Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…1

Factorial notation:
Type-I
1. Evaluate:
30 ! 9! 10 !
(a) (b) (c)
28 ! 5 ! 3! 6 ! 4!
12 ! - 10 ! 1 1 1
(d) (e) + +
9! 3! 4 ! 5!
1 1 1 122
2. Prove that + + =
9 ! 10 ! 11! 11!
3. Convert into factorials:
(a) 4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11 (b) 2.4.6.8.10
1 1 x
4. If + = , find x.
4! 5! 6!
1 1 x
5. If + = , find x.
9 ! 10 ! 11!
6. If (n+2)! = 60 [(n-1)!], find n.
7. If (n+1)! = 90 [(n-1)!], find n.
8. Find n, if (n+2)! = 2550 × n!.
9. Find n, if (n+1)! = 12 × (n-1)!.
10. Find the LCM of the following:
(a) 5!, 6!, 7! (b) (x - 1)!, x!, (x + 1)! (c) 2!, 4!, 6!
n! n!
11. If and are in the ratio 2: 1, find the value of n.
2! (n - 2) ! 4! (n - 4) !
(n + 1) (n + 1) !
12. If and are in the ratio 3: 2, find the value of n.
4! (n - 1) ! 6! (n - 3) !
(2n) ! n!
13. If : = 44: 3, find the value of n.
3! (2n - 3) ! 2! (n - 2) !
14. Prove that 20! = 210 [1.3.5…..19]. 10!
15. Prove that: (2n)! . (n-1)! = 2(n)! (2n-1)!
16. Prove that:
(2n + 1)!
(a) (2n)! = 2n . n! . [1.3.5…..(2n-1)] (b) =2n [1.3.5…..(2n-1)(2n+1)]
n!
n! n! (n + 1) !
17. Prove that: + =
r ! (n - r)! (r - 1) !(n - r + 1)! r ! (n - r + 1)!
18. Prove that (n ! + 1) is not divisible by any natural number between 2 and n.
19. Prove that 33! is divisible by 215. What is the largest integer n such that 33! is divisible by 2n.
20. Prove that 29! is divisible by 212. What is the largest integer n such that 29! is divisible by 2n.
Fundamental principles of counting:
Type-II
21. There are 6 candidates for 3 posts. In how many ways can the posts be filled?
22. From among the 36 teachers in a school, one principal and one vice-principal are to be appointed. In
how many ways can this be done?

