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CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

(A)Block Diagram

TV Remote

IR MicroController Relay Driver

Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay

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(B)Introduction

IR remote controls are everywhere. Just about every piece of electronic

equipment you can think of has one – TVs, VCRs, DVDs, hi-fi systems. Even the
lastest cameras have them!

Why are they so popular? The answer is simple –convenience. You can change TV
channels without leaving your chair. Or adjust the volume on your stereo system.

In this project we can control 6 different relays by one remote controller. Here
we can use TV remote control also. Here IR sensor detects the appropriate signal
from remote and gives voltage signal according to it to microcontoller.

Microcontroller gives signal to relay driver IC, so that IC on and off the relay. So
the load connected with that perticular relay, switch on or off. We have one
master key to switch off all the relay.

The Range of the system is upto 10 meters. The system works on Phillips RC5
format. High power loads can also be connected by changing the Relay.
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CHAPTER-2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & DESCRIPTION

(A)Circuit Digram
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(B)Circuit Description & Working

 Remote control used here, generates 36 KHz frequency according to
whatever switch is pressed. So at the receiver side the IR sensor TSOP1736
when detects IR light of 36KHz it will give low o/p otherwise it will give high
o/p. So the modulated o/p generated by IR remote control will be
demodulated by this sensor and the pulses will be given to micro-
controller.
 When the o/p of pin no. 3 is given to micro-controller, micro-controller
generates pulses according to different voltages received from TSOP1736 IC
on pin no.7 of micro-controller.
 Here µC has been programmed that it sense the different voltages form pin
no,7 and generates pulse according to it, and those different pulses are
taken as o/p from pin no. 12,13,14,15,16,17,18 and 19 respectively.
Actually in this project we have taken only six o/p, so only six relays can be
controlled.
 A 11.0592 MHz Crystal is connected between pin no.4 and 5 to generate
clock pulse required for micro-controller’s operation. Reset circuit is
connected to generate reset pulse whenever requred by micro-controller.
 In this circuit 12 V and 5 V supply is required. Capacitor C6 is used for
filtereing purpose. It doesnot allow a.c. to flow. An IC 7805 is used here. It is
a voltage regulator ic. It regulates the voltage taken from transformer. Here
12 v transformer is used. A Full-wave Rectifier circuit using four 1N4007
diodes is created to convert a.c to d.c.
 The different output pulses of µC are given to IC ULN2803. Its a relay driver
ic. It is required because voltage taken from µC are not enough to drive a
relay. So IC is used. A 12V supply is used to provide proper voltage to drive
IC.
 Relay driver IC chech the output of micro-controller and according to it, it
drives either on or off the relay. All relay can be on and off simultaneously.
It is also possible to make all the relay on at same time. There is a master
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switch to switch off all the relays at once. Power button on remote control
is set as master key.

CHAPTER-3 COMPNENTS DESCRIPTION

1. AT89C2051:
The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-
only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high
density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. By combining a versatile 8-bit
CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C2051 is a power-
ful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications.

2. IC 7805:
7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series
of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may
have fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage
regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. The xx in
78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide. 7805
provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be
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connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective.

3. TSOP1736:
The TSOP16 series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control
systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the
epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal
can directly bedecoded by a microprocessor. TSOP16 is the standard
IR remote control receiver series, supportingall major transmission codes.

4. ULN2803:
The UTC ULN2803 is high-voltage, high-current Darlington drivers
comprised of eight NPN Darlington pairs. It used as Relay, hammer, lamp
and display (LED) drivers
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5. Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet
to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating
principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a
circuit by a low-power signal or where several circuits must be controlled
by one signal.

6. Crystal:
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical
resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an
electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly
used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to provide a stable
clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for
radio transmitters and receivers.
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7. Transformer:
A transformer is a static device that transfers electrical energy from one
circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the
transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates
a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying
magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field
induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary
winding. This effect is called mutual induction.

8. Resistor:
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronic component which
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. When a voltage V is
applied across the terminals of a resistor, a current I will flow through the
resistor in direct proportion to that voltage. This constant of proportionality
is called conductance, G. The reciprocal of the conductance is known as the
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resistance R, since, with a given voltage V, a larger value of R further

"resists" the flow of current I as given by Ohm's law

9. Capacitor:
A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of
conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator). When there is a potential
difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field develops
across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and
negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic
field. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value,
capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on
each conductor to the potential difference between them.

10.DIODE:
In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that
conducts electric current in only one direction. The term usually refers to a
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semiconductor diode, the most common type today. This is a crystalline

piece of semiconductor material connected to two electrical terminals.

