FM-AA-CIA-15 Rev.

0 10-July-2020

Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 1

MODULE NO. 1

The Concept of Investigation

MODULE OVERVIEW

Criminal investigation is a legal inquiry by virtue of a complaint to follow up, examine , trace,
track and search step by step by patient and meticulous observation, the fact of commission of the
crime, the identify of the actors, and the circumstances thereto, by careful evaluation of all available
evidence to the end that violators of law be brought to the bar of justice, and innocent be relieved
therefrom.
The traditional concept, it means that deals with the identity, location and apprehension of
a person who commits a crime and provide an evidence of his guilt in a criminal proceeding.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

1. Define and discuss the criminal investigation

2. Determine the exemption to the general rule of criminal investigation
3. Discuss the initial steps in criminal investigation

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 1.1 Criminal Investigation

Criminal Investigation
Criminal Investigation came from the latin word Investigat which mean to inquire or to
discover during the 5th century.
It is a legal inquiry by virtue of complaint to follow up , examine, trace track and search step
by step by patient and meticulous observation the fact of the commission affendant thereto, by
careful evaluation of all available evidence to the end that violators of law be brought to the bar of
justice and innocent be relieved there from.
It is the objective and legal involving a possible criminal activity. The result of the inquiry if
successful, will answer the 5 W’s and H question.
Criminal investigation as lawful search for people and things useful in reconstructing the
circumstances of an illegal act or omission and the state accompanying it.
It is an art-because it is governed by rigid rules or fixed legal procedures but most often based on
intuition.
It is a science- because it involves the application of knowledge’s of forensic science in the process of
identifying, locating, collecting, processing, and or evaluating physical evidence. (Pacling R.C.2018)

INVESTIGATION - An inquiry judicial or otherwise for the discovery and collection of facts
concerning the matters involved. -
- It is the process of inquiring, eliciting, soliciting and getting vital information facts
circumstances in order to establish the truth.

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 1

Sub-topic 1.2 Exception to the General Rule of Criminal Criminal Investigation

The exception to the general rule, perhaps is the 1987 Constitution which states among other things,
that are arrested person under custodial investigation the Miranda Doctrine it requires that suspects
must be informed of their right to remain silent , and to have attorney present during questioning
process. It also mandates that prior to any questioning, the police must informed the suspect of his
rights: right to remain silent, right to consult with an attorney; and his right cannot be waived except
in writing in the presence of a counsel. - Cirililo M. Tradio)

Miranda Vs Arizona- Ernesto Miranda had confessed to raped and kidnapping after two hours
interrogation. Because the interrogator’s failed to informed miranda of his right to counsel and
remained silent, the conviction was overturned.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub-topic 1.1 Remote Learning Activity essay questions:

a. Why does criminal investigation is an art and science?
b. What is the primary job of an investigator in order to determine whether or not an offense has
been committed under the law based on the definition of criminal investigation?

Read “Exception to the General Rule in Criminal Investigation” from your textbook, pages 2-3 in the
modified handout “
Sub-topic 1.2 Remote Learning Activity. Prepare for a recitation
a When the three constitutional rights is applicable?
b.Write a scenario on how to apply the constitutional rights.

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 3 Initial Steps In Criminal Investigation

In the performance of his duties, the criminal investigator must seek to answer the six
cardinal principles of investigation the 5’W and 1’H. The initial steps are the following; recognition,
collection, preservation, evaluation and presentation

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Sub-topic 3.1 Remote Learning Activity essay question

Enumerate the initial steps in criminal investigation
One of the golden rule is ‘Do not Touch or move any object” what should then be the primary job of
an investigator before applying this rule?
Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 1.1 to sub-topic 1.3) and prepare for a quiz on

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 1

September 13, 2020.

SUMMARY

Criminal investigation as lawful search for people and things useful in reconstructing the
circumstances of an illegal act or omission and the state accompanying it.
It is an art-because it is governed by rigid rules or fixed legal procedures but most often
based on intuition.
The exception to the general rule, perhaps is the 1987 Constitution which states among
other things, that are arrested person under custodial investigation is afforded with the three
constitutional rights such as;
1. The rights to remain silent
2. The right to counsel
The right to be informed of the nature and the cause of accusation

Crime scene is said to be the TREASURE ISLAND when it comes to criminal investigation. It
is because piece of evidence are mostly found in the crime scene, which are very relevant for the
solution of crime.
The tern CRIME is also defined as any act or omission punishable by law forbidding or
commanding it.

