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Lecture 2

This document summarizes biochemical kinetics models for anaerobic and aerobic biological wastewater treatment. It presents the basic Monod kinetics equation relating microbial growth rate to substrate concentration. Equations are provided describing the relationships between substrate utilization rate, biomass production rate, and endogenous respiration decay. The concepts of hydraulic retention time, sludge age, and food-to-microorganism ratio are defined. An example problem is worked through calculating biomass production, sludge age, and F/M ratio for an aerated activated sludge tank under given conditions.

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Peter Kiptum
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61 views

Lecture 2

This document summarizes biochemical kinetics models for anaerobic and aerobic biological wastewater treatment. It presents the basic Monod kinetics equation relating microbial growth rate to substrate concentration. Equations are provided describing the relationships between substrate utilization rate, biomass production rate, and endogenous respiration decay. The concepts of hydraulic retention time, sludge age, and food-to-microorganism ratio are defined. An example problem is worked through calculating biomass production, sludge age, and F/M ratio for an aerated activated sludge tank under given conditions.

Uploaded by

Peter Kiptum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 2

Anaerobic and aerobic treatment biochemical kinetics


BASIC EQUATION FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER [1, 2]

According to Monod kinetics,


 s 
   max  
ks  s  (4.2.1)
Where, s is the substrate concentration, ks is the substrate concentration when µ(=µmax/2),
µmax is the maximum µ when substrate is not limiting.
 dX   dS 
Also, solid production rate   is related to substrate utilization rate   by
 dt   st 
following relationship:
 dX   dSr 
   Y  (4.2.2)
 dt   st 
Where, Sr is the mass of soluble substrate (i.e. BOD), Y is the yield coefficient (kg of
new cells formed/kg BOD removed). However owing to large treatment time in many of the
large treatment units, substantial number of cells may die because of endogenous respiration.
Therefore,

 dX   dS 
Net production rate    Y r   Kd X
 dt   dt  (4.2.3)
Where, Kd is the endogenous respiration decay rate constant.
For growth phase only,
 dS r  dX    s 
 Y  X  max X  
 dt  dt Y Y  Ks  S  (4.2.3)
Case 1- S>>Ks
dS r 
 KX where K  max
dt Y
(4.2.4)
i.e. removal rate is independent of substrate concentration and that the removal rate
depends on X only.
Case 2: S<< KS
dS r S K 
K  K '  S, K '   max
dt Ks K S YK S
(4.2.5)
Here, removal rate depends both upon X and S. Where, X is the mass of biomass in the
system (usually represented by MLSS i.e. Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid), µ is the specific
growth rate constant (time-1).

Major Terms
V volume
[a] Hydraulic detention time, t HRT  
Q flowrate
(4.2.6)

[b] Sludge age or mean residence time ( C )

xV x
C  Mass of solid in the system = '  ' t HRT
Mass of solid leaving system per day xQ x
(4.2.7)
Where, x (=X/V) the concentration of microbial solution in the system, x’ is the
concentration of solids withdrawn.

For the flow through system, x’ = x and C  t HRT

For the flow system with recycling, x’ < x and C  t HRT

[c] Food to microorganism ratio


F Substrate removal rate S O  S  t = S O  S
 =
M Solids  microorganisms  in the system X xV t
(4.2.8)

Problem 4.2.1: An aerated activated sludge tank is being operated under following conditions:
Q=4400 m3/d, MLSS=3500 mg/l, Y=0.5, tank volume =770 m3, Endogeneous decay rate
constant kd=0.09 d-1.
(a) Estimate weight of solids produced per day for the conditions in which BOD is reduced
from 350 mg/l to 130 mg/l.
(b) Estimate θc.
(c) Estimate F/M ratio.
Solution:
V 770
t HRT    0.175day
Q 4400
 dX   dS   350  130   0.09  3500  313.57 mg  313.57  V mg.m3/l.d
   Y  r   K d X = 0.5
 dt   dt  0.175 l d

=241.4 kg/d.
X
 C  mass of solid in the system/ mass of solid leaving the system per day=
x
t net
S O  S 
 dX  1 t K
  Y d
 dt  X X

1 F 
 Y   Kd
C M 
F S S t
 O = 0.359 (kg BOD/kg MLSS)
M X

 C  11.17 day.

REFERENCES
[1] Arceivala, S. J. Asolekar, S. R. Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control and Reuse.
3rd Ed., Tata McGraw Hill, 2007.
[2] Henze, M., Van-Loosdrecht, M. C. M., Ekama, G. A., Brdjanovic, D. Biological
Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modelling and Design, IWA publishing, 2008.
[3] Peavy, H. S., Rowe, D. R., Tchobanoglous, G. “Environmental Engineering”, McGraw-Hill,
1985.
 

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