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Calculus 3 Exam 3 Solutions

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36 views

Calculus 3 Exam 3 Solutions

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jackson leach
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MAC 2283 Exam 3 Solutions

Instructor: W. D. Gillam
(1) (4) Find all critical points of the function f (x, y) = x2 + xy + 3x + 2y + 5
and classify each as:
(a) a point where f has a local minimum,
(b) a point where f has a local maximum, or
(c) a saddle point.
(2) (8) Use the method of Lagrange Multipliers to find the area of the largest
rectangle contained in the ellipse E defined by
x2 y 2
+ = 1.
9 16
(You can take it for granted that the largest rectangle contained in E has
vertices on E and sides parallel to the coordinate axes.)
(3) (6) Let R ⊆ R2 be the region to the right of the y-axis, below y = 4, and
above y = x4 . Calculate ZZ
x dA.
R
2
(4) (8) Let R ⊆ R be the rectangle (including its interior) with vertices (π/2, 0),
(π, 0), (π/2, 1), and (π, 1). Calculate the average value of the function
f (x, y) = x sin(xy) over R.
(5) (6) Calculate
Z 3 Z √9−y2
x2 + y 2 dxdy.
−3 0
Hint: It is extraordinarily difficult to grind out the iterated integral “di-
rectly”.
(6) (8) Let B be the solid ball of radius 2 centered at the origin in R3 . Suppose
the density δ of B is given by δ(x, y, z) = 4 − z 2 . Calculate the mass of B.
Hint: Use the fact that you (hopefully) know the volume of B to reduce the
complexity of the integration.
2

Solutions:
(1) fx = 2x + y + 3 and fy = x + 2. The only critical point is (−2, 1). We have
fxx = 2, fxy = 1, and fyy = 0, so fxx (−2, 1) > 0 and the (determinant of
the) Hessian at (−2, 1) is −1 < 0, so (−2, 1) is a saddle point.
(2) Consider a rectangle with vertices on E and sides parallel to the coordinate
axes. Let (x, y) be the coordinates of its vertex in the first quadrant, so
x, y > 0, its other vertices are (−x, y), (x, −y), and (−x, −y), and its area
is A = 4xy. We want to maximize A subject to the constraint that (x, y)
be on the ellipse E (and that x, y > 0). Let g(x, y) = x2 /9 + y 2 /16, so that
E = g −1 (1). We have ∇A = 4(y, x) and ∇g = (2x/9, y/8). The method of
Lagrange multipliers tells us that A can have a local extreme value on E only
when ∇A and ∇g are linearly dependent—i.e. only when y = λ(2x/9) and
x = λ(y/8) for some real number λ. From these equations we find λ = 8x/y
and y 2 = 16x2 /9. The
√ only√ point (x, y) ∈ E satisfying the latter condition
with x, y > 0 is (3/ 2, 2 2) and the area of the corresponding rectangle is
24.
(3)
√
R = {(x, y) : 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, x4 ≤ y ≤ 4}
√
ZZ Z 2 Z 4
x dA = xdydx
R 0 x4
√
Z 2
= x(4 − x4 )dx
0
√
= [2x2 − x6 /6]0 2 = 8/3
(4) R = [π/2, π] × [0, 1] has area π/2. We compute
ZZ Z π Z 1
f dA = x sin(xy)dydx
R π/2 0
Z π
= [− cos(xy)]10 dx
π/2
Z π
= 1 − cos xdx
π/2
= [x − sin x]ππ/2
= π/2 + 1,
so the average value of f over R is (2/π)(π/2 + 1) = 1 + 2/π.
(5) By “Cartesian Fubini” this double iterated integral is the integral of the
function x2 + y 2 over the right half of the circle of radius 3 centered at the
origin. By “Polar Fubini” we can calculate the latter as
Z π/2 Z 3
r2 rdrdθ = π[r4 /4]30 = 81π/4.
−π/2 0
3

(6) The mass m of B is given by


ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ
m= δdV = 4 dV − z 2 dV.
B B B
The first term above is 4 times the volume of B, so it is 4(4/3)π23 = 27 π/3.
By “Spherical Fubini” we have
ZZZ Z 2π Z π Z 2
2
z dV = (ρ cos φ)2 ρ2 sin φdρdφdθ
B 0
Z π0 0
= 2π sin φ cos2 φ[ρ5 /5]20 dφ
0
26 π
= [− cos3 φ]π0
3·5
27 π
= .
3·5
Therefore
27 π 27 π 27 π 29 π
 
1 512π
m= − = 1− = = .
3 3·5 3 5 3·5 15

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