API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)

1. The complete removal or partial* removal (*more than 50% of weld thickness) and
replacement of more than 12 inches of a vertical weld joining shell plates is considered a:
A) Minor alteration B) Minor repair C) Major alteration D) Major repair
Answer: D (Ref: API 653, Definitions 3.18.e for major repair/major alteration)
2. A single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a Cobalt-60 source. The
minimum permitted density in the area of interest is:
A) 4.0 B) 1.8 C) 2.0 D) 1.3
Answer: C (Reference: ASME V, Article 2, T-282.1) … Cobalt-60 = “gamma” radiation
3. Cathodic protection is achieved by directing the flow of current from:
A) A cathode to anode B) An anode to cathode
C) Both installations are acceptable D) None of the preceding
Answer: B (Reference: API 651, Para. 4.1.1.c) … The “4” components of a corrosion cell
4. What term describes a change from previous operating conditions involving different
properties of the stored product such as specific gravity or corrosivity and/or different service
conditions of temperature and/or pressure.
A) Re-rating B) Change in service C) Repair D) Reconstruction
Answer: B (Ref: API 653, Definitions 3.7)
5. Describe the correct sequence (steps) of how a liquid penetrant examination should be
performed in order to detect discontinuities that are open to the surface.
A) Clean part, apply developer, apply penetrant, remove excess penetrant, inspect part, clean
part
B) Clean part, apply penetrant, remove excess penetrant, apply developer, inspect part, clean
part
C) Clean part, apply developer, apply penetrant, inspect part, remove excess penetrant, clean
part
D) Clean part, apply developer, apply penetrant, inspect part, clean part.
Answer: B (Reference: ASME V, Article 6, Table T-621 sequence & basic principles of PT)
6. For a radiographic technique in which radiation passed through two walls and both walls are
viewed on the same radiograph (double wall, double image – ellipse), a limitation for OD is:
A) 3 – ½ inches B) 2 inches C) 4 inches D) Any diameter possible
Answer: A (Reference: Non-Mandatory Appendix A, Figure A-210.2 … Not on exam)
7. The information needed when determining the rate of corrosion for a tank component is:
A) Original thickness or last inspection thickness. B) Current thickness.
C) Length of time in service. D) All of the above.
Answer: D (Reference: API 653, Section 3.9 (Definition) & 4.2, 4.3 & 4.4) … Closed Book!
 API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)
8. Maximum acceptable undercut in base metal in a reconstructed tank of horizontal welds is:
A) 1/64 inch B) 1/32 inch C) 1/16 inch D) 1/8 inch
Answer: B (Reference: API 653, 10.4.2.5 🡪API 650, & 8.5.1.b & also Para. 7.2.1.4)
9. Tank was inspected in 1985 and the thickness was observed to be 0.32 inch. The thickness
observed during inspection in 1995 was 0.30 inch. What is the corrosion rate?
A) 2 mpy B) 20 mpy C) 0.2 mpy D) 1 mpy
Answer: A (Reference: API 653, Section 3.9 – Definition of corrosion rate/basic knowledge)
10. If remaining corrosion allowance (RCA) at present is 0.05 inches, the next UT thickness
inspection due for a tank with given information (1985 = .32 in & 1995 = .30 in) shall be:
A) 10 years B) 15 years C) 25 years D) 12.5 years
Answer: D (Reference: 633.2.b) Use the smaller of RCA/2N or 15 years …Solution: Corrosion
rate or “N” = 20 mils lost in 10 years = 2 MPY … RCA = .05 inches = 50 mils
50 mils ÷ (2) (2 mpy) = 50 ÷ 4 = 12.5 … Solution is 12.5 years, not 15 years or 25 years.
b) When the corrosion rate is known, the maximum interval shall be the smaller of RCA/2N years (where RCA is the
difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is the shell
corrosion rate in mils per year) or 15 years.

11. A corroded area of a tank bottom plate is repaired by welding overlay. There is no change
in the rating and no change is made on the nameplate. Which of the following is the correct
term to describe this process?
A) Reconstruction B) Repair C) Alteration D) None of these are correct
Answer: B (Reference: API 653, Para. 3.24.a Definition) 3.24 repair – Work necessary to maintain or
restore a tank to a condition suitable for safe operation. Repairs include both major repairs (see 3.18) and repairs
that are not major repairs. Examples of repairs include: a) Removal and replacement of material (such as roof,
shell, or bottom material, including weld metal) to maintain tank integrity; … Also see API 653, Section 9.4

