BACTERIOLOGY

Competent Appraisal 1 - MIDTERM

POWER SOURCE Date: 01 OCTOBER, 2021

1. Which of the following that 3. In which of the following dyes

when noted in the laboratory will the organism appear
will warrant immediate colorless?
communication of result to the A. Carbol fuschin B. India Ink
clinicial? C. Methylene Blue D. Crystal Violet
1. Surgical wound + for Streptococcus pyogenes
2. Positive Acid-Fast stain
3. Gram stain suggestive of Gas Gangrene
4. Positive Blood Culture
STAINING TECHNIQUE:
* SIMPLE STAINING
A. 1 & 3 B. 2 & 4 C. 1,2 & 3 - color of the dye is the resulting color
D. 1,2,3 & 4 E. none of these (Methylene Blue - BLUE)
* SPECIAL STAINING
- use to enhance special features of bacterial
cell i.e. Grays and Leifson: Flagella, Schaeffor
and Fulton: Spores, Capsular Stain: Capsule
OTHERS:
CRITICAL VALUES
* (+) Spinal fluid Gram Stain or culture
* Blood Smear (+) for malaria
* (+)Cryptococcal antigen test * DIFFERENTIAL STAINING
* Detection of select agent (i.e. Brucella) or - to differentiate organism from another
other significant pathogen (i.e. Legionella) organism i.e Gram staining (Geam (-)/(+))
and Acid Fast Staining (Acid fast/Non-acid
fast)
* NEGATIVE/INDIRECT/RELIEF STAINING - only
2. Which of the following dyes the background and not the organism is
can be used to stain cell wall stained (Organism appears colorless)
deficient bacteria?
A. Crystal Violet B. Acridine Orange
C. Calcoflour White D. None of These 4. Which of the following
bacterial genera will require
chocolate agar for growth?
NOTE: 1. Staphylococcus
Most bacteria has cell wall except species 2. Neisseria
under genus MYCOPLASMA and UREAPLASMA. 3. Haemophilus
"Cell wall less, DO NOT NEED GRAM STAINING" A. 1 & 2 B. 2 & 3 C. 1 & 3
ও Crystal Violet - primary dye D. 1, 2, & 3 E. none of these
* Acridine Orange - fluorochrome dye-bright
orange; does not discriminate between (+) and
gram (-) bacteria.
* Calcoflour White - fluorochrome dye, fungi, Chocolate Agar - cultivation of FASTIDIOUS
and Microsporidia. ORGANISMS
Staphylococcus aureus (Media)
CNA - Columbia Colistin Nalidixic Acid
MSA - Mannitol Salt Agar
PEA Agar - Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol Agar
5. The media which can be used 8. Temperature enrichment
to detect genital carriage of procedure like cold enrichment may
Group B Streptococci. be done to enhance recovery of
A. Skirrow Agar B. Schaedler Agar which of the following organisms?
C. Tod Hewitt Broth D. Regan Lowe
E. None Of These 1. Yersinia enterocolitica
2. Campylobacter spp.
3. Listeria monocytogenes
A. 1 & 2 B. 2 & 3 C. 1 & 3
* SKIRROW AGAR
D. 1, 2, & 3 E. none of these
- Selective for Campylobacter; with
vancomycin, polymyxin, and trimetophrim.
ও SCHAEDDLER AGAR
- Non-selective for anaerobes and aerobes; Incubation Temp. for bacteria
Selective for Campylobacter and Helicobacter - 35°C-37°C for 24-48 hrs.
genus. Cold Enrichment/Incubation
* REGAN LOWE - 4°C for several weeks
- Enrichment & Selective for Bordetella pertusis Example:
* Yersinia enterocolitica
* Listeria monocytogenes
6. All of the following culture
media are both selective and
differential in nature EXCEPT:
9. To standardize inoculum size,
A. Hektoen Enteric Agar B. TCBC
0.5 McFarland is used when doing
C. XLD D. Thioglycollate Broth
antimicrobial susceptibility
testing. The optical density of
SELECTIVE-DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM the said standard is comparable to
Differential (Gram (-) Enteric Bacilli that of a bacterial suspension
Selective (Fermenter (YELLOW)/Non-Fermenter) which is:
ও HEA - Bromthymol Blue (NON-FERMENTER, GREEN)
A. 1.5 x 10^4 CFU/mL B. 1.0 x 10^8 CFU/mL
ও XLD - Phenol Red (NON-FERMENTER, RED)
C. 1.5 x 10^8 CFU/mL D. None of These
* TCBS - Selective-Differential for genus VIBRIO
CHO: SUCROSE
INDICATOR: BROMTHYMOL BLUE/THYMOL BLUE
McFARLAND
Sucrose Fermenter - YELLOW
- used when doing antimicrobial
Non-Fermenter: GREEN
susceptibility testing
- to standardized the inoculom
7. The approximate temperature of
molten agar before being Composition of Mc Farland (0.5)
distributed to individual petri 99.5 mL 1% H2SO4
plates. 0.5 mL 1.175% BaCl2
A. 50°C B. 121°C
C. 80-90°C D. None of These 10. When doing antimicrobial
susceptibility testing Kirby Bauer
Disk Diffusion method in
Classification of Culture Media: CONSISTENCY
particular, what is the maximum
* Liquid Media
* Semi-solid Media
number of antibiotic disks which
* Solid Media may be applied to the surface of a
* Biphasic Media single 150 mm Mueller Hinton Agar
plate?
NOTE:
ALL MEDIA EXCEPT LIQUID MEDIA NEEDS SOLIDFYING A. 10 Disks B. 12 Disks C. 5 Disks
AGENT "AGAR" (solidifies at 40°C-50°C, Melts at D. 15 Disks E. none of these
greater 95°C. Distribution to plates 55°C-60°C.
Plate size diameter 100 mm, antibiotic disks
is no more than 5 disk
11. Which of the following 14. Organisms surrounded with
antimicrobials are classified as flagella maybe classified as:
Macrolides? A. Amphtrichous B. Atrichous
1. Clarithromycin C. Lophotrichous D. Peritrichous
2. Gentamicin
3. Azithromycin
4. Imipenem
* AMPHITRICHOUS - Single flagellum at
A. 1 & 3 B. 2 & 4 C. 1, 2 & 3
BOTH ends
D. 1, 2, 3, & 4 E. none of these
* ATRICHOUS - Absence of flagella
ও LAPHOTRICHOUS - Tuft/Bundle of
flagella at one or both ends
MACROLIDE AMINOGLYCOSIDES
* Clarithromycin ও Gentamicin
* Azithromycin ও Amikacin
* Erythromycin ও Streptomycin 15. Which method of acid fast
* Konamycin staining is recommended for the
non-cultivable Mycobacterium
leprae?
A. Kinyoun's B. Ziehl Neelsen
12. Which of the following
C. Pappenheim's D. Fite Faraco
bacterial structure is
immediately exterior to the
* KINYOUN'S/COLD METHOD
murein layer of gram + bacteria,
- Best in detecting AFB in tissues
outer membrane of gram-negative
* ZIEHL NEELSEN/HOT METHOD
bacteria that facilitates - Best for Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM)
formation of slime layers or * PAPPENHEIM'S
biofilms? - Differentiate M. smegmatis (BLUE) from M.
A. Periplasmic Space B. Spore tuberculosis (RED)
C. Pili D. Capsule * FITE FARACO
E. None of These - Instead Methylene Blue, Hematoxylin is used as a
counterstain

