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05.applications of Definite Integrals - T

The document discusses using definite integrals to calculate the area between curves. It provides formulas for finding the area between a curve and the x-axis or y-axis. It also provides a formula for finding the area between two curves. Several examples are worked out applying these formulas to calculate the areas between given curves. The exercises at the end ask the reader to sketch regions bounded by curves and calculate their areas.

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53 views

05.applications of Definite Integrals - T

The document discusses using definite integrals to calculate the area between curves. It provides formulas for finding the area between a curve and the x-axis or y-axis. It also provides a formula for finding the area between two curves. Several examples are worked out applying these formulas to calculate the areas between given curves. The exercises at the end ask the reader to sketch regions bounded by curves and calculate their areas.

Uploaded by

Everything What U Want
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter-2

Applications of Definite Integrals


2.1 Area of Regions Between Two Graphs
Definite integrals could be used to determine the area of the region between the graph of a
function and the x-axis or the y-axis.

Recall that:

If 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 or 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 for 𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 then the area of the region bounded by the curve
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), the 𝑥 −axis and the line 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 is

𝑏
A= 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎

𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0

Similarly.
If g(𝑦) ≥ 0 or g(𝑦) ≤ 0 for c≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑑 then the area of the region bounded by the curve
𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑦), the 𝑦 −axis and the line 𝑦 = 𝑐 and 𝑦 = 𝑑 is

𝑑
A= 𝑔 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑐
Also,

If 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 on [𝑎, 𝑐] and 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 0 on [𝑐, 𝑏] , then the area 𝐴 of the region bounded by
the graph of 𝑓(𝑥), the 𝑥 −axis, and the lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 would be determined by
the following definite integrals:

𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
A= 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎 𝑐
Area Between Two Curves
First Case:

𝑏
So the Area is, A= (𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑔 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎

In other words,
Second Case:

𝑑
So the Area is, A= (𝑓 𝑦 − 𝑔 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦
𝑐

In other words,
Example set-2.1
1. Write down the area in integral form and hence evaluate it

(a)
Solution:
Here, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1(Upper function)
2
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 (Lower function)
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 2

So the area is,


Example set-2.1

(b)
Solution:
Here, 𝑥 = −𝑦 2 + 10(Right function)
𝑥 = 𝑦 − 2 2 (Left function)
𝑦 = −1 and y = 3

3
So the area is, A= (−𝑦 2 + 10 − 𝑦 − 2 2 )𝑑𝑦
−1
3
= (−𝑦 2 + 10 − 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 4))𝑑𝑦
−1
3
= (−2𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 6)𝑑𝑦
−1
Example set-2.1

(c)

Solution: The area is,


Example set-2.1
2. Sketch the region enclosed by 𝑦 = 9 − 𝑥 2 and the 𝑥 −axis. Hence find its area.
Solution: The region is shown in the Figure given below,
𝑦 = 9 − 𝑥 2 ……(1), 𝑦 = 0 … … (2)(𝑥 −axis)
So, from eq (1) & (2):
9 − 𝑥2 = 0
𝑥2 = 9 ∴ 𝑥 = ±3

So the area is,


3
A= (9 − 𝑥 2 − 0)𝑑𝑥
−3

3
=2 (9 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
0

= 36
Example set-2.1
3. Sketch the region enclosed by the parabolas 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 . Hence find its area.

Solution: The region is shown in the Figure given below,

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ……(1), 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 … … (2)

𝑦 = 𝑥……(3)

So, from eq (1) & (3):


𝑥2 = 𝑥
𝑥4 = 𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 3 − 1) =0 ∴ 𝑥 = 0,1

So the area is,


1
= ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
0
Example set-2.1
4. Sketch the region enclosed by the parabolas 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10 and 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 16. Hence
find its area.
Solution: The region is shown in the Figure given below,
𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10……(1) , 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 16……(2)
So, from eq (1) & (2):

∴ 𝑥 = −1,3

So the area is,


Example set-2.1
5. Sketch the region enclosed by the parabolas 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10 and 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 16,
𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = 5 Hence find its area.

Solution: The region is shown in the Figure given below,


𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10……(1) , 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 16……(2)
So, from eq (1) & (2):

∴ 𝑥 = −1,3
So the area is,
Example set-2.1
6. Determine the area enclosed by 1
𝑥 = 2 𝑦 2 − 3 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1

Solution:
1
𝑥 = 2 𝑦 2 − 3 ……(1) and 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1……(2)
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 1……(3)

So, from eq (1) & (3):


1
𝑥 = 2 𝑦 2 − 3 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 1

So the area is,

∴ 𝑦 = −2,4
Exercise set-2.1
1. Sketch the region enclosed by the following curves and then find its area.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 and the x-axis.


.
(b) 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 and the x-axis.

(c) 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3.

3𝜋
(d) 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ and the x-axis.
2

(e) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2, the x-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 2.

(f) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4 and the x-axis.

(g) 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦 2 and the y-axis.

(h) 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 (2 − 𝑥) and the x-axis.


2. Sketch the region enclosed by the following curves and then find its area.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥

. (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) and the ordinates 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 5

(c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 ≥ 0

(d) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥

(e) 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2

(g) 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 + 4 and 4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 16

3. Calculus– James Stewart - 8th edition

P- 434 Ex # 1, 3, 5 – 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 22

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