12. The interval from initial service until the initial internal inspection shall not exceed ______
years, unless either a risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment or a similar service assessment is
performed.
A) 10 B) 20 C) 5 D) 15
Answer: A (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2)
12a. The interval from initial service until the initial internal inspection shall not exceed ______
years when a risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment is performed. Given: Assume the tank has
a ¼ inch thick bottom plate.
A) 10 B) 12 C) 15 D) 20
Answer: A (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2)
12b. The interval from initial service until the initial internal inspection shall not exceed ______
years when a risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment is performed. Given: Assume the tank has
a 3/8 inch thick bottom plate.
A) 10 B) 12 C) 15 D) 20
Answer: B (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2)
12c. The interval from initial service until the initial internal inspection shall not exceed ______
years when a risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment is performed. Given: Assume the tank has
a CP system plus a fiberglass reinforced lining.
A) 10 B) 12 C) 15 D) 20
Answer: C (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2.1)
12d. The maximum interval for subsequent internal inspections shall not exceed ______ years
when the corrosion rate is known.
A) 10 B) 12 C) 15 D) 20
Answer: D (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2.2)
12e.The maximum intervals for subsequent internal inspections shall not exceed __ years when
a risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment is performed. Given: Assume the tank service is
asphalt* (*highly viscous substance that solidifies at temps below 110°F) with a known
corrosion rate.
A) 10 B) 12 C) 20 D) 25
Answer: C (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2.2 🡪 Para. 6.4.2.6)
12f.The maximum intervals for an initial internal inspections shall not exceed __ years when a
risk-based inspection (RBI) assessment is performed. Given: Assume the tank service is asphalt*
(*highly viscous substance that solidifies at temps below 110°F) with a known corrosion rate.
A) 10 B) 12 C) 20 D) 25
Answer: C (Reference: API 653, Section 6.4.2.1 🡪 Para. 6.4.2.6)
13a. Hot taps are not permitted under which of the following conditions?
A) On plates requiring PWHT.
B) On ultrasonically sound plate.
C) On tanks with a diameter more than 80 feet.
D) None of the preceding.
Answer: A (Reference: 653, Para. 9.14.1.1)
13b. For tank shell plates of known material & toughness, hot taps are limited to nozzles having
a maximum diameter of:
A) 2 in NPS B) 4 in NPS C) 12 in NPS D) 18 in NPS
Answer: D (Reference: 653, Para. 9.14.1.1.a 🡪 See Table 9.1)
13c. For tank shell plates of unknown material & toughness, hot taps are limited to nozzles
having a maximum diameter of:
A) 2 in NPS B) 4 in NPS C) 12 in NPS D) 18 in NPS
Answer: B (Reference: 653, Para. 9.14.1.1.b)
14a. A tank of 160 feet diameter is to be checked for shell settlement. The minimum number of
equally spaced settlement points to be checked will be ______?
A) 16 B) 20 C) 24 D) 12
Answer: A (Reference: API 653, Section 12.5 & Annex B) The minimum number of elevation
points shall be as indicated by the following equation:

Where N = minimum required number of settlement measurement points, but no

less than eight. All values shall be rounded to the next higher whole number. Maximum
spacing between settlement measurement points shall be 32 ft; D is the tank diameter, in feet
(ft).
14b. A tank of 50 feet diameter is to be checked for shell settlement. The minimum number of
equally spaced settlement points to be checked will be ______?
A) 5 B) 8 C) 12 D) 24
Answer: B (Reference: API 653, Section 12.5 & Annex B)

API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)

15. For a tank made by reconstruction, under what circumstances may a new shell-to-bottom
weld be exempt from hydrostatic testing?
A) When a root pass is visually inspected & a final weld is fully examined (Visual & RT)
B) Reconstructed tanks are NEVER exempted from hydrostatic testing.
C) When a root pass is visually inspected & a final weld is fully examined, (Visual & Vac Box)
D) When a welding method has been reviewed/approved by an engineer experienced in tank
design in accordance with API Standard 650.
Answer: B (Reference: 12.3.1.a)
16. In atmospheric conditions, bottom coatings may be applied if the steel temperature is:
A) 2°F above dew point
B) 5°F below dew point
C) 10°F above dew point
D) At the dew point (same as the dew point temperature)
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
17. Procedure qualification for welding during repair of tanks is done in accordance with:
A) AWS D1.1 B) API 1104 C) ASME Section IX D) All of these
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
18. Widely scattered pits may be ignored under the following condition:
A) Where the service fluid is corrosive or hard to hold.
B) If the sum of the pit lengths along any 8 inches vertical line does not exceed 2 inches.
C) When no pit has a depth which results in the minimum thickness being less than one-half the
minimum acceptable thickness of the shell plate exclusive of corrosion allowance.
D) Both “B” and “C” are correct
Answer: D (Reference: API 653, Para. 4.3.2.2 & Figure 4.2 … Add d1 + d2 + d3)
19. For verification of radiographic sensitivity & image quality, which of the following is used?
A) Cassettes B) Penetrameters C) Cameras D) Collimators
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
20. Internal corrosion in the vapor space above liquid level occurs due to:
A) H2S Vapor B) Water vapor C) Oxygen D) Any of these
Answer: D (Reference: ?)
21. API 650, App. M gives requirements for tanks designed to operate at this temperature:
A) Above 260°C B) Above 90°C – 260°C C) Below 90°C D) Below 0°C
Answer: B (Reference: ?)

API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)

22. For a reconstructed tank as per API 653 Verticality (out-of-plumbness) at the top of the
shell should not exceed what fraction of total tank height?
A) 1/300 B) 1/250 C) 1/400 D) None of these
Answer: D (Reference: API 653, Para. 10.5 … Use 1/100 value to determine answer with note
that a maximum rule of 5 inches applies!!!!)
23. When linings are applied to the bottom on the inside of a tank, linings should extend a
minimum of __________ (how many) inches up the shell.
A) 6 inches min B) 12 inches min C) 18 inches min D) 3 inches min
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
24. Hot taps can be performed on:
A) Shell vapor space B) On the roof C) In shell below liquid level D) Anywhere
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
25. A radiograph was having density near the penetrameter equal to 3.0. The acceptable
density range of the radiograph is:
A) 1.7 to 4 B) 2.55 to 3.9 C) 2.0 to 4.0 D) None or the preceding
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
26. The examiner for conducting magnetic particle testing on the tank welds should be:
A) Qualified as an ASNT Level II or III B) Able to read a Jaeger – 2
C) Qualified as per ASME Section V D) None of these
Answer: A (Reference: ?)
27. In atmospheric conditions, grit blasting can be done at a temperature of at least:
A) 2°F above the dew point B) 5°F below the dew point
C) 5°F above the dew point D) At the dew point
Answer: B??????? (Reference: ?)
28. How many equally spaced measurements are required for the thickness averaging
technique?
A) 2 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3
Answer: D (Reference: ?)
29. How many specimens are required for impact tests from a single test coupon or test
location
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
30. Hydrostatic tests should be held for ______ hours for the reconstructed tank.
A) 2 B) 8 C) 24 D) 72
Answer: C (Reference: ?)

