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SAFETY OFFICER’S TRAINING COURSE FOR OIL AND GAS,

CONSTRUCTION, PETROCHEMICAL AND REFINERIES

Chapter 1 General Safety

OBJECTIVES
To be familiarized with the general safety guidelines for Petrochemical,
Construction and Oil and Gas Operations for both men and equipment.

Adherence to these safety policies and procedures will assure continuous,

efficient and safe work operation

GENERAL SAFETY PRINCIPLES

1. Employee safe work practices are a condition of employment
2. Injuries are preventable
3. Lead through examples
4. Safety is importance booth on or off the job
5. Each individual’s safety performance has direct bearing on his/her
employers ability to work in the industry
6. Accidents are costly
7. Attitude are contagious

PERSONAL CONDUCT
1. No horse playing or practical jokes
2. Observe smoking restrictions
3. Taking short cuts or making haste which deviates the
standard operation procedure (SOP)
4. Tampering safety equipment or making improvised or
fabricated tools
5. Insubordination or not following instructions
6. Practice respect for co-workers (No ethnic, racial, religious or sexual
harassment or jokes/No profanity/No excessive noise/Wear proper
clothes on and off duty/Attend to personal hygiene

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SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM

➢ FITNESS & WELLNESS

➢ SET AND APPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

➢ SYSTEM OF THE COMPANY

➢ HAZCOM OR HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLAN

➢ ALCOHOL & DRUG POLICY

➢ FIREARMS & WEAPONS

➢ PERSONAL CONDUCT & BEHAVIORAL SAFETY

➢ COMMUNICATION & CHAIN OF COMMAND

POLICIES
The primary aim of a company’s safety policy is to prevent accidents
among personnel and/or damage to its facilities, equipment, etc. Thus,
permits are required before certain tasks are done.The work force should
be physically fit for the job as well as ready for the hostile environment of
the sea or an onshore facility. They require a high degree of alertness,
physical mobility, coordination and stamina to meet the following
activities, namely:

a. Mode of travel or transfer (i.e. helicopter, boat, crane basket or

boat abseiling transfer to complex facilities or platform, etc.)
b. Physical structure of both onshore and offshore facilities (in terms
of size, numerous stairways, oversea walkways,
etc.)

c. Permit-to-work (PTW) System. The volume of

work to be done in work sites is enormous thus work projects are
set and agreed within a specific time schedule or deadline for a
win-win situation between the parties concerned. Approved

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permit-to-work (PTW) must be displayed near worksites ready for

inspection audits.
d. Environmental Management System (EMS). EMS is an assurance
that all onshore and offshore operations shall comply within the
sustainable use of both human and natural resources including
other physical assets of the company. (ISO-14001 or E.M.S.)
e. Waste Management System. (reduce, reuse, and recycle waste
including waste segregation schemes)
Compliance to set and approved Environmental Management
System (EMS) Plan of the Company

a. Mandatory Training Policy especially for offshore deployment

b. Permit-To-Work (PTW) training and exam for all safety staff, safety
officers, etc. by the Asset Authority’s Fire Department Engineer is
required for onshore facilities.

c. Helicopter Underwater Exit Training (HUET) is mandatory for

offshore facilities.

d. A Safety Engineer or Officer must be able to use proficiently the

Multi-Gas Tester for both onshore and offshore facilities.

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HAZARD COMMUNICATION PLAN OR HAZCOM

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) must be provided for all

chemicals, hazardous materials or dangerous
goods used by Operations. These shall be
discussed during Daily Toolbox Meetings by all
concerned personnel. The same must be
displayed near work sites for easy reference by all
concerned.

The Hazardous Communication Plan (HAZCOM)

approved by the management must be strictly
complied with by those working in the site.

*** All containers of chemicals, dangerous or hazardous materials must be

properly labeled. Only the allowed quantity shall be stored within the
approved time span. Chemicals shall be stored in accordance with their
compatibility scheme.

NO ALCOHOL AND NO DRUG POLICY

The use of alcohol and drugs in and out of the workplace is strictly
prohibited by all companies as both impair the health and safety of their
user. They disable the user to meet the degree of alertness, physical
mobility, coordination and stamina required by the user’s daily job and
the environment he is in. The user endangers himself as well as others
including the facility that might be affected by him being drunk or high in
drugs.

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Prohibited Drug Paraphernalia

What is drug paraphernalia?

