Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 1

А.П. Гулов

Олимпиадные задания по английскому языку. Word formation.

Москва
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 2

Task 1.

Word ACT
1 My friends think I have an _______ imagination.
2 She's one of the brightest young _______ in the theatre.
3 Personal _______ allows us to understand people better.

Task 2.

Word ADJUST
1 The Act prohibits any life policy being declined solely due to any misstatement
of age, and where such instances occur, requires the insurance company to
_______ the policy as if the correct age had been given.
2 When Jim graduated, he found _______ to the working world difficult.
3 The device is an ergonomic and _______ keyboard introduced by Apple
Computer in 1993 for the Macintosh personal computers at a retail price of US
$200.

Task 3.

Word ALTER
1 They had done their best; nothing more was possible in the way of addition or
_______ — for good or ill the die was cast.
2 The _______ medicine was to be given in tablespoonfuls — two tablespoonfuls
to a dose.
3 The soft, gray lines rose up on each side of her, immemorial, _______ lines of
gentle land.

Task 4.

Word APPEAR
1 The _______ of a god would not have caused more commotion.
2 He has something to do with the _______ of that ring I am sure, and if so, he
knows more than he says.
3 The only fact at present _______ was, that the crowd was every moment
increasing.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 3

Task 5.

Word ART

1 Apartment dwellers might opt for an _______ tree instead of the real thing.
2 He linked his arm in _______ Kane's and the two walked along the Strand,
discussing the permutations of human feeling.
3 The _______ that went into the making of the creature still astonishes.

Task 6.

Word BROAD
1 He, who attempts to _______ himself by accepting error, becomes the narrow
man.
2 The blade of the wheat-plant and _______ is often four fingers in breadth.
3 At whatever height they form, clouds may be _______ considered as of two
species only, massive and striated.

Task 7.

Word CAUSE
1 To understand them they must be studied in connection and _______.
2 It affords no explanation of the facts of adaptation, and has no _______ value.
3 It is difficult to determine the _______ factors for success or failure.

Task 8.

Word CHOOSE
1 Goldsmith was a _______ professor of history at a later period.
2 We have exercised the highest function of the will and made a _______.
3 Possibly she was so _______ in order to heighten her importance.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 4

Task 9.

Word CLASS
1 There could be no such thing as a _______ society, of course.
2 Is that any reason why they should _______ you in courage and in
determination?
3 The first is documentary, and aims at the collection, centralisation and _______
of all information bearing on food reform.

Task 10.

Word CONCEIVE
1 The organization is too restricted both in its ability to operate and in its ability to
_______ and to innovate.
2 From the thumbnail sketch to the many variations of a _______ scheme, one
eliminating the other, many decisions are arrived at.
3 Horror of an _______ monstrosity began to assail me: was I following through
the dark an unheard of hideousness?

Task 11.

Word CONSERVE
1 None are so directly interested in the _______ of mussels as the fishermen
themselves.
2 The bear will gorge himself on these cherries, and he is no _______.
3 Naturally the East is inclined to _______ pessimism—an attribute of advancing
years—and the West to impulsive optimism.

Task 12.

Word CRIME
1 The launched the campaign to _______ abortions.
2 She seemed to take a great deal of interest in _______ cases.
3 The _______ of the poor seemingly has decreased as the illiteracy has
decreased.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 5

Task 13.

Word DEEP
1 I could hear the fall and trickle of the rain, but it seemed only to _______ the
silence.
2 He was not tall, but there was unusual _______ and depth to his shoulders.
3 One cannot say much when one feels as _______ as those two felt then.

Task 14.

Word DEPEND
1 If there is any document of Americanism, it is the Declaration of _______.
2 A _______ was praising his patron for many virtues which he did not possess.
3 Down to 1814 Norway was politically and culturally a _______ of Denmark.

Task 15.

Word DOUBT
1 There is no road open for the _______ and questioner of popular rights but that
which leads back to abandoned ground.
2 He said that there was plenty of fishing; but he said it in a tone which made me
_______ about his meaning.
3 They are quite peaceful, and will _______ in time advance in civilization.

Task 16.

Word EDIT
1 For a week he bought every morning _______ and read it eagerly.
2 In 1881 he succeeded Howells in the _______ of the "Atlantic."
3 "That settles it," cried the _______ writer to the exchange editor, with mock
jubilation.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 6

Task 17.

Word AUTHOR
1 Which was about standard fare for _______ passage out of the school.
2 On the same ground might the _______ of all elective political and other posts
be questioned.
3 Again came the noise of knocking, heavy, _______, threatening.

Task 18.

Word AVOID
1 Mrs. Standish was studious in her _______ of him without appearance of open
slight.
2 Your orders are simply to make a reconnaissance and to run no _______ risks.
3 One will be _______ and helplessly preferred to the other.

Task 19.

Word ARGUE
1 But an aristocracy must be a minority, and it is _______ that the smaller it is the
better.
2 Nothing else can be deducted from their _______ , and this is what we maintain
ourselves.
3 “I think your fear is all an empty affair,” he said, in an _______ tone.

Task 20.

Word EMPLOY
1 This places a terrific responsibility upon the employer which does not, however,
shift it from the _______.
2 We hear of the prevention of _______, the removal of the bugbear of "losing the
job."
3 In 1968, 80 percent of _______ people worked outside the home.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 7

Task 21.

Word EXAMPLE
1 Every thing serves to _______, to illustrate man's misery.
2 He himself must be an _______ of the saving health of God's countenance if he
is to do good to others.
3 If I cannot save her, I will avenge her in an _______ manner.

Task 22.

Word EXPLAIN
1 “The death is being treated as a non-suspicious, but _______, sudden death,” a
spokesman said.
2 Little need be said _______ of the force of this general expression.
3 This maneuver was _______—a stranger would have puzzled to make it out.

Task 23.

Word COLOUR
1 The disease causes depigmentation of sections of skin, resulting in _______.
2 A flush rose in Sara's face: no one would have called her _______ now.
3 The floor was covered with a steel-cloth rug and steel-cloth hangings, _______
painted, hid the walls.

Task 24.

Word CALCULATE
1 He may _______ his own forces; he may have no chart of the country he would
invade.
2 He now had a little data upon which to work, and his fingers were flying over
the keys of the _______.
3 We, and many others beside ourselves, are by this volume made to feel how
_______ that loss is.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 8

Task 25.

Word COLLECT
1 Are you an avid collector in search of _______?
2 The value of their _______ assets has climbed hugely.
3 The movement is divided into two main branches—socialism proper, or
_______, as it is sometimes called, and anarchism.

Task 26.

Word CLAIM
1 As soon as the king was seated, he called upon an usher to summon the first
_______.
2 A _______ is often printed on the packaging nowadays.
3 In this year he obtained the first college prize for an English _______ .

Task 27.

Word COME
1 She handed the _______ a little glass in which air bubbles sparkle in the
transparent liquid and explained everything.
2 He finally got his _______ for his misbehavior.
3 The chief source of _______ in Ireland came from the pasture lands on which
cattle were bred.

Task 28.

Word COMPARE
1 What has Italy to offer in _______ with the Slovenes and the Croats?
2 But what pleased me _______ more than all the rest was the temperate style of
the popular refreshments.
3 But this is not the only advantage of a _______ study of religions.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 9

Task 29.

Word CHILD
1 Dear to me, sir, is the home of my _______ and the traditions of my people.
2 Such a mood, in spite of its element of _______, was yet a good one with him.
3 The simplicity of his faith in advanced life was _______, and sublime.

Task 30.

Word FOLD
1 Only one spoke—she whose cloak had been snatched up to _______ the child.
2 There were the two chairs and the two cots and the table, all of them _______.
3 He opened a _______ filled with legal documents and handwritten notes.

Task 31.

Word GOOD
1 Did not I show to your leader all the signs of amity and _______?
2 But my _______, even the air around this school is studious.
3 Their tradesmen carry their _______ about on barrows like the bakers in
France.

Task 32.

Word COMPOSE
1 It is a _______ of the fifteenth century, but the author is unknown.
2 He gave his friend a few seconds to recover his _______, and then approached
the question he had come to put.
3 Fontana was the first to notice the _______ of steam by incandescent carbon to
form hydrogen and carbonic oxide.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 10

Task 33.

Word ECONOMY
1 The French _______ Métin states this view-point very well.
2 His name is yet illustrious in the departments of natural and moral science and
_______.
3 The advent of incandescent lamps of higher efficiency has made it _______ to
use carbon lamps for general lighting purposes.

Task 34.

Word HAND
1 He received me with his usual courtesy, and gave me a _______ of candies to
try.
2 The society also possesses a remarkable collection of _______ tools.
3 All at once I was hungry enough to have gone and asked for a _______.

Task 35.

Word EXIST
1 The word plot signifies a weaving together; and a weaving together presupposes
the _______ of more than one strand.
2 To her the only way of life had been that which led to God; the others had been
_______.
3 _______, a movement in twentieth-century literature and philosophy, stresses
that people are entirely free and therefore responsible for what they make of
themselves.

Task 36.

Word FRUIT
1 They trudged along a little hungry, because of the _______ refreshments, and
mentally very active.
2 Finally, worn out by his _______ exertions, he fell asleep, angry.
3 In the companionship of these he passed happy, pleasant, and _______ hours.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 11

Task 37.

Word HIGH
1 Guns are now made which can reach air-craft at the _______ of two miles.
2 They are here, aboard the frigate which brought me, your _______.
3 She opened the door on a kitchen, the _______ of which was a table heaped
with dishes of dumplings and salt pork.

Task 38.

Word IDEAL
1 Surely you _______ him, Mark, and see in him the reflection of your own good
self.
2 The virtue of _______ is as necessary as the virtue of realism; and every great
writer shows his greatness by combining the two.
3 He had not behind him, as we have, a long line of _______ thinkers to guide
him.

Task 39.

Word IMPLY
1 Now, however, you must do nothing more that might _______ you.
2 The _______ was obvious, and I asked him for the facts.
3 You may believe it _______, said Sir Francis, who had taken a sheet of paper
and was writing rapidly upon it.

Task 40.

Word FORMAL
1 The only _______ is the payment to the man who performs the operation.
2 By this time, the two households were living on a most _______, friendly basis.
3 But this priest was standing in the corridor and was rather insistent that he
_______ some prayers at that point.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 12

Task 41.

Word MOUNT
1 In their progress they stop at no obstacle they can _______.
2 The _______ likes to retire again from the plains into the mountains.
3 This also was fairly high, _______ country, with a low strip by the sea.

Task 42.

Word PARENT
1 Of the incidents in the life of Homer, almost as little is known as of his _______
and birth-place.
2 It is woman who bears the great burden of _______, and with her the decision
must rest.
3 The show should run a _______ warning beforehand.

Task 43.

Word SAY
1 When they heard this, they could not _______; for the Truth came over them.
2 It is an old _______ that knowledge is power.
3 The _______ fact, of course, is that we have made a mistake.