* SPORE/ENDOSPORES 16. In Acid Fast Staining,

- resistant structures that enables organisms to Mycobacterium species will appear
withstand injurous conditions.
A. Violet against blue background
- Best way to eliminate it is AUTOCLAVING.
B. Red against blue background
* PILI
C. Red against a colorless background
*Sex Pili - Gene Conjugation
D. Purple against blue background
*Common Pili - Attachment, Adherence
* CAPSULE
- Anti-phagocytic, Virulence Factor
* KINYOUN'S/COLD METHOD
Primary stain: Carbol Fuchsin
13. In the Bacterial growth Mordant: Wetting agent (ex. Tergitol)
cycle, bacterial sporulation
occurs during what phase? * ZIEHL NEELSEN/HOT METHOD
A. Lag Phase B. Plataeu Primary stain: Carbol Fuchsin
C. Exponential Phase D. Death Phase Mordant: Steam/Heat

BACTERIAL GROWTH CYCLE

* LAG PHASE/ADAPTATION PHASE

- (-) Cell Division, 0% Growth Rate Decolorizer: 3% acid alcohol (HCl +
* EXPONENTIAL PHASE Ethanol)
- (+) Cell Division, Increase Growth Rate, Bacteria Counterstain: Methylene blue |
becomes susceptible to Antibiotic Substitue: Malachite green A
* PLATAEU/STATIONARY PHASE FO: Red against blue background
- Spore formation, Dead cells = Living Cells NAFO: Blue (Methylene blue) / Green
* DEATH PHASE (Malachite green)
- Cessation of bacterial growth
17. In gram staining which of the 20. In Kirby Bauer Technique, too
following is in correct order? light inoculum and very dry agar
A. Crystal Violet, Iodine, Acetone, Safranin can lead to:
B. Carbol Fuschin, Iodine, Acetone-Alcohol, Safranin A. Smaller Zone - False Resistance
C. Crystal Violet, Iodine, Acid Alcohol, Safranin B. Smaller Zone - False Susceptible
D. Cresyl Violet, Iodine, Acetone, Safranin C. Larger Zone - False Susceptible
D. Larger Zone - False Resistant

* CRYSTAL VIOLET - primary stain

* IODINE - Mordant KIRBY BAUER - Disk Diffusion Method, Qualitative
* ACETONE - Decolorizer (can use alcohol or Required Media: Mueller Hinton Agar (4mm depth)
acetone alcohol mixture) Result: RESISTANT, INTERMEDIATE, SUSCEPTIBLE
NOTE! ACID ALCOHOL IS USED AS A DECOLORIZER * FALSE SUSCEPTIBLE
IN AFS - Too light Inoculum, Too Thin, Very Dry agar,
* SAFRANIN O - Counterstain Larger zone
* FALSE RESISTANT
- Too thick agar, too much moisture in agar,
Smaller Zone, Prolonged Incubation Time
18. In Acid Fast staining, which
of the following agents that when
* 16 - 18 hrs. - ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY
applied will remove the carbol
* 24 - 48 hrs. - GROWTH OF ORGNANISM
fuchsin initially absorbed by the
organism?
A. Acetone B. Potassium Permanganate 21. Decontamination of most
C. HCL + Ethanol D. 95% Alcohol microbiological material may be
carried out thru autoclaving at:
A. 121°C at 15 PSI 30 minutes
NOTE! B. 100°C at 15 PSI 60 minutes
* CARBOL FUSCHIN - primary dye in AFS C. 100°C at 15 PSI 30 minutes
* ACETONE / 95% ALCOHOL - decolorizers use D. 121°C at 15 PSI 60 minutes
in gram stain
* POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE - used as
counterstain/quenching in AFS
* AUTOCLAVING
- Steam Under Pressure
- Sterilization method that uses “MOIST HEAT”to
sterilize
* DISINFECTION - not all organisms die
* FLUOROCHROME STAINING - used to * STERILIZATION - all organisms die including
demonstrate mycobacterium, considered most spores = autoclaving
sensitive, viewed organism under LPO
Primary dye: Auramine-Rhodamine
NO MORDANT
Decolorizer: 0.5% acid alcohol (HCl + Ethanol) 22. Which of the following will
Counterstain/Quenching: 0.5% Potassium stain species under the genus
Permanganate Mycobacterium?
A. Crystal Violet B. Methylene Blue
C. Carbol Fuschin D. Malachite Green
19. Choose the incorrect pair
between culture media and purpose
MYCOBACTERIUM
A. CCFA - C. diptheriae B. MSA - S. aureus
- AFO (Acid Fast Organism)
C. BCYE - L. pneumoniae D. MTM - N. gonorrhoeae
- can take primary dye (CARBOL FUSCHIN)

* CCFA - C. difficile * METHYLENE BLUE & MALACHITE GREEN

* CTBA, TINSDALE MEDIA - C. diptheriae - counterstain AFS
* CRYSTAL VIOLET
- primary dye in gram staining
23. Methicillin resistance in S.
aureus can be detected by all of For sterilization of Medical/Surgical Instruments
the following except: * ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
A. E Test B. Chromogenic Agar - Antiseptic Solution - Skin
C. Cefloxitin Disk Screen Test D. None Of These * SODIUM HYDROXIDE
- (1:10 dilution) Household Bleach
- For Disinfection
* E TEST (DILUTIONMETHOD) - BACTERICIDAL, FUNGICIDAL, VIRUCIDAL,
- Means to detect antibiotic susceptibility SPORICIDALl
- Uses a strip with single antibiotic of
different concentrations along its length
- (+) result = Elipse of growth inhibition
26. The cytolytic toxin Beta
hemolysin produced by
Staphylococcus aureus is also
called:
A. Enterotoxin F B. Sphingomyelinase C
C. Enterotoxin D D. Epidemolytic Toxin

* S. aureus
- produces beta-lactamase, resistance to
* SPHINGOMYELINASE C "HOT COLD LYSIN"
penicillin & other beta-lactam antibiotics
* ENTEROTOXIN F - TSST-1 - toxic shock
TREATMENT
syndrome
* S. aureus - use penicillinase-resistant drugs
* ENTEROTOXIN D - together with enterotoxins
* MRSA - chromogenic agar is used to detect
A&B - food poisoning
MRSA
* EPIDERMOLYTIX TOXIN - Exfoliatin - Scaled
* S. aureus can be detected by: Chromogenic
skin syndrome/ RITTER'S DISEASE
agar & cefoxilin disk screen test

