Scribd
Upload
93 views

Off. Inputs and Outputs

Logic gates are elementary building blocks of digital circuits that process input signals logically and output a 1 or 0. The main types are AND, OR, and NOT. AND gates output 1 only if all inputs are 1, while OR gates output 1 if any input is 1. NOT gates invert the input. Alternative gates like NAND, NOR, and XOR are combinations of these. Logic gates are represented by symbols and truth tables, and are used as basic components to build digital circuits and systems.

Uploaded by

Onose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views

Off. Inputs and Outputs

Logic gates are elementary building blocks of digital circuits that process input signals logically and output a 1 or 0. The main types are AND, OR, and NOT. AND gates output 1 only if all inputs are 1, while OR gates output 1 if any input is 1. NOT gates invert the input. Alternative gates like NAND, NOR, and XOR are combinations of these. Logic gates are represented by symbols and truth tables, and are used as basic components to build digital circuits and systems.

Uploaded by

Onose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

LOGIC GATES

A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital


circuit. It processes one or more input signal in a logical
fashion. Depending on the input value. The logic gate will
either output a value of ‘1’ for ON or a value of ‘0’ for
OFF.

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS


Gates have two or more inputs, except a NOT gate which
has only one input. All gates have only one output.
Usually the letters A, B, C and so on are used to label
inputs and output.

TYPES OF STANDARD LOGIC GATE


There are basically three types of standard single logic
gate. They are:
AND
OR
NOT gates

There are also other ones, such as NAND, NOR, and


XNOR
AND GATE

‘AND’ gates are like two or more switches in series. All


the switches have to ON or value of 1 in order to make the
lamp (output) turn ON (1). If all the inputs are not ‘ON’,
the output is ‘OFF’.

LOGIC SYMBOL FOR AND GATE

TRUTH TABLE FOR “AND” GATE

INPU INPUT OUTPUT


T
A B C
All the value of the AND
0 0 0 gate must be a ‘1’ in order or
0 1 0 the output value to be ‘1’.
1 0 0 Any other input combination
1 1 1 will result in zero.

OR GATE
An OR gate is a digital logic gate that gives an output of 1
when any of its inputs are 1, otherwise 0.
LOGIC SYMBOL FOR “OR” GATE

TRUTH TABLE OF “OR” GATE

INPU INPUT OUTPUT


T
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
A value of ‘1’ applied to either or both inputs of the OR
gate will result in an output value of ‘1’. A value of ‘0’
applied to both inputs will result in an output of ‘0’.

NOT GATE
A NOT gate, often called an INVERTER. it has just one
input and output. If the input is 1, the output will be 0 and
if the input is 0 then the output will be 1.

LOGIC SYMBOL FOR NOT GATE


Truth Table of the NOT gate
INPUT OUTPUT
A C
0 1
 
1 0  
 

LOGIC EQUATIONS
Symbolic logic uses values, variables and operations;
TRUE is represented as 1 while FALSE as 0.
Variables are represented by letters and can have one or
two values, either 0 or 1.
Operations are functions of one or more variables.

AND GATE EQUATION


The AND gate operation can be expressed by a Boolean
algebra equation. For a 2-input AND gate, the equation is:
X=A.B
The symbol for the AND operation is a center dot (.). It
does not mean multiplication. The expression reads ‘X’
equals to A and B.

OR GATE EQUATION
The OR gate operation can also be expressed by a Boolean
algebra equation. For a 2-input OR gate, the equation is:
X= A+B
The symbol for the OR operation is a +. It does not mean
addition. The expression reads X equals to A or B.

NOT GATE EQUATION


The NOT gate operation can also be expressed by a
Boolean algebra equation
X= NOT A
X= A A complement bar (also called an over bar) is placed
over the assigned input letter. The expression reads ‘X’ is
equals to not ‘A’.

ALTERNATIVE LOGIC CIRCUIT


These are gates that are formed from combination of two
logic gates. There are two types of alternative logic gate:
NAND GATE and NOR GATE
A NAND gate is the combination of an AND gate and
NOT gate. It operates the same as an AND gate but the
output will be opposite.

LOGIC SYMBOL FOR THE “NAND” GATE


TRUTH TABLE FOR THE “NAND” GATE
INPU INPUT OUTPUT
T
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
NAND GATE EQUATION
The NAND gate operation can also be expressed by a
Boolean algebra equation. For a 2 – input NAND gate, the
equation is:
X = A.B
This equation read X equal to A and B NOT, which
simply means that the output of the gate is not a logic 1
when A and B inputs are their 1 states.

NOR GATE
A NOR gate is the combination of both an OR gate and
NOT gate. It operates the same as an OR gate, but the
output will be the opposite.
The NOR gate is a logic gate that outputs 1 (true) when
both of its inputs are 0 (false). That means that if at least
one of its inputs is 1 (true), the output will be 0.
The best way to remember a NOR operation is "neither
one or the other, nor both."

TRUTH TABLE FOR THE “NOR” GATE


INPU INPUT OUTPUT
T
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
NOR GATE EQUATION
The NOR gate operation can also be expressed by a
Boolean algebra equation. For a 2 – input

X=A+B
The expression is the same as the OR gate with an over
bar above the entire portion of the equation representing
the input. This equation read X equal to A or B NOT,
which simply means that the output of the gate is not a
logic 1 when A or B are in their 1 states.

XOR GATE
The XOR (exclusive – OR) gate acts in the same way as
the logical “either or”. The output is “True” if either but
not both, of the inputs are “true”. The output is “false” or
if both inputs are “true”.

LOGIC SYMBOL FOR “XOR” GATE

TRUTH TABLE FOR THE “XOR” GATE


INPU INPUT OUTPUT
T
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
USES OF LOGIC GATE
Logic gate are used as building blocks of digital electronic
hardware
Logic gates are used in the construction of simple
comparator
It is used in constructing alarms
It is used in traffic light controller
It is used in Light activated burglar.
It is used in arithmetic and logic unit.

You might also like