Task 44.

Word SOFT
1 Today, the term machine is evocative of _______ rather than hardware.
2 The king soon recognized the author of the music, and his resentment against
Handel began to _______.
3 You will note that this _______ also contains a percentage of grime which
lodges in the pores.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 13

Task 45.

Word SPEAK
1 But for his honest and _______ opinions of political leaders undoubtedly he
would have been high in the department.
2 He had the tact now to conceal his astonishment at the manner of his friend's
_______.
3 We see with our own eyes the _______ misery of the battlefield.

Task 46.

Word FREE
1 We've got to work not so much for equality in _______ as for equality in
responsibility to the nation.
2 The next evening he crashed his car on the _______.
3 I fell, spun, plunged head over heels through tilting lights and shadows that
flung us through eternities of _______.

Task 47.

Word TERROR
1 It also may be a _______ place to visit at night.
2 _______ and deception are weapons not of the strong but of the weak.
3 They made a series of _______ decisions with horrific consequences.

Task 48.

Word USE
1 The pension system in the United States is an _______ which has escaped from
control.
2 Alternatively, _______ long-range survivable systems provide needed
flexibility.
3 As _______ to reject her conclusions as to deny the laws and the principles of
mathematics!
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 14

Task 49.

Word GREEN
1 Had she been able, she would have carried all the _______ of the garden away
with her.
2 In a week the flower-trees have put on bloom, and the grass caught its cloak of
_______.
3 It was a kind of _______ liquid, and it was basically undrinkable.

Task 50.

Word HOME
1 For the first time it occurred to me that I should be _______ for that city after I
left it.
2 She dressed in _______ clothing to differentiate herself from others.
3 He knew he was _______ in looks, but never before had he felt it quite so
keenly.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 15

Task 51.

Some interesting experiments on concrete arches were made recently, during the 1 _______
(CONSTRUCT) of the new railway station at Erfurt. Some of the rooms were to be covered
with concrete floors, carried on iron beams, while others, of smaller size, were intended to be
spanned by arches extending from wall to wall. One of the latter, something over seven feet in
width, was covered with concrete, flat on top, and forming on the underside a 2 _______
(SEGMENT) arch, the 3 _______ (THICK) of the material at the crown of the arch being
four inches, and about eleven inches at the springing. The concrete was made of "Germania"
Portland cement, mixed dry with gravel, moistened as required, and well rammed on the
centring; and skew-backs were cut in the brick walls at the springing line, extending two
courses higher, so as to give room for the concrete to take a firm hold on the walls. Fourteen
days after 4 _______ (COMPLETE), this floor was loaded with bricks and sacks of cement to
the amount of more than six hundred pounds per square foot, without suffering any injury,
although, after the load was on, a workman hammered with a pick on the concrete, close to the
loaded portion, so as to provoke the cracking of the arch if there had been any tendency to
rupture. In the other cases, the concrete arches being turned between iron beams, the 5
_______ (STRONG) of the floor was limited by that of the beams, so the extreme load could
not be put on; but the curious fact was established that a section of concrete flat on top, and
forming a regular segmental arc beneath, was far stronger than one in which a portion of the
under surface was parallel to the upper; showing, 6 _______ (APPARENT), that the arched
form, even with homogeneous concrete, causes the 7 _______ (CONVERT) of a large part of
a vertical pressure into lateral thrust, reducing by so much the tendency of the load to break
the concrete transversely. This observation is important 8 _______ (THEORY) as well as
practically. It has been of late generally maintained that a concrete arch is not an arch at all,
but a lintel, without thrust, and that the common form, flat above and arched beneath, is 9
_______ (OBJECT), as it gives least material at the centre, where a lintel is most strained.
The Erfurt experiments directly contradict this view, and it remains for some students of 10
_______ (ARCHITECT) to render the profession a service by repeating them, and, at the
same time, actually determining the thrust, for a given load, of arches of particular forms.
Until this is done, the concrete construction, which is likely, we may hope, to become before
many years the prevailing one in our cities, will be practised with 11 _______ (DIFFICULT)
and uncertainty, if not with danger. Incidentally, a trial was made of the effect of freezing on
the concrete. The floor of a room arched in four bays, between iron beams, had just been
finished when the weather became cold, and on the morning after its completion the
thermometer stood at twenty above zero. The concrete had not been protected in any way, and
the 12 _______ (CONTRACT) was notified that it had been frozen, and must be removed.
This was early in December, and it was about the first of April before the work of 13 _______
(REMOVE), preliminary to replacing the concrete with new material, was begun. Three bays
had been wholly or partly removed when the 14 _______ (HARD) of the concrete under the
workmen's tools attracted attention, and the arch remaining intact was tested with a load of
three hundred pounds per square foot, which it bore 15 _______ (PERFECT).
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 16

Task 52.

The question how far an architect can be held responsible in damages, in cases where the cost
of work exceeds the estimates, is examined in a recent number of La Semaine des
Constructeurs, and some 1 _______ (CONSIDER) are mentioned which are new to us.
According to Frémy-Ligneville, the most familiar 2 _______ (AUTHOR) on the subject, the
architect incurs no 3 _______ (RESPONSE) whatever, either for his own estimates or those
of other people, unless he intentionally and 4 _______ (FRAUD) misleads his client by a
pretended estimate. In this case, as in that of any other fraud, he is liable for the results of his
crime. Except under such circumstances, however, the architect's estimate of cost is simply an
expression of opinion, the 5 _______ (CORRECT) of which he does not guarantee, although
important interests may depend upon it. The 6 _______ (OWN) estimates the value of the
architect's opinion, as of the lawyer's, by the professional 7 _______ (REPUTE) of the man
who gives it, and, if he wishes to be more secure, he can go to another architect, as he would
to another lawyer, for an 8 _______ (DEPEND) estimate. Moreover, if the owner of the
projected building is still anxious that the cost should be strictly limited to the sum estimated
by the architects, he can have a contract drawn by which the 9 _______ (BUILD) shall be
obliged to complete it for that sum, and can have his plans and 10 _______ (SPECIFY)
examined by competent authority, to see if they include everything necessary. This ought to
make him 11 _______ (REASON) sure what his house will cost him, provided he does not
himself make changes in the plans. If he has omitted to take this precaution, and, as his
building goes on, he finds that it is 12 _______ (LIKE) to exceed the estimate, he has another
13 _______ (EXCEL) opportunity to protect himself, by ordering immediately such changes
in the plans for the work yet remaining to be done as may reduce the expense to the 14
_______ (DESIRE) amount, and by doing so he 15 _______ (GENERAL) suffers no
damage, as, if he does not get all he expected to for his money, he gets all his money will pay
for.

Task 53.

The sense of beauty has a more important place in life than aesthetic theory has ever taken in
philosophy. The plastic arts, with poetry and music, are the most conspicuous monuments of
this human interest, because they appeal only to 1 _______ (CONTEMPLATE), and yet have
attracted to their service, in all civilized ages, an amount of effort, genius, and honour, little
inferior to that given to industry, war, or religion. The fine arts, however, where aesthetic
feeling appears almost pure, are by no means the only sphere in which men show their
susceptibility to beauty. In all products of human industry we notice the 2 _______ (KEEN)
with which the eye is attracted to the mere 3 _______ (APPEAR) of things: great sacrifices of
time and labour are made to it in the most vulgar manufactures; nor does man select his
dwelling, his clothes, or his companions without 4 _______ (REFER) to their effect on his
aesthetic senses. Of late we have even learned that the forms of many animals are due to the 5
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 17

_______ (SURVIVE) by selection of the colours and forms most 6 _______ (ATTRACT) to
the eye. There must therefore be in our nature a very radical and wide-spread tendency to
observe beauty, and to value it. No account of the principles of the mind can be at all adequate
that passes over so conspicuous a faculty.
That aesthetic theory has received so little attention from the world is not due to the 7 _______
(IMPORTANT) of the subject of which it treats, but rather to lack of an adequate motive for
speculating upon it, and to the small success of the 8 _______ (OCCASION) efforts to deal
with it. Absolute 9 _______ (CURIOUS), and love of comprehension for its own sake, are not
passions we have much leisure to indulge: they require not only 10 _______ (FREE) from
affairs but, what is more rare, from prepossessions and from the hatred of all ideas that do not
make for the 11 _______ (HABIT) goal of our thought.
Now, what has chiefly maintained such 12 _______ (SPECULATE) as the world has seen
has been either 13 _______ (THEOLOGY) passion or practical use. All we find, for example,
written about beauty may be divided into two groups: that group of writings in which
philosophers have interpreted aesthetic facts in the light of their metaphysical principles, and
made of their theory of taste a corollary or footnote to their systems; and that group in which
artists and critics have ventured into philosophic ground, by generalizing somewhat the
maxims of the craft or the comments of the sensitive observer. A 14 _______ (TREAT) of the
subject at once direct and theoretic has been very rare: the problems of nature and morals have
attracted the reasoners, and the description and creation of beauty have absorbed the artists;
between the two reflection upon aesthetic experience has remained abortive or 15 _______
(COHERENT).

Task 54.

The beauty of the world, indeed, cannot be attributed 1 _______ (WHOLE) or mainly to
pleasures thus attached to abstracted sensations. It is only the beauty of the materials of things
which is drawn from the 2 _______ (PLEASE) of sensation. By far the most important effects
are not 3 _______ (ATTRIBUTE) to these materials, but to their 4 _______ (ARRANGE)
and their ideal relations.
But before passing to the consideration of this more intricate subject, we may note that
however subordinate the beauty may be which a garment, a building, or a poem derives from
its sensuous material, yet the 5 _______ (PRESENT) of this sensuous material is 6 _______
(DISPENSE). Form cannot be the form of nothing. If, then, in finding or creating beauty, we
ignore the materials of things, and attend only to their form, we miss an ever-present
opportunity to 7 _______ (HEIGHT) our effects. For whatever delight the form may bring,
the material might have given delight already, and so much would have been gained towards
the value of the total result.
Sensuous beauty is not the greatest or most important element of effect, but it is the most
primitive and 8 _______ (FUNDAMENT), and the most universal. There is no effect of form
which an effect of material could not enhance, and this effect of material, underlying that of
form, raises the latter to a higher power and gives the beauty of the object a certain poignancy,
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 18

9 _______ (THOROUGH), and infinity which it otherwise would have lacked. The
Parthenon not in marble, the king's crown not of gold, and the stars not of fire, would be feeble
and 10 _______ (PROSE) things. The greater hold which material beauty has upon the senses,
stimulates us here, where the form is also sublime, and lifts and intensifies our emotions. We
need this stimulus if our 11 _______ (PERCEIVE) are to reach the highest pitch of strength
and 12 _______ (ACUTE). Nothing can be ravishing that is not 13 _______ (BEAUTY)
pervasively.
And another point. The wider 14 _______ (DIFFUSE) of sensuous beauty makes it as it were
the poor man's good. Fewer factors are needed to produce it and less training to appreciate it.
The senses are indispensable instruments of labour, developed by the necessities of life; but
their perfect development produces a harmony between the inward structure and instinct of the
organ and the outward opportunities for its use; and this harmony is the source of 15 _______
(CONTINUE) pleasures.

