PROJECT INFORMATION

• Problem Statement: Analysis and Design of a residential building with irregularity of L-

shaped building under the effects of gravity and seismic loads.
• The building is G+7 storeys high, located in seismic zone V according to IS 1893-Part 1:
2016.
• As per the architectural layout, 2 apartments of 2 BHK are provided on each floor. The
building is L-shaped in plan, with footprint area of 214 sq. mt.
• The houses are being divided with a huge common area consisting foyer, 2 lift shafts and
an open-well type staircase, summing up to 65.5 sq. mt.
• Finished floor levels are assumed at 3.0 mt. height interval and plinth at 0.75 m above
NGL. Footings are assumed to rest 2 mt. deep below NGL.
• Over-head cabin for 5000 litres water tank has been provided above the staircase.
• As per the architectural layout, 2 apartments, each of 2 BHK are being provided on each
floor.
• Each apartment has a built-up area of 65.5 sq. mt. consisting living room, kitchen, dining,
2 bedrooms, 2 toilets, balcony and wash area.
• The houses are being divided with a huge common area consisting foyer, 2 lift shafts and
an open-well type staircase, summing up to 69.5 sq. mt.
 STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATION
• The building is G+7 storeys, total height of building is 29.75 mt.
• The building is located in seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2016.
• The building is L-shaped in plan which leads to irregularity due to torsion.
• L-shape causes re-entrant corner in the building.
• Due to the geometry, there is scarcity of through frames in the building.
 MODELLING
• Preparation of suitable structural layout by orienting columns and beams.
• Calculation of dead loads and live loads applied on the building.
• Calculation of base shear, storey shear and lateral forces and application of the same in
the model and applying seismic loads as per IS 1893:2016.
• Analysis of the building with applied gravity and seismic loads with the help of Staad Pro.
• Performing Static Check and comparing the manual calculations to software results.
• Application of rigid floor diaphragm effects and torsion release according to the structural
layout.
• Check for overall deflection and inter storey drift and selection of beam - column sizes
satisfying displacement checks.
 APPLICATION OF LOADS

Self-Weight Wall Loads Slab Loads

 LOAD CALCULATIONS (MANUAL)

Wall loads:

Wall Details
ρ 20 20 20
Height 2.55 1.2 2.55
Wall th. 0.125 0.125 0.23
H Length 6.425 2.42 17.11
H Length 3.25 1.39 15.76
H Length 3.05 2.11
H Length 4.31 1.37
H Length 4.31
H Length 4.945
H Length 3.275
H Length 4.59
H Length 3.275
H Length 1.38
H Length 5.755
V Length 4.945 2.42
V Length 4.31 1.39
V Length 4.31 2.11
V Length 3.25 1.37
V Length 3.05
V Length 6.425
V Length 3.275
V Length 4.59
V Length 3.275
V Length 1.38
V Length 5.755
Total Length 89.13 14.58 32.87
Total Load 568.2 43.74 385.57
Grand Total for Walls = 997.50885
Beam loads:

Beam Details
Beam no. b D Length ρ Total Load
B1 0.23 0.45 7.055 25 18.2548125
B2 0.23 0.45 2.42 25 6.26175
B3 0.23 0.45 5.525 25 14.2959375
B4 0.23 0.45 3.05 25 7.891875
B5 0.23 0.45 15.855 25 41.0248125
B6 0.23 0.45 3.975 25 10.2853125
B7 0.23 0.45 6.95 25 17.983125
B8 0.23 0.45 12.065 25 31.2181875
B9 0.23 0.45 1.39 25 3.596625
B10 0.23 0.45 2.56 25 6.624
B11 0.23 0.45 3.715 25 9.6125625
B12 0.23 0.45 2.56 25 6.624
B13 0.23 0.45 2.005 25 5.1879375
B14 0.23 0.45 1.25 25 3.234375
B15 0.23 0.45 4.735 25 12.2518125
B16 0.23 0.45 13.5 25 34.93125
B17 0.23 0.45 7.78 25 20.13075
B18 0.23 0.45 4.335 25 11.2168125
B19 0.23 0.45 9.705 25 25.1116875
B20 0.23 0.45 3.51 25 9.082125
B21 0.23 0.45 6.425 25 16.6246875
B22 0.23 0.45 2.72 25 7.038
B23 0.23 0.45 8.555 25 22.1360625
B24 0.23 0.45 1.39 25 3.596625
B25 0.23 0.45 3.815 25 9.8713125
B26 0.23 0.45 4.715 25 12.2000625
B27 0.23 0.45 3.275 25 8.4740625
B28 0.23 0.45 2.235 25 5.7830625
B29 0.23 0.45 1.25 25 3.234375
B30 0.23 0.45 5.755 25 14.8910625
Grand Total for Beam = 154.075 398.66906
Slab loads:

Slab Details
2 2 2
Slab no. L B D ρ DL + FF (kN/mLL ) (kN/m
W )(DL+FF+LL) (kN/mLoad
) kNRepeatations
Total Load
S1 2.915 2.955 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 57.067 2 114.133
S2 0.77 3.975 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 20.277 2 40.5549
S3 2.915 2.98 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 57.549 2 115.099
S4 1.965 3.05 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 39.705 2 79.4106
S5 2.25 5.04 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 75.128 2 150.255
S6 2.005 3.345 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 44.432 2 88.8641
S7 1.16 2.19 0.125 25 4.625 3 7.625 19.371 2 38.7411
S8 1.25 1.805 0.125 25 8.825 2 10.825 24.424 2 48.8478
S9 1.25 1.94 0.125 25 8.825 2 10.825 26.251 2 52.5013
S10 1.42 2.005 0.125 25 4.625 2 6.625 18.862 2 37.7241
S11 4.66 7.57 0.175 25 5.875 3 8.875 313.08 1 313.076
Grand Total for Slab (kN) = 1079.2
 STATIC CHECK (STAAD.PRO)

Particulars Fy Unit 1 DEAD LOAD 58.293 kN

1 DEAD LOAD 65.622 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 16.158 kN
2 LIVE LOAD -1.986 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 160.43 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 103.4 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 33.209 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 4.435 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 58.364 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 122.72 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 8.474 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 24.836 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 4.11 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 182.92 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 0.782 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 45.567 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 23.574 kN
1 DEAD LOAD -17.809 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 12.766 kN
2 LIVE LOAD -4.474 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 146.06 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 97.01 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 37.808 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 19.022 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 54.137 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 44.843 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 6.817 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 5.133 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 138.08 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 65.035 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 20.062 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 9.636 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 49.305 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 104.21 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 3.586 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 72.534 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 19.844 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 27.134 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 9.955 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 3.303 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 27.208 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 69.92 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 3.333 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 9.124 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 88.413 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 48.856 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 14.831 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 3.449 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 64.54 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 142.56 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 9.444 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 21.494 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 98.317 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 53.771 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 22.786 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 6.626 kN 1 DEAD LOAD 115.57 kN
1 DEAD LOAD 18.393 kN 2 LIVE LOAD 21.662 kN
2 LIVE LOAD 10.808 kN 1 DEAD LOAD -31.277 kN
1 DEAD LOAD -15.692 kN 2 LIVE LOAD -7.1 kN
2 LIVE LOAD -4.362 kN Total Load = 2628 kN

2
DL = 2241 kN 12.06 kN/m
2
LL = 387 kN 2.083 kN/m

2
Area = 185.8 m
2
Load per sq. mt. = 14.142 kN/m
 STATIC CHECK (MANUAL)
2
Area = 172.77 m
2
Slab = 6.2465 kN/m
2
Beam = 2.3075 kN/m
Wall = 5.7736 kN/m2
2
Grand Total = 14.328 kN/m
Total Staad Load = 2627.588 kN
Total Manual Load = 2475.384988 kN
Difference % = 5.792499148 %

Load Contribution %

40.29711964
43.59754464

16.10533572

Slab Load Beam Load Wall Load

 SEISMIC LOAD CALCULATIONS & APPLICATIONS
• Seismic forces are proportional to the seismic weight (W) of the building.
• Total Design Base Shear (Vb) is computed on the basis of seismic coefficient (Ah) and
seismic weight (W).
• Base Shear is distributed along the storeys of building in the form of Storey Shear Q on
the basis of storey weight and its height.
• Storey Shear is later distributed along each beam-column junction depending on their
stiffnesses.
 X Z
h= 29.75
17.125 18.563

T= 0.09 × h T= 0.09 × h

√d √d

T= 0.647 T= 0.621

Sa/g to be calculated from Response Spectrum Method

Medium stiff soil

Sa/g = 1.36/T

Sa/g = 2.101961315 Sa/g = 2.188434291

0.36 0.36
2.101961 2.1884
2 2
Ah = Ah =
5 5

1 1

Ah = 0.076 Ah = 0.079

W= Total Seismic Weight

W= DL + % LL
For LL < 3 kN/m²

DL = 25685.239

LL = 3409.038

W= DL + 0.25 LL

W= 26537.4985 kN

Vb = Ah × W
Seismic Zone Factor Z = 0.36

Response Reduction R = 5.0 (RC-SMRF)

Importance Factor I = 1.0 (Residential, < 200 occupants)

X Direction Z Direction

h= 29.75 m h= 29.75 m

d= 17.125 m d= 18.563 m

T = 0.09h/√d 0.647 sec T = 0.09h/√d 0.631 sec

Sa/g = 1.36/T 2.10 Sa/g = 1.36/T 2.18

Ah 0.076 Ah 0.079

Vb 2008.11 Vb 2090.72
 SEISMIC LOADS

Vb = Base shear

Qi = Storey shear

² Wi×hi²/
Slab Level Height (hi) Wi Wi×hi Vbx Vbz Qix Qiz
ΣWi×hi²
Footing 0 175.77 0.00 0 0.00 0.00

