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Drought Presentation

This document discusses drought, its causes and impacts, as well as measures for water conservation and augmentation. It defines different types of drought and explains how factors like reduced rainfall, unusual ocean currents, wind patterns, and human activities can cause drought. It outlines drought contingency planning and various strategies for mitigating, relieving, and rehabilitating from drought. These include constructing dams and reservoirs, cloud seeding, desalination, monitoring rainfall and usage, land use planning, water restrictions, and rainwater harvesting. The document also discusses water conservation methods like improving irrigation efficiency, reducing losses, reuse of wastewater, roofing reservoirs, and harvesting rainwater and runoff.

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Akhil Revta
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78 views

Drought Presentation

This document discusses drought, its causes and impacts, as well as measures for water conservation and augmentation. It defines different types of drought and explains how factors like reduced rainfall, unusual ocean currents, wind patterns, and human activities can cause drought. It outlines drought contingency planning and various strategies for mitigating, relieving, and rehabilitating from drought. These include constructing dams and reservoirs, cloud seeding, desalination, monitoring rainfall and usage, land use planning, water restrictions, and rainwater harvesting. The document also discusses water conservation methods like improving irrigation efficiency, reducing losses, reuse of wastewater, roofing reservoirs, and harvesting rainwater and runoff.

Uploaded by

Akhil Revta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of drought, Causes of drought, measures for water conservation


and augmentation, drought contingency planning.

Water harvesting: rainwater collection, small dams, runoff enhancement,


runoff collection, ponds, tanks.
 Normal, recurrent feature of climate
 Occurs everywhere, vary from region to region.
 Originates from deficiency of precipitation.
 Impact on ecosystem and agricultural of affected
region.
 Drought leads to food insecurity, famine,
malnutrition, epidemics and displacement of
populations.
 Meteorological drought

 Agricultural drought

 Hydrological drought

 Socioeconomic drought
 Reduced rainfall results in drought.
 Occurs because water vapour not brought by air
currents to right areas at right times.
 Unusual currents of cold and warm water in oceans
creates high pressure. El Nino causes drought in Asia.
 Mountain prevent wind from blowing moisture to
needy region.
 In India when water vapour moves from east to west,
water vapour does not leave Indian ocean causes
drought.

 Human activity directly trigger over farming, excessive


irrigation, deforestation.

 Global warming result in rainfall in some areas and


drought in some areas.
 To provide contingency plans to manage drought and
emergency conditions.
 To continue to deliver a cost effective, adequate, safe
and reliable supply of water.
 The provision of credit or cash/food for work
 Maintaining water supply for animals and humans
 Maintaining cereal availability
 Human and livestock health service provision
 Support for private sector
 Provide fodder for affected stock
 Flexible taxation systems for affected people
Drought contingency planning allow for implementation
of :

 Mitigation

 Relief

 Rehabilitation
Drought contingency planning for implementation:
 Overall drought policy, setting out plans objectives of
minimizing the impact of drought
 Set plans for specific mitigation, relief and
rehabilitation measures
 Construction of dams and additional reservoirs for
supply of water.
 Cloud seeding- artificial rain
 Desalination of sea water for irrigation or
consumption.
 Drought monitoring by total rainfall levels and total
usage levels
 Land use by carefully planned crop rotation
 Outdoor water use restriction
 Rainwater harvesting
 Recycled water
 Relief works
 Disease prevention and control
 Contingency planning done by Govt.
 Policy issues, national, regional and district level
 rural development infrastructure
 input supply, marketing and farm advisory services
 Non- Govt.
 NGO’S
 Rural institutions
 Private sectors
 It includes methods for providing an entirely new
supply of fresh water and techniques for increasing
utility of available supplies of water.
 New supply of water include weather modification.
 Weather modification done to increase precipitation
and decrease Evapotranspiration.
 Cloud seeding done to increase precipitation.
Available water supplies increased by conservation of
available water supplies.

 Agricultural water requirements can be reduced by


reducing conveyance losses, and discouraging wasteful
irrigation techniques.
 Technique should be developed to reduce water
consumption in home and industry.
 Evaporation losses from small reservoirs can be
reduced by providing roofs.
 Reclamation and reuse of waste water can be
encouraged.
 Evaporation loss in ground water is less. Use of
ground water storage reservoir in conjunction with
surface storage reservoirs.
 Infiltration losses can be reduced by sealing the soil
surface useful in arid regions.
 Water harvesting done by collecting from roof top,
pavements, constructing small storage.
Goals of water conservation efforts include:

 Sustainability- ensure availability for future


generations
 Energy conservation- world 15% energy production
dependent on water management.
 Habitat conservation- preserve fresh water habitat,
migrating waterfowl.
Benefits of water conservation:

 Save water save money.


 Reduction in excess water use reduce waste water
generation, reduce overflowing of gutter.
 Ecosystem and habitat protection.
 Helps in improving quality of drinking water.
gricultural (irrigation) conservation

 Improved irrigation methods such as sprinklers or


drip irrigation.
 Water required for agricultural considerably reduced
by reducing conveyance loss.
 Evaporation losses from small reservoirs can be
reduced by providing roofs over them.
 Use of lined canals which reduce seepage and
evaporation.
 Use of ground water storage reservoir in conjunction
with modern surface storage reservoirs to reduce
evaporation loss, in arid regions.
 Price agricultural water to encourage conservation.
 Infiltration losses reduced by sealing soil surface.
 Water harvesting in arid regions.
For conservation of water the following structures
can be constructed:

 Earthen bund
 Gully plugging
 Check dam
 Khet talawadi
Earthen bund
Gully plugging
Check dam
Khet Talawadi
 Collection of rain water called water harvesting.
 Rainwater harvesting is accumulation and storing of
rainwater for reuse, before it reaches aquifer.
 Water collected from roofs of houses, schools, local
institutions make important contribution.
 Water collected from ground, called storm water
harvesting.
enefits of rainwater harvesting

 Increase water availability


 Checks declining water table
 Environmental friendly
 Improves water quality of ground water
 Surface water runoff conservation
 Prevents soil erosion and flooding in urban area
ainwater harvesting technique

 Rainwater collection – Roof top rainwater harvesting


 Runoff collection – Surface runoff harvesting
 Recharge to ground water
 Runoff enhancement
 Rainwater captured from roof catchments and stored
in sub surface ground water reservoir.
 Objective is to make water available for future use.
 Useful in dry land, hilly, urban and costal areas.
Components of roof top rainwater harvesting

 a collection area
 a conveyance system
 storage facility
 a delivery system

 Storage reservoir expensive part, careful design and


construction required.
 First rainwater should be flushed or diverted.
 Surface runoff harvesting is traditional technique.

 Small dams, ponds, tanks are used.

 Used for irrigation, domestic, livestock use.


Small dams
 Small dams/check dams constructed in natural
channel to impound the runoff water up to certain
depth.
 Impounded water slowly infiltrate into soil and
recharge ground water.
Ponds and reservoirs
 Impounding type and dug-cut type ponds
constructed.
 In impounding type, a retaining wall or dam is
constructed to block the flow of water in a natural
storm.
 In dug-cut type area is excavated to store the runoff.

 Reservoirs requires water storage area, spillways and


earth embankment.
Storage tank
 Surface or above ground tank

 Subsurface or underground tank

Storage tanks require


 Solid secure cover

 Coarse inlet filter

 Overflow pipe

 Manhole, sump and drain to facilitate cleaning

 Outlet system, tap or pump


The structures generally used:
 Pits

 Trenches

 Dug well

 Hand pumps

 Recharge well

 Spreading techniques

 Underground reservoirs

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