Task 55.

1 _______ (CUSTOM) as we are to think of China as the greatest peace-loving nation on

earth, we are in some danger of forgetting that her experience of war in all its phases has also
been such as no modern State can parallel. Her long military annals stretch back to a point at
which they are lost in the mists of time. She had built the Great Wall and was maintaining a
huge standing army along her frontier centuries before the first 2 _______ (ROME) legionary
was seen on the Danube. What with the perpetual 3 _______ (COLLIDE) of the ancient 4
_______ (FEUD) States, the grim conflicts with Huns, Turks and other invaders after the 5
_______ (CENTRE) of government, the terrific upheavals which accompanied the overthrow
of so many dynasties, besides the 6 _______ (COUNT) rebellions and minor disturbances that
have flamed up and flickered out again one by one, it is hardly too much to say that the clash
of arms has never ceased to resound in one portion or another of the Empire.
No less remarkable is the succession of illustrious captains to whom China can point with 7
_______ (PROUD). As in all countries, the greatest are fond of emerging at the most 8
_______ (FATE) crises of her history. Thus, Po Chi stands out conspicuous in the period
when Chin was entering upon her final struggle with the remaining 9 _______ (DEPEND)
states. The 10 _______ (STORM) years which followed the break-up of the Chin dynasty are
illuminated by the transcendent genius of Han Hsin. When the House of Han in turn is
tottering to its fall, the great and baleful figure of Tsao dominates the scene. And in the 11
_______ (ESTABLISH) of the Tang dynasty, one of the mightiest tasks achieved by man, the
superhuman energy of Li Shih-min (afterwards the Emperor Tai Tsung) was seconded by the
brilliant strategy of Li Ching. None of these generals need fear 12 _______ (COMPARE)
with the greatest names in the military history of Europe.
In spite of all this, the great body of Chinese sentiment, from Lao Tzu downwards, and
especially as reflected in the standard literature of Confucianism, has been consistently pacific
and intensely opposed to 13 _______ (MILITARY) in any form. It is such an uncommon
thing to find any of the 14 _______ (LITERATE) defending warfare on principle, that I have
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 19

thought it worth while to collect and translate a few passages in which the 15 _______
(ORTHODOX) view is upheld.

Task 56.

Military weapons are the 1 _______ (MEAN) used by the people to punish violence and 2
_______ (CRUEL), to give peace to troublous times, to remove difficulties and dangers, and
to succor those who are in peril. Every animal with blood in its veins and horns on its head
will fight when it is attacked. How much more so will man, who carries in his breast the
faculties of love and hatred, joy and anger! When he is pleased, a feeling of 3 _______
(AFFECT) springs up within him; when angry, his poisoned sting is brought into play. That is
the 4 _______ (NATURE) law which governs his being. What then shall be said of those 5
_______ (SCHOOL) of our time, blind to all great issues, and without any 6 _______
(APPRECIATE) of relative values, who can only bark out their stale formulas about "virtue"
and "civilization," condemning the use of military weapons?
They will surely bring our country to impotence and dishonor and the loss of her 7 _______
(RIGHT) heritage; or, at the very least, they will bring about invasion and 8 _______
(REBEL), sacrifice of territory and general enfeeblement. Yet they obstinately refuse to
modify the position they have taken up. The truth is that, just as in the family the teacher must
not spare the rod, and punishments cannot be dispensed with in the State, so military
chastisement can never be allowed to fall into abeyance in the Empire. All one can say is that
this power will be exercised wisely by some, 9 _______ (FOOL) by others, and that among
those who bear arms some will be loyal and others rebellious.
War may be defined as 10 _______ (PUNISH), which is one of the functions of 11 _______
(GOVERN). Nowadays, the holding of trials and hearing of litigation, the 12 _______
(PRISON) of offenders and their 13 _______ (EXECUTE) by flogging in the market-place,
are all done by officials. But the wielding of huge armies, the throwing down of fortified
cities, the hauling of women and children into captivity, and the 14 _______ (HEAD) of
traitors - this is also work which is done by officials. The objects of the rack and of military
weapons are essentially the same. There is no intrinsic difference between the punishment of
flogging and cutting off heads in war. For the lesser infractions of law, which are easily dealt
with, only a small amount of force need be employed: hence the use of military weapons and
wholesale 15 _______ (DECAPITATE). In both cases, however, the end in view is to get rid
of wicked people, and to give comfort and relief to the good.

Task 57.

The 1 _______ (GEOLOGY) structure of that portion of southern Missouri which lies to the
westward of the Archean rocks near the Mississippi River is peculiarly suitable for the
development of caverns. The Ozark uplift produced far-reaching undulations, and there seem
to have been no violent 2 _______ (DISTURB) which would result in extensive faults,
considerable 3 _______ (PLACE), or a pronounced inclination of the strata. Jointing and
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 20

pressure 4 _______ (CLEAVE), however, gave rise to innumerable crevices in the limestone,
through which percolating surface water found its way into all parts of the formations. By its 5
_______ (SOLVE) power this water gradually enlarged the crevices into passages which,
multiplying and uniting, drained constantly increasing areas until they formed subterranean
streams with a perpetual flow. Thus began caverns; and these grew in depth, 6 _______
(WIDE), and height as the rock was eroded and dissolved. Tributary crevices were subject to
the same action; and there was finally created by each of these water systems a network of
cavities whose ramifications sometimes extend throughout several 7 _______ (TOWN). In
time, sections of the roof, here and there, became so thin from the combined 8 _______
(ERODE) taking place both above and below as to be 9 _______ (ABLE) to sustain their own
weight; the overlying strata fell into the cave, and the volume of water flowing through it was
augmented by 10 _______ (DRAIN) which had previously been disposed of on the 11
_______ (FACE). All this had to seek an outlet somewhere, except in those rare instances
where it maintains its downward course until, below the level of any open stream it can reach,
it encounters an impervious stratum and must lose 12 _______ (IT) in the deep rocks. Usually,
however, it emerges in the face of a bluff or on the side of a hill; and the opening becomes
"the mouth of a cave." Occasionally, in such situations, the water continues to flow out; but
usually it finds a way to reach a lower level, and so the cave in time becomes dry except for
such water as seeps through from the earth immediately above. Sometimes, too, the point of
13 _______ (CHARGE) is at or perhaps somewhat below the level of a stream into which it
passes; in the Ozarks there are 14 _______ (NUMBER) very large springs or fountains which
by inverted siphon or artesian action are forced up from subterranean streams lying at a greater
15 _______ (DEEP).

Task 58.

Certain conditions are to be taken into account in deciding whether a cave afforded a 1
_______ (DESIRE) permanent shelter to primitive man. It should be 2 _______ (ACCESS);
the floor should be dry, at least fairly level, and sufficiently free from large rocks to allow the
inmates to move about freely; the 3 _______ (ENTER) should be large enough to permit free
passage and to light the interior to a distance that would insure 4 _______ (PROTECT) from
the elements. Temporary shelters or camping places might be deficient in some of these
particulars and still be resorted to frequently; but if there were opportunity for choice, a man
with 5 _______ (INTELLIGENT) to select a cave in which to live continually would, it is fair
to assume, look for one possessing such features.
If such conditions, once established, were free from the mutations of time, the 6 _______
(EXPLORE) would have but little difficulty in deciding upon a 7 _______ (SUIT) site for his
labors. But limestone, more than any other solid rock, is subject to constant erosion,
crumbling, and falling; while the soil and loose fragments resulting from such action move
downward year by year over the slopes and into any cavities where they can find their way. In
the course of centuries the entire aspect of a cave may be so altered as to bear no 8 _______
(RESEMBLE) whatever to its original appearance. 9 _______ (CONSEQUENT) a careful
study must be made of the immediate 10 _______ (SURROUND), in order to determine what
topographical changes may have occurred since the earliest time within which it is probable
that man may have existed in that 11 _______ (LOCAL). Should the floor, at present, be of
solid rock; or covered with only a slight layer of earth; or have a stream flowing over it; or
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 21

show by marks upon the walls that it is subject to inundation either from adjacent streams or
by surface water which finds its way in through sink holes; or be in such situation as to make
it apparent that the original bottom was thus flooded in 12 _______ (COMPARE) modern
times, even though such may not now be the case - in any such event excavation would be
labor wasted. On the other hand, all the necessary 13 _______ (REQUIRE) for a convenient
residence may now be present, and yet result from causes which have begun to operate within
the historic period. In other words, there are very few cases in which the present appearance of
a cave is to be deemed a certain or even an approximate 14 _______ (INDICATE) of its actual
state a few thousand years ago. There is only one way to determine whether extended
excavations may possibly result in 15 _______ (SATISFY) returns, and that is to sink shafts or
run trenches in the superficial deposits.

Task 59.

After the great victory of Mount Badon, by which the Saxons were for the time 1 _______
(EFFECT) put down, Arthur turned his arms against the Scots and Picts, whom he routed at
Lake Lomond, and compelled to sue for mercy. He then went to York to keep his Christmas,
and employed himself in restoring the Christian churches which the Pagans had rifled and
overthrown. The following summer he conquered Ireland, and then made a voyage with his
fleet to Iceland, which he also subdued. The kings of Gothland and of the Orkneys came 2
_______ (VOLUNTARY) and made their 3 _______ (SUBMIT), promising to pay tribute.
Then he returned to Britain, where, having established the 4 _______ (KING), he dwelt
twelve years in peace.
During this time he invited over to him all persons whatsoever that were famous for valor in
foreign nations, and augmented the number of his domestics, and introduced such 5 _______
(POLITE) into his court as people of the remotest countries thought worthy of their 6
_______ (IMITATE). So that there was not a nobleman who thought himself of any 7
_______ (CONSIDER) unless his clothes and arms were made in the same fashion as those of
Arthur's knights.
Finding himself so 8 _______ (POWER) at home, Arthur began to form designs for
extending his power abroad. So, having prepared his fleet, he first attempted Norway, that he
might procure the crown of it for Lot, his sister's husband. Arthur landed in Norway, fought a
great battle with the king of that country, defeated him, and pursued the victory till he had
reduced the whole country under his dominion, and established Lot upon the throne. Then
Arthur made a voyage to Gaul and laid siege to the city of Paris. Gaul was at that time a
Roman province, and governed by Flollo, the Tribune. When the siege of Paris had continued
a month, and the people began to suffer from famine, Flollo challenged Arthur to single
combat, proposing to decide the 9 _______ (CONQUER) of the province in that way. Arthur
10 _______ (GLAD) accepted the challenge, and slew his adversary in the contest, upon
which the citizens surrendered the city to him. After the victory Arthur divided his army into
two parts, one of which he committed to the conduct of Hoel, whom he ordered to march into
Aquitaine, while he with the other part should endeavor to subdue the other provinces. At the
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 22

end of nine years, in which time all the parts of Gaul were 11 _______ (ENTIRE) reduced,
Arthur returned to Paris, where he kept his court, and, calling an assembly of the clergy and
people, established peace and the just 12 _______ (ADMINISTRATE) of the laws in that
kingdom. Then he bestowed Normandy upon Bedver, his butler, and the province of
Andegavia upon Kay, his steward, and several other provinces upon his great men that
attended him. And, having settled the peace of the cities and countries, he returned back in the
beginning of spring to Britain.
Upon the approach of the feast of Pentecost, Arthur, the better to demonstrate his joy after
such 13 _______ (TRIUMPH) successes, and for the more solemn 14 _______ (OBSERVE)
of that festival, and reconciling the minds of the princes that were now subject to him,
resolved during that season to hold a magnificent court, to place the crown upon his head, and
to invite all the kings and dukes under his 15 _______ (SUBJECT) to the solemnity.