REFERENCES

Pacling Roger C. (2018) Fundamental of Criminal Investigation Mock Board Reviewer

Manwong Rommel K. (2013) Handbook of Criminal Investigatio
Tradio Cirilo M. (2005) Handbook of Criminal Investigation and Detection

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 2
STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 2

Kinds of Investigation, Types of Investigators, and the Various Principles and Frame work of
Investigation ,Phases, Goals, Objectives of Criminal Investigation

MODULE OVERVIEW

This kind of investigation any testimony of statement taken from the arrested person who
is deprived the three constitutional rights would be inadmissible as evidence in the court of justice.
In the framework of criminal investigation this is to determine on how the crime was
committed, how to identify the suspect, to locate the guilty party and to provide evidence for his
guilt.
The four phases of criminal investigation helps the law enforcement in identification of the
perpetrator, to traced them and be located and arrested.Traditional concept It means an art that
deals with the identity, location, and apprehension of a person who commits a crime and provides
an evidence of his guilt in a criminal proceeding.
The goal of criminal investigation is to determine whether a crime scene has been
committed, legally obtain information,to identify persons involved in the crime scene, to arrest the
suspect and to present the best possible case to the prosecutor. The objectives of criminal
investigation helps the law enforcement in identification of the perpetrator to traced and be located
and arrested.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning Objectives
At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

1. Analyze the investigation how the suspect is under arrest and detention and the suspect is at
large
2. Identify the tools of an investigator in gathering facts and the methods of recording investigation
3. Discuss the process, practices & thinking in criminal investigation
4Explain the criminal, kinds of confession and elements of evidence

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic-2.1 The Suspect is Under Arrest and Detention & The Suspect Is At Large
Investigation While the Suspect is Under Arrest and Detention

The officer shall inform the person to be arrested of the cause of the arrest and of the fact that a
warrant has been issued for his arrest, except when he flees or forcibly resists before the officer
has opportunity to inform him or when the giving of such information will imperil the
arrest.
Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to
be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel.
preferably of his own choice.

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, if you cannot afford the lawyer , the state will provide you with one. The right to remain silent
emphasized
Study because
Guide in CDI any statement
Fundamental of Criminalyou can be used
Investigation against
& Police you in court. Likewise it Module
Intelligence is yourNo.
right
2 to call or
have access through the ordeal of arrest or detention. Art. 111 Bill of rights.
This is different from custodial investigation, where you are taken into police custody for
interrogation because you are considered a suspect, and therefore are being investigated as a potential accused
in a criminal case said (Manuel 2010).
Investigation while the suspect is at large
Arrested suspect and the conduct of meticulous crime scene investigations, the police must obey the
law while enforcing the law. www.pnp.gov.ph

Sub-topic 2.2 Standard Methods of Recording Investigation:

The investigator begins the process of recording pertinent facts and details of the
investigation the moment he arrives at the crime scene.
For an investigator, good notes are an overview of the things seen/heard and the actions
taken. A chronology of notes demonstrates the investigator’s mental map of the facts that led to
forming reasonable grounds for an arrest and charges.

“Crime scene management, and evidence management as a critical part of that, must be
learned and incorporated into the investigator’s toolkit.”
Crime scene management skills are an extremely significant task component of investigation
because evidence that originates at the crime scene will provide a picture of events for the court to
consider in its deliberations. That picture will be composed of witness testimony, crime scene
photographs, physical exhibits, and the analysis of those exhibits, along with the analysis of the
crime scene itself.
From this report, the first three things to be undertaken in treating any crime scene are to
make notes, photographs and sketches.
Note taking Although other documents will be created by the investigator to manage the
crime scene, no other document will be as important to the investigator as the notebook. The
notebook is the investigator’s personal reference for recording the investigation.
Many variations of police notebooks have emerged over the years. The court will sometimes
even accept police notes that have been made on a scrap of paper if that was the only paper
available at the time. However, beyond extreme circumstances, in operational investigations, the
accepted parameters of a police notes and notebooks are:
A book with a cover page that shows the investigators name, the date the notebook was started,
and the date the notebook was concluded
Sequential page numbers
A bound booklet from which pages cannot be torn without detection, Lined pages that allow
for neat scripting of notes. Each entry into the notebook should start with a time, date, and case
reference blank spaces on pages should not be left between entries and, if a blank space is left, it
should be filled with a single line drawn through the space or a diagonal line drawn across a page or
partial page space. Any errors made in the notebook should only be crossed out with a single line
drawn through the error, and this should not be done in a manner that makes the error illegible
In court, the investigator’s notebook is their best reference document. When testifying, the court will
allow an investigator to refer to notes made at the time to refresh their memory of events and
actions taken. When an investigator’s notebook is examined by the court, notes consistent with the
investigator’s testimony provide the court with a circumstantial assurance or truthfulness that the
evidence is accurate and truthful (McRory, 2014).

Learning Activity 1
After the face-to-face discussion, prepare for a recitation.quiz the following guide questions:

What are the first three things to be undertaken in treating any crime scene in the methods of recording
information?
What is the other important document needs by the investigator? Justify your answer

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub-topic 2.1 Remote Learning Activity will be essay question

Differentiate the two kinds of criminal investigation
What are the rights of a person under investigation.
Sub-topic 2.2 Reflection
Read “Standard Methods of recording Investigation“Modified the handouts “ Fundamental of
Criminal
Investigation and Police Intelligence pages 34-36 ” by . Pacling R.C Consider the following study
questions after reading:
What are the first three things to be undertaken in treating any crime scene in the methods of
recording information?
What is the other important document needs by the investigator? Justify your answer

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub topic 2.3 Criminal Investigation, Process, Practices & Thinking

Criminal investigation process and practices &thinking- it is process of inquiring, eliciting,
soliciting and getting vital information, facts and circumstances in determining the truth. You will
learn in this module how to gathering information and to conduct investigation.