0 2 1240.00 4959.99 0.000646335 1.30 1.35

1 5.75 3274.14 108251.18 0.014106194 28.33 29.49

2 8.75 3190.92 244305.04 0.031835352 63.93 66.56

3 11.75 3190.92 440547.05 0.057407617 115.28 120.02

4 14.75 3190.92 694225.51 0.090464419 2008.108629 2090.720582 181.66 189.14

5 17.75 3190.93 1005341.60 0.131005907 263.07 273.90

6 20.75 3190.93 1373892.65 0.179031737 359.52 374.31

7 23.75 3190.92 1799880.99 0.234542213 470.99 490.36

Terrace 26.75 2294.17 1641619.52 0.213919184 429.57 447.25

Cabin 29.75 407.87 360993.76 0.047041041 94.46 98.35

26537.50 7674017.28 1 TRUE TRUE 2008.11 2090.72
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Torsional Irregularity due to plan: L-shaped building

• Eccentricity between center of mass and center of rigidity causes torsion in structures.
• It makes building twist outside its plane around its rigid corner.
• Under excessive torsion, structural elements may reach to their ultimate moment
capacity or the whole structure may be forced to deflect beyond its lateral deflection
limit.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

According to IS 1893-2016, torsional irregularity is quantified as below:

Re-entrant corners can be defined as below:

 TRIALS

Trial 1:
Beam: 300 × 450 mm Column: 300 × 450 mm
Inter Storey Drift
Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz
Cabin 29.75 0.012 525 Eqx/z 100.41 98.32 0.0054 0.0061
Terrace 26.75 0.012 470 Eqx/z 94.99 92.17 0.0056 0.0049
7 23.75 0.012 415 Eqx/z 89.41 87.32 0.0075 0.0069
6 20.75 0.012 360 Eqx/z 81.89 80.39 0.0092 0.0087
5 17.75 0.012 305 Eqx/z 72.65 71.71 0.0105 0.0099
4 14.75 0.012 250 Eqx/z 62.19 61.78 0.0112 0.0107
3 11.75 0.012 195 Eqx/z 50.95 51.05 0.0116 0.0111
2 8.75 0.012 140 Eqx/z 39.35 39.91 0.0120 0.0116
1 5.75 0.015 85 Eqx/z 27.30 28.30 0.0177 0.0179
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 9.58 10.39 0.0096 0.0104
Footing 0 0 0 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

As the inter-storey drift at few levels are unsatisfactory, sizes of columns are to be increased.

Trial 2:
Beam: 300 × 450 m Column: 300 × 500 mm
Inter Storey Drift
Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz

Cabin 29.75 0.012 525 Eqx/z 93.58 91.89 0.0051 0.0057

Terrace 26.75 0.012 470 Eqx/z 88.50 86.14 0.0053 0.0046

7 23.75 0.012 415 Eqx/z 83.22 81.55 0.0070 0.0065

6 20.75 0.012 360 Eqx/z 76.18 75.04 0.0086 0.0081
5 17.75 0.012 305 Eqx/z 67.55 66.91 0.0098 0.0093

4 14.75 0.012 250 Eqx/z 57.78 57.60 0.0105 0.0101

3 11.75 0.012 195 Eqx/z 47.29 47.54 0.0109 0.0105

2 8.75 0.012 140 Eqx/z 36.43 37.09 0.0113 0.0109

1 5.75 0.015 85 Eqx/z 25.16 26.18 0.0163 0.0166

0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 8.81 9.59 0.0088 0.0096

Footing 0 0 0 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

As the inter-storey drift at few levels are unsatisfactory, sizes of columns are to be increased.
 Trial 3:
Beam: 300 × 450 m Column: 300 × 550 mm
Inter Storey Drift
Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz
Cabin 29.75 0.012 525 Eqx/z 88.53 87.03 0.0048 0.0054
Terrace 26.75 0.012 470 Eqx/z 83.69 81.61 0.0051 0.0044
7 23.75 0.012 415 Eqx/z 78.63 77.20 0.0067 0.0062
6 20.75 0.012 360 Eqx/z 71.96 71.02 0.0082 0.0077
5 17.75 0.012 305 Eqx/z 63.78 63.30 0.0093 0.0088
4 14.75 0.012 250 Eqx/z 54.53 54.47 0.0099 0.0095
3 11.75 0.012 195 Eqx/z 44.59 44.92 0.0103 0.0099
2 8.75 0.012 140 Eqx/z 34.29 34.98 0.0107 0.0104
1 5.75 0.015 85 Eqx/z 23.58 24.59 0.0153 0.0156
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 8.26 9.00 0.0083 0.0090
Footing 0 0 0 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

As the inter-storey drift at few levels are unsatisfactory, sizes of columns are to be increased.

