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3 Light and
shadows
3.1 Shadows

E
Focus
1 Look at the objects below.

PL
Draw a line to match each object to the right shadow.
M
SA

34
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3.1 Shadows

Practice
2 Look at these objects. Predict the shadow shape and draw it on the right.

Object Drawing of the shadow

ruler
30

E
25

20

15

10

0
5

paper clip
PL
M
book
SA

comb

tracing paper

35
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3 Light and shadows

Challenge
3 Look at the objects. Has each shadow been drawn correctly?
Write a tick () or cross () to say if the shadow is right or wrong.
If the shadow is wrong, draw it correctly at the bottom.

Is the shadow right? () or wrong? ()

E
PL
M

SA

Now draw the shadow correctly

36
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3.2 Changing shadows

3.2 Changing shadows

Focus
1 Here are four objects. Draw one shadow each object might make.
Then draw a different shadow the object might make.

E
Object Shadow 1 Shadow 2
Paper clip

Pencil
PL
M
Phone
SA

Scissors

Cell

37
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3 Light and shadows

Practice
At noon the Sun is high and Kamal has a very short shadow.
2 a Draw the Sun lower in the sky near the X at 4pm.
b Draw what Kamal’s shadow will look like at 4pm.

E
PL 4 pm
M
SA

38
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3.2 Changing shadows

Challenge

E
PL
Marcus measured the size of a shadow as he moved it towards a light source.
He recorded his results on the table below.
3 Look at the table and answer the questions.

Test number Distance from light source (cm) Size of shadow (cm)
M
1 50 6
2 40 14
3 30 25
4 20 34
SA

5 10 42

a For each test Marcus moved the object cm closer

to the light source.
b The shadow was biggest when the object was cm
from the light source.
c What is the pattern in the shadow size? Complete this sentence.
As the object moved towards the light source the shadow

39
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3 Light and shadows

3.3 Transparent materials

Focus
Look at these pictures.
Which items are made from transparent materials?
Which are made from opaque materials?

E
1 Under each picture write ‘transparent’ or ‘opaque’.

glass metal see through plastic

transparent

glass lamp
PL egg shell wood
M
SA

rock plastic window magnifying glass

40
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3.3 Transparent materials

Practice
All sunglasses are transparent but some are more opaque than others.
2 Match the right glasses to the right environment.

reading indoors

E
dark sunglasses needed

slightly dark

outside on a bright day

PL sunglasses needed
M
very dark sunglasses
needed
SA

sunny beach

very bright sunny

winter day with snow
on the ground.

no sunglasses needed

41
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3 Light and shadows

Challenge
3 What kind of eye protection do these people need?
Use a tick () or cross () to answer each question in the table.

Person Does this Should the

person
Use a 
or a to  protection
say whether the sentence
need eye is true or false be dark like

E
protection? sunglasses?

They might get water in their

 eyes.   
visor

mask
PL The sunlight is too bright. 

They might get water in their

eyes. 

The sunlight is too bright. 


M
They might get water in their
eyes. 

The sunlight is too bright. 

SA

goggles
They might get water
in their eyes. 

The sunlight is too bright. 

sunglasses

They might get water in their

eyes. 

The sunlight is too bright. 

indoors

42
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3.4 Translucent materials

3.4 Translucent materials

Focus
Here we can see sentences covered by four sheets.
Two sheets are transparent, one is translucent and one is opaque.
1 Join each word to the correct picture.

E
Can you read this?

transparent

Can you

PL
Can you read this?
translucent

opaque
M
Can you read this?
SA

43
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3 Light and shadows

Practice
These children were asked ‘Why does the Emergency sign have
translucent glass with a bright lamp behind it?’
... Because
They answered like this: the glass might
not break.
... It keeps the sign cool.

E
Sofia
PL Marcus

... it makes the sign

bright but the bright lamp is
M
kept out of our eyes.
SA

... Because the letters

Zara stick to it. Arun

2 Which child is right? Why?

44
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 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.
3.4 Translucent materials

Challenge
Translucent materials scatter light so that we can’t see things
clearly through them.
The dentist has a translucent window. It lets some light in but
we cannot see clearly through the glass.

3 a Why has the dentist put translucent glass

E
in her window?

Dentist

PL
b This light on the ceiling is covered with a translucent shade.
Why do people like to have these translucent shades on bright light
bulbs?
M
SA

c Some people put translucent glass in their front door.

Why do they do this?

45
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.