Sub-topic 2.4 Criminal, Confession and Associate Evidence

A criminal is a person who has committed a crime or who has been proved to be guilty of a
crime by a court.
An admission represents a statement that tends toward proving guilt. On the other hand, a
confession is a fully corroborated statement during which the suspect accepts personal
responsibility for committing a crime.
Associative evidence a kind of evidence links the suspect to the crime scene or the offense.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Sub topic 2.3 Remote learning Activity will be illustrating the framework of investigation and essay
question.
Illustrate the framework of criminal investigation
Explain the chain of custody of physical evidence
Sub topic 2.3 Remote learning Activity Prepare of recitation
Differentiate confession and admission
Cite an example of voluntary confession and involuntary confession
When is a Confession Inadmissible?
Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 2.1 to sub-topic 2.4) and prepare for a quiz on October
12, 2020.

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 2

SUMMARY

The suspect is under arrest and detention Any person under investigation for the
commission of a crime or offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and
to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice , if you cannot afford the
lawyer , the state will provide you with one. The right to remain silent emphasized because any
statement you can be used against you in court. Likewise it is your right to call or have access
through the ordeal of arrest or detention. Art. 111 Bill of rights.
This is different from custodial investigation, where you are taken into police custody for
interrogation because you are considered a suspect, and therefore are being investigated as a
potential accused in a criminal case said (Manuel 2010).Investigation while the suspect is at large
Arrested suspect and the conduct of meticulous crime scene investigations, the police.
Crime scene management skills are an extremely significant task component of investigation
because evidence that originates at the crime scene will provide a picture of events for the court to
consider in its deliberations. That picture will be composed of witness testimony, crime scene
photographs, physical exhibits, and the analysis of those exhibits, along with the analysis of the
crime scene itself.
The investigator must be able to recognize the valuable of witnesses, identify the suspect,
victim.
There have been few attempts to develop a conceptual framework of the criminal investigation
process. This article attempts to develop such a framework through use of a criminal act continuum
to identify intervention points as these relate to investigative techniques and information sources.
A Confession is a voluntary statement either oral or written, made by a person charged
with
the commission of a crime to another person wherein the suspect admits participation in, or
commission of, the criminal act, while an admission is a statement by the accused regarding facts
pertinent to crime. The latter tends, in connection with proof of other facts, to prove the suspect’s
guilt. To be admitted as evidence, an admission must relate to relevant and material fact. a
confession is only admissible against the confessor while an admission may be used even against a
co-defendant.

REFERENCES

Pacling Roger C. (2018) Fundamental of Criminal Investigation Mock Board Reviewer

Manwong Rommel K. (2013) Handbook of Criminal Investigation
Tradio Cirilo M. (2005) Handbook of Criminal Investigation and Detection
www.pnp.gov.ph

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 3

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 3

Needed Knowledge and Skills of an Investigator, Qualities of a Good Investigator &Tools of

Investigation

MODULE OVERVIEW

In order to become a criminal investigator it needs to have specific skills, abilities and
knowledge . They can be acquired through education and perfected in the course of the law
enforcement work experience some of the skills are abilities are related to social interaction and
communications.
The knowledge can be very specific for the job.Various skills and abilities criminal investigators
should have specific knowledge about laws and legal codes.
The main task of the criminal investigator is to conduct investigations of criminal cases. This
involve series of duties and tasks to performed. Once you become a criminal investigator, you
should be ready to undergo continuous training and testing in order to show that you keep a job.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning Objectives
At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

1. Determine an effective communication reading and writing skills and the types crimes
investigated.
2. Discuss the qualities of a good investigators
3. Explain the acting activity during conducting investigation and having a keen power of
observation
4. Analyze the working knowledge of criminal law and martial arts
5. Identify the 3 Is of investigation

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 3.1 Communication , Reading and Writing Skills, and Types of Criminal investigators

The other component is verbal communication. By the very nature of the profession, those in
law enforcement and related criminal justice occupations, must have impressive speaking skills.
In criminal investigation and forensics science technicians produce reading and written
records of their findings and conclusions; probation officers prepare detailed reports for the court.