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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…2
23. There are 15 buses running between Delhi and Mumbai. In how many ways can a man go to Mumbai
and return by a different bus?
24. A teacher of a class wants to set one question from each of the two exercises in a book. If there are 15
and 12 questions in the two exercises respectively, then in how many ways can the two questions be
selected?
25. A room has 6 doors. In how many ways can a man enter the room through one door and come out
through a different door?
26. The flag of a newly formed forum is in the form ∎∎∎ of three blocks. Each to be coloured differently. If
there are six different colours on the whole to choose from, how many such designs are possible?
27. Find the number of 4 letter words, with or without meaning, which can be formed out of the letters of
the word ROSE, when
(a) repetition of letters is not allowed (b) repetition of letters is allowed
28. For a set of five true or false questions, no student has written all the correct answers, and no two
students have given the same sequence of answers. What is the maximum number of students in the
class, for this to be possible?
29. A code word is to consist of two distinct English alphabets followed by two distinct numbers between
1 and 9. For example, C A 2 3 is a code word. How many such code words are there? How many of them
end with an even integer?
30. A lady wants to select one cotton saree and one chiffon saree from a textile shop. If there are 10 cotton
varieties and 12 chiffon varities, in how many ways can she choose the two sarees?
31. Find the number of different signals that can be generated by arranging at least 2 flags in order (one
below the other) on a vertical staff, if five flags are available.
32. How many words (with or without meaning) of three distinct letters of the English alphabets are
there?
33. There are 6 multiple choice questions in an examination. How many sequence of answers are possible,
if the first three questions have 4 choices each and the next three have 5 each?
34. In how many ways can a consonant and a vowel be chosen out of the letters of the word GREAT?
35. There are 10 varieties of pens and 8 varieties of pencils available at a shop. In how many ways can a
pen and pencil be chosen?
36. How many different numbers of two digits can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; no digit being
repeated.
37. How many three digit odd numbers can be formed from the digit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 when
(a) repetition of digits is not allowed (b) repetition of digits is allowed
38. How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 in which all the digits are distinct?
39. How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that every digit is either 2 or 9?
40. How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that 7 is in the unit’s place?
41. A three digit number is formed using the digits 0, 1, 2, …..,9. Find the number of odd numbers out of
these three digit numbers.
42. How many odd numbers less than 1000 can be formed using the digits 0, 2, 5, 7? (Repetition of digits is
allowed)
43. How many 3-digit numbers each less than 600 can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 9?
(Repetition of digits is not allowed)
44. How many numbers divisible by 5 and lying between 4000 and 5000 can be formed from the digits 4,
5, 6, 7 and 8?
45. How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 which have exactly one of their digits as 7?
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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…3
46. In how many ways can 3 prizes be distributed among 4 boys, when
(a) no boy gets more than one prize?
(b) a boy may get any number of prizes?
(c) no boy gets all the prizes?
47. In how many ways can 5 letters be posted in 4 letter boxes?
48. In the fig., each of the six squares in the strip is to be coloured with any one of ten
different colours so that no two adjacent squares have the same colour. Find the
number of ways of colouring the strip.
49. A customer forgets a four digit code for an Automatic Teller Machine in a bank. However, he
remembers that this code consists of digits 3, 5, 6 and 9. Find the largest possible number of trials
necessary to obtain the correct code.
50. A person wants to select 2 toys for his child. One variety of toys has 9 models and another variety has 6
models. In how many ways can he select the 2 toys, one from each of the varieties?
51. Six pictures are to be arranged from left to right on a wall of an art gallery for display. How many
arrangements are possible?
52. The digits, from 0 to 9, written on slips of paper and placed in a box. Three of the slips of paper are
drawn and placed in order. How many different outcomes are possible?
53. A coin is tossed three times and the outcomes are recorded. How many possible outcomes are there?
How many possible outcomes are there if the coin is tossed four times? Five times? n times?
Permutations:
Type-III
54. Evaluate:
(a) P(6, 4) (b) P(15, 3) (c) 5P3.
55. (a) If P(n, 7) = 2P(n, 5), then find n.
(b) If P(n, 5) = 60P(n, 2), then find n.
56. If P(5, r) = 2 . P(6, r - 1), find r.
57. If 10Pr = 5040, find the value of r.
58. If P(n – 1, 3) : P(n, 4) = 1: 9, find n.
59. Find r if P(10, r + 1).
60. (a) Find n if nP4 = 18 . n-1P2
(b) If 9P5 + 5 . 9P4 = 10Pr find r.
61. Prove that :
(a) P(n, n) = P(n, n-1)
(b) P(n, n) = 2 P(n, n-2)
62. If P(m + n, 2) = 56 and P(m – n, 2) = 12, find m and n.
11(n − 1)
63. If P(n + 5, n + 1) = P(n + 3, n) , find n.
2
64. If P(q, r) = 6P(q, r – 1), find r.
Type-IV
65. Seven atheletes are participating in a race. In how many ways can the first three prizes be won?
66. How many different signals are made by 5 flags from 8 flags of different colours?
67. In how many ways can 6 persons stand in a queue?
68. In how many ways can 10 people line up at a ticket window of a cinema hall?
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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…4
69. How many words, with or without meaning, can be formed using all the letters of the word EQUATION,
using each letter exactly once.
70. Ten students are participating in a race. In how many ways can the first three prizes be won?
71. It is required to seat 5 men and 4 women in a row so that the women occupy the even places. How
many such arrangements are possible?
72. How many signals can be given with 5 flags of different colours.
73. How many numbers lying between 100 and 10000 can be formed by using the digits, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
no digit being repeated.
74. (i) How many different numbers of six digits can be formed with the numbers 3, 1, 7, 0, 9, 5?
(ii) How many of them are divisible by 10?
75. How many different signals can be given using any number of flags from 5 flags of different colours?
76. From among the 36 teachers in a school, one principal and one vice-principal are to be appointed. In
how many ways can this be done?
77. Four books, one each in Chemistry, Physics, Biology and Mathematics, are to be arranged in a shelf. In
how many ways can this be done?
78. Find the number of different 4-letter words, with or without meanings, that can be formed from the
letters of th word ‘NUMBER’.
79. There are 6 items in column A and 6 items in column B. A student is asked to match each item in
column A with an item in column B. How many possible, correct or incorrect, answers are there to this
question?
80. In how many ways can 6 boys and 5 girls be arranged for a group photograph if the girls are to sit on
chairs in a row and the boys are to stand iin a row behind them?
Type-V
81. In how many ways can the letters of the word PENCIL be arranged so that (i) N is always next to E? (ii)
N and E are always together?
82. How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word EQUATION so that
(i) the words begin with E? (ii) the words begin with E and end with N?
(iii) the words begin and end with a consonant?
83. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word, ‘ TRIANGLE’? How many of these will
begin with T and end with E?
84. How many different words can be formed of the letters of the word ‘MALENKOV’ so that
(i) no two vowels are together;
(ii) the relative position of the vowels and consonants remains unaltered?
85. Find how many words can be formed out of the letters of the word ‘ORIENTAL’ so that vowels always
occupy the odd places.
86. In how many ways can the letters of the word PERMUTATIONS be arranged if the
(i) Words start with P and end with S? (ii) vowels are together?
(iii) there are always 4 letters between P and S?
87. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word DAUGHTER:
(i) taking all the letters together; (ii) beginning with D;
(iii) beginning with D and ending with R; (iv) vowels being always together
88. In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘UNIVERSAL’ be arranged ? In how many of these will E,
R, S always occur together?