24. The sterilization method of 27. An exfoliative dermatitis

choices for antibiotic solutions, caused by the pathogenic
toxic chemicals including Staphylococci occurring primarily
vaccines. in newborns and young children is
A. Dry Heat B. Filtration called
C. Moist Heat D. Boiling A. Scarlet Fever B. Erysipelas
E. None of These C. Bullous Impetigo D. Ritter's Disease
E. None of These

STERILIZATION METHODS:
* PHYSICAL - moist heat, dry heat, filtration, ionizing * SCARLET FEVER - form of pharyngitis with
radiation - gamma rays rashes
* CHEMICAL - chemical sterilants (ex. Ethylene * ERYSIPELAS - Skin Infection
oxide)
* DRY HEAT - oven, inceniration, cremation, flaming NOTE: BOTH ARE CAUSED BY S. PYOGENES GROUP
ও MOIST HEAT - autoclaving, tyndallization, A BETA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS
inspissation
* BOILING - physical method for disinfection * BOLLOUS IMPETIGO- Skin Infection

* FILTRATION - use of filters (millipore filter, HEPA 28. The key component in
filter)
bacterial pathogenesis of
Staphylococcus epidermidis is;
25. The so-called “cold
A. Protein A B. Preotein M
sterilization” involves use of C. Beta Lactamase D. Biofilm Formation
which of the following agents?
A. Glutaraldehyde &Sodium Hypochlorite
B. Peracetic Acid & Isopropyl Alcohol
C. Isopropyl Alcohol & Sodium Hypochlorite
D. Glutaraldehyde &Peracetic Acid
 32. Susceptibility to is
commonly used in the
KEY COMPONENTS OF S. EPIDERMIDIS identification of the etiologic
* BIOFILM FORMATION - enhances attachment to agent of group A Strep infection
organism to prostheses and catheters
(S. pyogenes).
* PROTEIN A - prevents phagocytosis (S. aureus)
* PROTEIN M - major virulence factor of S. pyogenes A. Bacitracin B. Optocin
PREVENTS PHAGOCYTOSIS C. Colistin D. Vancomycin
* BETA LACTAMASE - S. aureus, RESISTANT to
PENICILLIN, RESISTANT to BETA-LACTAM antibiotics
* TAXO A - Colistin Gram (-) and Vancomycin
Gram (+) as inhibitors in Thayer Martin Media
29. The so-called CHROM agar is a Bacitracin
selective differential media for * TAXO P - To identify Group A beta hemolytic
MRSA identification. Its Streptococci – S. pyogenes Optochin
selective nature is due to the * To differentiate Alpha hemolytic S.
antibiotic. pneumoniae (S) from Viridans Strep (R)

A. Colistin B. Lincomycin
C. Cefoxitin D. Novobiocin
33. To screen for the Genus
E. None of These
Staphylococcus & Micrococcus which
of the following tests must be
done?
* NOVOBIOCIN DISK TEST- differential test for CoNS
(S. epidermidis and S. saphrophyticus) A. Microdase Test B. Coagulase Test
* S. epidermidis - SENSITIVE C. Catalase Test D. Cytochrome Oxidase
ওS. saphrophyticus - RESISTANT
* COLISTIN - used in preparing Thayer martin media,
prevent gram neg. Organisms
* DO NOT USE CITRATE – Can lead to false
* LINCOMYCIN - component of media for genus positive reaction
Neisseria, Prevent growth of gram pos. & anaerobes
* CYTOCHROME– 1% rgt of DMSO
ও CHROM AGAR - selective media for CoNS
* MICRODASE – 6% rgt of DMSO

30. If only coagulase testing is

done, this species which can be
isolated from dog bite wound may
be mistaken for S. aureus; 34. The nutritionally variant
A. S. lugdunensis B. S. intermedius Streptococci:
C. S. haemolyticus D. None of These A. Are classified as lancefield Group A
B. Do not need pyridoxal for growth
C. Require Vitmin B 12 for growth
ENDOCARDITIS; BACTEREMIA D. Require Vitamin B 6 for growth
* S. lugdunensis
* S. haemolyticus

* NVS – also called Pyridoxal Requiring

(need Vit. B6 for growth); Thiol Requiring or
satelliting streptococci
31. Which of the following
* All members of Genus Abiotrophia and
species is likely for this Granulicatella are considered – normal flora
result: Slide coagulase +; PYR + of oral cavity
and VP +
A. S. aureus B. S. intermedius
C. S. lugdunensis D. None of These

S. aureus – PYR (-); VP (+)

S. intermedius – PYR (+); VP (-)
S. lugdunensis – PYR (+); VP (+)
35. A diffuse rash associated 38. What pattern of hemolysis is
with some Streptococcus pyogenes exhibited by Group C
infection is a symptom of streptococci?
A. Scarlet Fever B. Toxic Shock Syndrome A. Gamma B. Alpha
C. Necrotizing Fascitis D. Pharingitis C. Beta D. Delta

* TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME – cause by S. * Group A – S. pyogenes

aureus * Group B – S. agalactiae
* NECROTIZING FASCITIS – rapidly progressing ও Group C – Mostly animal
skin infection; S. pyogenes flesh eating bacteria pathogens (Beta hemolytic)
ও PHARYNGITIS – Cause by S. pyogenes;
considered as the major throat pathogen
* SCARLET FEVER – Form of pharyngitis with 39. A spherical, gram-positive
rashes coccus that is catalase-positive,
non-motile, and is unable to
36. Group B streptococcal produce acid from glucose
infection is a special problem anaerobically is best identified
for which of the following as member of the genus:
groups? A. Micrococcus B. Streptococcus
C. Staphylococcus D. Moraxella
A. Newborns B. Elderly
C. Young Adult D. Teenager

* STREPTOCOCCUS is Catalase negative

* MORAXELLA is Gram negative
* LISTERIA
* STAPHYLOCOCCUS are facultative
- Causing meningitis to the
anaerobes ও MICROCOCCUS are strict
elderly
aerobes (correct answer A)
* S. agalactiae
- can cause meningitis because it
is encapsulated

40. Growth in 6.5% NaCl and

37. The beta hemolytic property hydrolysis of esculin are tests
of S. pyogenes can be attributed for the identification of:
to which of the following:
A. Pneumococci B. Enterococci
A. Streptolysin B. Coagulase C. Staphylococci D. Viridans Streptococci
C. Erythrogenic Toxin D. Alpha Toxin

ALPHA HEMOLYTIC
* COAGULASE – Major Virulence Factor of S. aureus; * Pneumococci
causes S. aureus to agglutinate in plasma * Viridans Streptococci
* ALPHA TOXIN – Is an exotoxin produce by S. aureus; TO DIFFERENTIATE:
virulence factor of S. aureus * Bile Solubility Test
* ERYTHROGENIX TOXIN – One of the Virulence Factor of S. * Neufeld Quelling Test
pyogenes; this is the one responsible for the rashes in * Optochin Disk Test
Scarlet Fever; no connection of beta hemolytic property of S.
pyogenes S. pyogenes is Beta hemolytic on BAP because of
its ability to produce streptolysin
TO DIFFERENTIATE:
ENTEROCOCCI | GRP. D NON-ENTERO
* STREPTOLYSIN O – It will only cause Salt Tolerance + -
hemolysis if incubated anaerobically PYR + -
Penicillin RESISTANT SUSCEPTIBLE

