Theory and Practice

1. To avoid large centering error with very short legs,

observations are generally made _______.
a. All of these
b. To chain pins
c. By using optical system for centering the
theodolite
d. To a target fixed on the theodolite tripod on
which theodolite may be fitted easily

2. The definition “a graphic depiction of all or part of a

geographic realm in which real world features have
been replaced with symbols in their correct spatial
location at a reduced scale is that of _______.
a. Design
b. Map
c. Functional Capability
d. Geographic Information System

3. Reduced level of a point is its height or depth above

or below _______.
a. The assumed datum
b. Assumed horizontal surface
 c. The ground surface
d. The line of collimation

4. The Russian Federation equivalent to the NAVSTAR

global positioning system (GPS) that has 3 orbital
planes containing 8 satellites each is called _______.
a. Global Positioning System
b. Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System
c. Galileo
d. Global Navigation Satellite System

5. The arrangement in space of a set of satellites is

called _______.
a. Full Constellation
b. Satellite Arrangement
c. Satellite Track
d. Satellite Constellation

6. _______ pertains to any variety of highly stabled

precise and accurate time-keeping devices that are
based typically on the state transition behavior of
particular elements such as cesium, hydrogen and
rubidium in their gaseous phase.
a. Army clock
b. Atomic clock
 c. Stop watch
d. Clockwise

7. _______ is a collection of charts or maps to be kept

(loose or bound) in a volume.
a. Sketches
b. Atlas
c. Books
d. Boat sheets

8. Electromagnetic waves are unaffected by _______.

a. Atmospheric Pressure
b. Vapor Pressure
c. Air Temperature
d. Wind Speed

9. _______ refers to a right of a vessel to navigate

through territorial sea of a foreign state for purposes
of travelling from one area of high seas to another or
passing between the high seas and the inland waters
of the coastal state.
a. Innocent Passage
b. Sealanes
c. International Access
d. Free Passage
10. _______ refers to the index marks rigidly
connected at the central or corner edges of the
camera body when the film exposed these marks
appear on the film negative.
a. Edge marks
b. Fiducial marks
c. None of these
d. Cross hairs

11. The length of a traverse leg may be obtained by

multiplying the latitude and the _______.
a. Cosine of its reduced bearing
b. Tangent of its reduced bearing
c. Sind of its reduced bearing
d. Secant of its reduced bearing

12. _______ means any wastewater, partially or

completely treated, or any waste liquid flowing out of
mining operations, waste water treatment plants or
tailings disposal system.
a. Tailing
b. Mine waste
c. Liquid
d. Effluent
13. A contour interval is _______.
a. The horizontal distance between 2 consecutive
contours.
b. The horizontal distance between 2 points on
same contour.
c. The vertical distance between 2 points on same
contour.
d. The vertical distance between 2 consecutive
contours.

14. Repetitive observations of the same area at

equal interval of time are useful to monitor the
dynamic phenomena such as _______.
a. Forest fires
b. Vegetative cover
c. All of these
d. Cloud evolution

15. _______ refers to the ‘isogram’ on a map.

a. A line representing an equal value of a
quantity given
b. A line representing the difference in elevation in
two areas
c. A point representing the unique value in an area
 d. An area representing a range of temperatures

16. _______ is designed by an archipelagic state for

the passage of ships and aircrafts.
a. Waterway
b. Water lane
c. Navigational Pathway
d. Archipelagic Sea Lane

17. In sequential problems such as time series,

_______ is the estimation of a current value using all
of the previous measurements wherein smoothing
can correct this afterwards, by integrating also the
information from future measurements.
a. Distributing
b. Filtering
c. Orienting
d. Matching

18. A contour intervals is the _______.

a. Difference in rock between one geologic unit and
the next
b. Difference in color between one contour line and
the next
 c. Difference in elevation between one contour
line and the next
d. Difference in elevation between one contact line
and the next