Sub-topic 3.2 Perseverance, Endurance,Incorruptible

The qualities of a good investigator has continued effort to do or achieve something despite
difficulties, failure, or opposition, a good investigator has the the ability of an organism to exert itself
and remain active for a long period of time and  incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub-topic 3.1 Remote Learning Activity will be a research work

Research the other knowledge and skills of an investigator

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 3

Discuss the types of a criminal investigators and cite an example

Sub-topic 3.2 Remote Learning Activity will be essay questions
When does the keen power of observation is important in conducting crime scene investigation
When does the acting activity is applicable in conducting investigation

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 3.3 Acting activity,Mastery of the Oral & Written Communication, Keen Power of
Observation
The main task of the criminal investigator is to conduct investigations of criminal cases. This
involve series of duties and tasks to performed and having an acting activity,mastery of the oral &
written communication, keen power of observation when conducting an interrogation.
Sub-topic 3.4 Working Knowledge,of Criminal Law and the Working Knowledge of Martial
Arts
Once you become a criminal investigator, you must be knowledgeable how does the
criminal justice system works. In criminal law  is one of the degrees of mens rea that constitute part
of a crime.
Martial arts is very applicable in law enforcement this is a traditional roots in combat tactics
used on the battlefield.
Sub-topic 3.5 Information,Interrogation & Instrumentation
Information it is the knowledge or facts which the investigation had gathered or acquired
from persons or document,which are patient or relevant concerning the commission of the crime or
criminal activities.
Interrogation- is the process of obtaining an admission or confession from those suspect
who committed the crimes. Is also the questioning of a person suspected of having committed an
offense or of a person who is elicitation of information from an individual who refuses to provide
information.
Instrumentation- it is the process of applying instruments or tools of the police sciences in
criminal investigation and detection . This is the use police laboratory in the examination of physical
evidence.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Sub-topic 3.3 After remote discussion Learning Activity prepare for a recitation
When does the acting activity is applicable in conducting investigation
When does the keen power of observation is important in conducting crime scene investigation
Sub-topic 3.4 Remote Learning Activity will be essay question
Discuss briefly the working knowledge of martial arts and firearms proficiency as one of a qualities
of a good investigator
Sub-topic 3.5 Reflection Read “3’s tools of investigation” from your textbook, pages 27-30, and the
handouts “Handbook of Criminal Investigation” by Manwong Rommel K.. Consider the following
study questions after reading:
Differentiate interview and interrogation

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 3

Enumerate the classified information

Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 3.1 to sub-topic 3.5) and prepare for a quiz on October
25, 2020.

SUMMARY

Communication skills- Being able to understand what other people are saying, while giving them
their full attention. Asking question in order to clarify all points. Being able to talk with different
groups of people and influence them when needed. Understand the reactions of others and what
causes them is also an important skills.
Reading and writing skills- The criminal investigator should also be able to read and
understand police reports reports without difficulties.knowledge about English language, its
structure, grammar, spelling is a must.
The qualities of a good investigator tare the following;Perseverance, Endurance,
Incorruptible honesty and integrity,acting activity, mastery of the oral and written communication,the
keen power of observation Courage, Working Knowledge,of Criminal Law and the Working
Knowledge of Martial Arts
The Three I’s of Criminal Investigation are Information, Interrogation .

REFERENCES

golawenforecement.com
Pacling Roger C. (2018) Fundamental of Criminal Investigation Mock Board Reviewer
Manwong Rommel K. (2013) Handbook of Criminal Investigatio
Tradio Cirilo M. (2005) Handbook of Criminal Investigation and Detection

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 4

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 4

Intelligence

MODULE OVERVIEW

Intelligence is said to be crucial to internal security because it provide us with advance

warning of insurgent activity. It can provide detailed knowledge of the insurgent organization, its
personnel, plans, and tactics.
It is essential to all operations because internal defense operations directed against armed
insurgents, their underground organization, and their support system including its human and
material resources. It is also said to be a responsibility of all government agencies because much
of the information required for intelligence purposes could best be provided by civilian governmental
agencies, which are primarily concerned with public administrative activities. Military and police
intelligence activities must be integrated within the overall intelligence program of the government in
much the same manner that police operations, civic action, and psychological operations must be
integrated within overall governmental program.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the history of intelligence

2. Differentiate the local and international organization
3. Identify the types of intelligence
4. Analyze the strategic intelligence and its nature
5. Explain the cycle and the reliability rating system
6. Determine the good qualities of a good intelligence analyst

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 4.1 History, of Intelligence

Moses is one of the first recorded formalized intelligence efforts, with format can be found in
the holy bible.The scriptures also named the 12 intelligence agents whom the Lord directed Moses
to send into the land of Canaan and records that all those men were heads of the children of Israel.
Delihah an impromptu intelligence of the Philistines. She allowed Philistine spies to hide in
her house and used her feminize to gain intelligence from a powerful enemy apart from her tonsorial
specialty, she also allowed sex to gain intelligence from a powerful enemy.
A Chinese Philosopher, Sun Tzu said, if you know your enemy and know yourself, you need
not fear the results of hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy , for every victory,
you will suffer defeat, If you know neither yourself nor the enemy, you are fool who will meet defeat
in every battle.
Sub-topic 4.2 Intelligence Organizations Local and International,
a. The intelligence information which is primarily long range in nature with little practical
immediate operation value.The local intelligence organization/units are the following, the PNP,AFP
Intelligence system, National Bureau of Investigation and other government agencies. The

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 4

International Organization are the USA-NEW Comer, Central Intelligence Agency, National security
agency (NSA),Defense Intelligence Agency ,(DIA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) etc.
Sub-topic 4.3 Types of Intelligence,
The types of Police are Intelligence Strategic Intelligence primarily long-range in nature with little or
no immediate practical value. Counter-Intelligence it defending of the organization against its
criminal enemies.
Line Intelligence an immediate nature and necessary for more effective police planning and
operations

Sub-topic 4.4 Types of Strategic Intelligence and its nature.