Task 60.

While the army was encamped in Brittany, awaiting the 1 _______ (ARRIVE) of the kings,
there came a countryman to Arthur, and told him that a 2 _______ (GRAVE) giant, whose
cave was on a neighboring mountain, called St. Michael's Mount, had for a long time been
accustomed to carry off the children of the peasants to devour them. "And now he hath taken
the Duchess of Brittany, as she rode with her 3 _______ (ATTEND), and hath carried her
away in spite of all they could do." "Now, fellow," said King Arthur, "canst thou bring me
there where this giant haunteth?" "Yea, sure," said the good man; "lo, yonder where thou seest
two great fires, there shalt thou find him, and more treasure than I suppose is in all France
beside." Then the king called to him Sir Bedver and Sir Kay, and commanded them to make
ready horse and harness for himself and them; for after evening he would ride on 4 _______
(PILGRIM) to St. Michael's Mount.

So they three departed, and rode forth till they came to the foot of the mount. And there the
king commanded them to tarry, for he would himself go up into that mount. So he ascended
the hill till he came to a great fire, and there he found an aged woman sitting by a new-made
grave, making great sorrow. Then King Arthur saluted her, and demanded of her wherefore
she made such 5 _______ (LAMENT); to whom she answered: "Sir knight, speak low, for
yonder is a devil, and if he hear thee speak, he will come and destroy thee 6 _______
(MERCY). For ye cannot make 7 _______ (RESIST) to him, he is so fierce and so strong. He
hath murdered the Duchess, which here lieth, who was the fairest of all the world, wife to Sir
Hoel, Duke of Brittany." "Dame," said the king, "I come from the noble 8 _______
(CONQUER), King Arthur, to treat with that tyrant." "Fie on such treaties," said she; "he
setteth not by the king, nor by no man else." "Well," said Arthur, "I will accomplish my
message for all your 9 _______ (FEAR) words." So he went forth by the crest of the hill, and
saw where the giant sat at supper, gnawing on the limb of a man, and baking his broad limbs
at the fire, and three fair damsels lying bound, whose lot it was to be devoured in their turn.
When King Arthur beheld that, he had great compassion on them, so that his heart bled for
sorrow. Then he hailed the giant, saying, "He that all the world ruleth give thee short life and
10 _______ (SHAME) death. Why hast thou murdered this Duchess? Therefore come forth,
for this day thou shalt die by my hand." Then the giant started up, and took a great club, and
smote at the king, and smote off his coronal; and then the king struck him in the belly with his
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 23

sword, and made a fearful wound. Then the giant threw away his club, and caught the king in
his arms, so that he crushed his ribs. Then the three 11 _______ (MAID) kneeled down and
prayed for help and comfort for Arthur 12 _______ (ADMIRE). And Arthur weltered and
wrenched, so that he was one while under, and another time above. And so weltering and
wallowing they rolled down the hill, and ever as they weltered Arthur smote him with his
dagger; and it fortuned they came to the place where the two knights were. And when they
saw the king fast in the giant's arms they came and loosed him. Then the king commanded Sir
Kay to smite off the giant's head, and to set it on the truncheon of a spear, and fix it on the
barbican, that all the people might see and behold it. This was done, and anon it was known
through all the country, wherefore the people came and thanked the king 13 _______
(CEREMONY). And he said 14 _______ (AFFECT), "Give your thanks to God; and take ye
the giant's spoil and divide it among you." And King Arthur caused a church to be build on
that hill, in honor of St. Michael, their 15 _______ (DEFEND).

Task 61.

1 Holmes was _______ upon the side of flattery, and also, to ACCESS
do him justice, upon the side of kindliness.
2 We have no excuse for an _______ upon his privacy until INTRUDE
we have some reason to think that there is a guilty reason
for it.
3 Report to me if anything fresh occurs, and rely upon my ASSIST
_______ if it should be needed.

4 There is one rather obvious line of _______. INVESTIGATE

5 Our client had suddenly burst into the room with an EXPLODE
_______ energy which told of some new and momentous
development.
6 The mirror was so placed that, seated in the dark, we could PLAIN
very _______ see the door opposite.
7 "I will call again in the evening," said he to the _______ EXPECT
landlady.
8 An instant later it was _______ replaced, and I caught a HURRY
glimpse of a dark, beautiful, horrified face glaring at the
narrow opening of the box-room.
9 The attack upon Mr. Warren further shows that the enemy, SUBSTITUTE
whoever they are, are themselves not aware of the
_______ of the female lodger for the male.
10 As we peered from the darkened sitting-room of the OBSCURE
lodging-house, one more dim light glimmered high up
through the _______.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 24

Task 62.

1 Statesmen - even the greatest - have rarely won the same RECOGNISE
unquestioning _______ that falls to the great warriors or
those supreme in science, art or literature.
2 A warrior, a man of science, an artist or a poet are judged IGNORE
in the main by definite achievements, by the victories they
have won over foreign enemies or over _______ and
prejudice, by the joy and enlightenment they have brought
to the consciousness of their own and succeeding
generations.
3 For the statesman there is no such exact measure of GREAT
_______.
4 The greater he is, the less likely is his work to be marked DIRECT
by decisive achievement which can be recalled by
anniversaries or signalised by some outstanding event: the
chief work of a great statesman rests in a gradual change
of _______ given to the policy of his people, still more in
a change of the spirit within them.
5 The soldier finds or makes his army ready to yield OBEY
unhesitating _______ to his commands, the sailor
animates his fleet with his own personal touch, and the
great man in art, literature or science is master of his
material, if he can master himself.
6 Lincoln, one of the few supreme statesmen of the last EXCEPT
three centuries, was no _______ to this rule.
7 To them he belongs by right of his immense power of hard SIMPLE
work, his unfaltering pursuit of what seemed to him right,
and above all by that childlike directness and _______ of
vision which none but the greatest carry beyond their
earliest years.
8 It is a time when we may learn much from Lincoln's MODEST
failures and success, from his patience, his _______, his
serene optimism and his eloquence, so simple and so
magnificent.
9 The subject of this memoir is revered by multitudes of his PRESERVE
countrymen as the _______ of their commonwealth.
10 This reverence has grown with the lapse of time and the ACCUMULATE
_______ of evidence.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 25

Task 63.

1 There is as great _______ among authors in the modes DIVERSE

which they have adopted of defining logic, as in their
treatment of the details of it.
2 This is what might naturally be expected on any subject on WRITE
which _______ have availed themselves of the same
language as a means of delivering different ideas.
3 Almost every writer having taken a different view of some KNOW
of the particulars which these branches of _______ are
usually understood to include.
4 This diversity is not so much an evil to be complained of, PERFECT
as an inevitable and in some degree a proper result of the
_______ state of those sciences.
5 It is not to be expected that there should be agreement DEFINE
about the _______ of anything, until there is agreement
about the thing itself.
6 Accordingly, in the case of so complex an _______ of AGGREGATE
particulars as are comprehended in anything which can be
called a science, the definition we set out with is seldom
that which a more extensive knowledge of the subject
shows to be the most appropriate
7 Until we know the particulars themselves, we cannot fix DESCRIBE
upon the most correct and compact mode of
circumscribing them by a general _______.
8 So long as the sciences are imperfect, the definitions must PROGRESS
partake of their imperfection; and if the former are
_______, the latter ought to be so too.
9 The definition which I am about to offer of the science of STATE
logic, pretends to nothing more, than to be a _______ of
the question which I have put to myself, and which this
book is an attempt to resolve.
10 The _______ is at liberty to object to it as a definition of READ
logic; but it is at all events a correct definition of the
subject of these volumes.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 26

Task 64.

1 These various operations might be brought within the ADD

compass of the science, and the _______ advantage be
obtained of a very simple definition, if, by an extension of
the term, sanctioned by high authorities.
2 The sole object of Logic is the _______ of one's own GUIDE
thoughts: the communication of those thoughts to others
falls under the consideration of Rhetoric, in the large sense
in which that art was conceived by the ancients; or of the
still more extensive art of Education.
3 If there were but one rational being in the universe, that LOGIC
being might be a perfect _______; and the science and art
of logic would be the same for that one person as for the
whole human race.
4 Examples of truths known to us by immediate SENSE
consciousness, are our own bodily _______ and mental
feelings.
5 Whatever we are capable of knowing must belong to the CONCLUDE
one class or to the other; must be in the number of the
primitive data, or of the _______ which can be drawn
from these.
6 Whatever is known to us by consciousness, is known POSSIBLE
beyond _______ of question.
7 What one sees or feels, whether _______ or mentally, one BODY
cannot but be sure that one sees or feels.
8 A truth, or supposed truth, which is really the result of a INTUITION
very rapid inference, may seem to be apprehended
_______.
9 It has long been agreed by _______ of the most opposite THINK
schools, that this mistake is actually made in so familiar an
instance as that of the eyesight.
10 Yet it has long been ascertained, that what is perceived by VARY
the eye, is at most nothing more than a variously coloured
surface; that when we fancy we see distance, all we really
see is certain _______ of apparent size, and degrees of
faintness of colour.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 27

Task 65.