API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)

31. In a radiographic film of a weld, how is back scatter checked?
A) By use of a penetrameter B) By film density
C) Using lead letter “B” C) All of the preceding
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
32. In general, if shell thickness does not exceed ___ inches, it does not require further
assessment for brittle fracture:
A) 0.25 B) 0.75 C) 1.00 D) 0.50
Answer: D (Reference: API 653, Section 5.3.5, Step 4)
33. Potential for brittle fracture exists for tanks constructed according to API 650, ___ Edition:
A) 7th edition B) Latest edition C) 4th edition D) None of these
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
34. Three types of external inspections are:
A) Scheduled, routine & liquid Penetrant.
B) Scheduled, routine & UT thickness.
C) Scheduled out of service, routine & UT thickness.
D) Unscheduled, routine & Liquid Penetrant.
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
35. Welders qualifications should expire if they do not weld:
A) Within a given process for a 6 month period.
B) Using a given procedure for a 6 month period.
C) On a tank for 6 months.
D) For a 3 month period.
Answer: A (Reference: ?)
36. What are penetrameters used for:
A) Radiographic technique that serves as an image quality indicator.
B) It indicates the magnetic properties of the materials.
C) To check Penetrant quality in PT inspection.
D) To check weld penetration during welding.
Answer: A (Reference: ?)
37. Unless otherwise agreed to by the purchaser, what is the minimum nominal width of a shell
plate (per … code???????????)?
A) 36 inches B) 48 inches c) 72 inches D) 96 inches
Answer: C (Reference: ?)

API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)

38. “Each vertical weld must be radiographed (either spot or full RT) for the bottom shell
course (Course no. 1) for all tanks constructed to current “API 650 Basic Standard”. This
statement:
A) Is false
B) Is true
C) Could be A or B above depending on shell thickness.
D) Could be A or B above depending on the tank design engineer’s opinion.
Answer: A (Reference: ?)
39. According to ASME Sec. IX, welding filler metals are grouped into groupings (based on their
usability) as:
A) P-numbers B) F-numbers C) Z-numbers D) ASTM spec.
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
40. When reviewing a radiograph, a light image of the letter “B” can be seen on the film with
dark background.
A) This is cause for rejection. B) This is not cause for rejection.
C) This is the same as a light letter “B”. D) Unusual safety hazard existed during exposure.
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
41. Which of the following penetrant system is generally considered least sensitive?
A) Water washable – visible dye B) Solvent removable – visible dye
C) Water washable – fluorescent dye C) Post-emulsification – visible dye
Answer: A (Reference: ?)
42. The nondestructive examination method to be used for a particular inspection should be
determined by the:
A) Availability of certified NDE examiners B) Length of time since the last inspection.
C) Age of the component to be inspected. D) Type, location & orientation of expected flaws.
Answer: D (Reference: ?)
43. Out of the following four options in LPT< most sensitive results can be obtained by:
A) Visible penetrant – water washable B) Fluorescent penetrant – post emulsifying type
C) Visible – solvent removable type D) Visible – post emulsifying type
Answer: B (Reference: ?)
44. Minimum thickness evaluation may be conducted by?
A) Use of an external micrometer only B) Ultrasonic testing
C) D.P. checks D) None of the these are correct
Answer: B (Reference: ?)

API 653 Exam Questions … FINAL EXAM (50 Questions)

45. A PQR was qualified in 5G position using a new welder. But production welding is to be
done in 2G position. Which of the following are applicable as a minimum?
A) Both procedure and welder should be re-qualified in 2G position.
B) The qualified procedure can be used only when welder needs to be re-qualified.
C) The welder is qualified, but the procedure needs re-qualification.
D) Both procedure and welder not be re-qualified.
Answer: A (Reference: ?)
46. For procedure qualification documentation:
A) WPS gives the procedure test data and results of tensile/bend test.
B) PQR gives ranges qualified by procedure test.
C) PQR gives procedure test data and WPS gives ranges qualified.
D) WPS and PQR both give test data and range qualified.
Answer: C (Reference: ?)
47. Identify the correct statement from the following:
A) Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure occurs at or above
Specified Minimum Tensile Strength (SMTS) of base metal.
B) Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed only if base metal failure occurs above
SMTS of base metal.
C) Tensile test for procedure qualification is passed even if weld metal failure occurs above 95%
of SMTS of base metal.
D) None of the above.
Answer: D (Reference: ?)
48. When using radiographs to qualify welder, the acceptance standards used are found in:
A) ASME V B) ASME IX C) ASME VIII D) The referencing code
Answer: D (Reference: ?)
49. An RBI assessment can be used to alter the internal inspection strategy provided:
A) RBI is performed considering likelihood of failure and consequence of failure.
B) The RBI is fully documented.
C) A third party conducts the RBI.
D) Both “A” and “B”.
Answer: D (Reference: API 653, Para. 6.4.2.4 … Last Paragraph)
50. You are reviewing a WPQ for a welder. The test results indicate the following:
A) Satisfactory side bend B) Face bend satisfactory C) Visual satisfactory
Will these tests qualify the welder?
A) Yes B) No, because bend tests are not correct types.
C) Not enough information given. D) No, because RT is essential for welder qualification.
Answer: C (Reference: ?)

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS

OPEN BOOK PORTION - API 653
Are you ready to “dance with the devil” in the pale moonlight!!! … Exam Cram!!!
1. Liquid penetrant examination method is an effective means for detecting _______________.
A) Internal discontinuities of a weld
B) Surface discontinuities of a weld
C) Both internal and surface discontinuities of a weld
D) Sub-surface discontinuities of a weld
Answer: B (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
2. A WPS is a written qualified welding procedure prepared to _______________.
A) Provide direction for making production welds to Code requirements
B) Provide direction for the welder to make temporary welds
C) Provide direction for the inspector for inspection of the welds
D) Provide direction for the welder to use as a general guideline
Answer: A (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
3. Welding in the 3G position qualifies a welder in what positions?
A) Flat & horizontal B) Horizontal & vertical C) Flat & vertical D) Vertical & overhead
Answer: C (Reference … ASME IX, Article ?, T-?)
4. Which of the following is an essential variable for the WPS?
A) A change in groove design B) A change in backing
C) A change in post-weld heat treatment D) A change in electrode angle
Answer: C (Reference … ASME IX, Article ?, T-?)
5. A welder may be qualified by RT if _______________.
A) The welder uses SMAW B) The welder uses GMAW Short Circuiting mode
C) The welder uses GMAW Short Circuiting mode root pass with SMAW fill and reinforcement
D) The welder obtains approval from the inspector.
Answer: A (Reference … ASME IX, Article ?, T-?)
6. A peripheral seal on an internal floating roof should be designed to accommodate ________
of local deviation between the floating roof and the shell. What determines this deviation?
A) Manufacturer’s standard B) +/- 4 inches C) =/- ½ inch D) Inspector’s experience
Answer: B (Reference … API … ???)
7. What is the maximum allowable prod spacing using an AC prod technique?
A) ½ inch B) 8 inches C) 10 inches D) No spacing required
Answer: B (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