19. Correlate is the unknown multiplier used to

determine the most probable values by multiplying it
with _______.
a. Observation Equation
b. Condition Equation
c. Normal Equation
d. Condition imposed by the least square theory

20. A map _______ is expressed as a fraction,

representing the ratio of a unit of distance on a
physical map to the corresponding actual distance on
the earth.
a. Legend
b. Orientation
c. Scale
d. Grid

21. The line normal to the plumb line is known as

_______.
a. Level line
 b. Horizontal line
c. Datum line
d. Vertical line

22. An open or surface mine site where stone, rocks

and construction materials are extracted is called
_______.
a. Quarry
b. Load
c. Placer
d. Mine

23. _______ is considered correct statement.

a. The visible length occupies small portion of
the electromagnetic spectrum extending
roughly from 0.4µm to 0.7µm wavelength.
b. All of these
c. The wavelength of gamma rays is 10-10m
d. The wavelength of radio rays is 106

24. A horizontal opening to an underground mine

from the surface is called _______.
a. Shaft
b. Entrance
c. Adit
 d. Passage

25. The branch of surveying in which an optical

instrument is used to determine both horizontal and
vertical position, in known as _______.
a. Tacheometry
b. Tachometry
c. Telemetry
d. Tachemetry

26. A vertical or near vertical entrance into

underground workings is called _______.
a. Tunnel
b. Stope
c. Shaft
d. Reading

27. The error in the horizontal circle reading is due to

_______.
a. A line of collimation not being perpendicular to
trunnion axis.
b. The late axis bubble not being parallel to line
of collimation.
c. None of these
 d. The line of sight not being parallel to the
telescope axis

28. The portion of the global positioning system

(GPS) that can be directly interfaced by the user is
called _______.
a. Master control segment
b. Overall segment
c. Control segment
d. User segment

29. If the slope angle 64-08-07 is measured to an

accuracy of 10”. The expected relative accuracy in
the linear measurement _______.
a. 1/100
b. 1/10
c. 1/10000
d. 1/1000

30. _______ is the process of converting an analog

value into a digital number.
a. Categorization
b. Quantification
c. Classification
d. Quantization
31. A theodolite can measure _______.
a. Bearing of line
b. Difference in level
c. Zenith angle
d. All of these

32. An act of identifying the images of the objects

and judging their relative significance is called
_______.
a. Image interpretation
b. Cartographic processing
c. Map preparation
d. Image restitution

33. In global positioning system (GPS), _______

refers to the process of determining the differences in
position between 2 location by placing a receiver over
each site making simultaneous measurements
observing the same set of satellite at the same time.
a. Real-time kinematic positioning
b. Point positioning
c. Relative positioning
d. Differential positioning
34. Contour lines are used to show _______ on a
topographic map.
a. Boundaries
b. Rivers and streams
c. Relief
d. Quickest route

35. Each coastal state may claim a/an _______

beyond and adjacent to its territorial sea that extends
seaward up top 200NM from its baseline (or out to the
maritime boundary with another coastal state)
a. Contiguous zone
b. Exclusive economic zone
c. Maritime zones
d. Off-shore water boundaries

36. Considerable information and date for

geographic information system (GIS) is available on
the internet. _______ format must not be transmitted
in binary format.
a. .zip files
b. .gif files
c. .dxf
d. Html files
37. _______ is the government office mandated to
distribute agricultural lands to qualified beneficiaries
covered by the agrarian reform program of
government.
a. Agrarian Reform Board
b. Department of Agrarian Reform
c. DENR Agrarian Reform Secretariat
d. Department of Environment and Natural
Resources.