* STREPTOLYSIN S – It will only cause

Salt Tolerance Test (6.5%)
hemolysis if incubated aerobically
41. Which of the following is 44. The PYR hydrolysis test is a
primarily responsible for the presumptive test for which
beta hemolysis of group A streptococci?
streptococci when incubated A. Group A Streptococci and Enterococci
anaerobically? B. S. pneumoniae and Group D Non-enterococci
A. Streptolysin O B. Streptolysin S C. Group A and Non-A , Non-B Streptococci
C. CAMP Factor D. Streptodornase D. Group B and Viridans Streptococci

* CAMP FACTOR - not associated with any group A

PYR TEST - uses N-N
Streptococci. For group B Streptococci
dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent (+)
* STREPTODORNASE - virulence factor that reduces
result: Red
the viscocity of pus through digestion of DNA. S.
Purpose: To detect S. pyogenes (Group A beta
pyogenes is beta hemolytic because of the ability to
hemolytic Streptococci)
produce streptolysin.
Enterococci: PYR (+)
* STREPTOLYSIN O - causes hemolysis only when
Non enterococci: PYR (-)
incubated anaerobically; oxygen labile
* STREPTOLYSIN S - aerobically; oxygen stable

45. The Schultz-Charlton

42. Which of the following phenomenon refers to a laboratory
enzymes contribute to the test for suspected cases of
virulence of S. aureus?
A. Pneumonia B. Scarlet Fever
A. Urease & NADase
C. Diptheria D. Erysipelas
B. Oxidase & Penicillinase
C. Hyaluronidase & Beta-lactamase
D. All of These
* SCHULTZ-CHARLTON PHENOMENON (blanch
test) - to determine if it is scarlet fever or not.
S. AUREUS: Injecting antierythrogenic toxin. If rashes
* HYALURONIDASE (Duran Raynal Factor) - enhances gradually disapper (+) or due to scarlet fever.
the ability of organism to invade tissues (spreading ও DICK'S TEST - detect immunity to scarlet
factor)
fever. (+) erythema at site of injection
* BETA-LACTAMASE (Penicillinase) - enzyme that
* SHICK'S TEST - susceptibility test for
makes S. aureus resistant to beta lactam antibiotics diphtheria
(ex.: penicillin)
* UREASE - not produce by S. aureus. Major virulence
factor of H. pylori which causes peptic ulcer.
46. Which test distinguishes
* OXIDASE - produce by Neisseria
pneumococci from other
streptococci?
43. Bacitracin resistance test is
A. Bile Solubility B. Esculin Hydrolysis
used to differentiate
C. Bile Tolerance D. All of these
A. S. aureus and coagulase (-) staphylococci
B. Micrococci and Staphylococci
C. Enterococci and other Streptococci
D. Neisseria and Moraxella * BILE SOLUBILITY TEST - differentiate S.
pneumoniae and Viridans Streptococci
* USES BAP, 10% sodium desoxycholate (+) lysis
of colonies; (-) intact colonies
BACITRACIN DISK TEST (Taxo A):
* ESCULIN HYDROLYSIS - screening for
* S. pyogenes - SUSCEPTIBLE
Enterococcus and Group D Non-Enterococci
* Micrococci - SUSCEPTIBLE
* BILE TOLERANCE - for Bacteroides fragilis group
* Staphylococcus- RESISTANT
(Gram negative anaerobic bacilli)
* S. agalactiae - RESISTANT
47. Which of the following would 50. What is the detector reagent
differentiate S. aureus and S. in PYR test?
epidermidis?
A. Ethylhydrocupreine Hydrochloride
A. Mannitol Fermentation B. Catalase B. Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediaminedihydrochloride
C. Microdase D. OF Test C. N, N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
D. Ferric Ammonium Citrate

* CATALASE - for Staphylococcus. Both S. aureus and

S. epidermidis (+) * ETHYLHYDROCUPREINE HYDROCHLORIDE
* MICRODASE - screening test for Micrococcus. (+) - chemical name of optochin (Taxo P)
blue color * FERRIC AMMONIUM CITRATE
* OF TEST (oxidative fermentative) - differentiate - indicator in bile esculin media.
Staphylococci and Micrococci
* S. aureus - Mannitol fermentation; coagulase and
Dnase (+); beta hemolytic on BAP
* S. epidermidis - Mannitol fermentation; coagulase
and Dnase (-); gamma hemolytic on BAP
51. What is the pH indicator in
48. Which of the following would MSA?
differentiate pneumococci and A. Neutral Red B. Crystal Violet
other alpha hemolytic C. Phenol Red D. Bromthymol Blue
streptococci?
A. Optochin B. Nuefeld-Quellung * NEUTRAL RED
C. Bile Esculin Test D. A and B - Mac Conckey Agar
* CRYSTAL VIOLET
- Inhibitor in Mac Conckey Agar
* BILE ESCULIN TEST - screening test for Enterococci * PHENOL RED
and Group D Non-enterococci. - XLD ; Urea Agar
* OPTOCHIN - differentiate S. pneumoniae * BROMTHYMOL BLUE
(sensitive) to Viridans Streptococci (resistant) - Simmon Citrate Agar ; TCBS
* NEUFELD QUELLUNG - S. pneumoniae (+) because
it is encapsulated; Viridans Streptococci (-) 52. Necrotizing fasciitis is
attributed to infection with:
A. S. agalactiae B. N. meningitidis
C. S. pyogenes D. S. aureus

49. Which of the following would

differentiate N. meningitidis and * S. agalactiae
N. gonorrhoeae? - Neonatal meningitis
* N. meningitidis
A. Glucose Fermentation B. Sucrose Fermentation
- Can be a normal flora of the oro/nasopharynx
C. Maltose Fermentation D. All of These
(e.g. MENINGITIS (5-29 YRS.OLD),
MENINGOCOCCEMIA (N. meningitidis in the blood,
WATER HOUSE FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME (severe
* CYTOCHROME OXIDASE TEST form of meningococcemia)
- Screening test for Neisseria
- Uses 1% oxidase reagent (tetramethyl-p-
phenylene diamine dihydrochloride)
RESULT: (+) PURPLE
* S. aureus (Toxin/Non-Toxin)
To identify species under Genus Neisseria - CHO
utilization/fermentation test. Carried out using CTA; - Food Poisoning, Toxic Shock Syndrome,
Scalded Skin Syndrome, and Skin infections
phenol red is used as indicator. In acid pH (+) media
(LightBouyles, Carbuncles, Furuncles, Cellulitis),
will turn yellow
Bullous Impetigo
53. Which of the following 56. Which of the following tests
produces a slime that enhances may be used to distinguish
its adhesion to prostheses and between S. aureus and S.
catheters? intermedius?
A. S. epidermidis B. S. saprophyticus A. Slide coagulase B. Catalase
C. S. salivarius D. S. pneumoniae C. Oxidase D. Voges-Proskauer