8. Welders that weld tank shell vertical joints should be qualified in accordance with _______.
A) API 1104 B) ASME V C) ASME IX D) AWS D1.1
Answer: C (Reference … API ?, T-?)
9. Geometric unsharpness of a radiograph of component under 2” thick should not exceed
____.
A) 0.020 B) 0.030 C) 0.040 D) 0.050
Answer: A (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
10. For measuring the thickness of materials using the contact pulse-echo method,
temperatures are not to exceed _______________.
A) 200°F B) 93°C C) Both A & B D) 50°F
Answer: C (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
11. Each piece of magnetizing equipment should be calibrated _______________.
A) At the beginning of each shift
B) At least once a year or whenever the equipment has been subject to major electrical repair
C) Whenever the technician feels like it
D) At least once every 90 days
Answer: B (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
12. During calibration of an ammeter the unit should not deviate by more than ___ of full scale.
A) 10% B) 20% C) 30% D) 40%
Answer: A (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
13. An inspector is evaluating a radiograph. If a bright white image of a “B” appears on a darker
background of the radiograph, then the radiograph should _______________.
A) Be considered unacceptable B) Not be rejected due to backscatter
C) Have image “B” to identify the welder D) Have image “B” to identify the weld
Answer: A (Reference … ASME V, Article ?, T-?)
14. Ultrasonic examination of hot tap connections or reinforcement is required by API 653 ___.
A) In lieu of radiographic testing B) When searching for weld flaws
C) When searching for laminations D) When requested by the welder
Answer: C (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
15. During an internal inspection of a tank, pitting measuring 0.30 inches deep was found in the
shell (0.625 thickness). The required thickness of the shell in this area is 0.5 inches. Based on
the above information should a repair be made?
A) Yes B) No C) At the inspector’s option D) At the Repair contractor’s option
Answer: B? (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

THE FOLLOWING GIVEN INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 16 to 25:

GIVEN: Inspection is required on an Aboveground Storage Tank.

HEIGHT = 24 feet, FILL HEIGHT = 22 feet, DIAMETER = 94 feet
SERVICE (WATER STORAGE), FOUNDATION TYPE (EARTH) There is 1
area of general internal corrosion on the shell south side measuring
20 inches wide and 20 inches in vertical length.
There is evidence of bottom settlement.
16. Using the given information, Calculate min thickness of first course based on product alone.
A) 1.175 inches B) 0.228 inches C) 0.551 inches D) 0.217 inches
Answer: D? (Reference … API 653, Para. ?) Show the work:
17. Using the given information, Calculate the minimum thickness for the third course,
assuming that each course is 4 feet in height.
A) .122 inches B) .100 inches C) .275 inches D) .132 inches
Answer: A (Reference … API 653, Para. ?) Show the work:
18. Using the given information, Calculate the “L” length for an area of general corrosion found
at 10 feet from the bottom on the south side of the shell. Assume that T2 = 125 inches!
A) 40 inches B) 12.68 inches C) 6.80 inches D) 11.75 inches
Answer: B (Reference … API 653, Para. ?) Show the work:
19. Using the given information, there are three pits aligned vertically on the north side of the
tank, in the first course. Individual pit diameters are 1.250, 1.00, and .500 inches in length along
a vertical line that is 8 inches long. Assume pit depths are slightly less than one-half minimum
acceptable tank shell thickness, exclusive of the corrosion allowance. What must Inspector do?
A) Based on the pit vertical alignment, no repair is required and Inspector will accept the pitting
B) Because these are scattered pits, they may be ignored per code & Inspector will accept
pitting
C) Only if the pit is determined to be round, it may be ignored & Inspector will accept pitting
D) A repair is required … Answer: ??? (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
20. Using the given information, three pits scattered circumferentially are located on the west
side of the tank 18 inches from the bottom. Pits measure .500, .477 & .732 inches in diameter.
Assume pit depths are exactly one-half minimum acceptable tank shell thickness, exclusive of
the corrosion allowance. What must Inspector do? (Discussion … real world = we do the repair)
A) Scattered circumferential pits require no repair in this case B) All pits may be ignored.
C) If the pits are round, they may be ignored. D) A repair is required.
Answer: A (Reference … API 653, Para. ?) … No repair is required because of pit depth

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

THE FOLLOWING GIVEN INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 16 to 25:

GIVEN: Inspection is required on an Aboveground Storage Tank.