The Types /Components of Strategic Intelligence are the following; Political
Intelligence,Economic Intelligence, Transportation and communication Intelligence,Sociological
Intelligence- deals with the demograph, biographical Intelligence Armed Force Intelligence etc.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub-topic 4.1 After remote discussion a Learning Activity will be essay question
Summarize the history of Intelligence
What are the contributions those people involved in the Intelligence Pre-Modern Era
Sub-topic 4.2 After remote discussion a Learning Activity will be a research work.
What are the functions of the local and international organizations/units
Sub-topic 4.3 Reflection
Read “Types of Police Intelligence ” from your textbook, pages 55-60, and the handouts ” Police
Intelligence & Secret Service by Aclis Donabell O. Consider the following study questions after
reading:

Discuss the types of police intelligence and cite an example

Differentiate the line intelligence and counter intelligence
Sub-topic 4.4 After remote discussion a Learning Activity B will be discuss to the students
Search and watch a movie related to the strategic Intelligence based on what you have learned
from the short-films, narrate the story
Compare the differences between the local and international organization strategic intelligence
Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 4.1 to sub-topic 4.4) and prepare for a quiz on
November 13 , 2020.

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 4.5 Intelligence Cycle and Process

Cyclical steps followed from intelligence planning to the dissemination of processed
information. It is a repetitive process used to produce intelligence from information
Sub-topic 4.6 Reliability Rating System,
In determination of the significance of the information relative to the information and the intelligence
already known and drawing deductions about the probable meaning of the evaluated information.
The reliability of Source are completely reliable,Usually reliable, Fairly reliable, not usually
reliable,unreliable,and reliability cannot be judge.

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 4

Sub-topic 4.7 Qualities of a Good Intelligence Analyst.

An analysts do not make command decisions, he does make decisions regarding the support
information that will have an impact on the mission.,the analyst influences the commander’s decision and
should develop a ready base of information.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Sub-topic 4.5 After remote discussion, a learning activity will be the following:
Illustrate the Intelligence Cycle
Explain the Phases of the intelligence cycle
Sub-topic 4.6 After remote discussion, learning activity will be a research work.
Research a current issues and compare the Reliability of source and the accuracy of information
Sub-topic 4.7Remote Learning Activity Prepare for a recitation
How to become an effective analyst in police intelligence
All of the qualities of a good intelligence analyst choose what is the best for you. Justify your
answer.
Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 4.1 to sub-topic 4.4) and prepare for a quiz on November
26 , 2020.

SUMMARY

In the history of Intelligence during this period, it concentrated on information about the
biblical record and their capabilities.

The functions of the local and international organizations of the government which is
essential to all operation because internal defense operations directed against armed insurgents.

Different types of police intelligence the strategic,line intelligence and counter intelligence

Types of strategic intelligence it pertains to the collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of
intelligence
And long range in nature and practical immediate operation value

In the Intelligence cycle is a cyclical steps followed from intelligence planning and supervision for
the focal point of their intelligence operation and the phases of the intelligence cycle

The process of reliability rating system is to determine the accuracy and probability of the gathered
sources of information

One of a good analyst is to fulfill current needs and be able to access the information needs in the
future

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 4

REFERENCES

Salamanca Bayani H. (2018) police Intelligence & Security Service

Guevarra Recardo D. (2010) Police Intelligence & police Services

Soriano Oscar G.(2005) Handbook on Police Intelligence

Manwong Rommel K. 2008 Handbook on Police Intelligence

Estoque Sammy B. (2018) Police Intelligence& secret service

https://www.britannica.com

(Delizo Darlito.Bernard .G (2019) Law Enforcement Administration Texbook & Review materials

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 5

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 5

Modes of Collecting Information

MODULE OVERVIEW

Introduction

In collecting the information, the collecting agency determines what specific information is
to be collected, by whom and from whom, after the collecting activity is carried out, the collected
information is then submitted for processing. Their are some different steps in the collection of
information, determine the collecting agencies, send or in request,supervise collection efforts, use of
tools or techniques in collection and ensure timely collection. Overt and covert are the methods of
collection of information.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning Objectives
At the end of this Module, you should be able to:
1. Define and explain the importance of surveillance
2. Determine the difference between informant and informer background .Investigation, Public and
Private Records Open source/cultivated, Crime and Modus- Operandi
3. Discuss the background of .Investigation the public and private records crime and Modus-
Operandi
4. Identify the different method of crime scene search
5. Analyze the scene sketch

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 5.1 Surveillance

Aside from undercover assignments, there are other forms of under cover operations that a
criminal investigator may utilize in obtaining difficult to obtain information and or evidence.The most
commonly applies is surveillance. Surveillance involves covert observation of a persons, places and
things for the purpose of obtaining information.
Sub-topic 5.2 Informants, Informers, Undercover
Informant it is a generic term referring to any person who provides information to the police
or criminal investigators.
Informer is an individual who gives information for a price or reward.
Undercover cover assignment it is an investigative technique in which the official identity
also known as undercover operation.
Sub-topic 5.3 Background .Investigation, Public and Private Records Open source/Cultivated,
Crime/Criminal Signature and Modus- Operandi

An Information acquired from regular sources such as conscientiously and public spirited
citizens, company records and files of other agencies.