NOTE: THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE SLIME (BIOFILM)

IS A VIRULENCE FACTOR * CATALASE TEST - both are (+)
(Screening Test)
* OXIDASE - both are considered (-)
* SLIDE COAGULASE - both are (+)
* S. epidermidis - consider as normal flora but can
* Voges-Proskauer - S. aureus (+), S.
cause PROSTHETIC HEART VALVE INFECTION
intermedius (-) (IMVEC TEST Entero)
* S. saprophyticus - agent of UTI, specifically in
young females (Virulence factor is INCERTAIN)
ও S. salivarius - part of Viridans Streptococci 57. In general, Streptococcus
(Major throat flora ; known to cause SUB-ACUTE spp. exhibit which of the
BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS) following properties?
* S. pneumoniae - can cause bacterial meningitis
1. Facultative anaerobes
to individuals above 29 yrs. old (VF. Capsule)
2. Catalase Negative
3. Some species are capnophilic
54. Which of the following A. 1 & 3 B. 1 & 2 C. 2 & 3
characteriz\es S. saprophyticus? D. 1, 2, & 3 E. none of these
A. Coagulase Negative, Novobiocin Sensitive
B. Coagulase Negative, Novobiocin Resistant
C. Coagulase Positive, Novobiosin Sensitive
D. Coagulase Positive, Novobiocin Resistant * CAPNOPHILIC
- Organisms that requires high
level of Carbon Dioxide
CoNS = S. saprophyticus & S. epidermidis
* CATALASE (-)
* All test where S. sureus is (+) ; CoNS are (-)
ও COAGULASE, MANNITOL FERMENTATION & 58. Beta-hemolytic streptococci
DNASE TEST (-) other than S. pyogenes and S.
* GAMMA HEMOLYTIC IN BAP agalactiae usually exhibit which
* Differential Test: NOVOBIOCIN DISK TEST (5ug) of the following sensitivity
- S. saprophyticus (RESISTANT) patterns?
- S. epidermidis (SUSCEPTIBLE)
A. Bacitracin and SXT resistant
55. The following are true of B. Bacitracin susceptible ; SXT resistant
C. Bacitracin/Susceptible ; SXT susceptible
bacitracin disk test, EXCEPT:
D. Bacitracin Intermediate ; SXT susceptible
A. May be used to identify Group A Streptococci
B. Differentiate Catalase-positive gram-positive cocci 59. The CAMP test refers to a
C. Staphylococci and S. agalactiae are resistant hemolytic interaction between the
D. Can be used to differentiate S. pneumoniae and extracellular protein produced by
Viridans Streptococci
Group B streptococci and the beta
E. None of These
hemolysin produced by:
A. S. pyogenes B. S. aureus
C. C. perfringens D. S. epidermidis
* A. S. pyogenes = SUSCEPTIBLE
* B. Genus Staphylococcus = RESISTANT
Genus Micrococcus = SUSCEPTIBLE * CAMP TEST
* D. S. pneumoniae = SUSCEPTIBLE - To do CAMP test we use BAP
Viridans = RESISTANT - Known Organism: S. aureus
(Beta Hemolytic).
- We do CAMP test because we
have an UNKNOWN organism.
* UNKNOWN Organism (Grp. B S. agalactiae)
* A. Enterococci
- Inoculate the unknown PERPENDICULAR, SINGLE
- Bile Esculin Test (+) ; PYR Test & Salt
STREAK on BAP
Tolerance test (6.5%) (+): Penicillin-RESISTANT
RESULTS:
ও S. pneumoniae
* (+) Result: Enhanced hemolysisas shown by
- Alphahemolytic : Bile Solubility Test &
ARROW HEAD zone of BETA HEMOLYSIS
Neufeld Quellung (encapsulated) (+)
* (-) Result: NO ENHANCED HEMOLYSIS
- SUSCEPTIBLE to Optochin/TAXO P
NOTE: If S. agalactiae is not present hemolysis still
present BUT NO ENHANCE HEMOLYSIS

* S. bovis
- Classified as Viridans Streptococci
- Bile Solubility & Neufeld Quellung (-)
- RESISTANT to Optochin/TAXO P
* S. agalactiae
- BAP: Beta-Hemolytic
- CAMP test & Hippurate Hydrolysis Test (+)
- RESISTANT Bacitracin
- CAN TOLERATE 6.5% SALT ; BILE ESCULIN (-)

60. Sodium deoxycholate is used 62. What is the positive color

to observe the autolysis of the reaction in PYR Test?
colonies of? A. Purple B. Red
C. Blue D. Black
A. Group A Streptococci B. S. peumoniae
C. Enterococci D. S. agalactiae
We do PYR test to:
* Identify S. pyogenes (+)
BILE SOLUBILITY TEST * Identify Enterococci (+)
- To differentiate S. pneumoniae from Viridans
* PURPLE - (+) Cytochrome Oxidase Test
Streptococci (Both are ALPHA HEMOLYTIC)
- Neisseria spp.
PROCEDURE:
* BLUE - (+) Citrate, Acetamide, Malonate
* Media : BAP - Then Incubate
Utilization Test
* Reagent : 10% Sodium Desoxycholate -
* BLACK - (+) Bile Esculin Test
Incubate for 30 mins. at 35-37°C
ও (+) Result: LYSIS OF COLONIES
ও (-) Result: INTACT COLONIES 63. Which of the following are
characteristics of the
enterococci?
* Group A Streptococci (S. pyogenes) 1. Bile Soluble
- To identify: PYR Test, Bacitracin Disk Test 2. Hydrolyses Esculin
* Enterococci 3. Optochin Sensitive
- To identify: Bile Esculin Test 4. Penicillin Resistant
* S. agalactiae A. 1 & 3 B. 2 & 4
- To identify: CAMP Test, Hipurate Hydrolysis C. 1, 2 & 3 D. 1, 2, 3, & 4
Test

BILE SOLUBILITY & OPTOCHIN SENSITIVE is

characteristic of S. pneumoniae
61. A streptococcal isolate is
capable of growing in 6.5% salt BILE ESCULIN TEST
broth but does not hydrolyze * Uses Bile Esculin Media (Tubed Media,
esculin or grow in media Dispensed as Slant) (Inoculate - Incubation)
ও NO REAGENT
containing bile is most likely?
* INDICATOR: Ferrin Ammonium Citrate
A. E. fecalis B. S. pneumoniae * Result: (+) BLACKENING OF MEDIA
C. S. agalactiae D. S. bovis
64. The primary cause of
meningitis in newborns is? * CATALASE TEST
- To differentiate Staphylococci & Micrococci (+)
A. S. agalactiae B. S. pneumoniae
from Streptococci (-)
C. N. meningitidis D. S. pyogenes
- Uses 3% hydrogen peroxide (+) result: VIGOROUS
BUBBLING
* MANNITOL FERMENTATION TEST
* S. pneumoniae - To detect Staphylococcus aureus
- Adult bacterial meningitis (above 29/y/o - Uses Manitol Salt Agar : with PHENOL RED as
- lobar pneumonia : otitis media ( indicatoor and 7.5% salt as an inhibitory agent
ear infection) - (+) result: YELLOW HALO AROUND THE COLONIES
* S. pyogenes
- MAJORE THROAT PATHOGEN
- Pharyngitis : Scarlet fever : Necrotizing * DNase TEST
fasciitis : Erysipelas (Skin Infection) - To detect S. aureus : Serratia & M. catarrhalis (+)
2 METHODS:
65. Which of the following is not 1) HCL Precipitation Method
- use of 0.1 N HCL
one of the components of Modified
- (+) result: CLEARING OF AGAR around the
Thayer-Martin medium for
colonies
Neisseria? 2) DYE Method
A. Colistin B. Nalidixic Acid - Methyl Green (Clear Zone around the colonies)
C. Nystatin D. Tri methoprim - Toluidine Blue (Pink Zone around the colonies)