HEIGHT = 24 feet, FILL HEIGHT = 22 feet, DIAMETER = 94 feet
SERVICE (WATER STORAGE), FOUNDATION TYPE (EARTH) There is 1
area of general internal corrosion on the shell south side measuring
20 inches wide and 20 inches in vertical length.
There is evidence of bottom settlement.
21. Using the given information, a bulge is found on the tank floor, the diameter of the bulge is
30 inches. What is the maximum permissible height for this bulge on the floor?
A) 11.1 inches B) 5.55 inches C) 0.962 inches D) 1.11 inches
Answer: B (Reference … API 653, Para. B.3.3 & Formula)
22. Using the given information, an area of edge settlement in the tank bottom 6 inches from
the shell has sloped downward and settled. The settlement measures 2 inches at the deepest
point. The bottom tap welds are approximately parallel to the shell. What must the Inspector
do?
A) Recommend a more rigorous stress analysis.
B) Recommend that the area be repaired ASAP.
C) Since sloped edge settlement is usually no problem, the Inspector can accept it and move on.
D) Document the settled area carefully and recheck the settlement during the next inspection.
Answer: D (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
23. Using the given information, what is hydrostatic test height of this tank based on a
minimum thickness found in question 16 (First question for this given tank), as the controlling
thickness?
A) 24 feet B) 34.2 feet C) 18.6 feet D) Not enough info is given
Answer: A (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
24. Using the given information, a depression is noted on a section of bottom near the middle
east quadrant measuring .625 inches deep (diameter = 36 in). Should a repair be
recommended?
A) Tank holds water, no problem B) Yes C) No (all services) D) Not enough info given
Answer: B (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
25. Using the given information, if the maximum liquid level (22 feet fill height was given) in
the tank were to be lowered by 5 feet (Fill Height now = 17 feet), what is the minimum
thickness now required for the first course?
A) 1.73 inches B) .166 inches C) .200 inches D) No change from original design “t”
Answer: B (Reference … API 653, Para. ?) Show the work:

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

THE FOLLOWING GIVEN INFORMATION APPLIES TO QUESTIONS 26 & 27:

GIVEN: Or = 10 years … RTbc = .200 inches …

RTip = .190 inches … StPr = .002 inches … UPr = .010 inches
DETERMINE MIN THICKNESS FOR TANK BOTTOM PLATE!
26. Using given data from above, calculate MRT (metal loss from bottom side corrosion).
A) .250 inches B) .070 inches C) .002 inches D) .080 inches
Answer: D (Reference … API 653, Para. 4.4.5)
Show the work: MRT = (Minimum of RTbc or RTip) – Or (StPr + UPr)
27. Using given data from above, calculate MRT (metal loss from internal corrosion).
A) .250 B) .070 C) .002 D) .080
Answer: B (Reference … API 653, Para. 4.4.5)
Show the work: MRT = (Minimum of RTbc or RTip) – Or (StPr + UPr)
28. Weld ripples of reinforcement of butt-welded joints should be _________ before RT.
A) Removed in all cases B) Ground flush (grinding parallel to weld)
C) Removed if ripples can mask the flaws C) Ground flush (grinding perpendicular to weld)
Answer: C (Reference … ASME V, Article ? )
29. What is the hydrostatic test height of an in-service welded Aboveground Storage Tank built
to API 650, 8th Edition, having an 82 feet diameter, 40 feet height, with a minimum first course
thickness of 0.197 inches and material of construction is A-516, Gr. 70 (A 516M Grade 485).
A) 40 feet B) 36 feet, 2 inches C) 32 feet, 8 inches D) 31 feet, 6 inches
Answer: D (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
30. Regarding Radiography, for a single wall material thickness, over 0.375 thru 0.50 inches,
what is the hole-type designation for a source side penetrameter?
A) 15 B) 17 C) 20 D) 25
Answer: B (Reference … ASME V, Article ? )
31. The temperature range to conduct a standard technique liquid penetrant examination is:
A) 50°F to 135°F B) 50°F to 125°F C) 70°F to 115°F D) 50°F to 80°F
Answer: B (Reference … ASME V, Article ? )
32. During an MT examination, _______________ should be performed on each area.
A) 100% coverage at required sensitivity B) Calibration of each piece of magnetizing equip
C) At least three separate examinations D) Prod spacing of at least 10”
Answer: A (Reference … ASME V, Article ? )

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

33. An AC yoke should have a lifting power of at least _______________.
A) 5 pounds B) 8 pounds C) 10 pounds D) 40 pounds
Answer: C (Reference … ASME V, Article ? )
34. A DC yoke should have a lifting power of at least _______________.
A) 5 pounds B) 8 pounds C) 10 pounds D) 40 pounds
Answer: D (Reference … ASME V, Article ? )
35. A tank is to hold a product with Specific Gravity of 1.05 g/cm³. Corrosion allowance is
0.100 inches. The thickness of the first course is 1.25 inches, and Hydrostatic test stress = 26
ksi. Which of these thicknesses must be selected for a new annular plate? NOTE: Include C.A.
A) .312 (5/16”) B) .343 (11/32”) C) .375 (3/8”) D) .500 (1/2”)
Answer: C (Reference … API 653 Section 4.4.6.3 🡪 API 650 Table 5-1 & Para. 5.5.3 (CA)
Show work: Table 5.1.b Row 3 (≤ 1.25) & Col (≤ 27,000): 0.236 + 0.100 = .336 🡪 Use 11/32
36. A leak is noted 1 ½ inches away from the shell-to-bottom weld in the floor of an existing
welded tank. The hole in the floor is 4 inches in diameter. What type of repair, in compliance
with API 653, 3rd Edition, should be made?
A) Use RBI. Since the product might not contaminate soil or waterways, no repair is required.
B) Weld build-up the area.
C) Install tombstone welded-on patch plate intersecting shell-to-bottom joint at about 90
degrees
D) Install a non-welded patch plate and fiberglass/epoxy to coat the area.
Answer: C (Reference … API 653, Para. ? )
37. Using the SMAW process while welding on a new tank per API 650, a welder changed from
an F#4 electrode to an F#3 electrode and the inspector saw him do this. Is this allowed, or does
the procedure now need to be re-qualified?
A) Yes, this is allowed by ASME IX B) No, this is not allowed
C) May be allowed if low hydrogen electrodes are used D) API 650 allows this change
Answer: A (Reference … API 650 or ASME IX, Para. ? )
38. During a welder qualification test for plate coupons, all surfaces except areas designated
“discard” should ______________.
A) Show complete joint penetration with complete fusion of weld metal and base metal
B) Show no more than 1/32 inch inadequate penetration
C) Show no more than 1/32 inch non-fusion
D) Be allowed one 5/32 inch crater crack
Answer: A (Reference … ASME IX, Para. ? )

