work or who are currently conducting a research study. Get to know the TITLE,
RESPONDENTS, RESEARCH METHOD USED (data gathering instrument and research design used). Ask
them how research played a major role in their chosen strand, course or career. Make a report about it and write
it on the space provided below.

27
Research Title:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Method Used:

Data Gathering Instrument: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Research Design used: ________________________________________________________________________________________

Respondents: _______________________________________________________________________________________

Location: _______________________________________________________________________________________

Role of Research:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.

1
This set of questions presented are extracted from the work of Baraceros, E. L. (2016).Practical Research 1 for
Senior High School. Rex Book Store Inc. Sampaloc, Manila
. 2Taken from SHS Practical 1 Leaning Module 1 of Department of Education (action.deped.gov.ph)

INTEGRATION OF FAITH AND LEARNING:

Research is the best way to solve the big questions in your minds. Solving it by your own will result to failure.
You need to know the reasons and prove what is the truth. In our lives, we need not in a hurry. We need to
search more in order to find the truth. Proverbs 12:17 ESV says: Whoever speaks the truth gives honest
evidence, but a false witness utters deceit. We need guidance in order for us to have the right search. Proverbs
11:14 ESV says,Where there is no guidance, a people falls, but in an abundance of counsellors there is safety.
Discovering the truth is not easy. You need to follow some techniques/steps to attain what you’ve wished to
have. In our lives, to attain success is not easy too. We need to work hard to reach our goal but we should not
forget that everything is possible if we believe that there’s someone who is ready to help us-our heavenly
Father. The text below says; For I am the Lord your God who takes hold of your right hand and says to you, Do
not fear; I will help you. Isaiah 41:13 | NIV

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 Knowing things in different approaches is very challenging but as long as you know what to do, still conclusion
will be yours. Love and enjoy what you are doing, never mind the struggles, focus on your goals to be
accomplished and success will be yours. According to Proverbs 16:3 New International Version 3 Commit to
the LORD whatever you do, and he will establish your plans.

REFERENCES:
DepEd Central Office: Practical Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. http:// www.Department of Education [email protected].

DepEd Alternative Delivery Mode: Practical Research 1-Grade 11 Quarter 1-module 1: Nature of Inquiry and Research First Edition

Baraceros, E.L. (2016).Practical Research 1. First Ed. Rex Book Store, Inc.. Manila.

Baraceros E. L. (2016).Practical Research 1. Teachers Guide .First Ed.Rex Book Store, Inc. Manila.

Cristobal, A.P., Jr, & Cristobal, M.D. (2016). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Ist ed.C & E Publishing Inc.Quezon

Online Sources:

http://www.Biblegateway.com

TEACHER’S INFORMATION:
NAME: Belce Glicere Asuncion Baquilabat, LPT, MEd, MBM
SUBJECT: Research in Daily Life 1
CP #: 09353268461
MESSENGER ACCOUNT: Belce Glicere Baquilabat

Feel free to connect to your teacher if you have a problem with your lesson/module for non-DLC students and
for DLC students just go to your coordinator. Thank you.

End of First Module 1

STUDENT’S INFORMATION:

NAME: ________________________________________________________

TRACK: ________________________________________________________

CELLPHONE #: ________________________________________________________

FB/MESSENGER ACCOUNT: ________________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ________________________________________________________

BIRTHDAY: ________________________________________________________

AGE: ________________________________________________________

FATHER: ________________________________________________________
CELLPHONE #: ________________________________________________________

MOTHER: ________________________________________________________
CELLPHONE #: ________________________________________________________

COURSE (COLLEGE): ________________________________________________________

29
Attach below is your Module Assessment Test:

RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 1

ASSESSMENT TEST
Module 1
August 16-20, 2021

NAME: _____________________________________ STRAND/YR. & SECTION: ___________________

I. TRUE OR FALSE
Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

___________ 1. Inquiry is seeking for truth, information or knowledge. It is a problem solving

technique.

___________ 2. The three foundation theories behind inquiry-based learning involve cognitive abilities
and socio-cultural aspects.

___________ 3. Pure research is focusing on societal problems or issues.

___________ 4. Primary data are obtained through direct observation or contact with people, objects,
artifacts, paintings, etc.

___________ 5. Qualitative research requires numerical data.

___________ 6. Naturalistic approach uses words.

___________ 7. Scientific approach uses numbers to express data.

___________ 8. Objectivity is based on facts.

___________9. Subjectivity is based on personal thoughts.

___________10. The focus of social research is people’s behaviour for the common good.

II. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Circle the correct answer.

1. It is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and
information to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic.

a. Inquiry
b. Qualitative Research
c. Quantitative Research
d. Research

30
2. It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society.

a. Accuracy
b. Systematic
c. Timeliness
d. Accuracy

3. It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries
should honestly and appropriately documented or acknowledged.

a. Accuracy
b. Timeliness
c. Objectiveness
d. Relevance

4. This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal or picture of a person, thing, event,
group, situation. And others.

a. Action research
b. Correlational research
c. Explanatory research
d. Descriptive research

5. It is the study of particular cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set-
up, internal operation, and lifestyle.

a. Case study
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded theory
d. Phenomenology

6. This type of research refers to the study of how people find their experiences, meaningful. Its
primary goal is to make people understand their experiences about death of loveones, care for
handicapped persons, friendliness of people, etc.

a. Content and Discourse Analysis

b. Historical Analysis
c. Phenomenology
d. Ethnography

7. Science, technology, engineering, medicine are under:

a. Natural sciences

31
 b. Hard sciences
c. Soft sciences
d. Social sciences

8. Biology, Physics, and chemistry are under:

a. Social sciences
b. Hard sciences
c. Soft Sciences
d. Natural Sciences

9. Anthropology, Business, Education, law, Politics, and all subjects aligned with business and all
those focused on helping professions such as nursing, counselling etc. are under:

a. Natural Sciences
b. Social sciences
c. Soft sciences
d. Hard sciences

10. It gives emphasis not to man’s social life but to the study of meanings, significance and
visualizations of human experience in the fields of Fine Arts, Literature Music, etc.

a. Business
b. Social Science
c. Humanities
d. STEM

III. Fill in the Blanks

Instruction: Fill in the blanks with the correct word or expression to complete each sentence.

1. Numerical data are true for the __________________ approach.

2. For the naturalistic approach, _______________________ is the unit of analysis.

3. The focus of social research is _______________________ for the common good.

4. ___________________________ is the focus of a humanistic research.

5. Quantitative is to scientific approach; ________________________ to naturalistic approach.

6. A researcher in Humanities studies his/her subject with the use of his/her

________________________.

32
7. Playgrounds, classrooms, and workplaces make up the _______________________ to yield
qualitative data.

8. Laboratory experiments give way to a ________________________ way of collecting data.

9. Hard sciences present research findings in _________________________ forms.

10. ______________________________ is to hard sciences; subjectivity is to soft sciences.

Success takes an investment in time, dedication, and sacrifice. This is the

true education. It is a process. Robert T. Kiyosaki

33