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 5

Information which the experienced investigator gathered from cultivated such as paid
informants, bar tenders, cab drivers, license owners and employees in general, former criminals or
acquaintances.
Information a data gathered by an investigator from other persons including the victim
himself and from public records and private records
Modus operandi files is the method of operation of a criminal includes individual peculiarities,
methods, techniques,tools, used in containing the crime and physical condition at the crime scene.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub-topic 5.1 After remote discussion for the Learning Activity please answer essay question :
Types of surveillance
Techniques of moving surveillance

Sub-topic 5.2 Reflection:

Read “Informant and Informer ” from your textbook, pages 65-68, and the handouts “ Estoque
Sammy B. (2018) Police Intelligence& Secret Service Estoque Sammy B. (2018) Consider the
following study questions after reading:
Differentiate informant from informer
Research the kinds of informant
Cite some example of of undercover
Sub-topic 5.3 After remote discussion prepare for a recitation.
Give an example of data a public and private records in the background of investigation
Explain briefly the meaning and importance of modus operandi file

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 5.4 Crime Scene Search

Crime scene search scenarios involve significant teamwork.
Each team member should be assigned a specific duty during the crime scene processing.
Explorers handle the crime scene as if they are the actual evidence technicians collecting and
processing the evidence.
Each Explorer should make clear their assignment, then follow through with the task.
Explorers should be able to process a scene, have a clear understanding of what has happened
and take appropriate action.
Sub-topic 5.5 Crime Scene Sketch.
A sketch is usually made of the scene as if one is looking straight down (overhead sketch)
or straight ahead (elevation sketch) at a crime scene. A rough sketch at the scene is usually
made first on graph paper in pencil with so many squares representing so many square feet or
inches. Direction of the overhead view is determined by using a compass. Using a tape measure
or other measuring devices, measurements are taken at crime scene of the distances between
objects and/or structures at the crime scene. These measurements are proportionally reduced on
the rough sketch and the objects are drawn in.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Sub-topic 5.4 After Remote discussion Learning Activity will be discuss to the students

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 5

Illustrate and explain the different method of search

Which is commonly applicable method in searching evidence at the crime scene
Sub-topic 5.5 Remote Learning Activity
Illustrate the methods of crime scene search

Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 5.1 to sub-topic 5.5) and prepare for a quiz on November
14, 2020.

SUMMARY

Surveillance, undercover works, informant, informer are the secret observations for the
purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities of the subject.
In the background of investigation information is important because it answers the questions
the 5 w’s and 1 H. Once acquired information either public or private and modus operandi’s file will
enable the investigator to try to solve the problem in order to find the proper solution.
Different methods of crime scene search and sketch not to MAC the evidence

REFERENCES

Estoque Sammy B. (2018) Police Intelligence& Secret Service

PNP (2011)Criminal Investigation Manual

Tradio Cirilo .M. (2011) Handbook of Fundamental of Criminal Investigation

.(Aclis D. O) (2018)

(Delizo Darlito.Bernardo G.) Hanbook of Crime Detection & Investigation 2019

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 6

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 6

Interrogation

MODULE OVERVIEW

Introduction

Interrogation is an intellectual game that is often won by the player who is mentally faster
afoot and can rapidly take advantage of an opening or an indicated weakness. It is to ask questions
in a thorough an often forceful way.
It is a skilful questioning of persons who are uncooperative in the conduct of investigation or
are reluctant to divulge information pertinent to the conduct of investigation.
-Process of questioning by which police obtain evidence. The process is largely outside the
governance of law except for rules concerning the admissibility at trial of confessions obtained
through interrogation and limitations on the power of police to detain suspected persons against
their will. 

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning Objectives
At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the difference between extra judicial confession and the admission
2. Analyze the difference between interrogation and interview
3. Explain the interrogation techniques
4. Identify the signs and symptoms of guilt
5. Discuss the types of search of an arrested person

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 6.1 Extra-Judicial Confession, and Admission

Differences between the confession and the admission, the extra and judicial confession and
admission
The purpose of interview and interrogation to obtain an information and different techniques in
interrogation not to intimidate the subject

Sub-topic 6.2 Interrogation versus Interview.

