6.

2 Force between differential current elements

6.2 Force between differential current elements

Module 6: Magnetostatic Force and boundary conditions
Course: ECE1003 Electromagnetic Field Theory

-Dr Richards Joe Stanislaus

Assistant Professor - SENSE
6.2 Force between differential current elements
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

• The field 𝑑𝐁2 created by current element 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 at A
𝜇0 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑎𝐑 21
𝑑𝐁2 = 2
4𝜋𝑅21
𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
𝐑 21

𝐼2

A
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

• The field 𝑑𝐁2 created by current element 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 at A
𝜇0 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑎𝐑 21
𝑑𝐁2 = 2
4𝜋𝑅21
• In a circuit 1 passing through point A, the a current 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
element 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 at A experiences a force 𝑑(𝑑𝐅1 ) due to 𝐑 21
the magnetic field 𝑑𝐁2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1 = 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐁2 𝐼2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A

𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

• The field 𝑑𝐁2 created by current element 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 at A
𝜇0 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑎𝐑 21
𝑑𝐁2 = 2
4𝜋𝑅21
• In a circuit 1 passing through point A, the a current 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
element 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 at A experiences a force 𝑑(𝑑𝐅1 ) due to 𝐑 21
the magnetic field 𝑑𝐁2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1 = 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐁2 𝐼2
• Hence, force exist between two current 𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
elements 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 and 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A
• Also, Biot Savart’s law: Both current
elements produce magnetic fields
𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

𝜇0 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑎𝐑 21
𝑑𝐁2 =
2
4𝜋𝑅21
• Force 𝑑(𝑑𝐅1 ) due to the magnetic field 𝑑𝐁2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1 = 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐁2 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
𝐑 21
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
= 2
4𝜋𝑅21 𝐼2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A

𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

𝜇0 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑎𝐑 21
𝑑𝐁2 =
2
4𝜋𝑅21
• Force 𝑑(𝑑𝐅1 ) due to the magnetic field 𝑑𝐁2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1 = 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐁2 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
𝐑 21
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
= 2
4𝜋𝑅21 𝐼2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A

𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

𝜇0 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑎𝐑 21
𝑑𝐁2 =
2
4𝜋𝑅21
• Force 𝑑(𝑑𝐅1 ) due to the magnetic field 𝑑𝐁2
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1 = 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐁2 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
𝐑 21
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
= 2
4𝜋𝑅21 𝐼2
• Total force on current loop 1 due to current
𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
loop 2 is A
𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2
𝐅1 = 𝐿1 𝐿2 2
4𝜋 𝑅21

𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

• Total force on current loop 1 due to current loop 2 is
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
𝐅1 = 𝐿1 𝐿2 2
4𝜋 𝑅21 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
• Similarly, total force on current loop 2 due to current 𝐑 21
loop 1: 𝐼2
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑑𝐥1 ×𝑎𝐑12
𝐅2 = 𝐿2 𝐿1 2 𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
4𝜋 𝑅12
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A
𝐹1 = −𝐹2 Newton’s third law that action
and reaction are equal and opposite.
𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

• Total force on current loop 1 due to current loop 2 is
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
𝐅1 = 𝐿1 𝐿2 2
4𝜋 𝑅21 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
• Similarly, total force on current loop 2 due to current 𝐑 21
loop 1: 𝐼2
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑑𝐥1 ×𝑎𝐑12
𝐅2 = 𝐿2 𝐿1 2 𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
4𝜋 𝑅12
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A
𝐹1 = −𝐹2 Newton’s third law that action
and reaction are equal and opposite.
𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

