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Oral Communication Reviewer

This document provides an overview of communication and its key elements. It discusses communication as a process involving sending and receiving messages through various channels and stages. Some key points made include: - Communication involves a sender encoding a message and a receiver decoding it, with the potential for feedback. - Models of communication include linear, interactive, and transactional models. - Elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, barriers, and setting. - Communication can be both verbal (oral, written, sign language) and nonverbal (body language, gestures, eye contact, posture). - Effective listening skills are important for good communication. - Intercultural communication presents

Uploaded by

Maureen Akimori
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
118 views

Oral Communication Reviewer

This document provides an overview of communication and its key elements. It discusses communication as a process involving sending and receiving messages through various channels and stages. Some key points made include: - Communication involves a sender encoding a message and a receiver decoding it, with the potential for feedback. - Models of communication include linear, interactive, and transactional models. - Elements of communication are the sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, barriers, and setting. - Communication can be both verbal (oral, written, sign language) and nonverbal (body language, gestures, eye contact, posture). - Effective listening skills are important for good communication. - Intercultural communication presents

Uploaded by

Maureen Akimori
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1 : COMMUNICATION LESSON 2 : THE PROCESS OF

COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION- IS A PROCESS BY
WHICH PEOPLE SEND MESSAGES OR COMMUNICATION PROCESS – refers to
EXCHANGE IDEAS OR THOUGHTS WITH the transmission of message from sender
ONE ANOTHER, to receiver
{Comes from the Word
“COMMUNICARE”- To share, to unite, to STAGES OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS
have things in common} 1. CONCEPTUALIZING – forming an idea
of something in your mind
HOWLAND JANIS AND KELLY 1985- 2. ENCODING- using certain words or
Communication is a process by which non-verbal methods to translate ideas
individual transmits stimuli to modify the into message
behaviors or other individuals 3. TRANSMITTING – transferring or
forwarding the message using channels
ANDERSON 1998- Communication is 4.RECEIVING- the message is reached
dynamic language means of by the receiver
communication 5. DECODING – the receiver interprets
the message
PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF 6.RESPONDING- giving an answer to the
COMMUNCIATION BARACEROS 2010 message of the sender
7.VERIFYING- Clarifications
~Communication is a process
~Communication is active powerful and
forceful
~Communication is symbolic
~Communication is schemata-driven
~Communication is an interpretative act
~Communication is contextual situation
~Communication is irreversible
~ Communication is ethical
~Communication always results in
something
~Communication is influenced by
media and technology
LESSON 3; MODELS OF COMMUNICATION LESSON 4: ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION MODELS- these are
the pictorial or graphical Communication is made up of
representations of communication `Sender
`Message
FOUR TYPES OF COMMUNICATION `Channel\Medium
`Receiver
LINEAR MODEL OF COMMUNICATION `Feedback\Response
~aristotle `Barriers\Noise
~ aristotelian model of communication `Communicative Setting
or box and arrow model of
communication SENDER:
~ the earliest model of communication also called as encoder or speaker
-One way communication ROLES \FUNCTIONS ARE:
Speaker-message-listener `Crafting the topic\conceptualizing
`Encoding
INTERACTIVE MODEL OF `Transmitting the message
COMMUNICATION In other forms of communication, the
~Proposed Janet Beavin, Paul receiver or other participants can be a
Watzlawich and David Jackson 1967 speaker or sender
~Two way process
~Feedback and Barrier MESSAGE:
~also called “ Saw tooth model” to be delivered or imparted to
somebody, the information or the
SOCIAL CULTURAL MODEL OF content that the sender wants to
COMMUNICATION convey
~This model stresses the strong influence
of social and cultural elements: Belief, CHANNEL\MEDIUM
Attitudes ,Customs, Tradition A type of media that is used to transfer
a message, The means by which the
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL OF message is sent.
COMMUNICATION
~Also called cyclical or spiral model RECEIVER:
~Has strong similarities with the Also called Decoder, Listener and
interactive model of communication Audience, The one who receivers the
when it comes to components message and decodes it
~ Message or reactions comes
simultaneously FEEDBACK OR RESPONSE
The indicator that the listener received
the message, The reply
LESSON 4 LESSON 5 : VERBAL AND NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
NOISE\BARRIERS
anything that interrupts the VERBAL COMMUNICATION
communication process, an element sharing of information by the speech or
that should be avoided by words