Inter view in crime investigation is very importance as the person interviewed usually gives
hi account of an incident under investigation of offers information concerning a person being
investigated in his own manner and words.
The interrogator should identify himself at the outset and state in general the purpose of the
investigation. He must advise the suspect of his rights against self-incrimination and inform him that
he does not have to answer question and that, if he does answer, this answer can be used as
evidence against him. He must inform the suspect of his right to counsel and that a state appointed

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 6

counsel will be made available without cost to him if he so desires

Sub-topic 6.3 Interrogation Techniques

This technique is useful when the interrogator has used direct questioning about the crime
without success. It is lengthy, time consuming and involved, but it serves the purpose of wearing
down the subject. Questions directly concerning the crime are avoided. In a cold methodical manner
the interrogator first asks for detailed information concerning the subject’s background.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub-topic 6.1 After Remote discussion, prepare for a recitation

Differentiate confession from admission
Discuss the judicial confession and judicial
Preparation for the next lesson:Please Read “Interview and interrogation” from your textbook,
pages,85-88 and Modified handout ( Pacling Roger C. (2018) Fundamental of Criminal Investigation
Mock Board Reviewer
Sub-topic 6.2 After Remote discussion Learning Activity please answer the following essay
question
Distinguish interview from interrogation
Give an importance of an interview and interrogation in conducting investigation
Sub-topic 6.3 Remote Learning
Give a scenario on how to use the techniques in interrogation and to approach the subject in order
to give an information
Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 1.1 to sub-topic 1.3) and prepare for a quiz on November
10, 2020.

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 6.4 Physiological symptoms of guilt.

Physical manifestations can be pointed out to the suspect as evidence that his guilt is
obvious.
Subtopic 6.5 Types of Search of an Arrested Person.
Different types of search, a wall search, standing search, kneeling search and prone search,

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Subtopic 6.4 After remote discussion for the learning activity please answer essay question:
Give at least 10 circumstances that you can determine the physiological symptoms of guilt of the
subject.
Sub-topic 6.5 Remote Learning Activity B
Illustrate the different types of search of an arrested person
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 1.1 to sub-topic 1.2) and prepare for a quiz on November
15, 2020.

SUMMARY

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A Confession is a voluntary statement either oral or written, made by a person charged with the
commission of a crime to another person wherein the suspect admits participation in, or commission
of, the criminal act, while an admission is a statement by the accused regarding facts pertinent to
crime. The latter tends, in connection with proof of other facts, to prove the suspect’s guilt. To be
admitted as evidence, an admission must relate to relevant and material fact. a confession is only
admissible against the confessor while an admission may be used even against a co-defendant.
The purpose of interview and interrogation to obtain an information is to obtain information
which will further the investigation. Interrogation is not simply a means of inducing an admission of
guilt. It is an investigative tool of far wider application in the effective day-to-day administration of
justice. It is a major means of discovering other evidence. It permits the person who appears to be
implicated in a crime to present information which can establish his innocence.
Keen observation of the physical state of the subject as influenced by his emotion will often
give a clue to guilty knowledge or deception.
Types of Searches of Persons Arrested. Such as; Wall search, Standing search,Kneeling
search and Prone search

REFERENCES

Pacling Roger C. (2018) Fundamental of Criminal Investigation Mock Board Reviewer

Manwong Rommel K. (2013) Handbook of Criminal Investigation
Tradio Cirilo M. (2005) Handbook of Criminal Investigation and Detection
https://lawphil.net

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 6

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 7

STUDY GUIDE FOR MODULE NO. 7

Instrumentation

MODULE OVERVIEW

Introduction

Instrumentation includes all the technical methods by which the offender is traced and
examined. There has been a tendency in recent years to place too great a relative value on the
contribution of instrumentation in the detection of crime.
Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments used for indicating, measuring
and recording physical quantities, and has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-
making.
The term instrumentation may refer to a device or group of devices used for direct reading
thermometers or, when using many sensors, may become part of a complex industrial control
system in such as manufacturing industry, vehicles and transportation. Instrumentation can be
found in the household as well; a smoke detector or a heating thermostat are examples.

MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learning Objectives
At the end of this Module, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the uses of polygraph in investigation

2. Explain the rules on arrest, search and seizure
3. 3Determine the rights of detained and arrested without court order without court order or warrant
4. Analyze the cyber crime investigation
5. Determine the Tools and Techniques in Cyber crime Investigation,
6. Analyze the report writing

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-topic 7.1 Polygraph

They are used in investigations of specific events, for instance, in criminal cases. Although there
are many restrictions on the use of polygraph results in courts, they are often used to help direct
and focus criminal investigations.
Sub-topic 7.2 Rules on Arrest, Rules on Search and Seizure,
Arrest is made by an actual restraint of the person to be arrested, or by his submission to
the custody of the person making the arrest.
No violence or unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest, and the person arrested
shall not be subjected to any greater restraint than is necessary for his detention. [Sec. 2,
Rule 113.]
Search is an examination of an individual’s person, house, papers or effects, other buildings
and premises to discover contraband or some evidence of guilt to be used in the prosecution of a
criminal action
A search warrant may be issued for the search and seizure of the following personal