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

39. What is the hydrostatic test thickness for a new tank whose diameter is 150 feet and has a
fill height of 40 feet with a shell material of A36M?
A) 0.655 B) 0.611 C) 0.563 D) 0.500
Answer: B (Reference … API 650, Para. 8.1.3.4)
40. In order to comply with API 650, the finished surface weld reinforcement on a plate that is
0.500 inches thick in a horizontal butt joint may have a reasonably uniform crown that does not
exceed ____ inches, for the purpose of radiographic examination.
A) 3/32 in or 2.5 mm B) 1/8 in or 3 mm D) 1/16 in or 1.5 mm D) None of these
Answer: C (Reference … API 650, Para. 8.1.3.4)
41. If piping near the tank enters the ground, soil should be excavated ___ inches for
inspection.
A) 1 – 3 B) 3 – 6 C) 6 – 12 D) Piping is not addressed by API 653
Answer: C (Reference … API 653, Para. ?)
42. Regarding pontoon design (Assume a product specific gravity of 0.7 & primary drains are
inoperative), floating roofs on new tanks must be sufficiently buoyant to remain floating after:
A) 15 inches of rain in a 24-hour period B) 10 inches of rain in a 24-hour period
C) 30 inches of snow in a 24-hour period D) Thirty inches of sand in a 24-hour period
Answer: B (Reference … API 650, Para. C.3.4.1)
43. A sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied stress) where the material exhibits
little or no evidence of ductility or plastic deformation is called _______________?
A) Brittle fracture B) Cavitation C) Atmospheric corrosion D) Caustic corrosion
Answer: A (Reference … API 571, Para. 4.2.7.1, Page 4 - 19) … Expect similar questions for all
API 571 mechanisms listed in the training module
44. Regarding Tank Bottom Examiners, each floor scanning operator who only use the bottom
scanning equipment should receive a minimum of _________ hours of training.
A) 8 B) 12 C) 20 D) 40
Answer: D (Reference … API 653, Para. G.4.4) … See G.4.9 for 6 month & 12 month rules
45. Variables in the procedure that can be changed without having to re-qualify the procedure
and/or the scanning operators are _______________.
A) Essential variables
B) Non-essential variables
C) Qualification tests
D) TBEQ
Answer: B (Reference … API 653, Para. G.2.5 Definitions) … expect other definitions here!

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Open Book Portion

QUESTIONS 46 – 50 APPLY TO THE WPS/PQR EXAMPLE GIVEN (HANDOUT):
Assume that only the SMAW Process & 1 PQR will be used!

46. What is the root face limitation as listed on the attached WPS and PQR?
A) 3/32 inch B) 1/8 inch C) No limits exist D) This information is not designated
Answer: D (Reference API 577, Para. 6.4.1.h Joint Design Info & Appendix C Example)
47. If the supporting PQR is used, are the P-numbers correct on the attached WPS?
A) Yes B) No C) Maybe, if properly preheated D) Not enough information
Answer: B (Reference API 577, Para. 7.2 & Appendix C Example)
48. Is the base material thickness range* on the WPS supported by the PQR?
A) Yes B) No, because re-qualification is required by API 570
C) No D) No, because re-qualification is required by ASME V
Answer: C (Ref: API 577, Para. 6.4.1. j & ASME IX, QW-403 & Appendix C Example)
*Is the deposited filler metal thickness range on WPS supported by PQR? See API 577, Para.
6.4.1.q & ASME IX, QW-404 & Appendix C Example … Be prepared for this also!
49. Is the attached PQR properly qualified based on tensile test requirements for the material?
A) No, because there are not enough tensile tests as required by Table QW-451
B) No, because tensile test values do not meet ASME IX Table QW-422 ksi base metal values
C) Yes, because tensile test values per QW-153.1.d are allowed to be 5% under Table QW-422
values when the specimen breaks in the base metal (not in the weld metal)
D) Yes, because tensile test values meet ASME IX Table QW-422 ksi base metal values
Ans: B (Ref: API 577, Page 83 & APP. C, ASME IX, QW-150, QW-153, & Table QW-451)
50. What are correct number & type of guided bend tests required on PQR for 12mm test
plate?
A) 2 face & 2 root bends per Table QW-451 B) 4 side bends are allowed by QW-451 Note 5
C) Both A & B are correct & maximum allowed defect open to the surface is 5mm per QW-163
D) Both A & B are correct & maximum allowed defect open to the surface is 3mm per QW-163
Ans: D (Ref: API 577, Page 83 & APP. C, ASME IX, QW-160, QW-163, & Table QW-451)
THIS WORK REQUIRES CLOSE REVIEW OF ALL REFERENCES