38. Electromagnetic waves are characterized by

_______.
a. All of these
b. Frequency
c. Wavelength
d. Intensity

39. A longitude-like coordinate in the equatorial

system which is measured in units of time west ward
along the celestial equator from the celestial meridian
to the hour circle of a point is called _______.
a. Celestial angle
b. Meridian angle
c. Hour angle
d. Vertical angle
40. _______ is a navigation satellite system under
developed implementation by the European
commission of the European Union, the European
space agency and European Industry.
a. Global orbiting navigation satellite system.
b. Galileo
c. Global navigation satellite system
d. Global positioning system

41. If two points A and B 125m apart, have difference

in elevation………m, the slope correction to the
measured length is _______.
a. 0.001m
b. +0.001m
c. +0.0125m
d. 0.001

42. In field astronomy, _______ are used to

determine… the stars and planets where the distance
to the object….
a. Coordinate systems
b. Celestial systems
c. None of these
d. Position of objects
43. _______ is a United State-Department of Defense
sponsored and operated constellations of satellites
orbiting 6 orbital planes at a nominal altitude of
10,898NM (20,190km)
a. Global Navigation Satellite System
b. Global Positioning System
c. Global Orbiting Navigational Satellite System
d. Galileo

44. An entrance to an underground mine is called

_______.
a. Tunnel
b. Reading
c. Stope
d. Portal

45. The Cartesian coordinate system where the x-

direction is in the direction of the intersection of the
prime meridian. (Greenwich longitude) with the equator
is known as the _______.
a. Universal Transverse Mercator System
b. Philippine Reference System
c. World Geodetic System
d. Earth-centered Earth-fixed coordinate system
46. One of the characteristic of random errors is that
_______.
a. Small errors occur more frequently than the
large errors.
b. Large errors may occur more frequently.
c. Plus error occur more frequently than the negative
errors.
d. Small errors occur as frequently as the large
errors.

47. The deliberate introduction of digital noise is

known as _______.
a. Attenuation
b. Dithering
c. Cycle slip
d. Spoofing

48. For fresh and pure snow reflectance, _______ is

considered correct statement.
a. Remains low for longer wavelengths
b. Falls off steeply in the near-IR region
c. All of these
d. Is very high visible region
49. _______ condition is true due to scan geometry of
a satellite sensor.
a. All of these
b. The details towards the edge of the scan get
compressed
c. The ground distance swept by the sensor, IFOV’s
proportional to sec2β, where β is the angle of scan
measure from the nadir.
d. The off-nadir resolution is degraded

50. _______ refers to the coordinate on celestial

sphere analogous to the latitude and is measured in
degrees north or south of the celestial equator.
a. Equinox measure
b. Right ascension
c. Declination
d. Angle of ascension

51. Zoning ordinance promote social vitality within the

city when they include _______.
a. Flexible car parking rations
b. Strict zoning by land-use category
c. High rise building in a park like setting
d. Mixed rise and overlay zoning
52. A deposit of sand and gravel that contains
particles of gold, gemstones, or other heavy minerals
of value is called _______.
a. Quarry
b. Placer
c. Claim
d. Valuable deposit

53. The error due to the non-vertically of the vertical

axis of a theodolite _______.
a. Is eliminated in the method of reiteration only
b. Is eliminated in the method of repetition as well as
in reiteration
c. Is eliminated in the method of repetition only
d. Cannot be eliminated by any method

54. From the following statements _______ is not

true.
a. GIS system generate only final product,
permanent or “real” maps in their display
functions.
b. Symbols, especially colors are subject to the … of
cartographic convention
 c. Design errors are common with GIS use … and
incorrect selections of map type and symbolize
error.
d. Visual balance is affected by the “weight” of
symbols, the visual hierarchy of the symbols and
elements and the location of the elements with
respect to each other and the visual center of the
map.