Trial 4:
Beam: 300 × 450 m Column: 300 × 600 mm
Inter Storey Drift
Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz

Cabin 29.75 0.012 525 Eqx/z 84.70 83.27 0.0047 0.0052

Terrace 26.75 0.012 470 Eqx/z 80.04 78.12 0.0049 0.0043

7 23.75 0.012 415 Eqx/z 75.15 73.84 0.0064 0.0059
6 20.75 0.012 360 Eqx/z 68.74 67.91 0.0078 0.0074

5 17.75 0.012 305 Eqx/z 60.93 60.51 0.0089 0.0085

4 14.75 0.012 250 Eqx/z 52.07 52.05 0.0095 0.0092
3 11.75 0.012 195 Eqx/z 42.55 42.90 0.0099 0.0095

2 8.75 0.012 140 Eqx/z 32.68 33.36 0.0103 0.0100

1 5.75 0.015 85 Eqx/z 22.39 23.36 0.0145 0.0148
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 7.85 8.53 0.0078 0.0085
Footing 0 0 0 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

As the inter-storey drift at few levels are unsatisfactory, sizes of columns are to be increased.
 Trial 5:
Beam: 300 × 550 m Column: 300 × 650 mm

Inter Storey Drift

Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz
Cabin 29.75 0.012 525 Eqx/z 73.60 73.73 0.0039 0.0047
Terrace 26.75 0.012 470 Eqx/z 69.67 69.02 0.0043 0.0038
7 23.75 0.012 415 Eqx/z 65.41 65.24 0.0056 0.0053
6 20.75 0.012 360 Eqx/z 59.81 59.98 0.0068 0.0066
5 17.75 0.012 305 Eqx/z 52.97 53.43 0.0077 0.0075
4 14.75 0.012 250 Eqx/z 45.25 45.95 0.0083 0.0081
3 11.75 0.012 195 Eqx/z 36.97 37.87 0.0086 0.0084
2 8.75 0.012 140 Eqx/z 28.41 29.49 0.0089 0.0088
1 5.75 0.015 85 Eqx/z 19.54 20.72 0.0127 0.0131
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 6.84 7.59 0.0068 0.0076
Footing 0 0 0 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

• Here the inter-storey drift has reduced substantially, however the beam depth of 550 mm
is quite high and will reduce the headroom, which is also important for residential
apartment.
• Moreover, sizes of beams and columns are quite similar, so column sizes were increased
again

Trial 6:
Beam: 300 × 450 m Column: 300 × 700 mm

Inter Storey Drift

Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz
Cabin 29.75 0.012 525 Eqx/z 81.74 80.31 0.0045 0.0049
Terrace 26.75 0.012 470 Eqx/z 77.20 75.37 0.0048 0.0042
7 23.75 0.012 415 Eqx/z 72.43 71.20 0.0062 0.0057
6 20.75 0.012 360 Eqx/z 66.24 65.47 0.0075 0.0071
5 17.75 0.012 305 Eqx/z 58.71 58.32 0.0085 0.0082
4 14.75 0.012 250 Eqx/z 50.17 50.15 0.0092 0.0088
3 11.75 0.012 195 Eqx/z 40.98 41.31 0.0096 0.0092
2 8.75 0.012 140 Eqx/z 31.43 32.09 0.0100 0.0097
1 5.75 0.015 85 Eqx/z 21.48 22.39 0.0140 0.0142
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 7.53 8.16 0.0075 0.0082
Footing 0 0 0 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

As the inter-storey drift at few levels are unsatisfactory, sizes of columns are to be increased
 Trial 7:
Beam: 300 × 450 m Column 1: 300 × 800 mm Column2: 500 × 500 mm

Inter Storey Drift

Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz
Cabin 29.75 0.012 509 Eqx/z 82.21 65.16 0.0041 0.0038
Terrace 26.75 0.012 454 Eqx/z 78.10 61.35 0.0046 0.0039
7 23.75 0.012 399 Eqx/z 73.48 57.42 0.0061 0.0050
6 20.75 0.012 344 Eqx/z 67.43 52.40 0.0074 0.0060
5 17.75 0.012 289 Eqx/z 59.98 46.37 0.0085 0.0068
4 14.75 0.012 234 Eqx/z 51.47 39.57 0.0092 0.0073
3 11.75 0.012 179 Eqx/z 42.24 32.27 0.0097 0.0076
2 8.75 0.012 124 Eqx/z 32.53 24.68 0.0102 0.0079
1 5.75 0.015 69 Eqx/z 22.29 16.81 0.0144 0.0108
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 7.88 5.99 0.0079 0.0060
Footing 0 0 1 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

Here the inter-storey drift is under the allowable limits, however the ground storey drift is very
close to the limit.