THAYER MARTIN (Selective Media) 68. The following are true of the
- ENRICHED CHOCOLATE AGAR and it contains the D test for Staphylococcus
following antibiotics: macrolide resistance except:
* VANCOMYCIN - inhibits gram (+) A. Uses 15uq E and 2ug CC disks dispensed 15mm apart
* COLISTIN - inhibits gram (-) B. Detects inducible clindamycin resistance
* NYSTATIN - prevents fungi C. Flattening of the E-zone constitute a positive result
MODIFIED THAYER MARTIN D. Performed when macrolide results are discrepant
- same components as Thayer Martin but with
Trimetophrim Lactate (to prevent swarming
organisms) DOUBLE DISK DIFFUSION TEST (D-Test)
- An antibiotic susceptibility test in which only two
66. Which of the following is not antibiotics are placed on the media
among the virulence factors of N. * 15 ug Erythromycin They are both macrolide
gonorrhoeae? * 2 ug Clindamycin CONFIRMATORY TEST
A. Capsule B. IgA protease PURPOSE FOR CLINDAMYCIN
C. Pili D. Lipooligosaccharide (Endotoxin) D-test is performed for inducible clindamycin
E. None of These resistance of Staphylococcus aureus
LYSOSTAPHIN : SUSCEPTIBLE

NESSERIA GONORRHOEAE
- Unlike N. meningitidis this is not a normal flora but
a pathogen.
- Its has a lot of virulence factor but the MAJOR one D-TEST PROCEDURE
is the PILI. 1) Inoculate in MUELLER HINTON AGAR (MHA)
PILI -it facilitates attachment or adherence of 2) Put the 2 antibiotics ERYTHROMYCIN and
organism to host cells CLINDAMYCIN (15mm apart)
CAPSULE, IgA PROTEASE, ENDOTOXIN - facilitates in 3) Incubate
the adaptation of N. gonorrhea to the host cell. 4) Observe FLATTENING of the clindamycin zone
which constitutes a (+) result. LARGE D ZONE
Erythromycin : RESISTANT
67. The following reactions are
true of Staphylococcus aureus
except:
A. DNAse Positive B. Mannitol Fermenter
C. Catalase Positive D. Lysostaphin Resistant
69. Streptococci that do not grow 73. Slime and Biofilm formation
both at 10°C and 45°C are exhibited by some microorganisms
classified as: has:
A. Viridans B. Pyogenic A. Antiphagocytic action
C. Lactic D. Enterococci B. Ability to promote adherence to catheters and
prostheses
C. Shown involvement in gene conjugation
One way to classify Streptococci is the type of D. None of These
hemolysis they produce on BAP (Beta-hemolytic strep
or Gamma-hemolytic strep)
* Antiphagocytic - responsible for
Another way to classify strep is their growth at 10°C & this is the capsule of gram (-)
45°C temperature. bacterias, in exception to some with
* VIRIDANS - (+) 45°C : (-) 10°C capsuleless.
* LACTIC - (+) 10°C : (-) 45°C
* Gene Conjugation -responsible for
* ENTEROCOCCI - (+) 10°C and 45°C this is the PILI

70. The following Streptococcus 74. Which of the following

species are beta hemolytic on BAP statements is correct regarding
EXCEPT: Kirby Bauer Technique?
A. S. anginosus B. S. equisimilis A. To maintain potency of antibiotic disc, stock supply
C. S. mutans D. Group B Streptococcus should be kept frozen at -70°C
B. Working supply may be kept for more than a month
inside a refrigerator 2-8°C
* STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS C. Disc should be of correct diameter 7.35mm
- Classified as a Viridans D. None Of These
Streptococcus , ALPHA HEMOLYTIC
- Primary contributor to Dental
Caries
* To maintain potency of antibiotic discs, stock
supply should be kept frozen at -20°C
71. The most likely cause of * Working supply of antibiotic disc should not be
subacute bacteria endocarditis: kept inside the refrigerator for more than a
A. S. aureus B. S. epidermidis month.
C. Streptococcus grp. A D. Viridans Streptococci * Disc should be used must have a diameter of
6.35mm

* VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI
- major throat flora 75. Which of the following
statements is correct when it
comes to quality control of
72. If the zone size for bacteriological equipment?
intermediate is 14-16mm, a zone A. Technical maintenance and inspection of autoclave
of >17 mm of an organism is must be done every 6 months
reported as: B. Centrifuge brushes must be replaced every 6 moths
C. Inside part of hot oven for sterilization of glassware
A. Intermediate B. Susceptible
must be cleansed every week
C. Resistant D. Borderline
D. All of these

NO SUCH INTERPRETATION IS BORDERLINE

* Centifuge brushes must be replaced
* <13mm interpreted as RESISTANT ANUALLY
* >16mm interpreted as SUSCEPTIBLE * Inside part of hot oven for sterilization
* >14mm interpreted as INTERMEDIATE of glassware must be cleansed MONTHLY
76. Resistance to which drug 78. Which of the following
categorizes a strain of characterize the CoNS?
Staphylococcus aureuss as A. Catalase (+): Coagulase (-): Gamma Hemolytic
methicillin-resistant B. DNase (+); Catalase (+): Beta Hemolytic
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)? C. Coagulase (-): DNase (-): Mannitol Fermentation (+)
A. Oxacillin D. Mannitol Fermentation (-): Coagulase (-): Alpha
B. Colistin Hemolytic
C. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
D. Tetracyclin
CoNS (True about them)
* Staphylococcus epidermidis
* Staphylococcus saprophyticus
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
- Produces BETA LACTAMASE thats why it is resistant DNase (-), Mannitol Fermentation (-)
to BETA-LACTAM antibiotics

BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS (Cell Wall Inhibitors)

* Penicillin 79. Carbohydrate fermentation
* Cephalosporin results in the formation of .
* Carbapenems
Which leads to the generation of
when phenol red is used as
the pH indicator.
A. Alkaline by products: a yellow color
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TREATMENT B. Alkaline by products: a pink to red color
- we use PENICILLINASE RESISTANT DRUGS C. Acid by products: a purple color
PENICILLINASE RESISTANT DRUGS (PRD) D. Acid by products: a yellow color
* Methicillin
* Oxacillin
* Nafcillin Carbohydrate fermentation is
RESISTANT to PRD - MethicillinRSA/OxacillinRSA done in the laboratory to
Resistance is due to PBP2a (Penicillin Binding detect the ability of an
Protein2a) in cell wall organism to produce ACID
PBP2a is encoded by mecA gene