1 There are the uses of syllogism, as a mode of verifying ARGUE

any given _______.
2 Its ulterior uses, as respects the general course of our ILLUSTRATE
intellectual operations, hardly require _______, being in
fact the acknowledged uses of general language.
3 They amount substantially to this, that the _______ may INDUCE
be made once for all: a single careful interrogation of
experience may suffice, and the result may be registered in
the form of a general proposition, which is committed to
memory or to writing.
4 Against this advantage is to be set the countervailing LIABLE
inconvenience, that inferences originally made on
insufficient evidence, become consecrated, and, as it were,
hardened into general maxims; and the mind cleaves to
them from habit, after it has outgrown any _______ to be
misled by similar fallacious appearances if they were now
for the first time presented.
5 An _______ drawback, which, however considerable in EVITABLE
itself, forms evidently but a small set-off against the
immense benefits of general language.
6 The use of the syllogism is in truth no other than the use of REASON
general propositions in _______.
7 We can reason without them; in simple and obvious cases HABIT
we _______ do so; minds of great sagacity can do it in
cases not simple and obvious, provided their experience
supplies them with instances essentially similar to every
combination of circumstances likely to arise.
8 But other minds, and the same minds where they have not PERSON
the same pre-eminent advantages of _______ experience,
are quite helpless without the aid of general propositions,
wherever the case presents the smallest complication.
9 The work of drawing them is then that of applying the CORRECT
formulae; and the rules of syllogism are a system of
securities for the _______ of the application.
10 It is perhaps worth while to notice here a speculation of a PHILOSOPHY
_______ to whom mental science is much indebted, but
who, though a very penetrating, was a very hasty thinker.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 28

Task 66.

I heard them speaking, but my mind was so confused and AVOID

1 my instinctive _______ of this gentleman made his
presence so distressing to me that I thought I understood
nothing, through the rushing in my head and the beating
of my heart.
On the speckled side of his face he has no eyebrow, and UNIFORM
2 on the other side he has a bushy black one, which want of
_______ gives him a very singular and rather sinister
appearance.
"Mr. Jarndyce," he pursued, "being aware of the—I ESTABLISH
3 would say, desolate—position of our young friend, offers
to place her at a first-rate _______ where her education
shall be completed, where her comfort shall be secured."
You are different from other children, Esther, because SIN
4 you were not born, like them, in common _______ and
wrath.
A Chancery judge once had the _______ to inform me, KIND
5 as one of a company of some hundred and fifty men and
women not labouring under any suspicions of lunacy,
that the Court of Chancery, though the shining subject of
much popular prejudice (at which point I thought the
judge's eye had a cast in my direction), was almost
immaculate.
"It's not agreeable, is it?" pursues Mr. Snagsby, coughing PERSUADE
6 his cough of mild _______ behind his hand.
Will your _______ allow me? I appear for him. LORD
7
My Lady Dedlock has returned to her house in town for a LADY
8 few days previous to her departure for Paris, where her
_______ intends to stay some weeks, after which her
movements are uncertain.
Fog up the river, where it flows among green aits and POLLUTE
9 meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls defiled
among the tiers of shipping and the waterside _______ of
a great (and dirty) city.
A sallow _______ has come up, in custody, for the half- PRISON
10 dozenth time to make a personal application "to purge
himself of his contempt," which, being a solitary
surviving executor who has fallen into a state of
conglomeration about accounts of which it is not
pretended that he had ever any knowledge, he is not at all
likely ever to do.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 29

Task 67.

But it appeared to me—I dare say magnifying the CONVENIENT

1 importance of the thing—that it was respectful to explain
to you how the matter stood and candid to consult your
wishes and _______.
Mr. Tulkinghorn is not the man to help him to any POSSIBLE
2 conclusion or to admit anything as to any _______
concerning himself.
Secondly, though Mr. Jarndyce's glance as he withdrew it RELATION
3 rested for but a moment on me, I felt as if in that moment
he confided to me—and knew that he confided to me and
that I received the confidence—his hope that Ada and
Richard might one day enter on a dearer _______ .
Permit me, Mr. Jarndyce, to repeat to yourself, and to ASSURE
4 these ladies, the _______ I have already tendered to Mr.
Skimpole.
On such an afternoon the various _______ in the cause, SOLICIT
5 some two or three of whom have inherited it from their
fathers, who made a fortune by it.
A stagnant, sickening oil with some natural _______ in it REPULSE
6 that makes them both shudder.
That she will faithfully apply herself to the acquisition of ACCOMPLISH
7 those_______ , upon the exercise of which she will be
ultimately dependent.
Relatively even to this world of ours, which has its limits HIGH
8 too (as your _______ shall find when you have made the
tour of it and are come to the brink of the void beyond),
it is a very little speck.
"It is really of no use carrying on a _______ when no DECEIVE
9 object is to be gained by it," said Mr. Kenge smoothly.
I have mentioned that unless my vanity should deceive AFFECT
10 me (as I know it may, for I may be very vain without
suspecting it, though indeed I don't), my comprehension
is quickened when my _______ is.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 30

Task 68.

I began to be really afraid of him now and looked at him ASTONISH

1 with the greatest _______ .
Mr. Snagsby makes a suitable response and goes REAL
2 homeward so confused by the events of the evening that
he is doubtful of his being awake and out —doubtful of
the _______ of the streets through which he goes.
Unless, indeed, it be the sportive Judy, who is found to DERIDE
3 be silent when the startled visitors look round, but whose
chin has received a recent toss, expressive of _______
and contempt.
The _______ is merely in a lawyer's mind. DIFFER
4
The shot of a rifle loses its _______ in the moist air, and SHARP
5 its smoke moves in a tardy little cloud towards the green
rise, coppice-topped, that makes a background for the
falling rain.
The possibility of my being brought into contact with my ASSIST
6 mother, of my being taken to her house, even of Mr.
Skimpole's, however distantly associated with me,
receiving kindnesses and obligations from her husband,
was so painful that I felt I could no longer guide myself
without his _______.
On such an afternoon, if ever, the Lord High Chancellor CONTEMPLATE
7 ought to be sitting here—as here he is—with a foggy
glory round his head, softly fenced in with crimson cloth
and curtains, addressed by a large advocate with great
whiskers, a little voice, and an interminable brief, and
outwardly directing his _______ to the lantern in the
roof, where he can see nothing but fog.
All of them were older than I, to be sure (I was the SEPARATE
8 youngest there by a good deal), but there seemed to be
some other _______ between us besides that, and besides
their being far more clever than I was and knowing much
more than I did.
Nevertheless, Mrs. Rouncewell's son has, in the course of APPRENTICE
9 nature and art, grown up, and established himself, and
married, and called unto him Mrs. Rouncewell's
grandson, who, being out of his _______ , stands leaning
against the chimney-piece this very day in Mrs.
Rouncewell's room at Chesney Wold.
However, when we began to jolt upon a stone _______, PAVE
10 and particularly when every other conveyance seemed to
be running into us, and we seemed to be running into
every other conveyance, I began to believe that we really
were approaching the end of our journey.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 31

Task 69.

And there is the greater _______ of our bringing the PROBABLE

1 matter to a speedy close; in fact, it's on the paper now.
That his generosity rose above my disfigurement and my INHERIT
2 _______ of shame.

"My dear Jarndyce," returned Mr. Skimpole, "you'll SIMPLE

3 pardon the _______ of the question, coming as it does
from a creature who is perfectly simple in worldly
matters, but why ISN'T he a prisoner then?"
"I shall make the order. Mr. Jarndyce of Bleak House has ARRANGE
4 chosen, so far as I may judge," and this was when he
looked at me, "a very good companion for the young
lady, and the _______ altogether seems the best of which
the circumstances admit."
While I was very ill, the way in which these _______ of DIVIDE
5 time became confused with one another distressed my
mind exceedingly.
In trickery, evasion, _______ , spoliation, botheration, PROCRASTINATE
6 under false pretences of all sorts, there are influences that
can never come to good.
You must not be surprised to see him take me under his FRIEND
7 protection, for he has never forgotten that I was a low
boy at school and when our _______ began.
He is in the _______ of the very bricks and mortar. CONFIDE
8
Forget your mother and leave all other people to forget KIND
9 her who will do her unhappy child that greatest _______.
The pictures of the Dedlocks past and gone have seemed LOW
10 to vanish into the damp walls in mere _______ of spirits,
as the housekeeper has passed along the old rooms
shutting up the shutters.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 32

Task 70.

Perhaps the name brought them to my _______. REMEMBER

1
Mrs. Bagnet, by a _______ never known to fail, replying COINCIDE
2 fowls, Mr. Bagnet instantly produces his bundle from a
place of concealment amidst general amazement and
rejoicing.
"My dear child," said Mr. Turveydrop, "let me, even PUNCTUAL
3 under the present exceptional circumstances, recommend
strict _______ .”
There was a lowering energy in her face as she stood POSSIBLE
4 looking at me while I explained the _______ of my
engaging her (without thinking it necessary to say how
very little I desired to do so), which seemed to bring
visibly before me some woman from the streets of Paris
in the reign of terror.
In short, in articles too numerous to mention, ever since PARTNER
5 he was out of his time and went into _______ with
Peffer.
She has devoted herself to an extensive variety of public SETTLE
6 subjects at various times and is at present (until
something else attracts her) devoted to the subject of
Africa, with a view to the general cultivation of the
coffee berry—AND the natives—and the happy
_______, on the banks of the African rivers, of our
superabundant home population.
I was much impressed by her _______ to Richard and by ALLUDE
7 the sad meaning, so sadly illustrated in her poor pinched
form, that made its way through all her incoherence.
He would on the whole admit nature to be a good idea (a EXECUTE
8 little low, perhaps, when not enclosed with a park-fence),
but an idea dependent for its _______ on your great
county families.
He is a gentleman of strict conscience, disdainful of all LITTLE
9 _______ and meanness and ready on the shortest notice
to die any death you may please to mention rather than
give occasion for the least impeachment of his integrity.
Then, giving the Home Department and the _______ of LEAD
10 the House of Commons to Joodle, the Exchequer to
Koodle, the Colonies to Loodle, and the Foreign Office
to Moodle, what are you to do with Noodle?
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 33

Task 71.

"Well," observed my guardian, half pleasantly, half DEPEND

1 seriously, "that's a great occasion and will give my fair
cousin some necessary business to transact in assertion of
her _______, and will make London a more convenient
place for all of us.
We expressed our _______ and sat down behind the ACKNOWLEDGE
2 door, where there was a lame invalid of a sofa.

We have only, in the second place, to observe those little GUARDIAN

3 formalities which are rendered necessary by our time of
life and our being under the _______ of the court.
And it is the fearful _______ of this condition that, at any PECULIAR
4 hour of his daily life, at any opening of the shop-door, at
any pull of the bell, at any entrance of a messenger, or
any delivery of a letter, the secret may take air and fire,
explode, and blow up—Mr. Bucket only knows whom.
He is ceremonious, stately, most polite on every occasion ESTIMATE
5 to my Lady, and holds her personal attractions in the
highest _______.
At last I came to the _______ that I might keep them if I CONCLUDE
6 treasured them only as a remembrance of what was
irrevocably past and gone, never to be looked back on
any more, in any other light.
It was one of Charley's peculiarities that whenever she DISTANT
7 was charged with a message she always began to deliver
it as soon as she beheld, at any _______, the person for
whom it was intended.
Yet every dim little star revolving about her, from her WEAK
8 maid to the manager of the Italian Opera, knows her
_______, prejudices, follies, haughtinesses, and caprices
and lives upon as accurate a calculation and as nice a
measure of her moral nature as her dressmaker takes of
her physical proportions.
Mr. Woodcourt dined with us to celebrate my darling's ABSENT
9 birthday, and we were as pleasant as we could be with
the great blank among us that Richard's
_______naturally made on such an occasion.
"Hi!" exclaimed the old man in a tone of thoughtful AMAZE
10 _______ and with a wider stare than before.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 34

Task 72.