Trial 8:
Beam: 300 × 450 m
Column 1: 300 × 800 mm Column2: 500 × 500 mm Column 1: 300 × 800 mm
Inter Storey Drift
Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz
Cabin 29.75 0.012 509 Eqx/z 84.88 68.30 0.0043 0.0038
Terrace 26.75 0.012 454 Eqx/z 80.60 64.50 0.0050 0.0040
7 23.75 0.012 399 Eqx/z 75.61 60.54 0.0064 0.0052
6 20.75 0.012 344 Eqx/z 69.19 55.39 0.0078 0.0063
5 17.75 0.012 289 Eqx/z 61.38 49.13 0.0089 0.0071
4 14.75 0.012 234 Eqx/z 52.51 42.04 0.0096 0.0076
3 11.75 0.012 179 Eqx/z 42.90 34.40 0.0101 0.0080
2 8.75 0.012 124 Eqx/z 32.82 26.42 0.0106 0.0083
1 5.75 0.015 69 Eqx/z 22.24 18.10 0.0145 0.0116
0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 7.73 6.48 0.0077 0.0065
Footing 0 0 1 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000

• Columns were re-sized and re-oriented here to bring the inter-storey drift into limits
• Here the inter-storey drift at all the floors is under the allowable limits.
 MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT & INTER-STOREY DRIFT CHECK
• After all these trials, trial 8 with Beam: 300 × 450, Column: 300 × 800, was found out to
be economical and giving satisfactory results within the allowable displacement limit as
per IS 1893-2016 Cl: 7.11.1
• Inter-storey drift was checked with the same trial, which turned out to be satisfactory.

Maximum Displacement
H/250 = 119.00
Node L/C X Y Z
Max X 509 3 EQX 84.883 0.47 -10.28
Min X 50924 DL+LL-EQX-87.67 -4.423 7.89
Max Y 71 3 EQX 22.238 10.069 0.486
Min Y 71 24 DL+LL-EQX-22.507 -13.164 -0.791
Max Z 509 4 EQZ -1.259 1.141 68.297
Min Z 509 26 DL+LL-EQZ -1.528 -5.094 -70.69
Max rX 71 3 EQX 22.238 10.069 0.486
Min rX 77 24 DL+LL-EQX-22.029 -2.349 -0.791
Max rY 50924 DL+LL-EQX-87.67 -4.423 7.89
Min rY 509 3 EQX 84.883 0.47 -10.28
Max rZ 102 4 EQZ 0.05 -0.339 17.717
Min rZ 102 26 DL+LL-EQZ -0.286 -1.819 -18.016
Max Rst 509
24 DL+LL-EQX-87.67 -4.423 7.89

Inter Storey Drift

Floor Height Limit Node L/C X Z ISDx ISDz

Cabin 29.75 0.012 509 Eqx/z 84.88 68.30 0.0043 0.0038

Terrace 26.75 0.012 454 Eqx/z 80.60 64.50 0.0050 0.0040

7 23.75 0.012 399 Eqx/z 75.61 60.54 0.0064 0.0052

6 20.75 0.012 344 Eqx/z 69.19 55.39 0.0078 0.0063

5 17.75 0.012 289 Eqx/z 61.38 49.13 0.0089 0.0071

4 14.75 0.012 234 Eqx/z 52.51 42.04 0.0096 0.0076
3 11.75 0.012 179 Eqx/z 42.90 34.40 0.0101 0.0080

2 8.75 0.012 124 Eqx/z 32.82 26.42 0.0106 0.0083

1 5.75 0.015 69 Eqx/z 22.24 18.10 0.0145 0.0116

0 2 0.008 33 Eqx/z 7.73 6.48 0.0077 0.0065

Footing 0 0 1 Eqx/z 0.00 0.00 0.0000 0.0000
 TORSION CHECK
• After all these trials, trial 8 with Beam: 300 × 450, Column: 300 × 800, was found out to
be economical and giving satisfactory results.
• So, trial 8 was adopted and checked for torsion according to Tab-5 of IS 1893-Part 1:2016

Torsion Check EQx Torsion Check EQz

▲max ▲min ▲max ▲min
FLOOR RATIO FLOOR RATIO
mm mm mm mm
Cabin 84.883 79.881 1.063 Cabin 68.297 66.925 1.021
Terrace 80.601 59.682 1.351 Terrace 64.495 61.988 1.040
7 75.605 56.209 1.345 7 60.536 58.114 1.042
6 69.186 51.607 1.341 6 55.386 53.133 1.042
5 61.381 45.919 1.337 5 49.128 47.087 1.043
4 52.506 39.402 1.333 4 42.036 40.236 1.045
3 42.900 32.330 1.327 3 34.395 32.860 1.047
2 32.819 24.907 1.318 2 26.423 25.169 1.050
1 22.238 17.102 1.300 1 18.097 17.155 1.055
0 7.729 6.300 1.227 0 6.476 6.122 1.058
Center of Mass:

X = 7.05 m Y = 7.68 m

Center of Stiffness:

X = 7.098 m Y = 7.689 m
• Torsion was checked with Tab-5 of IS 1893-Part 1:2016 and eccentricity was obtained by
calculating the difference between centre of mass and centre of stiffness.
• In both these cases, the results showed that although the shape of building is generating
torsion, but it falls under torsionally regular category as per Tab-5 of IS 1893-Part 1:2016
and has negligible eccentricity.
• Although the building falls under torsionally regular category, few trials with shear walls
were performed to check the behaviour of the frame and for mitigation of torsion.
 CONTRIBUTION OF FRAMES

Horizontal frame Vertical frame

% Contribution % Contribution
25 20
20 15
15
10
10
5 5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I
TRIALS WITH SHEAR WALLS
Trial 1:

• Here, shear walls were placed at the lift

walls and at the nodes where
displacements were high.
• This trial did not work as the length of
shear wall increased so much to the
extent that it created unwanted torsion
in Z direction.