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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…5
89. How many words, with or without meaning, can be made from the letters of the word MONDAY,
assuming that no letter is repeated if,
(i) 4 letters are used at a time? (ii) all letters are used at a time?
(iii) all letters are used but first letter is a vowel?
90. Find the number of different 8 letter words formed from the letters of the word EQUATION, if each
word is to start with a vowel.
Type-VI
91. How many different numbers between 100 and 1000 can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6,
assuming that the digits cannot be repeated? How many of these will be divisible by 5?
92. How many even numbers are there with three digits such that if 5 is one of the digits, then 7 is the next
digit?
93. How many four digit numbers can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 which are:
(i) greater than 2000 (ii) lying between 1000 and 3000 (iii) divisible by 4
94. (i) How many different numbers of 6-digits can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 7, 0, 9, 5?
(ii) How many of them are divisible by 10?
(iii) How many of them will have zero in the ten’s place?
95. How many 3 – digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9, if no digit is repeated?
96. How many 4-digit numbers are there with no digit repeated?
97. How many 6 digits numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 which are divisible by 10
and no digit is repeated?
98. Find the total number of numbers greater than 2000 that can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, no
digit being repeated in any number.
Extra questions
99. Four alphabets E, K, S and V, one in each, were purchased from a plastic warehouse. How many
ordered pairs of alphabets, to be used as initials, can be formed from them?
100.Anu wants to arrange 3 economics, 2 history and 4 language books on a shelf. If the books on the same
subject are different, determine
(a) the number of possible arrangements.
(b) the no. of possible arrangements, if all books on a subject are to be together.
101.In how many ways can 9 examination papers be arranged so that the best and the worst papers are
never together?
102.In how many ways can 5 children be arranged in a row such that
(i) two of them, Ram and Shyam, are always together?
(ii) two of them, Ram and Shyam, are never together?
103.Find the number of ways in which 5 boys and 5 girls be seated in a row so that
(i) no two girls may sit together.
(ii) all the girls sit together and all the boys sit together.
(iii) all the girls are never together.
104.A tea party is arranged for 16 persons along two sides of a long table with 8 chairson each side. Four
persons wish to sit on one particular and two on the other side. In how many ways can they be seated?
105.A family of 4 brothers and 3 sisters is to be arranged for a photograph in one row. In how many ways
can they be seated if (i) all the sisters sit together; (ii) no sisters sit together?
Type-VII