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS

CLOSED BOOK PORTION - API 653
Are you ready to “dance with the devil” in the pale moonlight!!! … Exam Cram!!!
51. Who has the ultimate responsibility for complying with the provisions of API Standard 653?
A) API B) Owner/operator C) Inspector D) Contractor/
builder
Answer: B (Reference API 653, Para. 1.2)
52. If cracks are suspected in nozzles or nozzle welds they should be checked by ___________.
A) Ultrasonic digital thickness gauge B) MT or PT examination
C) Eddy current testing D) Infra-red thermography
Answer: B (Reference API 575???, Para. ?)
53. Localized corrosion due to the concentration of caustic or alkaline salts is?
A) Erosion B) Brittle fracture C) Caustic corrosion D) Phase failure
Answer: C (Reference API 571 & 575???, Para. ?)
54. Per API 653, tanks should have a formal visual inspection once every _________ years or by
using the formula RCA ÷ 4N years, whichever is less. Inspection interval question
A) Three B) Four C) Five D) Seven
Answer: C (Reference API 653, Para. 6.3.2)
55. Monthly visual inspections on external condition of in-service tanks may be performed by:
A) API 653 inspectors B) Owner/operator personnel C) NDE technicians D) Plant managers
Answer: B (Reference API 653, Para. ?)
56. The critical zone for repairs to tank bottoms is that portion of the bottom or annular plate
within ___ inches of the inside edge of the shell, as measured radially inward.
A) 3 B) 6 C) 12 D) 24
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 3.10 Definitions)
57. On a fixed-type roof, planks long enough to span at least _________ roof rafters should be
laid and used as walkways.
A) None allowed B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
Answer: C (Reference API 65?, Para. ?)
58. Cathodic protection surveys are recommended to ensure the effectiveness of cathodic
protection. How often should this survey be done?
A) Every 10 years B) Every time tank is empty C) Annually D) Semi-annually
Answer: C (Reference API 65?, Para. ?)
59. The deflection of an arc from its normal path because of magnetic forces is ____________.
A) arc blow B) arc length C) arc strike D) arc angle
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 3.3 Definitions)
60. During the reconstruction of a tank shell, welding operator, welders and welding
procedures must be qualified in accordance with _______________.
A) API 650 B) ASME V C) ASME IX D) API 1104
Answer: C (Reference API 653, Para. 11.1.1)
61. Upon completion (of construction of the entire tank), the roof of a tank designed to be gas
tight should be tested by which one of the following methods?
A) Magnetic particle testing of all welds.
B) Application of internal air pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof plates and applying
a solution suitable for the detection of leaks.
C) Penetrant testing the weld joints.
D) Visual inspection of the weld joints.
Answer: B (Reference API 650, Para. 7.3.7.1)
62. Per API 653, roof plates corroded to an average thickness of ____ inches in any 100 square
inch area should be repaired or replaced.
A) Less than 0.09 inches B) 0.09 inches C) Greater than 0.09 inches D) None of these
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 4.2.1.2)
63. A fusion weld made without filler metal is _______________.
A) Brazing B) SMAW weld C) Autogenous weld D) SAW weld
Answer: C (Reference API 577, Para. 3.7)
64. Each welder making welds on a tank should be certified by _______________.
A) Erection/Fabrication manufacturer B) Purchaser
C) Nuclear Regulatory Commission D) Certified inspector
Answer: A (Reference API 650, Para. 9.2.1.1)
65. A discontinuity with a length substantially greater than its width is a _____ discontinuity.
A) Rounded B) Linear C) Non-linear D) Rejectable detect
Answer: B (Reference API 577, Para. 3.39 … Also ASME V covers this topic)
66. A form of corrosion that occurs from moisture associated with atmospheric conditions is:
A) Brittle fracture B) Caustic corrosion C) Stress cracking D) Atmospheric corrosion
Answer: D (Reference API 571, Para. 4.3.2 on Page 4-69)
67. Which of the following tank roof types are used to reduce filling and breathing loss by
eliminating vapor space?
A) Cone roof tank B) Umbrella-roof tank C) Vapor-dome roof tank D) Floating roof tank
Answer: D (Reference API 575, Para. 4.2.3 Third Paragraph)
68. Per API 650, external floating roof deck plates having support leg or other rigid
penetrations closer than _ inches to lap weld seams must be full fillet welded not less than 2
inches on 10 inch centers. And, as a minimum, three fillet welds shall be made.
A) 6 B) 12 C) 14 D) 18
Answer: B (Reference API 650, Section 3.3 on Decks, Para. C.3.3.3)
69. Soil foundation pads that have washed out or settled under the bottoms of atmospheric
storage tanks can be repaired by pumping _________ under the tank. Material can be pumped
through holes cut in the tank bottom. In some cases, it may be necessary to jack up the tank.
A) Sand B) Drilling mud or clayC) Lean concrete D) Any of these can be used
Answer: D (Reference API 575, Para. 9.3 Third Paragraph)
70. When corrosion rates are not known and similar service experience is not available, the
actual bottom thickness should be determined by inspections within the next _________
year(s) of tank operation to establish corrosion rates.
A) five B) ten C) three D) one
Answer: B (Reference API 653, Para. 6.4.2) … Study Inspection Intervals carefully!!!
71. The mechanical working of metals using impact blows is referred to as _______________.
A) Inclusion B) Corrosion C) Fatigue D) Peening
Answer: D (Reference API 577, Para. 3.45)
72. Calcining can occur when concrete has been exposed to _______________.
A) Chemical attack B) Sulfate-type alkalis C) Chlorides D) High temperature
Answer: D (Reference API 653, Para. 4.5.1.2) … Study all 5 mechanisms carefully!!!
73. A contributing factor for determining internal inspection intervals should be time, not to
exceed ______ years for any reason, if an RBI program is not in place.
A) 10 B) 5 C) 20 D) 15

Answer: C (Reference API 653, Para. 6.4.2.2 & Table) … Study Table & Notes carefully!!!