CHAPTER-4 SOFTWARE
(A)Program(in assembly language)

VAR1 equ r7 ;Temporary Variable

TEMP equ 10H ;Temp variable
COUNT equ 11H ;Count
ADDR equ 12H ;Device address
CMD equ 13H ;Command
FLIP bit 00H ;Flip bit
TOG bit 01H ;Temp bit for flip
IR equ P3.3 ;IR Receiver connected to this pin
SW1 equ P1.0 ;Switch 1 connected here
SW2 equ P1.1 ;Switch 2 connected here
SW3 equ P1.2 ;Switch 3 connected here
SW4 equ P1.3 ;Switch 4 connected here
SW5 equ P1.4 ;Switch 5 connected here
SW6 equ P1.5 ;Switch 6 connected here
SW7 equ P1.6 ;Switch 7 connected here
SW8 equ P1.7 ;Switch 8 connected here
SWport equ P1 ;Port at which switches are connected
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org 00H ;Start of prog

mov SWport,#00H ;switch all relays off!
mov sp,#50H ;Stack pointer initialization
clr TOG ;Clear temp bit

main:
jb IR,$ ;Wait for first bit
mov VAR1,#255 ;3.024mS delay
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#100
djnz VAR1,$
mov c,IR ;Read Flip bit
mov FLIP,c
clr A
mov COUNT,#5 ;Count for address
fadd:
mov VAR1,#255 ;1.728mS delay for each bit
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#4
djnz VAR1,$
mov c,IR
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rlc a
djnz COUNT,fadd
mov ADDR,A ;Save the address
clr a
mov COUNT,#6 ;Count for Command
fcmd:
mov VAR1,#255 ;1.728mS Delay for each bit
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#255
djnz VAR1,$
mov VAR1,#4
djnz VAR1,$
mov c,IR
rlc a
djnz COUNT,fcmd
mov TEMP,CMD ;Save the old command
mov CMD,a ;Save the new command
mov a,ADDR ;Cheack for valid address
cjne a,#00,nvalid
mov a,TEMP
cjne a,CMD,valid ;Check for valid command
nvalid:
ljmp main
valid: ;Key press check
clr a
mov c,FLIP
rlc a
mov TEMP,a
clr a
mov c,TOG
rlc a
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cjne a,TEMP,valid1
sjmp nvalid
valid1:
mov c,FLIP
mov TOG,c
mov a,CMD
clr c
cjne a,#1,skip1 ;Check for SW1
jb SW1,isset1
setb SW1
ljmp main
isset1:
clr SW1
ljmp main
skip1:
cjne a,#2,skip2 ;Check for SW2
jb SW2,isset2
setb SW2
ljmp main
isset2:
clr SW2
ljmp main
skip2:
cjne a,#3,skip3 ;Check for SW3
jb SW3,isset3
setb SW3
ljmp main
isset3:
clr SW3
ljmp main
skip3:
cjne a,#4,skip4 ;Check for SW4
jb SW4,isset4
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setb SW4
ljmp main
isset4:
clr SW4
ljmp main
skip4:
cjne a,#5,skip5 ;Check for SW5
jb SW5,isset5
setb SW5
ljmp main
isset5:
clr SW5
ljmp main
skip5:
cjne a,#6,skip6 ;Check for SW6
jb SW6,isset6
setb SW6
ljmp main
isset6:
clr SW6
ljmp main
skip6:
cjne a,#7,skip7 ;Check for SW7
jb SW7,isset7
setb SW7
ljmp main
isset7:
clr SW7
ljmp main
skip7:
cjne a,#8,skip8 ;Check for SW8
jb SW8,isset8
setb SW8
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ljmp main
isset8:
clr SW8
ljmp main
skip8:
cjne a,#0CH,exit ;Check for all switches
mov SWport,#00H
ljmp main
exit:
ljmp main
END ;End of program
CHAPTER-5 TROUBLE-SHOOTING

 Poor soldering ("dry joints") is the most common reason for

the circuit not working.
 After soldering carefully again, problem was solved.

 An IC was burnt while soldering due to very much heat.

 By replacing that IC, problem was solved.

 Itching process of PCB was not done well due to inappropriate

concentration of CuSO4.
 By doing itching process again with proper liquid we got better
result.
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CHAPTER-6 APPLICATIONS & FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS

(A)Applications

i) The IR remote control circuit here can be used for any simple
ON-OFF switching function.
ii) This circuit can be operated from a range of 30 foots or 10
meters using any T.V remote.
iii) For simple ON-OFF function such as controlling a lamp or fan
we can use this circuit.
iv) Can be used by a bed-ridden or handi-caped person to control
the fans and lights.

(B)FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS

 By increasing number of relay we can operate up to 8 switch.

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 If we use more powerfull transmitter and receiver’s sensor, we

can increased the range of operating distance.
 We can use power relays to control industrial appliencies.
 By making only required channel transmitter, we can reduce the
size of remote control.

CHAPTER-7 COMPONENTS LIST & COST

Sr.No Components Quantity(pcs. Cost
. )
1. PCB 1 12
2. Transformer 12-0-12 1 45

3. AT89C2051 1

4. ULN2803 1
5. IC 7805 1
6. IC TSOP1736 1
7. Crystal 1
8. Capacitor 33pF 2

9. Capacitor 10µF 1

10. Capacitor 100nF 3

11. 1N4007 4

12 TV Remote 1
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CHAPTER-8 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin d. Mckinlay,

THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

2. www.8051projects.net

3. www.wikipedia.org

4. www.atmel.com

5. www.datasheetcatalog.org

6. www.google.com
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CHAPTER-9 DATASHEETS (A)1N4005:

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(B) ATMEL T89C2051:

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(C)TSOP1736:
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(D) ULN2803:
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(E) LM7805:
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