Trial 2:

• Here, shear walls were placed only in X

direction frames as torsion was high in X
direction.
• This trial did not work as the length of
shear wall increased so much to the
extent that it created unwanted torsion
in X direction.
Trial 3:

• Here, shear walls were placed only at

the nodes where displacements were
high.
• This trial worked well and gave
satisfactory results, mitigating torsion
from X direction without affecting
much to Z direction.
•
 DESIGN OF BEAMS
b = 300 mm d' 0.13
=
D = 450 mm d
clear cover = 30 mm
Max. Bar Ø = 28 mm min. Tension Reinf. = 0.85 b d
Øs = 10 mm fy
d = 406 mm
fck = 25 N/mm² = 207.06 mm²
fy = 500 N/mm²
Limiting moment for singly reinf. sections max. Tension Reinf. = 0.04 b D
Mu lim 0.133 for Fe 500 = 4872 mm²
=
fck b d²
Mu lim = 164.424 kN×m

3.59 4.72 1.67 3.6 1.5

 Vertical Strip
Top BMD
Sr. Beam Max d'/d 0.10 d'/d 0.15 d'/d 0.13 Type of
T Mu/bd²
No. No. T Moment pt pc pt pc pt pc Beam

1 2445 217 4.39 1.19 0.27 1.21 0.30 1.20 0.29 Doubly
2 2457 228 4.61 1.25 0.33 1.27 0.37 1.26 0.36 Doubly
3 2478 364 7.36 1.94 1.08 2.00 1.19 1.98 1.15 Doubly
4 2479 323 6.53 1.73 0.85 1.78 0.94 1.76 0.91 Doubly
5 2480 40 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.19 Singly
Bottom BMD
Sr. Beam Max d'/d 0.10 d'/d 0.15 d'/d 0.13 Type of
B Mu/bd²
No. No. B Moment pt pc pt pc pt pc Beam

1 2445 180 3.64 1.01 0.08 1.02 0.08 1.02 0.08 Doubly
2 2457 149 3.01 0.95 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.95 0.00 Singly
3 2478 357 7.22 1.93 1.08 1.99 1.19 1.97 1.15 Doubly
4 2479 297 6.01 1.61 0.73 1.65 0.80 1.64 0.77 Doubly
5 2480 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Singly

Ast Bottom 1 Bottom 2 Astprov Asc Top 1 Top 2 Ascprov

mm² # Ø # Ø mm² mm² # Ø # Ø mm²
1465.13 3 28 1847.26 1238.27 3 25 1472.62
1538.58 3 28 1847.26 1151.01 3 25 1472.62
2411.16 3 28 2 20 2475.58 2402.24 3 25 2 25 2454.37
2147.34 3 28 2 20 2475.58 1993.14 3 25 2 25 2454.37
0.00 3 16 603.19 232.64 3 16 603.19
Sr. Beam Max SF Vu τv τc Vus Spacing Spacing
pt prov. Check Legged Asv
No. No. kN Vu/bd Tab-19 Vu-τcbd req. Sv prov.

1 2445 139 1.14122 1.52 0.74 Design 48.868 235.619 851.534 100
2 2457 163 1.33826 1.52 0.74 Design 72.868 235.619 571.07 100
3 2478 443 3.63711 2.03 0.85 Design 339.47 3 235.619 122.582 100
4 2479 206 1.6913 2.03 0.85 Design 102.47 235.619 406.097 100
5 2480 36 0.29557 0.50 0.49 Nominal - 235.619 - 100
b = 300 mm d' 0.13
=
D = 450 mm d
clear cover = 30 mm
Max. Bar Ø = 28 mm min. Tension Reinf. = 0.85 b d
Øs = 10 mm fy
d = 406 mm
fck = 25 N/mm² = 207.06 mm²
fy = 500 N/mm²
Limiting moment for singly reinf. sections max. Tension Reinf. = 0.04 b D
Mu lim 0.133 for Fe 500 = 4872 mm²
=
fck b d²
Mu lim = 164.424 kN×m

2.24 5.41 1.67 3.6 1.5

 Horizontal Strip
Top BMD
Sr. Beam Max d'/d 0.10 d'/d 0.15 d'/d 0.13 Type of
T Mu/bd²
No. No. T Moment pt pc pt pc pt pc Beam