1. Force between two current elements

• Total force on current loop 1 due to current loop 2 is
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥1 × 𝑑𝐥2 ×𝑎𝐑21
𝐅1 = 𝐿1 𝐿2 2
4𝜋 𝑅21 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2
• Similarly, total force on current loop 2 due to current 𝐑 21
loop 1: 𝐼2
𝜇0 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝑑𝐥2 × 𝑑𝐥1 ×𝑎𝐑12
𝐅2 = 𝐿2 𝐿1 2 𝑑 𝑑𝐅1
4𝜋 𝑅12
𝐼1 𝑑𝐥1 A
𝐹1 = −𝐹2 Newton’s third law that action
and reaction are equal and opposite.
𝐼1
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s2
𝑚 2
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s 2
𝑚 2
(b) acceleration= rate of change of velocity
𝑑𝐮 𝑑
𝐚 = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 = = 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s 2
𝑚 2
(b) acceleration= rate of change of velocity
𝑑𝐮 𝑑
𝐚 = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 = = 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑥
= 18 → 𝑢𝑥 = 18𝑡 + 𝐴
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑦
= 15 → 𝑢𝑦 = 15𝑡 + 𝐵
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑧
=0 → 𝑢𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s 2
But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝐮 = 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧
𝑚 2
(b) acceleration= rate of change of velocity 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 = 0 =
𝑑𝐮 𝑑 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 = 0 =
𝐚 = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 = = 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑢𝑧 𝑡 = 0 =
𝑑𝑢𝑥
= 18 → 𝑢𝑥 = 18𝑡 + 𝐴
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑦
= 15 → 𝑢𝑦 = 15𝑡 + 𝐵
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑧
=0 → 𝑢𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s 2
But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝐮 = 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧
𝑚 2
(b) acceleration= rate of change of velocity 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + A = 4
𝑑𝐮 𝑑 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + B = 0
𝐚 = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 = = 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑢𝑧 𝑡 = 0 = C =3
𝑑𝑢𝑥
= 18 → 𝑢𝑥 = 18𝑡 + 𝐴
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑦
= 15 → 𝑢𝑦 = 15𝑡 + 𝐵
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑧
=0 → 𝑢𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s 2
But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝐮 = 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧
𝑚 2
(b) acceleration= rate of change of velocity 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + A = 4
𝑑𝐮 𝑑 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + B = 0
𝐚 = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 = = 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑢𝑧 𝑡 = 0 = C =3
𝑑𝑢𝑥
= 18 → 𝑢𝑥 = 18𝑡 + 𝐴 𝐮 = (𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑦
= 15 → 𝑢𝑦 = 15𝑡 + 𝐵 = 18𝑡 + 4, 15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑧
=0 → 𝑢𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
Initial value problem: as initial values are given.
(a) Newton’s second law, 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝑄𝐄 (𝐚 is acceleration)
𝑄𝐄 3 12 𝐚𝑥 +10𝐚𝑦
𝐚= = = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 m/s 2
But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝐮 = 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧
𝑚 2
(b) acceleration= rate of change of velocity 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + A = 4
𝑑𝐮 𝑑 𝑢𝑦 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + B = 0
𝐚 = 18 𝐚𝑥 + 15𝐚𝑦 = = 𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑢𝑧 𝑡 = 0 = C =3
𝑑𝑢𝑥
= 18 → 𝑢𝑥 = 18𝑡 + 𝐴 𝐮 = (𝑢𝑥 , 𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧 )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑦
= 15 → 𝑢𝑦 = 15𝑡 + 𝐵 = 18𝑡 + 4, 15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑧 𝐮 𝑡 = 1𝑠 = 22𝐚𝑥 + 15𝑎𝑦 + 3𝑎𝑧
=0 → 𝑢𝑧 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
1 2 1
(3) Kinetic energy = 𝑚 𝐮 = 2 222 + 152 + 32 = 718J
2 2
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
1 2 1
(3) Kinetic energy = 𝑚 𝐮 = 2 222 + 152 + 32 = 718J
2 2
𝑑𝐥 𝑑
(4) 𝐮 = = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 18𝑡 + 4,15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
1 2 1
(3) Kinetic energy = 𝑚 𝐮 = 2 222 + 152 + 32 = 718J
2 2
𝑑𝐥 𝑑
(4) 𝐮 = = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 18𝑡 + 4,15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 18𝑡 2
= 18𝑡 + 4 → 𝑥= + 4𝑡 + 𝐴1
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑦 15𝑡 2
= 15𝑡 → 𝑦= + 𝐵1
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑧
=3 → 𝑧 = 3𝑡 + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
1 2 1
(3) Kinetic energy = 𝑚 𝐮 = 2 222 + 152 + 32 = 718J
2 2
𝑑𝐥 𝑑
(4) 𝐮 = =
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 18𝑡 + 4,15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 18𝑡 2 But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 1, −2,0
= 18𝑡 + 4 → 𝑥 = + 4𝑡 + 𝐴1 𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + 0 + A = 1
𝑑𝑡 2 1
𝑑𝑦 15𝑡 2 𝑦 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + B1 = −2
= 15𝑡 → 𝑦= + 𝐵1
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑧 𝑡 =0 =0+C =0
𝑑𝑧
=3 → 𝑧 = 3𝑡 + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
1 2 1
(3) Kinetic energy = 𝑚 𝐮 = 2 222 + 152 + 32 = 718J
2 2
𝑑𝐥 𝑑
(4) 𝐮 = =
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 18𝑡 + 4,15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 18𝑡 2 But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 1, −2,0
= 18𝑡 + 4 → 𝑥 = + 4𝑡 + 𝐴1 𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + 0 + A = 1
𝑑𝑡 2 1
𝑑𝑦 15𝑡 2 𝑦 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + B1 = −2
= 15𝑡 → 𝑦= + 𝐵1
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑧 𝑡 =0 =0+C =0
𝑑𝑧
=3 → 𝑧 = 3𝑡 + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑡
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 9𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 + 1, 7.5𝑡 2 − 2, 3𝑡
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 1: A charged particle 2kg and charge 3C start at point 1, −2,0 with
velocity 4𝐚𝑥 + 3𝐚𝑧 m/s and in electric field 𝐄 = 12 𝐚𝑥 + 10𝐚𝑦 . At time 𝑡 = 1𝑠,
find the following:
(a) Acceleration of the particle (b) Its velocity (c) Its kinetic energy, (d) Its position
1 2 1
(3) Kinetic energy = 𝑚 𝐮 = 2 222 + 152 + 32 = 718J
2 2
𝑑𝐥 𝑑
(4) 𝐮 = =
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 18𝑡 + 4,15𝑡, 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 18𝑡 2 But, at 𝑡 = 0. 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 1, −2,0
= 18𝑡 + 4 → 𝑥 = + 4𝑡 + 𝐴1 𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + 0 + A = 1
𝑑𝑡 2 1
𝑑𝑦 15𝑡 2 𝑦 𝑡 = 0 = 0 + B1 = −2
= 15𝑡 → 𝑦= + 𝐵1
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑧 𝑡 =0 =0+C =0
𝑑𝑧
=3 → 𝑧 = 3𝑡 + 𝐶1
𝑑𝑡
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 9𝑡 2 + 4𝑡 + 1, 7.5𝑡 2 − 2, 3𝑡
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑡 = 1𝑠 = 14, 5.5, 3
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
y