This seemed to have been her principal _______, INDUCE

1 originally, for taking up her residence there.
"Speak to Esther, my dearest," said Richard, breaking the SILENT
2 _______ presently.

"It would be useless to ask," says my Lady with the DREARY

3 _______ of the place in Lincolnshire still upon her,
"whether anything has been done."
Many and many a time, in the day and in the night, with FORGIVE
4 my head upon the pillow by her that my whispers might
be plainer to her, I kissed her, thanked her, prayed for
her, asked her for her blessing and _______ , entreated
her to give me the least sign that she knew or heard me.
There is an air of _______ about him which is always PRESCRIBE
5 agreeable to Sir Leicester; he receives it as a kind of
tribute.
I saw my companion, by the light of his lantern, in SAIL
6 conference with several men who looked like a mixture
of police and _______.
I expect a _______ shortly and shall then place my JUDGE
7 establishment on a superior footing.
Mr. Chadband states the question as if he were INGENIOUS
8 propounding an entirely new riddle of much _______
and merit to Mr. Snagsby and entreating him not to give
it up.
The long flat beach, with its little irregular houses, APPEAR
9 wooden and brick, and its litter of capstans, and great
boats, and sheds, and bare upright poles with tackle and
blocks, and loose gravelly waste places overgrown with
grass and weeds, wore as dull an _______ as any place I
ever saw.
I suppose he came to the _______ that it was not to be DECIDE
10 borne, for he steadily refused to move until I gave the
reins to Charley and got out and walked, when he
followed me with a sturdy sort of good humour, putting
his head under my arm and rubbing his ear against my
sleeve.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 35

Task 73.

For anything I can tell, I may have come into the world HAPPY
1 expressly for the purpose of increasing your stock of
_______.
"Yes, sir, that is so," says Mr. George with military BRIEF
2 _______.

It shall pollute, this very night, the choice stream (in ALLY
3 which chemists on analysis would find the genuine
nobility) of a Norman house, and his Grace shall not be
able to say nay to the infamous _______.
"Faint," my Lady murmurs with white lips, "only that; FAINT
4 but it is like the _______ of death.”
I never saw such faltering, such confusion, such APPREHEND
5 amazement and _______.
"Ha, ha! Very good indeed!" said Mr. Jarndyce with ENJOY
6 great _______.
It is certain that he only regarded him as one of a body of CONSPIRE
7 some odd thousand _______, swarthy and grim, who
were in the habit of turning out by torchlight two or three
nights in the week for unlawful purposes.
Sir Leicester has no _______ to an interminable OBJECT
8 Chancery suit.
Mrs. Jellyby, whose face reflected none of the _______ EASY
9 which we could not help showing in our own faces as the
dear child's head recorded its passage with a bump on
every stair—Richard afterwards said he counted seven,
besides one for the landing—received us with perfect
equanimity.
Richard, with a face of great _______, looked at a person EMBARRASS
10 on the sofa, in a white great-coat, with smooth hair upon
his head and not much of it, which he was wiping
smoother and making less of with a pocket-handkerchief.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 36

Task 74.

Mr. George looks distrustfully from the painted ceiling to PERPLEX

1 the ground, from the ground to Mr. Smallweed, from Mr.
Smallweed to Mr. Tulkinghorn, and from Mr.
Tulkinghorn to the painted ceiling again, often in his
_______ changing the leg on which he rests.
There is not an atom of Tom's slime, not a cubic inch of IGNORE
2 any pestilential gas in which he lives, not one obscenity
or degradation about him, not an _______, not a
wickedness, not a brutality of his committing, but shall
work its retribution through every order of society up to
the proudest of the proud and to the highest of the high.
"What do you mean?" growled Coavinses with an RESENT
3 appearance of strong _______.
That he had charged his messenger to represent his INNOCENT
4 perfect _______ with every solemn assurance he could
send us.
She was so very good herself, I thought, that the _______ BAD
5 of other people made her frown all her life.
An exhausted composure, a worn-out placidity, an SATISFY
6 equanimity of fatigue not to be ruffled by interest or
_______, are the trophies of her victory.
"Really, Sir Leicester," returns the lawyer, "I state the PERMIT
7 fact. Why, I could tell you a story—with Lady Dedlock's
_______."
Sir Leicester in a great chair looks at the file and appears REPEAT
8 to have a stately liking for the legal _______ and
prolixities as ranging among the national bulwarks.
He receives these _______ with gravity and buries them SALUTE
9 along with the rest of his knowledge.
It was impossible to shut the door of either room, for my SMOOTH
10 lock, with no knob to it, looked as if it wanted to be
wound up; and though the handle of Ada's went round
and round with the greatest _______, it was attended
with no effect whatever on the door.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 37

Task 75.

I verily believe that the _______ in the newspapers when ANNOUNCE

1 his mother was confined was “On Tuesday last, at her
residence in Botheration Buildings, Mrs. Skimpole of a
son in difficulties.”
My disposition is very affectionate, and perhaps I might QUICK
2 still feel such a wound if such a wound could be received
more than once with the _______ of that birthday.
I put up my trembling little hand to clasp hers or to beg EARNEST
3 her pardon with what _______ I might, but withdrew it
as she looked at me, and laid it on my fluttering heart.
His tone is no less sorrowfully echoed by his new ACQUAINT
4 _______.
As self-willed and as determined a man, in the wrong PATIENT
5 way, as ever put a human creature under heaven out of
_______!
Ada and I agreed, as we talked together for a little while DISAPPOINT
6 upstairs, that this caprice about the wind was a fiction
and that he used the pretence to account for any _______
he could not conceal, rather than he would blame the real
cause of it or disparage or depreciate any one.
He has been for some time particularly desirous to serve RESPONSIBLE
7 his country in a post of good emoluments,
unaccompanied by any trouble or _______.
Mr. Tulkinghorn stops short, surprised by my Lady's ANIMATE
8 _______ and her unusual tone.
But it appeared to me—I dare say magnifying the IMPORTANT
9 _______ of the thing—that it was respectful to explain to
you how the matter stood and candid to consult your
wishes and convenience.
If at the expiration of that time, when she has so far EQUAL
10 profited by her advantages as that you may be upon a fair
_______ , you are both in the same mind, I will do my
part to make you happy.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 38

Task 76.

Russia

Russia, also _______ known as the Russian Federation, official

1 is a country in northern Eurasia.

Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and produce

2 energy resources and is the largest _______ of oil and
natural gas globally.

The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, recognize
3 who emerged as a _______ group in Europe between the
3rd and 8th centuries AD.

Founded and ruled by a Varangian _______ elite and war

4 their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the
9th century.

In 988 it adopted Orthodox _______ from the Byzantine Christian

5 Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic
cultures that defined Russian culture for the next
millennium.

The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the depend

6 surrounding Russian principalities, achieved _______
from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the
cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus.

By the _______ century, the nation had greatly eighteen

7 expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration
to become the Russian Empire, which was the third
largest empire in history, stretching from Poland in
Europe to Alaska in North America.

Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet decide

8 Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and
leading constituent of the Soviet Union, which played a
_______ role in the Allied victory in World War II.

The Soviet era saw some of the most significant achieve

9 technological _______ of the 20th century, including the
world's first human spaceflight.

The Russian Federation became the successor state of dissolve

10 the Russian SFSR following the _______ of the Soviet
Union in 1991, and is recognized as the continuing legal
personality of the All-Union state.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 39

Task 77.

Kievan Rus

The _______ of the first East Slavic states in the 9th century establish
1 coincided with the arrival of Varangians, the traders,
warriors and settlers from the Baltic Sea region.

According to the Primary Chronicle, a Varangian from Rus rule

2 people, named Rurik, was elected a _______ of Novgorod in
862.

In 882 his successor Oleg ventured south and conquered previous

3 Kiev, which had been _______ paying tribute to the
Khazars, founding Kievan Rus'.

Oleg, Rurik's son Igor and Igor's son Sviatoslav _______ subsequent
4 subdued all local East Slavic tribes to Kievan rule, destroyed
the Khazar khaganate and launched several military
expeditions to Byzantium and Persia.

In the 10th to 11th centuries Kievan Rus became one of the prosper
5 largest and most _______ states in Europe.

The reigns of Vladimir the Great (980–1015) and his son create
6 Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054) constitute the Golden Age
of Kiev, which saw the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity
from Byzantium and the _______ of the first East Slavic
written legal code, the Russkaya Pravda.

In the 11th and 12th centuries constant incursions by migrate

7 nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the
Pechenegs, caused a massive _______ of Slavic populations
to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north,
particularly to the area known as Zalesye.

The age of feudalism and decentralization was marked by collective

8 constant in-fighting between members of the Rurik Dynasty
that ruled Kievan Rus _______.

Ultimately Kievan Rus disintegrated, with the final blow invade

9 being the Mongol _______ of 1237–40, that resulted in the
destruction of Kiev and the death of about half the
population of Rus.

Galicia-Volhynia was _______ assimilated by the Polish- eventual

10 Lithuanian Commonwealth, while the Mongol-dominated
Vladimir-Suzdal and Novgorod Republic, two regions on the
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 40

periphery of Kiev, established the basis for the modern

Russian nation.

Task 78.

Tsardom of Russia

In _______ of the Third Rome ideas, the Grand Duke develop

1 Ivan IV (the "Terrible") was officially crowned the first
Tsar ("Caesar") of Russia in 1547.

The Tsar promulgated a new code of laws ( Sudebnik of represent

2 1550), established the first Russian feudal _______ body
(Zemsky Sobor) and introduced local self-management
into the rural regions.

During his long reign, Ivan the Terrible _______ doubled near
3 the already large Russian territory by annexing the three
Tatar khanates (parts of disintegrated Golden Horde):
Kazan and Astrakhan along the Volga River, and
Siberian Khanate in South Western Siberia.

However, the Tsardom was weakened by the long and success

4 _______ Livonian War against the coalition of Poland,
Lithuania, and Sweden for access to the Baltic coast and
sea trade.

At the same time the Tatars of the Crimean Khanate, the succeed
5 only remaining _______ to the Golden Horde, continued
to raid Southern Russia.

In effort to restore the Volga khanates, Crimeans and centre

6 their Ottoman allies invaded _______ Russia and were
even able to burn down parts of Moscow in 1571.