Drug Paraphernalia is defined by the American Federal
Drug Enforcement Administration as any equipment,
product, or material that is modified for making, using,
or concealing illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin,
marijuana, and methamphetamine. Drug
paraphernalia generally falls into two categories including user-specific
products and dealer-specific products.

What the law says

Under the Federal Drug Paraphernalia Statute, which is part of the
Controlled Substances Act, it is illegal to possess, sell, transport, import, or
export drug paraphernalia as defined. The law gives specific guidance on
determining what constitutes drug paraphernalia. Many states have also
enacted their own laws prohibiting drug paraphernalia. Drug
Paraphernalia Sales With the rise of the drug culture in the United States in
the 1960s and 1970s, the country began to see the appearance of “head
shops,” which were stores that sold a wide range of drug paraphernalia.
While some of the paraphernalia was crude and home-made, much was
being commercially manufactured to cater to a fast-growing market.
Enterprising individuals even sold items openly in the street, until anti-
paraphernalia laws in the 1980s eventually ended such blatant sales.
Today, law enforcement faces another challenge. With the advent of the
Internet, criminals have greatly expanded their illicit sales to a worldwide
market for drug paraphernalia. For example, in a recent law enforcement
effort, Operation Pipedreams, the 18 companies targeted accounted for
more than a quarter of a billion dollars in retail drug paraphernalia sales
annually. Typically, such illicit businesses operate retail stores as well as
websites posing as retailers of legitimate tobacco accessories when in
reality the products are intended for the illegal drug trade.

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What You Should Know

Drug paraphernalia is often marketed specifically to youth—with colorful
logos, celebrity pictures, and designs like smiley faces on the products—
the items are meant to look harmless and belie the dangers of taking
controlled substances. Other paraphernalia like magic markers can
conceal pipes, and small, hand-painted blown glass items look more like
pretty trinkets than pipes or stash containers. Parents need to be aware
that these kinds of products often conceal drug use.
User-specific products are marketed to illegal drug users to assist them in
taking or concealing illegal drugs. These products include glass hashish
pipes, crack cocaine pipes, smoking masks, hashish bongs, cocaine
freebase kits, syringes, roach clips for holding the burning end of a
marijuana "joint", and items such as hollowed-out cosmetic cases or fake
pagers used to conceal illegal drugs. Some stores sell items for growing
hydroponic marijuana, such as guidebooks, fertilizer, and fluorescent
grow-lights, and products purported to cleanse an individuals system of
drug residues to increase the individual's chance of passing a urine
analysis for drug use.
A variety of drug pipes and bongs for sale in vendor’s stall in Manhattan
Crack cocaine pipes hashish bongs syringes

Dealer-specific products are used by drug traffickers for preparing illegal

drugs for distribution at the street level. Items such as digital scales, vials,
and small "ziploc" baggies that can be used to sell crack, heroin, or
marijuana fall into this category

Digital scales Vials small "ziploc" baggies

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Improvised paraphernalia

In the absence of commercially-available paraphernalia, either due to

legal restrictions or an actual lack of manufacturers, many drug users
manufacture their own. Primitive examples of this would include pipes for
the consumption of methamphetamine made from broken light bulbs,
spotting knives and basic spotless. However, many drug users (particularly
cannabis smokers) build quite sophisticated and complex paraphernalia.
An example of this would be the bucket bong. Police in many countries
will seize objects they believe to be improvised paraphernalia and
charge people for possessing these objects.

Various Drug Paraphernalia Bongs

GHB, the Date Rape Drug: Drugs that are usually sold in liquid form include
GHB and steroids. Look for small glass bottles or plastic squeeze bottles.

GHB, the Date Rape Drug

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GHB: Gamma hydroxy butyrate or Gamma hydroxybutyric acid, Sodium

