COURSE NO: IPE-108 COURSE TITLE: WORKSHOP PRACTICE

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: Study and operation of an Engine Lathe.

NAME : Niloy Md. Azam

DEPARTMENT : CSE

DATE OF PERFORMANCE: REG NO : 2012331061

YEAR :

DATE OF SUBMISSION: SESSION : 2012-13

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Experiment Name:

Study & Operation of an Engine Lathe.

Objectives:

The purpose of this experiment is to study about an

engine lathe, know about three operations done by an engine
lathe. These ares-

 Facing,
 Straight turning &
 Taper turning.

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Introduction:

The engine lathes are one of the oldest machine tools. . An engine lathe is
a power-driven, general-purpose machine tool used for producing cylindrical
work pieces. Today engine lathes are equipped with individual motors. As the
piece of metal to be machined is rotated in the lathe, a single point cutting tool is
advanced radically into the work piece & removes metal in the form of chips.
Engine lathe is widely used to produce efficient parts.

Working Method:

Working method of an engine lathe is described below-

Lathe operations:

 We use the engine lathe to produce cylindrical jobs.

 Job that we want to machine is held or rotated in the lathe

chuck; a single point cutting tool is advanced radically into the
job, a specified depth and moved longitudinally along the axis
of the job, removing metal in the form of chips. Thus job is
machined

 Engine lathe can used to carry out operations such as turning;

taper turning, profiling, facing, grooving, drilling, reaming,
boring, knurling and screw thread cutting can be performed.

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Figure of the ENGINE LATHE

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Lathe construction:

The main parts of an engine lathe are-

 Bed: all the parts of lathe are supported on the bed. Beds have
a mass and are rigidly built, usually from gray or nodular cast
iron.
 Carriage: the carriage or carriage assembly, slides along the
ways and consists of an assembly of the cross slide, tool post
and apron. The cutting tool is mounted on the tool post,
usually with a compound rest that swivels for tool positioning
and adjustment. The cross slide moves radially in and out.
The apron is equipped with mechanisms for both manual and
mechanized movement of the carriage and the cross slide by
means of the lead screw.
 Head Stock: the head stock is fixed to the bed and is
equipped with motors, pulleys, and V-belts the supply power
to the hollow spindle at various rotational speeds. The spindle
to which workholding devices, such as chucks and collets are
attached.
 Tail Stock: the tail stock supports the other end of the
workpiece. It is equipped with a center that may be fixed or
may be free to rotate with the job.
 Lead screw: it permits a fixed movement of the carriage in
relation to one turn of the lathe spindle, engaged with the spit
nut in thread cutting operations.
 Feed rod: the feed rod is powered by a set of gears from the
head stock. It rotates during the operation of the lathe and
provides movements to the carriage and the cross slide.
 Apron: is bolted to the front of the carriage. The apron
houses the gears and control for the carriage and feed
mechanism.

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Turning tools:
Turning tools are basically single point cutting tools.

A single point cutting tool is a tool with one face and one continuous cutting edge that
removes metal from a work piece being machined in a lathe, planer, shaper or other machine tool.

The employed tool material can be high speed steel, cast alloy, tungsten and carbide or
ceramics.

Turning parameters:
Material Removal Rate (MRR): the metal removal rate is the volume of material
removal per unit time (such as mm3/min or in3/min).

The cross section area of removed ring-shaped layer equal to the product of the distance
the tool travels in one revolution (feed, f, rev/min) and depth of cut, d. The volume of this ring is
the product of the cross-section area and the average circumference of the ring πDavg , where Davg=
(d0 + df)/2

The rotational speed of the workpiece is N, (N revolution per min).

The material removal rate per revolution is π(Davg) (d) (f) (n)

Feed rate, V: linear speed of the tool along workpiece length

V=fN [(mm/rev) (rev/min)=mm/min]

Cutting time, t:

t=L/fN, where L= length of workpiece

Cutting speed, v:

v=πd0N

Depth of cut, d:

d= (d0 - df)/2 d0 =outer diameter

df=final diameter

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 Types of Lathe:
There are several types and sizes of Engine Lathe, from very
small bench lathes used in precision instrument and watch making
industries to gigantic lathes used for turning large steel shafts, which
weigh many tons.
Different types of engine lathes are-
 Bench lathes: small engine lathes which can be
mounted on a bench or metal cabinet.
 Standard engine lathes: larger, heavier, and more
powerful than the bench lathes; may have bed lengths
5 to 20 or more feet.
 Tool-room lathes: precision engine lathes equipped
with additional attachments needed for tool and die
making operations.
 Manufacturing lathes: engine lathes of various sizes
equipped with special-purpose attachments for
turning workpieces in large quantity, which is often
called production work.
 Special purpose lathes: gap lathes which have a
special sliding bed, making it possible to increase the
swing to accommodate large diameter-work; wheel
lathes, crankshaft lathes, gun barrel lathes and tracer
lathes- all are adaptation of engine lathes.

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Size of an Engine Lathe:
The size of an engine lathe depends on-

1. of the work piece that can be held on the bed,

2. Maximum diameter of the work piece that hold on
Length chuck,
3. Maximum diameter that can pass through the spindle,
4. Range of speeds, motor speeds etc.

An engine lathe is used for producing cylindrical jobs. By using

attachments and accessories, other operations such as turning, taper turning,
profiling, facing, grooving, drilling, reaming, boring, knurling and screw thread
cutting can be performed.

Conclusion:
Engine lathe is used to produce parts of different types. The
parts of the lathes are polished and scraped .The parts should be kept
clean and lubricated. The ways of the lathe can be scored by small
steel chips becoming imbedded in the saddle of the base of the
tailstock. All grit and chips should be removed and the bed ways
lubricated before the saddle or tailstock is moved along the ways.
Thus we can ensure efficient products.

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 ASSIGNMENT

1) What types of operations can be done on engine lathe? Explain

briefly.

Answer: An engine lathe is used for producing cylindrical jobs. By

using attachments and accessories, other operations such as turning, taper
turning, profiling, facing, grooving, drilling, reaming, boring, knurling and
screw thread cutting can be performed.

2) What are the advantages of the three jaw chucks over four jaw
chucks?

Answer: Three jaw chucks has three jaws which can be adjusted at
a time by adjusting only one point. So the work piece can be fixed easily. On the
other hand, to fix a work piece in our jaw chuck it needs to adjust all four points
individually. So three jaw chuck is advantageous over four jaw chuck in this
regard.

3) How could cutting fluids beneficiate the turning operation?

Answer: Cutting fluids carry off the excessive heat from the
cutting tool, the chip and the job. The use of cutting fluids will

a) Wash the chips away from the cutting tool,

b) Increase the effective usefulness of the cutting tool,
c) Provide lubrication and reduce friction between the
chip and the top surface of the cutting tool,
d) Prevent a metallic buildup on the cutting edge of the
tool,
e) Improve the quality of the surface finish.