But next year the large invading army was thoroughly expand
7 defeated by Russians in the Battle of Molodi, forever
eliminating the threat of the Ottoman-Crimean _______
into Russia.

The death of Ivan's sons marked the end of the ancient combine
8 Rurik Dynasty in 1598, and in _______ with the famine
of 1601–03 led to the civil war, the rule of pretenders and
foreign intervention during the Time of Troubles in the
early 17th century.

In 1612 the Poles were forced to retreat by the Russian nation

 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 41

9 volunteer corps, led by two _______ heroes, merchant

Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky.

The Romanov Dynasty acceded the throne in 1613 by the decide

10 _______ of Zemsky Sobor, and the country started its
gradual recovery from the crisis.

Task 79.

Imperial Russia

Peter the Great's reforms brought _______ Western consider

1 European cultural influences to Russia.

The reign of Peter I's daughter Elizabeth in 1741–62 saw participate

2 Russia's _______ in the Seven Years' War (1756–63).

Catherine II (the Great), who ruled in 1762–96, presided enlighten

3 over the Age of Russian _______.

She extended Russian _______ control over the Polish- politic

4 Lithuanian Commonwealth and incorporated most of its
territories into Russia during the Partitions of Poland,
pushing the Russian frontier westward into Central
Europe.

In the south, after _______ Russo-Turkish Wars against success

5 the Ottoman Empire, Catherine advanced Russia's
boundary to the Black Sea, defeating the Crimean
Khanate.

At the same time Russians colonized Alaska and even settle

6 founded _______ in California, like Fort Ross.

In 1803–06, the first Russian circumnavigation was note

7 made, later followed by other _______ Russian sea
exploration voyages.

The French invasion of Russia at the height of disaster

8 Napoleon's power in 1812 failed miserably as the
obstinate resistance in combination with the bitterly cold
Russian Winter led to a _______ defeat of invaders.

Alexander I headed Russia's _______ at the Congress of delegate

9 Vienna that defined the map of post-Napoleonic Europe.

Nicholas's successor Alexander II (1855–81) enacted emancipate

10 significant changes in the country, including the _______
reform of 1861.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 42

Task 80.

Soviet Union

Following the October Revolution, a civil war broke out move

1 between the anti-communist White _______ and the new
Soviet regime with its Red Army.

The Allied powers launched an unsuccessful military execute

2 intervention in support of anti-Communist forces, while
both the Bolsheviks and White army carried out
campaigns of deportations and _______ against each
other.

By the end of the civil war, the Russian economy and heavy
3 infrastructure were _______ damaged.

Out of the 15 total republics that would make up the populate

4 USSR, the Russian SFSR was the largest in terms of size,
and making up over half of the total USSR _______,
dominated the union for its entire 69-year history.

Under Stalin's _______, the government launched a lead

5 planned economy, industrialisation of the largely rural
country, and collectivization of its agriculture.

During this period of rapid _______ and social changes, economy

6 millions of people were sent to penal labor camps,
including many political convicts who opposed Stalin's
rule, and millions were deported and exiled to remote
areas of the Soviet Union.

However, though with a heavy price, the Soviet Union industry

7 was transformed from a largely agrarian economy to a
major _______ powerhouse in a short span of time.

The Appeasement policy of Great Britain and France annex

8 towards Adolf Hitler's _______ of Austria and
Czechoslovakia enlarged the might of Nazi Germany and
put a threat of war to the Soviet Union.

While Hitler conquered Poland, France and other occupy

9 countries acting on single front at the start of World War
II, the USSR was able to build up its military and claim
some of the former territories of the Russian Empire as a
result of the Soviet invasion of Poland, Winter War and
_______ of the Baltic states.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 43

On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany broke the non- power

10 aggression treaty and invaded the Soviet Union with the
largest and most _______ invasion force in human
history, opening the largest theatre of World War II.

Task 81.

The Soviet disintegration

The 1941–45 period of World War II is known in Russia patriot

1 as the Great _______ War.

In this conflict, which included many of the most lethal operate

2 battle _______ in human history, Soviet military and
civilian deaths were 10.6 million and 15.9 million
respectively, accounting for about a third of all World
War II casualties.

The full _______ loss to the Soviet peoples was even demography
3 greater.

The Soviet economy and infrastructure suffered _______ mass

4 devastation but the Soviet Union emerged as an
acknowledged superpower.

The Red Army occupied Eastern Europe after the war, depend
5 including East Germany; _______ socialist governments
were installed in the Eastern Bloc satellite states.

Becoming the world's second nuclear weapons power, ally

6 the USSR established the Warsaw Pact _______ and
entered into a struggle for global dominance, known as
the Cold War, with the United States and NATO.

From 1985 onwards, the last Soviet leader Mikhail govern

7 Gorbachev, introduced the policies of glasnost
(openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt
to end the period of economic stagnation in the country
and democratise the _______.

Prior to 1991, the Soviet economy was the second largest explode
8 in the world, but during its last years it was afflicted by
shortages of goods in grocery stores, huge budget
deficits, and _______ growth in money supply leading to
inflation.

Boris Yeltsin was elected the President of Russia in June elect

1991, in the first direct presidential _______ in Russian
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 44

9 history.

Russia took up the _______ for settling the USSR's responsible

10 external debts, even though its population made up just
half of the population of the USSR at the time of its
dissolution.

Task 82.

Geography of Russia

The enormous size of Russia and the _______ of many remote

1 areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid
continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the
country except for the tundra and the extreme southeast.

Most of Northern European Russia and Siberia has a extreme

2 subarctic climate, with _______ severe winters in the
inner regions of Northeast Siberia, and more moderate
elsewhere.

The _______ part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, coast

3 most notably in Sochi, possesses a humid subtropical
climate with mild and wet winters.

In recent years, Russia has _______ been described in frequent

4 the media as an energy superpower.

Russia is the world's leading natural gas _______ and export

5 second largest natural gas producer.

Russia is the 3rd largest electricity producer in the world renew

6 and the 5th largest _______ energy producer, the latter
due to the well-developed hydroelectricity production in
the country.

The Asian part of Russia also features a number of major giant

7 hydropower stations, however the _______ hydroelectric
potential of Siberia and the Russian Far East largely
remains unexploited.

102,000 km (63,380 mi) of inland waterways in Russia nature

8 mostly go by _______ rivers or lakes.

Russia's capital, Moscow, is sometimes called "the port connect

9 of the five seas", due to its waterway _______ to the
Baltic, White, Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.

The world's only fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers exploit

 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 45

10 advances the economic _______ of the Arctic continental

shelf of Russia and the development of sea trade through
the Northern Sea Route between Europe and East Asia.

Task 83.

Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal is the most _______ freshwater lake in the volume

1 world, containing roughly 20% of the world's unfrozen
surface fresh water, and at 1,642 m (5,387 ft), the
deepest.

Similar to Lake Tanganyika, Lake Baikal was formed as type

2 an ancient rift valley, having the _______ long crescent
shape with a surface area of 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi).

It is also home to Buryat tribes who reside on the eastern region

3 side of Lake Baikal, rearing goats, camels, cattle and
sheep, where the _______ average temperatures vary
from a minimum of −19 °C (−2 °F) in winter to
maximum of 14 °C (57 °F) in summer.

The first Russian _______ to reach Lake Baikal was explore

4 Kurbat Ivanov in 1643.

The lake is divided into three basins: North, Central, and respective
5 South, with depths of about 900 m (3,000 ft), 1,600 m
(5,200 ft), and 1,400 m (4,600 ft), _______.

Baikal's age is estimated at 25–30 million years, making geology

6 it one of the most ancient lakes in _______ history.

The lake is _______ surrounded by mountains. complete

7

The Baikal Mountains on the north shore and the taiga nation
8 are technically protected as a _______ park.

The watershed of Lake Baikal has _______ flora species number

9 represented.

The Baikal Research Centre is an independent research environment

10 organization carrying out _______ educational and
research projects at Lake Baikal.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 46

Task 84.

The Volga is the longest river in Europe; it is also wide

1 Europe's largest river in terms of discharge and
watershed; it flows through central Russia, and is
_______ viewed as the national river of Russia.

The river has a _______ meaning in Russian culture and symbol

2 is often referred to as Volga-Matushka (Mother Volga) in
Russian literature and folklore.

The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river heavy
3 system, which flows through an area of about 1.35
million square kilometers in the most _______ populated
part of Russia.

The Volga drains most of Western Russia, its many large irrigate
4 reservoirs provide _______ and hydroelectric power.

The Volga, widened for navigation purposes with important

5 construction of huge dams during the years of Joseph
Stalin's industrialization, is of great _______ to inland
shipping and transport in Russia.

_______ with the Don River and the Black Sea are connect
6 possible through the Volga–Don Canal.

High levels of chemical _______ have adversely affected pollute

7 the river and its habitats.

A _______ petroleum industry centers on the Volga substance

8 valley.

The downstream of the Volga, widely believed to have civilize

9 been a cradle of the Proto-Indo-European _______, was
settled by Huns and other Turkic peoples in the first
millennium AD, replacing Scythians.

The first recorded people along the upper Volga were the colonize
10 Mari; in the 8th and 9th centuries Slavic _______ began
from Kievan Rus.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 47

Task 85.

The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the ultimate

1 Caucasus and is _______ connected to the Atlantic
Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean Seas and
various straits.

The Black Sea forms in an east-west trending elliptical depress

2 _______ which lies between Bulgaria, Georgia,
Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine.

This influx of dense water from Mediterranean is saline

3 balanced by an outflow of fresher Black Sea surface-
water into the Marmara Sea, maintaining the
stratification and _______ levels.

The Black Sea supports an _______ and dynamic marine act

4 ecosystem, dominated by species suited to the brackish,
nutrient-rich, conditions.

Since the 1960s, rapid _______ expansion along the industry

5 Black Sea coast line and the construction of a major dam
has significantly increased annual variability in the
pollution ratio in the basin.

Pollution _______ and regulation efforts have led to a reduce

6 partial recovery of the Black Sea ecosystem during the
1990s.

Recently, scientists have noted signs of ecological member

7 recovery, in part due to the construction of new sewage
treatment plants in Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria in connection with _______ in the European
Union.

Short-term climatic variation in the Black Sea region is climate

8 significantly influenced by the operation of the North
Atlantic Oscillation, the _______ mechanisms resulting
from the interaction between the north Atlantic and mid-
latitude air masses.

Ancient trade routes in the region are currently being differ

9 extensively studied by scientists, as the Black Sea was
sailed by _______ peoples.

This concentration of historical powers, combined with preserve

the preservative qualities of the deep anoxic waters of the
Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 48

10 Black Sea, has attracted increased interest from marine

archaeologists who have begun to discover a large
number of ancient ships and organic remains in a high
state of _______.
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 49

ANSWERS
Task 1.

Answers

1 overactive
2 actresses
3 interaction

Task 2.