Oxybate
Description: A clear liquid. Looks just like water. Can be mistaken for water
because it is usually found in a small (30ml) clear plastic bottle, a water
bottle, or even Gatorade bottles, which contains several doses. One
quick taste and you'll know it's not water. Not as common, but also found
as a white powder. Infact powder use is on the rise!
Effects: Intoxication, increased energy, happiness, talking, desire to
socialize, feeling affectionate and playful, mild disinhibition, sensuality,
enhanced sexual experience, muscle relaxation, loss of coordination due
to loss of muscle tone, possible nausea, difficulty concentrating, loss of
gag reflex.
Many people have bad reactions. These can include nausea,
headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, amnesia, vomiting, loss of muscle
control, respiratory problems, loss of consciousness, being conscious but
unable to move, and death- Especially when combined with alcohol or
other drugs.
Effects of large doses: Disinhibition, sedation, desire to sleep, rambling
incoherent speech, giddiness, silliness, difficulty thinking, slurred speech,
passing out, and death. Here's one scenario:
***WARNING - if your friend passes out, always seek medical attention
immediately, no matter what anyone else tells you.
Effects of overdose: Sleep or deep sedation from which you cannot be
awakened by any means for about three hours, and in many cases,
death. Passing out while on GHB is sometimes called carpeting out,
scooping out, or throwing down.

RESOURCE:www.projectghb.org/what_is_ghb.htm

Legal restrictions in the United States, under the Federal Drug

Paraphernalia Statute, which is part of the Controlled Substances Act, it is
illegal to sell, transport through the mail, transport across state lines,
import, or export drug paraphernalia as defined. There is no Federal law
regarding simple possession of drug paraphernalia, but such possession is
usually illegal under State law. The law gives specific guidance on
determining what constitutes drug paraphernalia. Many states have also
enacted their own laws prohibiting drug paraphernalia. Government
crackdowns have resulted in the arrest of sellers of recreational drug
paraphernalia, such as actor Tommy Chong, who spent time in prison in
2003 for the sale of glass pipes. In the United Kingdom the sale of such
drug paraphernalia is not prohibited by law at present. It is common to

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find at least one head shop in an average sized town selling vaporizers,
water-bongs, one-hitters, stash cans, herb grinders

etc. Sale is also not illegal in Canada, where not only are these items
available in specialty stores such as head shops, but also at local
convenience stores. Drug paraphernalia are also not illegal in Italy. In
countries where marijuana and hashish is illegal, retailers often specify
that glass and pottery pipes are intended for use with tobacco in an
attempt to circumvent laws against selling drug paraphernalia.
In New Zealand it is legal to sell pipes and vaporizers’, but illegal to sell
bongs and water pipes. These are sold nonetheless, by the expedient of
removing the pipe-stem and calling them "vases".

Other products banned

While most of the drug paraphernalia items have no legal use to

individuals, drug paraphernalia laws can also apply to many items that
have more legitimate uses than for illegal drugs. Small mirrors and other
glass products (such as Pyrex test tubes and "glass crack pipes"), lighters,
rolled up currency, razor blades, credit cards, and spoons have all been
used to prosecute people under paraphernalia laws, whether or not they
contain residue of illegal drugs. While United States federal statute defines
paraphernalia with the concept of primary use, in practice this can be
interpreted to be what the individual was currently primarily using the item
for, allowing for common items to be treated as paraphernalia only in
cases where more clear evidence allows such determination of primary
us.

References

US Drug Enforcement Agency. Drug Paraphernalia: Tools of the Illegal Drug

Trade..2006. US Drug Enforcement Administration-

www.usdoj.gov/dea/concern/paraphernaliafact.html;

Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug paraphernalia

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FIREARMS AND WEAPONS POLICY

Daily work pressures subconsciously expose workers to stressful situation
and so workers are on their edge each day. To prevent accidents from
indiscriminate use of firearms, the policy was created.Firearms and
Weapons Policy do not allow the use or possession of the same on both
offshore and onshore facilities. Workers
who will be found in possession of such
either at work or in the dormitory will be
automatically imprisoned and later on
repatriated.

PERSONAL CONDUCT AND BEHAVIORAL SAFETY

The ultimate goal in accident prevention is "zero" disabling
injuries and no lost work-time. However, there are many
barriers to achieving this goal, the most important of which
is the human attitude. Most people feel that "it won't
happen to me" or "it couldn't happen here." You can do
more to protect yourself and your fellow worker by
constantly thinking and practicing accident prevention
than you can by memorizing all of the rules, regulations,
and safeguards ever written or invented. You must THINK
before you act. Since both onshore and offshore facilities demand so
much from all its personnel who are multinationals, with different cultures
and beliefs, strict compliance to set and approved Company Rules and
Regulations is a must for all.