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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…6
106.In how many ways can 6 apples be distributed among 3 boys, there being no restriction to the number
of apples each boy may get.
107.In how many ways can 3 prizes be distributed among 4 boys when (i) a boy may get any number of
prizes; (ii) no boy gets all the prizes.
108.A boy has 3 pockets. In how many ways can he put 6 marbles in his pockets?
Type-VIII
Permutations of objects not all different
109.In how many different ways can be letters of the word ‘KURUKSHETRA’ be arranged?
110.How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word ‘MISSISSIPPI’ ? In how many of
these permutations four I’s do not come together?
111.How many permutations of the letters of the word ‘APPLE’ are there?
112.Find the number of permutations that can be made out of the letters of the words:
(i) INDIA (ii) EXAMINATION (iii) INDEPENDENCE
(iv)ASSASSINATION (v)ACCOMODATION
113.(i) How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word HARYANA?
(ii) How many of these begin with H and end with N?
(iii) In how many of these H and N are together?
114.How many arrangements can be made of the lettersof the word ‘ARRANGEMENT’. In how many of
these the vowels occur together?
115.If the differetn permutations of the word EXAMINATION are listed as in a dictionary, how many items
are there in this list before the first word starting with E?
116.How many different words can be formed by using all the letters of the word ‘ALLAHABAD’ ?
(i) In how many of them vowels occupy the even positions?
(ii) In how many of them both L do not come together?
117.Find the number of arrangements of the letters of the word INDEPENDENCE. In how many of these
arrangements,
(i) do the words start with P? (ii) do all the vowels always occur together?
(iii) do all the vowels never occur together? (iv) do the words begin with I and end in P?
118.How many arrangements can be made with the letters of the word ‘SERIES’? How many ofthese begin
and end with ‘S’?
119.How many arrangements can be made with the letters of the word ‘MATHEMATICS’? In how many of
them vowels are together?
120.In how many ways can the letters of the word ‘BALWINDER’ be arranged so that
(i) A and D may always be together; (ii) A and D may never be together.
121.How many words can be formed with the letters of the word ‘PARALLEL’ so that all L’s do not come
together?
122.How many words can be formed by arranging the letters of the word ‘MUMBAI’ so that all M’s come
together?
123.In how many of the distinct permutations of the letters in MISSISSIPPI do the four ‘I’’s not come
together?
Type-IX
124.If all the letters of the word ‘AGAIN’ be arranged as in a dictionary, what is the fiftieth word?

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 Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…7
125.The letters of the word ZENITH are written in all possible orders. How many words are possible if all
these words are written out as in a dictionary? What is the rank of the word ZENITH?
126.If the lettersof the word ‘MOTHER’ are written in all possible orders and these words are written out
as in a dictionary, find the rank of the word ’MOTHER’?
127.The letters of the word ‘RANDOM’ are written in all possible orders and these words are written out as
in a dictionary. Find the rank of the word ‘RANDOM’.
128.The le tters of the word ‘SURITI’ are written in all possible orders and these words are written out as in
a dictionary. Find the rank of the word ‘SURITI’.
Combinations
129.Evaluate the following:
(a) 10C8 (b) 11C3 (c) 100C98 (d) 31C26 – 30C26
130.If nC8 = nC6, find nC2.
131.If nPr = 720 and nCr = 20, find r.
132.If nC4 = nC6, find 12Cn.
133.If the ratio 2nC3: nC3 is equal to 11:1, find n.
134.(i) If 2nCr = 2nCr+2; find r. (ii) 18Cr = 18Cr+2; find rC5.
135.If n+2C8 : n-2P4 = 57 : 16, find n.
[1. 3 . 5.....(2n − 1)]
136.Prove that 2nCn = 2n .
n!
137.Prove that: 4nC2n : 2nCn = [1 . 3 . 5 … (4n - 1)] : [1 . 3 . 5 ….(2n - 1)]2.
5
138.Prove that:  C (5, r ) = 31.
r =1
5
139.Evaluate 20
C5 + 
r =2
25 − r
C4 .

140.Prove that nCr + 2. nCr-1 + nCr-1 + nCr–2 = n+2Cr.

141.If nPr = nPr+1 and nCr = nCr-1, find the values of n and r.
142.If C (n, r) : C (n, r + 1) = 1 : 2 and C (n, r + 1) : C (n, r + 2) = 2 : 3, determine the values of n and r.
143.Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:
n n
Cr n − r +1 Cr n
(a) = (b) n .n −1 C r −1 = (n − r + 1) n C r −1 (c) =
n r n −1 r
C r −1 C r −1
Practical problems on combinations:
Type-X
144.In how many ways can 5 sportsmen be selelcted from a group of 10?
145.From a class of 32 students, 4 are to be chosen for a competition. In how many ways can this be done?
146.Three gentlemen and three ladies are candidates for two vacancies. A voter has to vote for two
candidates. In how many ways can one cast his vote?
147.In how many ways can a student choose 5 courses out of 9 courses if 2 courses are compulsory for
every student.
148.If there are 12 persons in a party, and if each two of them shake hands with each other, how many
handshakes happen in the party?