x
z
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
Particle moves with a constant velocity: Acceleration =0 y
𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝟎 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁
x
z
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
Particle moves with a constant velocity: Acceleration =0 y
𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝟎 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁
x
0 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 + 4𝐚𝐱 × 𝐁𝟎 𝐚𝑧 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 − 4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 z
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
Particle moves with a constant velocity: Acceleration =0 y
𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝟎 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁
x
0 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 + 4𝐚𝐱 × 𝐁𝟎 𝐚𝑧 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 − 4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 z

4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 = 20𝐚𝐲
𝐵0 = 5
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
Particle moves with a constant velocity: Acceleration =0 y
𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝟎 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁
x
0 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 + 4𝐚𝐱 × 𝐁𝟎 𝐚𝑧 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 − 4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 z

4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 = 20𝐚𝐲
𝐵0 = 5 Charged E
Applicable in velocity filter: Particles Particles
with
B constant
velocity

Particles without
constant velocity
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
Particle moves with a constant velocity: Acceleration =0 y
𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝟎 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁
x
0 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 + 4𝐚𝐱 × 𝐁𝟎 𝐚𝑧 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 − 4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 z

4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 = 20𝐚𝐲
𝐵0 = 5 Charged E
Applicable in velocity filter: Particles Particles
with
Type equation here. B constant
velocity
𝐅 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁 = 0 at critical speed
Particles without
constant velocity
 6.2 Force between differential current elements

Problem 2: A Charged particle moves with a uniform velocity 4𝐚𝑥 m/s

in a region where 𝐄 = 20𝐚𝑦 V/m and 𝐁 = 𝐵0 𝐚𝑍 . Determine 𝐵0 such
that velocity of the particle remains constant
Particle moves with a constant velocity: Acceleration =0 y
𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 = 𝟎 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁
x
0 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 + 4𝐚𝐱 × 𝐁𝟎 𝐚𝑧 = 𝑄 20𝐚𝐲 − 4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 z

4𝐵0 𝐚𝑦 = 20𝐚𝐲
𝐵0 = 5 Charged E
Applicable in velocity filter: Particles Particles
with
Type equation here. B constant
velocity
𝐅 = 𝑄 𝐄 + 𝐮 × 𝐁 = 0 at critical speed
𝐸 Particles without
𝐮 × 𝐁 = −𝐄 𝑢= constant velocity
𝐵