▪ Taking short cuts or making haste which deviates from the

approved or standard job procedures (SOP) is likewise prohibited.
▪ Horseplay is also a hazard. Many accidents occur because those
involved were joking with each other while at work.
▪ Tampering safety equipment or making improvised or fabricated
tools or equipment is likewise a safety risk.
▪ Insubordination or not following given instructions from designated
authorities especially in offshore or on work boats/vessels is an
offense worthy of immediate repatriation.
▪ Near miss or incidents must be reported immediately to the
Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Officer.

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GENERAL WORK HABITS

• Reducing accidents means reporting to work physically and mentally
rested, prepared to perform your job safely and properly.
• Always report any unsafe condition or unsafe act to your supervisor or
project head as soon as possible.
• Whenever you are performing your job, keep your mind on your work.
Always keep your temper and thoughts under control.
• Report any injury to your supervisor or project head as soon as
possible.
• If you are taking a prescribed drug that may have a side effect,
inform your supervisor before beginning the day's work.

COMMUNICATION AND CHAIN OF COMMAND

Immediate Danger to Life and Health (IDLH) Issues must be quickly and
properly dealt with and communicated properly.

Communicate with the FOREMAN first.

Then the work site SUPERVISOR and FIELD ENGINEER.

Finally, to the MANAGER or SUPERINTENDENT or FACILITY MANAGER.

The concept of the chain of command entails that a higher rank alone
does not entitle a higher-ranking soldier to give commands to anyone
among the lower rank.

For example, an officer of unit "A" does not directly command lower-
ranking soldiers of unit "B", and is generally expected to approach an
officer of unit "B" if he requires action by soldiers of that unit.

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GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
Good housekeeping is keeping the right things, tools,
equipment and materials at the right time and at
right place. Work areas, aisles, walkways, and
equipment shall be kept clear of loose materials,
tools, and scraps.

Spills such as grease, water, or oil shall be cleaned up as soon as possible;

a delay could result in an accident to you or a fellow worker.

A safe access shall be maintained to work areas. Short cuts should be

avoided. Never block aisles, traffic lanes, or fire exits with equipment or
materials.

Practice good housekeeping before work so as to keep the worksite clear

and safe for all personnel. Good housekeeping helps to easily identify
what needs to be done, the equipment needed to do the job and make
accurate estimates on both materials and manpower needed.

During work, good housekeeping makes the work area free from slipping
and tripping hazards that cause personnel injuries and delays to
operations.

Good housekeeping after work makes it easy and safe to inspect tools,
equipment and materials kept at their designated storage areas. Good
housekeeping also means securing them from unauthorized withdrawals
or use. In case of emergencies tools and materials will easily be accessible
to responding emergency crews.

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(Safety & Health Policy [OHSAS 18001- Occupational Safety & Health in the
Workplace])

THE 5S
The '5Ss' of the workplace are the Japanese words:
• Seiri - organization : separate out all the things that are
not necessary and eliminate them or tidy them away
• Seiton - neatness : arrange the essential things in order
so that they can be quickly and easily accessed and
put away
• Seiso - cleaning : keep machines and working
environment clean (everyone's job--no cleaners
needed)
• Seiketsu - standardization : make cleaning and
checking a routine practice; maintain a pleasant
environment
• Shitsuke - discipline : standardize the previous four steps and
constantly improve them; creating good habits

In a tidy and organized workplace, errors are minimized, work is speeded

up and small problems are made visible.
These have been translated (more than once) into five Ss in the English
language:

• Seiri - sort, structurize, sort out

• Seiton - sweep, tidy
• Seiso - scrub, sanitize, spic and span
• Seiketsu - systematize, standardize
• Shitsuke - self-discipline

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Let's leave the last word to Hiroyuki Hirano, author of 5S: Five Pillars of the
Visual Workplace:
"A company that cannot successfully implement the 5S's cannot
expect to effectively integrate Just in Time (JIT), re-engineering, or
any other large-scale change. Good workplaces develop
beginning with the 5S's. Bad workplaces fall apart beginning with
the 5S's."

REFERENCES:

www.pp.okstate.edu/en.wikipedia.org/www.qualitycoach.net

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WRITTEN EXERCISE

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1. Horse Playing is not allowed at the __________.

2. The _______ means Sort, Sweep, Sanitized, Systemized,

and Self- Discipline.

3. _______________ is preventable.

4. _______________or making haste which deviates from the

5. _______________is likewise not allowed.

6. ________________ or making improvised or fabricated tools

7. ___________ or not following instructions

8. ___________ is costly.

9. ___________ is contagious.

10. __________ or not following instructions is a serious offense.

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