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Study Guide in CDI Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence Module No. 7

property:
a) Property subject of the offense;
b) Property stolen or embezzled and other proceeds or fruits of the offense; and
c) Property used or intended to be used for committing an offense. [Sec. 2.]
When, in the law enforcer’s presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually
committing, or is attempting to commit an offense. [Rule 113]
Sub-topic 7.3 Rights of Detained and Arrested without court order without court order or warrant
The officer shall inform the person to be arrested of his authority and the cause of his
arrest, unless the person to be arrested is then engaged in the commission of an offense or is
pursued immediately after its commission or after an escape, or flees or forcibly resist before the
officer has opportunity so to inform him, or when the giving of such information will imperil the
arrest.
When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment
or place where he I serving final judgement or temporarily confined while his case is pending, or
has escaped while being transfer from one confinement to another. [Sec. 5] If a person lawfully
arrested escapees or is rescued, any person may immediately pursue to retake him without a
warrant at any tme and in any place within the Philippines. [Sec. 13.]

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LEARNING ACTIVITY 1

Sub- topic 7.1 After face to face discussion Learning activity will be discuss to the students,
consider the following question
Enumerate the four major components of polygraph and its functions

Sub-topic 7.2 After face to face discussion Learning Activity will be discuss to the students
Who are those persons exempted from arrest?
What is essential to make a warrant of arrest valid?
Why is a search of a person conducted?
Sub-topic 7.3 After face to face discussion prepare for a recitation.
What is warrantless arrest?
What are the elements of warrantless arrest?
Cite an example of warrantless arrest

Please read “Cyber Crime Investigation” from your textbook pages 85-88 and the Modified Hand
outs “ Fundamental of Criminal Investigation & Police Intelligence or ( https://security trails.com)

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

Sub-Topic 7.4 Cyber Crime Investigation

When conducting a cyber crime investigation, normal investigative methods are still
important. asking who, what, where, when, why and how questions is..
 Law enforcement agencies, private companies, and organizations conduct investigations in
response to a detected or reported cyber crime. The purpose of this investigation is to obtain
information about the incident and build a case against the perpetrator) of the cyber crime.
In many cases, investigators may seize electronic devices without a warrant, but must obtain
a warrant in order to conduct a search on the device(s). Multiple warrants may need to be obtained
if a particular device is connected to multiple crimes.
Sub-topic 7.5 Tools and Techniques in Cyber Crime Investigation
Technology are the pillars of cyber security. And while people are every organization’s best
asset, they are also its biggest weakness. Security technology continuously evolves to counter
emerging security threats and new techniques, but there is one threat that can’t be thwarted by
merely employing new tools and processes in cyber crime investigation.
Sub-topic 7.6 Report Writing
Points to be considered on report writing, the conciseness, clarity, organization, thoroughness,
accuracy and adequacy and pertinence of leads in the investigation.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 2

Sub- topic 7.4 Face to face discussion Learning Activity: Explain the following question.
Discuss the cyber crime investigation
Why does the flow of cyber crime investigation process is very important ?
Sub-topic 7.5 Learning Activity :After face to face discussion prepare for a quiz
Identify the cyber crime investigation tools.
What are the techniques during the investigation process?

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Sub- topic 7.6 After Face to face learning Activity . Research a criminal case and write a sample
of a report writing :
a. Initial Report
b. Progress report
c. Final Report

Quiz
Review all the previous lessons (Sub-topic 1.1 to sub-topic 1.6) and prepare for a quiz on January
12, 2020.

SUMMARY

A polygraphy, popularly referred to as a lie detector test, is a device or procedure that

measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration,
and skin conductivity while a person is asked and answers a series of questions
Warrants of arrest issued by Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts or Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts can be served any where in the Philippines without a certification by a judge of
the Regional Trial Court. [Supreme Court Circular No. 14, 22 Oct 85.]
Any person making an arrest on legal grounds shall, without unnecessary delay and within
the time prescribed under Art. 125 of the Revised Penal Code, take the person arrested to the
proper court or judge for appropriate action. However, it is not the physical delivery of the arrested
person that is required under Art. 125 of the RPC, but the filing of an information against the
arrested person in the proper court, where the judge has the authority to issue an order of release
or if confinement.
Cyber investigators must be experts in computer science, file system and operating systems
Different tools and techniques in cyber crime investigation
A report of investigation is an objective statement of the investigator’s findings. It is an
official record of the information relevant to the investigation which the investigator submits to his
superior. The effectiveness of an investigator is judge to a large extent by his reports of
investigation.The importance of Report writing of an investigator is accurate and it is complete
when it answers the 5w’s and 1 H. it is also clear when it is developed logically and it is
chronological order.

REFERENCES

Pacling Roger C. (2018) Fundamental of Criminal Investigation Mock Board Reviewer

Manwong Rommel K. (2013) Handbook of Criminal Investigation

Becker Ronald F. 2013 Handbook of Criminal Investigation

Rule 114 Rules of court

https://security trails.com

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