80. The 6.5% NaCL test is

considered positive when one
TETRACYCLINE - an antibiotic that inhibits observes:
protein synthesis
TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE A. Blackening in the media
(Sulfonamide) -antibiotic that inhibits folic B. Inhibition of Growth
acid synthesis C. Growth in the broth
COLISTIN, BACITRACIN, POLYMYXIN - cell D. An arrowhead clearing
membrane inhibitor

* BILE ESCULIN TEST - blackening of the media

77. What is the positive and
ও SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST - Inhibition of growth
negative result in Coagulase and ও CAMP TEST - An arrowhead clearing
Bile solubility tests? * SALT TOLERANCE TEST
A. Clot formation & Intact colonies - Use of BHI-Brain Heart Infusion. then we add
B. Clot Formation & Blackening of the media 6.5% salt
C. Bubbling & Lysis of colonies - (+) Turbidity with or without change in color
D. Bubbling & Intact colonies - (-) No turbidity and no change in color

COAGULASE TEST - definitive test for S.

aureus
81. A physician has sent an
expectorated sputum specimen
collected from an elderly female * S. epidermidis
suspected of having - Gram (+) cocci
* N. meningitidis
pneumonia, to the laboratory. The
- Ferments MALTOSE and GLUCOSE
gram stain revealed many grams
(+) diplococci & many WBC's. The
isolate grows
as an alpha-hemolytic, mucoid 84. CAMP is a factor produced by
gray colony. It does not bubble Group B Streptococci that
with catalase reagent. The most A. Reduces the zone of lysis formed by the Streptococci
appropriate action to B. Hydrolyzes the B factor
take is: C. Causes a change in color
A. Report as "Normal respiratory flora" D. Enlarges the zone of lysis formed by the
B. Perform a PYR test Staphylococcal beta hemolysis
C. Repeat the catalase test
D. Perform a bile solubility or optochin

To do CAMP test we use BAP Media, KNOWN

organism (S. auereus), UNKNOWN (S.
agalactiae)
* If Catalase (-) = NOT Staphylococci nor Micrococcie BOTH are beta-hemolytic, if inoculated at the
ও If its Diplococci (Pairs) = NOT Streptococci (Chains) same time in BAP medium it will produce a
ও Alpha hemolytic = S. pneumoniae & Viridans large zone of lysis.
* Pneumoniae = S. pneumoniae BETA + BETA = ENHANCED HEMOLYSIS
* Viridans Streptococci - Sub Acute Bacterial
Endocarditis

85. New York City Media for

isolation of Neisseria
gonorrhoeae contains which of the
82. A positive DNase test would
following antibiotics.
be indicated by:
A. Colonies becoming pink & finally black 1. Trimetophrim lactate
B. Bubbling up from the colony 2. Colistin
C. Clear zones around the growth 3. Vancomycin
D. Clotting of the plasma 4. Anisomycin
A. 1 & 3 B. 2 & 4 C. 1,2 & 3
D. 1,2,3 & 4 E. none of these

* CLOTTING OF PLASMA =
Coagulase Test
* BUBBLING = Catalase Test NEW YORK CITY MEDIA
* BROTH BLACT = Bile Esculin Test * Trimetophrim Lactate - prevent swarming
organisms
* Colistin - inhibits other gram (-) organisms
ও Vancomycin - prevents gram (+) organisms
83. A fastidious gram-negative
ও Amphotericin B - Antifungal (same w/
cocci turns purplish-black with Anisomycin)
the oxidase reagent, bubbles with
catalase test &
produce acid in glucose only is
potentially:
A. S. epidermidis
B. Saprophytic Neisseria
C. N. meningitidis
D. N. gonorrhoeae
86. Serious complications that 89. Choose the incorrect pair
may develop following Group A between biochemical test &
beta hemolytic Streptococcal reagent /indicator used.
Infection A. Bile solubility test – ferric ammonium citrate
A. Ritter’s disease & scalded skin syndrome B. PYR – n-n dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde
B. erysipelas & rheumatic fever C. Superoxol test – Hydrogen peroxide
C. osteomyelitis & acute glomerulonephritis D. Mannitol Fermentation test – phenol red
D. Acute glomerulonephritis & rheumatic fever

* BILE SOLUBILITY TEST - 10% sodium desoxycholate &

BAP : to detect S. pneumoniae (+) lysis
* GROUP A (Streptococcus pyogenes)
* BILE ESCULIN TEST - ferric ammonium citrate indicator
- Mediated by M PROTEIN
* PYR-n-n dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde - to identify
* Staphylococcus aureus S. pyogenes & Enterococci (+) red
- Ritter's Disease/Scalded Skin Syndrome
* SUPEROCOL TEST-HYDROGEN PEROXIDE - (+)
- Osteomyelitis
buubbling-rapid test for N. gonorrhoea
* Streptococcus pyogenes * MANNITOL FERMENTATION TEST - PHENOL RED - (+)
- Erysipelas (Complication) & Rheumatic Fever yellow halo around the colonies : identification for S.
aureus

87. Which of the following gene

90. Choose the correct pair
is responsible for Staphylococcal
between biochemical test &
resistance to Methichillin?
positive result
A. mecA gene B. emm gene
A. Microdase test – purple
C. PBP2A gene D. None of These
B. Catalase test – clot formation
C. Bile solubility test – blackening of media
D. Bacitracin Disk Test – growth inhibition
MRSA/ORSA - METHICILIN/OXACILLIN RESISTANT SA
- Responsible for S. aureus resistance is PBP2a
* MICRODASE TEST - for identification of MICROCOCCI
(Penicillin Binding Protein 2a , facilitated by mecA
(+) BLUE
gene
* CATALASE TEST - for identification of genus
- GOLD STANDARD for MRSA SETECTION :
STAPHYLOCOCCUS & MICROCOCCUS (+) BUBBLING
PCR, detect mecA gene
* BILE SOLUBILITY TEST - to differentiate Alpha
emm gene codes for cell surface M protein
Hemolytic Strep to S. pneumonia and Viridans (+) LYSIS
(Antiphagocytic) in S. pyogenes (Major VF)
OF COLONIES
* BILE ESCULIN TEST - BLACKENING OF MEDIA
* BACITRACIN TEST - to identify S. pyogense & to
88. Observation of lancet shaped differentiate Staphylococci (R) from Micrococci (S)
gram+ diplococci and partial
hemolysis on BAP should warrant 91. Which of the following
further tests such virulence factor of
as: Staphylococcus aureus is involved
1. Bile Esculin Test in the blockage of phagocytosis?
2. Susceptibility Test using TAXO P A. protein A B. Duran Raynal Factor
3. Capsular swelling test C. PVL D. Staphylokinase
A. 1 & 2 B. 2 & 3 C. 1 & 3
D. 1,2 & 3 E. none of these

