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What We Are Meaning by Fluids?: Fluid Mechanics Lectures and Tutorials 1

Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids and how they interact with objects and surfaces. It can be divided into three parts: statics, which deals with fluids at rest; kinematics, which deals with flow behaviors; and dynamics, which deals with the effects of flow on surroundings. Fluids are classified based on the spacing between molecules - liquids have relatively large spacing while gases have the greatest freedom of movement. The international system of units (SI) provides standard units for measuring physical quantities in science and engineering, including units for length, mass, time, temperature, current, light, and amount of matter.

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Anees Kadhum Alsaadi
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31 views

What We Are Meaning by Fluids?: Fluid Mechanics Lectures and Tutorials 1

Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids and how they interact with objects and surfaces. It can be divided into three parts: statics, which deals with fluids at rest; kinematics, which deals with flow behaviors; and dynamics, which deals with the effects of flow on surroundings. Fluids are classified based on the spacing between molecules - liquids have relatively large spacing while gases have the greatest freedom of movement. The international system of units (SI) provides standard units for measuring physical quantities in science and engineering, including units for length, mass, time, temperature, current, light, and amount of matter.

Uploaded by

Anees Kadhum Alsaadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluid Mechanics lectures and Tutorials 1

Unit1: Introduction

What we are meaning by Fluids?


Fluid may be defined as a substance which deforms continuously (flows)
when subjected to shearing forces, or
A fluid is a substance which capable of flowing

A fluid has no definite shape unless it is supported (conforms to the shape of the
containing vessel)

Mechanics is the field of science focused on the force, energy, motion,


deformation interactions of material bodies based on their properties.

What are we meaning by Fluid Mechanics?


Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids, how they move, how they mix, how they
interact with or how they effect on the bodies submerged within, and how they
interact with and effect on the bodies that attached them and their reflections on
human activities.

Fluid mechanics may be defined also as that branch of engineering science that
deals with the behavior of fluid under the condition of rest and motion

Fluid mechanics may be divided into three parts: Statics, Kinematics, and
Dynamics

Statics Deals with fluid at rest in equilibrium state, no force no acceleration


Kinematics Deals With flow behaviors of fluid like velocity, acceleration and flow
patterns.
Dynamics Deals with the effects of flow behaviors on fluid surroundings like
forces and momentum exchange
Fluid Mechanics lectures and Tutorials 2

The matter states


The matter or substance is classified on the bases of the spacing between the
molecules of the matter as follows:

Matter or
Substance

Fluid State Solid State

Liquid Gaseous
State State

 In solids, the molecules are very closely spacing and then inter-molecules
cohesive forces is quite large, and then possess compact and rigid form.
 Whereas in liquids these spacing are relatively large, and then less inter-
molecules cohesive forces between them, and then can move freely, but it still
has a definite volume (no definite shape, has free interface).
 While these forces is extremely small in gasses, and then have greater
freedom of movement so that the gas fill the container completely in which
they are placed (no definite volume, no definite shape, and no free interface).
Fluid Mechanics lectures and Tutorials 3

Gas
Attribute Solid Liquid

Typical
Visualization

Liquids take the


shape of the
Macroscopic Solids hold their shape; Gases expand to fill a
container and will
Description no need for a container closed container
stay in open
container
Liquids typically
Molecules have low Molecules move around
flow easily even
mobility because they freely with little interaction
Mobility of though there are
are bound in a structure except during collisions;
Molecules strong
by strong intermolecular this is why gases expand to
intermolecular forces
forces fill their container
between molecules
Medium; e.g.,
Often high; e.g., density Small; e.g., density of air at
Typical Density density of water is
of steel is 7700 kg/m3 sea level is 1.2 kg/m3
1000 kg/m3
Small—molecules
Molecular Small—molecules are are held close Large—on average,
Spacing close together together by molecules are far apart
intermolecular forces
Effect of Shear
Produces deformation Produces flow Produces flow
Stress
Produces deformation Produces
Produces deformation
Effect of Normal that may associate with deformation
associated with volume
Stress volume change; can associated with
change
cause failure volume change
High; decreases as
Low; increases as
Viscosity NA temperature
temperature increases
increases
Difficult to Easy to compress; bulk
Difficult to compress;
compress; bulk modulus of a gas at room
Compressibility bulk modulus of steel is
modulus of liquid conditions is about
160 × 109 Pa
water is 2.2 × 109 Pa 1.0 × 105 Pa
Fluid Mechanics lectures and Tutorials 4

System of units
M KS system of units
This is the system of units where the metre (m) is used for the unit of length,
kilogram (kg) for the unit of mass, and second (s) for the unit of time as the
base (primary) units.
CGS system of units
This is the system of units where the centimetre (cm) is used for length, gram
(g) for mass, and second (s) for time as the base (primary) units.
International system of units (SI)
SI, the abbreviation of La Systeme International d’Unites, is the system
developed from the MKS system of units. It is a consistent and reasonable
system of units which makes it a rule to adopt only one unit for each of the
various quantities used in such fields as science, education and industry.
There are seven fundamental SI units, namely: metre (m) for length,
kilogram (kg) for mass, second (s) for time, ampere (A) for electric
current, kelvin (K) for thermodynamic temperature, mole (mol) for mass
quantity and candela (cd) for intensity of light. Derived units consist of these
units.
BASIC (PRIMARY) DIMENSIONS

Dimension Symbol Unit (SI)

Length L meter (m)


Mass M kilogram (kg)
Time T second (s)
Temperature θ kelvin (K)
Electric current i ampere (A)
Amount of light C candela (cd)
Amount of matter N mole (mol)

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