55. _______ refers to the process of representing the

earth’s round surface as a flat surface (using a piece
of paper or a computer screen).
a. Projection
b. Cartography
c. Coordination
d. Mapping

56. _______ is the government office that archives all

records of registered title of lands in the country.
a. DENR-Regional Office
b. Land Management Bureau
c. Land Registration Authority
d. DENR-Central Office
57. _______ refers to the point on the ecliptic when
the sun is at the nearest distance to the earth.
a. Perihelion
b. Point of Tangency
c. Aphelion
d. Zenith Point

58. _______ means the process of extracting,

removing and disposing quarry resources found on or
underneath the surface of public or private land.
a. Quarrying
b. Exploring
c. Mining
d. Processing

59. The remote sensing techniques applied for the

earth features are generally confined to the _______
wavelengths.
a. 4.2 to 5.0, 7.0 to 15.0µm and 1cm to 30cm
b. 2.2 to 2.6, 3.0 to 3.6, 4.2 to 5.0µm
c. 0.4 to 1.3, 1.5 to 1.8, 2.2 to 2.6µm
d. All of these

60. Spring balance in linear measurement is used

_______.
 a. None of the standard pull at the time of
measurement
b. To know the weight of the tape
c. To apply the desired pull
d. To know the standard pull at the time of
measurement

61. Three-point problem can be solved by _______.

a. Bessel’s Method
b. All of these
c. Lehman’s Method
d. Tracing Paper Method

62. The time when the sun crosses the celestial

equator is called _______.
a. Solstice
b. Sidereal Time
c. Equinox
d. Local Time

63. The systematic errors _______.

a. Are always negative
b. Have same sign as the gross errors
c. Are always errors
d. May be positive or negative
64. The main functional blocks of multi-spectral
scanner (MSS) are given below:
i. Video processor
ii. Dispersive system
iii. Detector
iv. Signal conditioner
v. Collecting optics
as such, _______ sequence is correct.
a. i,iii,ii,iv,v
b. v,iii,ii,iv,i
c. i,iv,v,iii,ii
d. v,ii,iii,I,iv

65. The correction for reduced length on the mean sea

level is proportional to _______.
a. 1/2H
b. 1/H
c. H2
d. H

66. Georeferencing refers to _______.

a. Converting data to a feature’s class
b. Correcting data from distortions
c. Projecting your data so that it has no distortion
 d. Aligning your data with the location on the
earth surface

67. _______ refers to the time obtained based on the

sun’s notion above the given place, in this system, the
time is measured as 0 hours, 0 mins, 0 sec, when the
sun is at its lower transit, means when it is midnight at
the place.
a. Average solar time
b. Apparent/true solar time
c. Equation time
d. Sidereal time

68. In mine surveying, the slope of drives, cross-cuts,

inclines, and declines is called _______.
a. Gradient
b. Angle
c. Inclination
d. Reading

69. A circular curve is most suited for connecting

_______.
a. Two straights in vertical plane only
b. Two straights in horizontal plane or vertical
plane
 c. Two straights in horizontal plane only
d. Two straights one in horizontal and the second in
vertical plane

70. _______ is used for the type of line on a map

representing the same elevation for all the points on
the line.
a. Elevation
b. Hachure
c. Contour
d. Grid

71. Dense correspondence or reconstruction method

based directly on cross-correlating photometric
intensities or related descriptor images without
extracting geometric feature.
a. Indirect method
b. Direct method
c. Approximation method
d. Empirical approach

72. _______ refers to a data file for a given

constellation which contains coarse orbit information
for all satellite.
a. Record book
 b. Field book
c. Coast pilot book
d. Almanac

73. Quadrantal bearing is always measured from

_______.
a. The north end or the south end of the magnetic
meridian
b. The north end of the magnetic meridian only
c. The north end of the magnetic meridian only
d. Either the north end or the south end of the
magnetic meridian as the case may be.

74. _______ shall mean a track or parcel of land

registered under Act No. 496 which is partitioned
primarily for residential purposes and into individual
t=lot with or without improvements thereon, and offered
to the public for sale in cash or installment terms.
a. Resort development project
b. Subdivision project
c. Land development project
d. Condominium project
75. From the following statements, _______ is not
correct about geographic information system (GIS)
technology.
a. GIS technology is capable to study the
environmental surroundings.
b. GIS technology in the same as traditional
mapping
c. GIS technology contains analytic capabilities for
overlaying maps
d. GIS technology is a toolbox for processing maps
and fundamental concepts for spatial
measurements.