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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…8
149.A question paper has two parts. Part A and Part B, each containing 10 questions. If the student has to
choose 8 from Part A and 5 from Part B, in how many ways can he choose the questions?
150.A student has to answer 10 questions, choosing at least 4 from each of part A and part B. If there are 6
questions in part A and 7 in part B, in how many ways can the student choose 10 questions?
151.In how many ways can a cricket tea of 11 players be selected out of 16 players
(i) if two particular players are always to be included?
(ii) if one particular player is to be excluded?
(iii) if two particular players are to be included and one particular player is to be rejected?
152.There are 6 boys and 3 girls in a class. A committee of 5 is to be formed such that it contains 3 boys and
2 girls. In how many ways can this be done. Also find the number of ways if atleast one girl is always in
the committee.
153.A committee of 12 is to be formed from 9 women and 8 men. In how many ways this can be done if
atleast five women have to be included in a committee ? In how many of these committees (i) the
women are in majority (ii) the men are in majority?
154.Out of 5 men and 2 women, a committee of 3 is to be formed. In how many ways can it be formed if at
least one woman is to be included?
155.A committee of 5 members is to be selected from among 6 boys and 5 girls. Find the number of ways of
selecting the committee if it is to consist of atleast 1 boy and 1 girl.
156.A committee of 3 members is to be formed out of 5 men and 4 women. Find the number of ways of
selecting the committee if it is to consist of at least one woman.
157.Out of 5 boys and 3 girls, a committee of 5 is to e formed. In how many ways can this be done if the
committee contains
(i) exactly two girls? (ii) at least two girls?
158.A person has 10 books including one dictionary. In how many ways can a selection of three books be
made, when
(i) the dictionary is always included? (ii) the dictionary is always excluded?
159.What is the number of ways of choosing 4 cards from a pack of 52 playing cards? In how many of these
(i) four cards are of the same suit,
(ii) four cards belong to four different suits,
(iii) four cards are face cards
(iv) two are red cards and two are black cards,
(v) cards are of the same colour?
160.In examination, a candidate has to pass in each of the 4 subjects. In how many ways can he fail?
161.For the post of 5 teachers, there are 23 applicants, 2 posts are reserved for SC candidates and there are
7 SC candidates among the applicants. In how many ways can the selelction be made?
162.How many different selections of 4 books can be made from 10 different books, if
(i) there is no restriction (ii) two particular books are always selected
(iii) two particular books are never selected.
Type-XI
163.How many chords ca nbe drawn through 21 points on a circle?
164.How many traingles can be obtained by joining 12 points, five of which are collinear?
165.There are 15 points in a plane, no three of which are collinear except 6 of them which are all on a line.
How many (i) st. lines; (ii) triangles can be formed by joining them?

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Xi-mathematics permutation and combinations practice sheet…9
166.There are 10 points in a plane, no three of which are in the straight line exept 4, which are collinear.
Find the number of (i) straight lines (ii) triangles, formed by joining them.
167.How many diagonals are there in a polygon with n sides?
168.A polygon has 44 diagonals. Find the number of its sides.
169.How many diagonals can be drawn by joining the angular points of a polygon of
(i) 12 sides (ii) n sides
170.Find the number of diagonals of (i) a hexagon (ii) a polygon of 16 sides.
Type-XII
171.A person invites a party of 13 guests to a dinner and places 8 of them at one table and the remaining 5
at the other, the tables being round. In how many ways can he arrange the guests?
172.A boy has 3 library tickets and 8 books of his interest in the library. Out of these 8, he does not want to
borrow Chemistry part II, unless Chemistry part I is also borrowed. In how many ways can he choose
the three books to be borrowed?
173.Determine the number of 5 cards combinations out of a deck of 52 cards if there is exactly one ace in
each combination.
174.In how many ways can 7 plus (+) signs and 5 (-) signs be arranged n a row so that no two nimus signs
are together?
175.In how many ways can 21 identical books on English and 19 identical books on Hindi be placed in a
row on a shelf so that two books on Hindi may not be together?
Type-XIII
176.Out of 7 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words can be made each containing 3 consonants and 2
vowels?
177.How many words, each of 3 vowels and 2 consonants, can be formed from the letters of the word
‘INVOLUTE’ ?
178.How many four letter words can be formed using the letters of the word ‘FAILURE’, so that
(i) F is included in each word (ii) F is not included in any word?
179.How many words with or without meaning, can be formed using all the letters of the word EQUATION
at a time so that vowels and consonants occur together?
180.How many words with or without meaning, each 2 of vowels and 3 consonants can be formed using the
letters of the word DAUGHTER?
181.The English alphabet has 5 vowels and 21 consonants. How many words with two different vowels and
2 different consonants can be formed from the alphabet?
182.How many four letter words can be formed using the letter of the word ‘INEFFECTIVE’?
183.In how many ways can the letters of the word PERMUTATIONS be arranged if there are always 4
letters between P and S?

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