Types of Noise: TYPES OF VERBAL


`Physical Noise {Loud sounds} Oral
EX: barking dogs , motorcycles engines, Written
your seatmate who talks aloud Sign Language

`Psychological Noise {Emotional NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION


conditions} communication by sending wordless
EX: sadness, depression, confusion, clues
anxiety
TYPES OF NON VERBAL
`Physiological Noise {Body Pains } COMMUNICATION
EX: Headache, tooth aches `Kinesics- body movements or body
language :
`Semantic Noise >Gestures -Movement of your body
EX: jargons, mispronunciations especially hands and arms
2 Categories of gestures
COMMUNICAIVE SETTINGS >Speech Independent- nonverbal
actions that have a direct verbal
`Physical Location Component- usually translation
chosen for the purpose it will serve. >Speech Related- Used in parallel with
EX: a classroom is used for teaching and verbal speech
learning Types of Gestures
>ADAPTORS- Manipulations of some
`Psychological Setting Component- objects sub consciously
depends on the participants on how >EMBLEMS- Gestures with specific
they will use the location meaning. It is usually culture specific
EX: a classroom is used for teacher and >ILLUSTRATORS- use to illustrate verbal
learning but it can be used for PTA messages
meetings >REGULATORS- use to control\regulate
the behavior
>Eye Contact
INDICATES LESSON 6 : HEARING VS LISTENING
`Interest
`Respect HEARING:
`Feelings and Emotions ~A Natural ability to receive sound
>Posture- The way your body is waves
positioned, standing , sitting, squatting ,
lying down LISTENING :
>Touch ~Understanding what you heard
>Facial expressions -Collective moments Types of listening
of some parts of the face 1.Appreciative listening – listening for
7 Universal expressions enjoyment
`Enjoyment 2.Emphatic Listening
`Anger 3.Comprehesive listening to
`Fear comprehend the message
`Contempt 4.Critical Listening, listening to evaluate
`Disgust
`Sadness WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO SHOW
`Oculesics-Communication through eye EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS ?
behaviors and eye contact `Improve team building
`Haptics-communication by touch `Boost growth
>Professional- Functional `Increase innovation
>Social-Polite `Improve productivity
`Proxemics- refers to how space and `Increase efficiency
distance influence communication `Increase Loyalty
>Intimate distance-0-18 inches `Reduce Conflict
>Personal distance-1.5 ft. – 4ft. `Increase employee engagement
>Social distance- 4ft.-12ft `Resolve problem
>Public distance- 12ft+ `Enhance skills
`Vocalics- also called as paralanguage,
Vocalized but nonverbal parts of
message, tone , pitch , voice,
modulation, rate and stress
`Chronemics-Means to how time affects
communication
`Olfatics- Communication through the
sense of smell
`Colors and Flowers- have certain
meaning based on culture and gender
`Physical Appearance -How you appear
to the eyes of the public, Physical
objects you have that indicates
message
`Artifacts
LESSON 7: ORAL COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION-
Defined as the sharing of meanings
between individuals from distinct
cultural environment.

PROBLEMS IN INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION:
~Language Difference
~Ethnocentrism -Having based on the
idea that your own culture is better or
more important than others
~Xenocentrism-A feeling that your
culture is more inferior than others.
~ Racism
~Stereotyping

HOW CAN WE SOLVE THIS

Intercultural Competence- affirming to


others avowed identity

5COMPONENTS OF INTERCULTURAL
COMPETENCE
1. CONTEXT
2.APPROPRIATESNESS- Behaviors are
acceptable and proper for the
expectations of any given cultures
3.EFFECTIVENESS-The valued behaviors
or goals are achieved
4.KNOWLEDGE- The vast information you
must have on the person’s culture.
5. MOTIVATION-A goal or plan that
directs your behavior. Learn other
culture. Stay longer in a particular place
for a job. Meet new people and create
more memories

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