76. _______ means a right to explore, develop of

utilities mineral resources.
a. Mining right
b. Mining title
c. Mining patent
d. Mining conment

77. If the observations of a quantity contain systematic

and random errors, the most probable value of the
quantity is obtained by _______.
a. Minimizing the systematic and random errors from
the observations.
 b. Removing the systematic and random errors from
the observations.
c. Removing the random errors and minimizing the
systematic errors from the observation.
d. Removing the systematic errors and
minimizing the residuals from the observation.

78. The horizontal refraction is minimum between

_______.
a. 8am to 12noon
b. 10am to 2pm
c. 6am to 9am
d. 2pm to 4pm

79. A satellite station is a station

a. Also known as a resected point
b. Which fall on the circumference of the passing
through three main triangulation stations.
c. Also known as intersected point.
d. Close to the main triangulation station that
cannot be occupied for making observations.

80. An elevation is the _______ above a reference

plane, or datum.
a. Staking party
 b. Horizontal distance
c. Vertical distance
d. Corrected point

81. If the standard deviation of a quantity is ±1, the

maximum error would be _______.
a. 3.29”
b. 2.39”
c. 9.23”
d. 2.93”

82. _______ refers to a person or an entity from which

the FTAA applicant/contractor has derived, or derives
its rights in any part or parts of the contract area or area
contiguous with the contract area by any means,
including assignment, option waiver or consent to the
grant or an agreement in substitution for that persons
or entity’s claim owner-rights.
a. Claim owner
b. Prospector
c. Explorer
d. Lessee

83. _______ is considered a correct statement.

 a. The plane containing the incident ray and normal
to the reflecting surface at the point of incidence is
called the plane of incidence.
b. When the electric vector is at right angles to the
plane of incidence, horizontal polarization wave is
formed.
c. When the electric field oscillates in the direction of
the electric, vector, a plane polarize wave is
formed.
d. All of these.

84. _______ is useful for interpolating contour lines

rapidly.
a. Tracing cloth
b. Calculator
c. Engineer’s scale
d. Graduated rubber band

85. Based on the following, _______ is the

INCORRECT statement.
a. A 100m tape of cross section 10mm x 0.25mm
stretches about 10mm under 5kg pull.
b. While measuring a distance with a tape of length
100.005, the distance to be increasing by 0.005 for
each tape.
 c. An increase in temperature causes a tape to
increase in length and the measured distance
is too large.
d. The straight distance between and points of a
suspended tape is reduced by an amount called
the sag correction.

86. _______ refers to the camera pose or position and

angular orientation.
a. Outer orientation
b. Inner orientation
c. All of these
d. Relative matching

87. Chain surveying is well adopted for _______.

a. Large areas with simple details
b. Small areas with crowded details
c. Large areas with difficult details
d. Small areas in open ground

88. The line of sight is kept as high above ground

surface as possible to minimize the error in the
observed angles due to _______.
a. Both shimmering and horizontal refraction
b. Vertical refraction
 c. Shimmering
d. Horizontal refraction

89. The projection created using a cylinder tangent at

the equated is called _______.
a. Planar projection
b. Conformal projection
c. Conic projection
d. Mercator projection

90. The process of stripping existing vegetation from

a site can cause _______.
a. Disorientation
b. Defoliation
c. Pollution
d. Erosion

91. A photograph taken from an air-borne platform

using a precision camera is called _______.
a. Extraterrestrial photograph
b. Scanned images
c. Terrestrial photographs
d. Aerial photographs
92. Restrictive covenants are typically developed on
behalf of _______.
a. Property owners
b. Design professionals
c. City officials
d. Civil engineers

93. _______ refers to the difference between the true

solar time and the mean solar time.
a. Variance in sidereal time
b. Real time variance
c. Equation of time
d. Difference in real time