Answers

1 readjust
2 adjustment
3 adjustable

Task 3.

Answers

1 alteration
2 alterative
3 inalterable / unalterable

Task 4.

Answers

1 apparition
2 disappearance
3 apparent

Task 5.

Answers

1 artificial
2 arty
3 artistry
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 50

Task 6.

Answers

1 broaden
2 barley
3 broadly

Task 7.

Answers

1 causation
2 causal
3 causative

Task 8.

Answers

1 chosen
2 choice
3 choosy

Task 9.

Answers

1 classless
2 outclass
3 classification

Task 10.

Answers

1 conceptualise / conceptualize
2 conceptual
3 inconceivable
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 51

Task 11.

Answers

1 conservation
2 conservationist
3 conservative

Task 12.

Answers

1 decriminalize / decriminalise
2 criminal
3 criminality

Task 13.

Answers

1 deepen
2 breadth
3 deeply

Task 14.

Answers

1 independence
2 dependent / dependant
3 dependency

Task 15.

Answers

1 doubter
2 doubtful
3 doubtless
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 52

Task 16.

Answers

1 edition
2 editorship
3 editorial

Task 17.

Answers

1 unauthorized
2 authority
3 authoritative

Task 18.

Answers

1 avoidance
2 avoidable
3 unavoidably

Task 19.

Answers

1 arguable
2 argumentation
3 argumentative

Task 20.

Answers

1 employee
2 unemployment
3 employable
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 53

Task 21.

Answers

1 exemplify
2 exemplification
3 exemplary

Task 22.

Answers

1 unexplained
2 explanatory
3 inexplicable

Task 23.

Answers

1 discoloration
2 colorless / colourless
3 colorfully / colourfully

Task 24.
Answers

1 miscalculate
2 calculator
3 incalculable

Task 25.

Answers

1 collectibles
2 collective
3 collectivism
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 54

Task 26.

Answers

1 claimant
2 disclaimer
3 declamation

Task 27.

Answers

1 newcomer
2 comeuppance
3 income

Task 28.

Answers

1 comparison
2 incomparably
3 comparative

Task 29.

Answers

1 childhood
2 childishness
3 childlike

Task 30.

Answers

1 enfold
2 foldaway
3 folder
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 55

Task 31.

Answers

1 goodwill
2 goodness
3 goods

Task 32.

Answers

1 composition
2 composure
3 decomposition

Task 33.

Answers

1 economist
2 economics
3 uneconomical

Task 34.

Answers

1 handful
2 handmade
3 handout

Task 35.

Answers

1 coexistence
2 non-existent
3 existentialism
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 56

Task 36.

Answers

1 fruitarian
2 fruitless
3 fruitful

Task 37.

Answers

1 height
2 highness
3 highlight

Task 38.

Answers

1 idealise / idealize
2 idealism
3 idealistic
Task 39.

Answers

1 implicate
2 implication
3 implicitly

Task 40.

Answers

1 formality
2 informal
3 formalize
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 57

Task 41.

Answers

1 surmount
2 mountaineer
3 mountainous

Task 42.

Answers

1 parentage
2 parenthood
3 parental

Task 43.

Answers

1 gainsay
2 saying
3 unsaid

Task 44.

Answers

1 software
2 soften
3 softener

Task 45.

Answers

1 outspoken
2 speech
3 unspeakable
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 58

Task 46.

Answers

1 freedom
2 freeway
3 freefall

Task 47.

Answers

1 terrific
2 terrorism
3 terrible

Task 48.

Answers

1 abuse
2 reusable
3 useless

Task 49.

Answers

1 greenery
2 greenness
3 greenish

Task 50.

Answers

1 homesick
2 homespun
3 homely
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 59

Task 51.

Answers

1 construction
2 segmental
3 thickness
4 completion
5 strength
6 apparently
7 conversion
8 theoretically
9 objectionable
10 architecture
11 difficulty
12 contractor
13 removal
14 hardness
15 perfectly

Task 52.

Answers

1 considerations
2 authority
3 responsibility
4 fraudulently
5 correctness
6 owner
7 reputation
8 independent
9 builder
10 specifications
11 reasonably
12 likely
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 60

13 excellent
14 desired
15 generally

Task 53.

Answers

1 contemplation
2 keenness
3 appearance
4 reference
5 survival
6 attractive
7 unimportance
8 occasional
9 curiosity
10 freedom
11 habitual
12 speculation
13 theological
14 treatment
15 incoherent

Task 54.

Answers

1 wholly
2 pleasures
3 attributable
4 arrangement
5 presence
6 indispensable
7 heighten
8 fundamental
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 61

9 thoroughness
10 prosaic
11 perceptions
12 acuteness
13 beautiful
14 diffusion
15 continual

Task 55.

Answers

1 Accustomed
2 Roman
3 collisions
4 feudal
5 centralization
6 countless
7 pride
8 fateful
9 independent
10 stormy
11 establishment
12 comparison
13 militarism
14 literati
15 unorthodox

Task 56.

Answers

1 means
2 cruelty
3 affection
4 natural
5 scholars
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 62

6 appreciation
7 rightful
8 rebellion
9 foolishly
10 punishment
11 government
12 imprisonment
13 execution
14 beheading
15 decapitation

Task 57.

Answers

1 geological
2 disturbances
3 displacements
4 cleavage
5 solvent
6 width
7 townships
8 erosion
9 unable
10 drainage
11 surface
12 itself
13 discharge
14 numerous
15 depth
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 63

Task 58.

Answers

1 desirable
2 accessible
3 entrance
4 protection
5 intelligence
6 explorer
7 suitable
8 resemblance
9 Consequently
10 surroundings
11 locality
12 comparatively
13 requirements
14 indication
15 satisfactory

Task 59.

Answers

1 effectually
2 voluntarily
3 submission
4 kingdom
5 politeness
6 imitation
7 consideration
8 powerful
9 conquest
10 gladly
11 entirely
12 administration
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 64

13 triumphant
14 observation
15 subjection

Task 60.

Answers

1 arrival
2 disgraceful
3 attendants
4 pilgrimage
5 lamentation
6 mercilessly
7 resistance
8 conqueror
9 fearful
10 shameful
11 maidens
12 admiringly
13 ceremoniously
14 affectionately
15 defender

Task 61.

Answers

1 accessible
2 intrusion
3 assistance
4 investigation
5 explosive
6 plainly
7 expectant
8 hurriedly
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 65

9 substitution
10 obscurity

Task 62.

Answers

1 recognition
2 ignorance
3 greatness
4 direction
5 obedience
6 exception
7 simplicity
8 modesty
9 preserver
10 accumulation

Task 63.

Answers

1 diversity
2 writers
3 knowledge
4 imperfect
5 definition
6 aggregation
7 description
8 progressive
9 statement
10 reader

Task 64.
Answers

1 additional
2 guidance
3 logician
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 66

4 sensations
5 conclusions
6 possibility
7 bodily
8 intuitively
9 thinkers
10 variations

Task 65.

Answers

1 argument
2 illustration
3 inductions
4 liability
5 inevitable
6 reasoning
7 habitually
8 personal
9 correctness
10 philosopher

Task 66.

ANSWERS
1 avoidance

2 uniformity

3 establishment

4 sinfulness

5 kindness

6 persuasion

7 lordship

8 ladyship
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 67

9 pollutions

10 prisoner

Task 67.

ANSWERS
1 convenience

2 possibility

3 relationship

4 assurance

5 solicitors

6 repulsion

7 accomplishments

8 Highness

9 deception

10 affection

Task 68.

ANSWERS
1 astonishment

2 reality

3 derision

4 difference

5 sharpness

6 assistance

7 contemplation

8 separation

9 apprenticeship
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 68

10 pavement

Task 69.

ANSWERS
1 probability

2 inheritance

3 simplicity

4 arrangement

5 divisions

6 procrastination

7 friendship

8 confidence

9 kindness

10 lowness

Task 70.

ANSWERS
1 remembrance

2 coincidence

3 punctuality

4 impossibility

5 partnership

6 settlement

7 allusion

8 execution

9 littleness
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 69

10 leadership

Task 71.

ANSWERS
1 independence

2 acknowledgments

3 guardianship

4 peculiarity

5 estimation

6 conclusion

7 distance

8 weaknesses

9 absence

10 amazement

Task 72.

ANSWERS
1 inducement

2 silence

3 dreariness

4 forgiveness

5 prescription

6 sailors

7 judgment

8 ingenuity

9 appearance
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 70

10 decision

Task 73.

ANSWERS
1 happiness

2 brevity

3 alliance

4 faintness

5 apprehension

6 enjoyment

7 conspirators

8 objection

9 uneasiness

10 embarrassment

Task 74.

ANSWERS
1 perplexity

2 ignorance

3 resentment

4 innocence

5 badness

6 satisfaction

7 permission

8 repetitions

9 salutations

10 smoothness
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 71

Task 75.

ANSWERS
1 announcement

2 quickness

3 earnestness

4 acquaintance

5 patience

6 disappointment

7 responsibility

8 animation

9 importance

10 equality

Task 76.

ANSWERS

1 officially

2 producer

3 recognizable

4 warrior

5 Christianity

6 independence

7 eighteenth

8 decisive

9 achievements

10 dissolution
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 72

Task 77.

ANSWERS
1 establishment

2 ruler

3 previously

4 subsequently

5 prosperous

6 creation

7 migration

8 collectively

9 invasion

10 eventually

Task 78.

ANSWERS
1 development

2 representative

3 nearly

4 unsuccessful

5 successor

6 central

7 expansion

8 combination

9 national

10 decision
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 73

Task 79.

ANSWERS
1 considerable

2 participation

3 Enlightenment

4 political

5 successful

6 settlements

7 notable

8 disastrous

9 delegation

10 emancipation

Task 80.

ANSWERS
1 movement

2 executions

3 heavily

4 population

5 leadership

6 economical

7 industrial

8 annexation

9 occupation

10 powerful
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 74

Task 81.

ANSWERS
1 Patriotic

2 operations

3 demographic

4 massive

5 dependent

6 alliance

7 government

8 explosive

9 election

10 responsibility

Task 82.

ANSWERS
1 remoteness

2 extremely

3 coastal

4 frequently

5 exporter

6 renewable

7 gigantic

8 natural

9 connections

10 exploitation
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 75

Task 83.

ANSWERS
1 voluminous

2 typical

3 regional

4 explorer

5 respectively

6 geological

7 completely

8 national

9 numerous

10 environmental

Task 84.

ANSWERS
1 widely

2 symbolic

3 heavily

4 irrigation

5 importance

6 Connections

7 pollution

8 substantial

9 civilization

10 colonization
 Гулов Артем Петрович Word Formation for Olympiads 76

Task 85.

ANSWERS
1 ultimately

2 depression

3 salinity

4 active

5 industrial

6 reduction

7 membership

8 climatic

9 different

10 preservation