* DURAN RAYNAL FACTOR/HYALURONIDASE - it is a

spreading factor enhance ability of S. aureus to invade
S. pneumoniae - Lancet-shaped gram (+)
tissues
TAXO P/Optochin Test - SUSCEPTIBLE
* PVL/PANTON VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN - responsible
for the destruction of WBC
Bile Esculin Test - screening test for
* STAPHYLOKINASE - produce by S. aureus but do not
determination of Enterococci & Non-
prevents phagocytosis: it promotes fibrinolysis (VF
Enterococci
involve in the dissolution of clot).
92. Neisseria lactamica will
ferment which of the following?
PYR TEST - identification of S. pyogenes &
1. lactose
Enterococi
2. Glucose
HIPPURATE HYDROLYSIS TEST
3. Maltose
- use to identify Streptococcus agalactiae
A. 1 only B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 3
MANNITOL FERMENTATION
D. 1,2 & 3 E. none of these
- to identify S. aureus

95. After 48 hours of incubation,

TO IDENTIFY GENUS NEISSERIA WE DO CYTOCHROME
OXIDASE TEST (Screening test, almost is oxidase (+))
colonies which may appear like a
* N. gonorrhoeae - GLUCOSE only “coin with a raised rim” may be
* N. meningitidis - GLUCOSE & MALTOSE typical of ?
* N. lactamica - GLUCOSE, MALTOSE, & LACTOSE : A. S. agalactiae B. S. pyogenes
ONPG Test (+) - test to detect late lactose fermenters
C. S. aureus D. S. pneumoniae
ও N. sica - GLUCOSE, MALTOSE, SUCROSE, &
FRUCTOSE
* S. agalactiae - On SBA - GRAYISH WHITE mucoid
colonies (due to its capsule) - Beta hemolytic
93. Resistance to which of the * S. pyogenes - On SBA - SMALL, TRANSPARENT, &
following antibiotics will SMOOTH colonies- Beta Hemolytic
separate Group B from Group A * S. aureus - Medium Sized - CREAMY/BUTYROUS
beta hemolytic Streptococci. colonies (Oily colonies) - sometimes YELLOW PIGMENT
A. Bacitracin B. SXT ও S. pnemoniae - after 24hrs. - DOME SHAPED colonies
C. Optochin D. A & B only (Raised Colonies). After 48 hrs. (Prolonged) it will
E. All of these collapsed forming CRATER-LIKE : NAIL HEAD: colonies
with checker appearance

96. The component of GC-LECT

* GROUP B - S. agalactiae (RESISTANT
to Bacitracin)
medium inhibitory to gram
* GROUP A - S. pyogenes (SENSITIVE to positive organisms
Bacitracin) 1. Vancomycin
Group A and B are RESISTANT to SXT & 2. Colistin
Optochin Test 3. Lincomycin
4. Amphotericin B
A. 1 only B. 1 & 3 C. 2 & 4
94. Which of the following D. 1,2 & 3 E. 1,2,3 & 4
biochemical test may prove to be
useful in identifying gram +
cocci that gave a negative
* GC-LECT - selective media for the genus Neisseria
Catalase Test result? - We used GC-LECT media in addition to Thayer
A. PYR B. Hippurate Hydrolysis Test Martin, Modified-Thayer Martin, Martin-Lewis, and
C. LAP Test D. Mannitol Fermentation New York City Media
Conmtains Antibiotics:
* VANCOMYCIN - inhibits gram (+) organisms
CATALASE TEST - Differentiate Staphylococci & * COLISTIN - inhibits gram (-) organisms
Micrococci from Streptococci * LINCOMYCIN - inhibits gram (+) organisms
If catalase test is NEGATIVE, the next step is to doing a * AMPHOTERICIN B - inhibits fungi
LAP TEST
- this test is identifying GRAM (+) cocci that gave a
NEGATIVE CATALASE TEST result.
LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE/LAP TEST
Reagent : CINNAMALDEHYDE
(+) Result : RED
(-) Result : NO COLOR CHANGE / SLIGHT YELLOW
97. Which of the following media 99. Which of the following
that when used will support not correctly describes M.
only the growth of N. gonorrhoeae catarrhalis?
but other 1. asaccharolytic
urogenital pathogens as well? 2. DNase (+)
A. Modified Thayer Martin B. Martin Lewis media 3. Produces “hockey puck” colonies
C. New York City Media D. none of these A. 1 & 3 B. 2 & 3 C. 1,2 & 3
D. 1 & 2 E. None of these

* MODIFIED THAYER MARTIN

Vancomycin, Colistin, NYSTATIN, Trimetophrim Lactate * Moraxella catarrhalis
* MARTIN LEWIS MEDIA - classified as gram (-) organism, though it is
Vancomycin, Colistin, ANISOMYCIN, Trimetophrim considered as NORMAL FLORA, it can cause OTITIS
Lactate MEDIA
* NEW YORK CITY MEDIA
Vancomycin, Colistin, AMPHOTERICIN B, Trimetophrim CHARACTERISTICS:
Lactate * Asaccharolytic/Non-saccharolytic - will not produce
-NYC Media can allow growth of other organisms such a positive result in any carbohydrates fermentation test
as M. hominis & Ureaplasma urealyticum (Negative in ALL CHO)

98. which of the following

organisms is more likely to cause TO DETECT M. catarrhalis:
DIC – disseminated intravascular * Butyrate Disk Test/Tributyrin Test
coagulation because - rapid test to detect M. catarrhalis
of severe bacterial infection? - Result: (+) BLUE, HOCKEY PUCK COLONIES
A. S. pyogenes B. S. pneumoniae (Colonies remaining intact when pushed across the
C. S. aureus D. N. meningitidis plate using inoculating loop)

* Streptococcus pyogenes
- causes PHARYNGITIS, SCARLET FEVER,
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS, & ERYSIPELAS (Skin Infection) 100. Observation of gram + cocci
in cuboidal packets may be
* Streptococcus pneumoniae
- causes LOBAR PNEUMONIA (agent of Meningitis),
suggestive of which of the
ADULT BACTERIAL MENINGITIS, also an agent of OTITIS following genera?
MEDIA A. Neisseria B. Micrococci
C. Staphylococci D. Streptococci

Cuboidal Pockets - means in TETRADS

* Staphylococcus aureus
* Neisseria
- causes FOOD POISONING, TOXIC SHOCK
- appears BEAN-SHAPED DIPLOCOCCI
SYNDROME, SCALDEDSKIN SYNDROME and other skin
* Staphylococci
infections (Boils, Carbuncles, Furuncles, and so on)
- appears GRAPE-LIKE CLUSTERS
* Streptococci
* Neisseria meningitidis
- appears as CHAINS
- causes MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCEMIA, and
WATERHOUSE FRIEDERICHSEN SYNDROME
(uncontrollable clotting of the blood), and those with
such may experience DIC

--- THE END ---

S.D JORE