1 2458 344 6.96 1.88 1.02 1.94 1.13 1.92 1.09 Doubly
2 2459-60-61 371.86 7.52 2.01 1.17 2.09 1.30 2.06 1.26 Doubly
3 2462 364 7.36 1.97 1.11 2.02 1.22 2.00 1.18 Doubly
4 2463 296 5.99 1.62 0.74 1.65 0.81 1.64 0.79 Doubly
5 2464 39 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.19 Singly
Bottom BMD
Sr. Beam Max d'/d 0.10 d'/d 0.15 d'/d 0.13 Type of
B Mu/bd²
No. No. B Moment pt pc pt pc pt pc Beam

1 2458 324 6.55 1.76 0.88 1.80 0.97 1.79 0.94 Doubly
2 2459-60-61 165 3.34 0.95 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.95 0.00 Doubly
3 2462 347 7.02 1.88 1.02 1.94 1.13 1.92 1.09 Doubly
4 2463 266 5.38 1.46 0.55 1.49 0.62 1.48 0.60 Doubly
5 2464 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Singly

Ast Bottom 1 Bottom 2 Astprov Asc Top 1 Top 2 Ascprov

mm² # Ø # Ø mm² mm² # Ø # Ø mm²
2337.71 3 28 2 25 2829.00 2176.18 3 25 2 25 2454.37
2512.50 3 28 2 25 2829.00 1529.58 3 25 2 25 2454.37
2439.66 3 28 2 25 2829.00 2337.71 3 25 2 25 2454.37
1997.28 3 28 2 25 2829.00 1802.40 3 25 2 25 2454.37
0.00 3 16 603.19 232.64 3 16 603.19
Sr. Beam Max SF Vu τv τc Vus Spacing Spacing
pt prov. Check Legged Asv
No. No. kN Vu/bd Tab-19 Vu-τcbd req. Sv prov.

1 2458 309 2.53695 2.32 0.85 Design 205.47 157.08 135.016 100
2 2459-60-61 231 1.89655 2.32 0.88 Design 123.816 157.08 224.057 100
3 2462 360 2.95567 2.32 0.88 Design 252.816 2 157.08 109.731 100
4 2463 171 1.40394 2.32 0.85 Design 67.47 157.08 411.173 100
5 2464 36 0.29557 0.50 0.49 Nominal - 157.08 - 100
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

Layer No. of Bars Ø Ast

1 3 25 1472.62
2 2 20 628.32
3 2 20 628.32
4 2 16 402.12
5 2 20 628.32
6 2 20 628.32
7 3 25 1472.62

Total Ast Provided = 5860.64 mm²

Minimum % of steel= 0.8
= 1920 mm²
Maximum % of steel= 4 %
provided pt % = 2.44193379 %
Steel in each face
Ast in longer face = 1457.70 mm²
pt % = 0.6074
Ast in shorter face = 1472.62 mm²
pt % = 0.6136
Grade of concrete = 25.00 N/mm²
Grade of steel = 500.00 N/mm²
Clear Cover = 40.00 mm
Effective Cover = 52.50 mm
Clear Spacing → = 72.50 mm
Clear Spacing ↓ = 95.67 mm
300

25 Ø This pair of reinforcement begins

from Footing level to First floor.
20 Ø
800

16 Ø
 Biaxial Check
Pu
L/C Pu /Puz α Muy Muy 1 Muz Muz1 Value Check
kN
1 211.16 0.044 1.0 66.15 834 11.08 234 0.127 OK
2 185.71 0.039 1.0 176.43 801 11.57 234 0.270 OK
3 127.80 0.027 1.0 94.76 786 33.06 234 0.262 OK
4 364.70 0.076 1.0 107.04 834 10.21 243 0.170 OK
5 339.25 0.071 1.0 197.08 834 10.18 243 0.278 OK
6 310.55 0.065 1.0 58.22 834 57.09 234 0.314 OK
7 556.02 0.116 1.0 57.62 834 72.72 252 0.358 OK
8 428.18 0.089 1.0 241.41 834 9.92 243 0.330 OK
9 530.57 0.111 1.0 71.53 834 79.54 252 0.401 OK
10 808.94 0.169 1.0 61.93 867 92.70 252 0.439 OK
11 462.60 0.096 1.0 259.83 834 9.77 243 0.352 OK
12 783.50 0.163 1.0 72.74 867 96.98 252 0.469 OK
13 1088.16 0.227 1.04 66.36 867 108.68 252 0.484 OK
14 451.84 0.094 1.0 271.49 834 9.35 243 0.364 OK
15 1062.71 0.221 1.04 75.17 867 110.28 252 0.504 OK
16 1388.83 0.289 1.15 65.80 834 120.88 234 0.522 OK
17 398.95 0.083 1.0 279.93 834 8.80 243 0.372 OK
18 1363.38 0.284 1.14 75.80 867 121.23 234 0.535 OK
19 1789.23 0.373 1.29 188.01 786 12.89 225 0.184 OK
20 295.06 0.061 1.0 302.92 834 8.26 234 0.399 OK
21 1711.94 0.357 1.26 83.27 786 140.88 234 0.586 OK
22 2291.90 0.477 1.46 312.17 690 5.17 207 0.318 OK
23 95.18 0.020 1.0 372.21 801 4.41 234 0.484 OK
24 2073.43 0.432 1.39 53.43 738 156.20 216 0.664 OK
25 2840.75 0.592 1.65 0.00 495 0.00 180 0.000 OK
26 328.84 0.069 1.0 367.39 834 3.86 234 0.457 OK
27 2358.99 0.491 1.49 48.09 525 165.14 207 0.744 OK
Layer No. of Bars Ø Ast
1 3 20 942.48
2 2 16 402.12
3 2 16 402.12
4 2 12 226.19
5 2 16 402.12
6 2 16 402.12
7 3 20 942.48

Total Ast Provided = 3719.65 mm²

Minimum % of steel= 0.8
= 1920 mm²
Maximum % of steel= 4 %
provided pt % = 1.54985238 %
Steel in each face
Ast in longer face = 917.35 mm²
pt % = 0.3822
Ast in shorter face = 942.48 mm²
pt % = 0.3927
Grade of concrete = 25.00 N/mm²
Grade of steel = 500.00 N/mm²
Clear Cover = 40.00 mm
Effective Cover = 50.00 mm
Clear Spacing → = 80.00 mm
Clear Spacing ↓ = 100.67 mm

300
This pair of reinforcement begins
20 Ø from Second floor to Fourth floor.

16 Ø
800

12 Ø
 Biaxial Check
Pu
L/C Pu /Puz α Muy Muy 1 Muz Muz1 Value Check
kN
1 211.16 0.053 1.0 66.15 516 11.08 162 0.197 OK
2 185.71 0.047 1.0 176.43 516 11.57 156 0.416 OK
3 127.80 0.032 1.0 94.76 516 33.06 156 0.396 OK
4 364.70 0.092 1.0 107.04 564 10.21 174 0.248 OK
5 339.25 0.086 1.0 197.08 564 10.18 174 0.408 OK
6 310.55 0.078 1.0 58.22 528 57.09 174 0.438 OK
7 556.02 0.140 1.0 57.62 564 72.72 174 0.520 OK
8 428.18 0.108 1.0 241.41 564 9.92 174 0.485 OK
9 530.57 0.134 1.0 71.53 564 79.54 174 0.584 OK
10 808.94 0.204 1.1 61.93 612 92.70 192 0.517 OK
11 462.60 0.117 1.0 259.83 564 9.77 174 0.517 OK
12 783.50 0.198 1.0 72.74 612 96.98 192 0.624 OK
13 1088.16 0.275 1.12 66.36 648 108.68 192 0.604 OK
14 451.84 0.114 1.0 271.49 564 9.35 174 0.535 OK
15 1062.71 0.268 1.11 75.17 648 110.28 192 0.630 OK
16 1388.83 0.351 1.25 65.80 576 120.88 174 0.700 OK
17 398.95 0.101 1.0 279.93 564 8.80 174 0.547 OK
18 1363.38 0.344 1.24 75.80 576 121.23 174 0.720 OK
Layer No. of Bars Ø Ast
1 3 16 603.19
2 2 16 402.12
3 2 12 226.19
4 2 12 226.19
5 2 16 402.12
6 3 16 603.19

Total Ast Provided = 2463.01 mm²

Minimum % of steel= 0.8
= 1920 mm²
Maximum % of steel= 4 %
provided pt % = 1.0262536 %
Steel in each face
Ast in longer face = 628.32 mm²
pt % = 0.2618
Ast in shorter face = 603.19 mm²
pt % = 0.2513
Grade of concrete = 25.00 N/mm²
Grade of steel = 500.00 N/mm²
Clear Cover = 40.00 mm
Effective Cover = 48.00 mm
Clear Spacing → = 86.00 mm
Clear Spacing ↓ = 126.40 mm

300
This pair of reinforcement begins
from Fifth floor to Seventh floor.
16 Ø

12 Ø
800
 Biaxial Check
Pu
L/C Pu /Puz α Muy Muy 1 Muz Muz1 Value Check
kN
1 211.16 0.059 1.0 66.15 422 11.08 122 0.247 OK
2 185.71 0.052 1.0 176.43 384 11.57 122 0.554 OK
3 127.80 0.036 1.0 94.76 374 33.06 108 0.559 OK
4 364.70 0.101 1.0 107.04 422 10.21 126 0.334 OK
5 339.25 0.094 1.0 197.08 422 10.18 126 0.547 OK
6 310.55 0.086 1.0 58.22 422 57.09 126 0.591 OK
7 556.02 0.154 1.0 57.62 470 72.72 144 0.628 OK
8 428.18 0.119 1.0 241.41 422 9.92 126 0.650 OK
9 530.57 0.147 1.0 71.53 470 79.54 144 0.704 OK