74. Upon completion of welding of the new tank bottom, the welds may be inspected by which
of the following methods?
A) Radiographs B) Vacuum-box test C) Tracer Gas test D) B or C is correct
Answer: D (Reference API 650, Para. 7.3.3 … See also Para. 8.6 & 8.11 for these tests)
75. The junction of the weld face and the base metal is the _______________?
A) Heat affected zone B) Weld toe C) Stress riser D) Dilution zone
Answer: D (Reference API 577, Para. 3.70) … Know your welding definitions
76. Regarding reconstructed tank materials, tank shell plates or bottom plates to be welded to
the shell that do not have proper identification should be subjected to:
A) Chemical analysis B) Mechanical Tests C) Both A & B D) None of these
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 7.3.1.2)
77. Regarding reconstructed tank materials, for known materials, all shell plates and bottom
plates welded to the tank shell should meet, as a minimum, chemistry and mechanical
properties of materials specified for the application with regard to thickness and design metal
temperature, per _______________ requirements.
A) ASM B) ASME C) API 650 D) ASTM A-1
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 7.3.1.3)
78. An assembly whose component parts are joined by welding is a _______________.
A) Spool piece B) Weldment C) Weld Joint D) Groove weld
Answer: B (Reference API 577, Para. 3.67) … Know your welding definitions
79. _______ identifies a procedure for installing a nozzle in the shell of a tank that is in service.
A) Repair B) Alteration C) Hot Tap D) Reconstruction
Answer: C (Reference API 577, Para. 11.2 & API 653, Para. 9.14.1.1*) *Note Table 9.1
80. Annular bottom plates should have a radial width that provides at least ______ inches
between the inside of the shell and any lap-welded joint in the remainder of the bottom.
A) 10 B) 30 C) 24 D) 18
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 5.5.2) … It is about API 650, not API 653
81. What action should be taken after a flat spot is discovered in the second course of an
existing 200 foot diameter Aboveground Storage Tank?
A) Shell distortion should be evaluated. B) The area should be cut out and replaced.
C) Since no product is leaking, ignore it. D) The inspector has the option to repair or ignore.
Ans: A (API 653, Sect. 10.5, Par. 10.5.2, 10.5.3* & Table 10.2**) … **+/- 1.25 in tolerance
*Note: Radius tolerances measured higher than one foot above the shell-to-bottom weld shall
not exceed three times the tolerances given in Table 10.2 … therefore tolerance = 3.75 inches
82. Routine in-service visual inspections of the external condition of the tank should not
exceed:
A) One month B) Six months C) One year D) Five years
Ans: A (API 653, Para. 6.3.1.2) … and this can be done by owner/operator personnel, and can
be done by other than authorized inspectors. Personnel performing this inspection should be
knowledgeable in storage facility operations, the tank, & the characteristics of the product
stored.
83. A separation at the joint root between the work pieces is referred to as a
_______________.
A) Gap B) Root face C) Root edge D) Root opening
Answer: D (Reference API 577, Para. 3.52) … Know your welding definitions
84. Minimum thickness for a tank bottom plate when there is no means of leak detection and
containment is _________ inch.
A) .10 B) .075 C) .15 D) .05
Ans: A (API 653, Para. 4.4.5.3 & Table 4.4) … Note Para. 4.4.5.4 for Critical Zone reqm’t
85. UT thickness measurements on existing tank shells are to be taken at intervals not
exceeding
A) Five years (If the Corrosion rate = unknown)
B) The Lesser value of RCA ÷ 2N or 15 years (If the Corrosion rate = known)
C) Fifteen years (If the Corrosion rate = known)
D) Only A & B are correct
Ans: D (API 653, Para. 6.3.3.2) … Two conditions apply (Corrosion rate known, unknown)
86. Cavity-type discontinuities formed by gas entrapment during solidification of the weld are:
A) Cracks B) Tungsten inclusion C) Slag D) Porosity
Answer: D (Reference API 577, Para. 3.47) … Know your welding definitions
87. The most likely point for cracking in riveted tanks is located around _______________.
A) Internal piping B) Flanged connections C) Roof seals D) Rivet holes
Answer: D (API 575, Figure 31 & Para. 5.4 … Fourth Paragraph) … Review all Figures
88. The most likely point for leaks in lap welded tank bottoms is located around ____________.
A) Two-plate lap welded joints
B) Three-plate lap welded joints
C) Flanged connections
D) Internal piping
Answer: B (API 575, Para. 5.4 … Third Paragraph) Discuss … The three-plate lap joint!
89. Maximum acceptable undercut of base metal at vertical butt joints is _________ inch.
A) 3/32 B) 1/8 C) 1/64 D) 3/64
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 8.5.1.b) … Be familiar with all Visual requirements
90. To achieve API 653 certification, qualified inspectors should have (education & experience):
A) BS degree in engineering or technology plus one year of experience in supervision or
performance of inspection activities
B) Two-year degree or certificate in engineering or technology plus two years of experience in
the design, construction, repair, inspection, or operation of AG storage tanks, with at least one
year in supervision or performance of inspection activities
C) High school diploma plus three years of experience in design, construction, repair,
inspection, or operation of aboveground storage tanks, with at least one year in supervision or
performance of inspection activities
D) Minimum of five years of experience in design, construction, repair, inspection, or operation
of aboveground storage tanks, with at least one year must be in supervision or performance of
inspection activities.
E) Any of the above are acceptable
Answer: E (Reference API 650, Annex D, Para. D.2.1)
91. On a reconstructed tank, all new shell joints shall be ____________________.
A) Full fillet welded joints with complete fusion
B) Butt-welded joints with complete penetration and complete fusion
C) Lap-welded joints with complete penetration and complete fusion
D) Single groove joints with backing strip
Answer: B (Reference API 653, Para. 8.2.2)
92. A non-metallic product resulting from the mutual dissolution of flux and non-metallic
impurities in some welding processes is _______________.
A) Porosity B) Tungsten Inclusion C) Slag D) Cracking
Answer: C (Reference API 577, Para. 3.54) … Know your welding definitions
93. A double-welded butt weld is a weld joint between _____________.
A) Two abutting parts lying in approximately the same plane.
B) Two abutting parts lying in approximately the same plane that is welded from both sides
C) Two overlapping members in which overlapping edges are welded with fillet welds
D) A fillet weld whose size is equal to the thickness of the thinner joined member
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Section 5, Design, Definitions) … Know basic weld joints
94. All requirements of API 650, Appendix _____, shall be considered before changing the
service of the tank to operation at temperatures above 200°F, but less than 500°F.
A) Appendix M
B) Appendix J
C) Appendix C
D) Appendix K
Answer: A (Reference API 650, Appendix M, Para. M.1.1)
95. Openings in a tank shell larger than required to accommodate a _______ inch flanged or
threaded nozzle shall be reinforced.
A) one inch B) two inch C) three inch D) four inch
Answer: B (Reference API 650, Para. 5.7.2.1)
96. The API 653 Standard employs the principles of ______________.
A) API 650 B) ASME Art. 4C) AWS D1.1 D) API 1104
Answer: A (Ref API 653, Scope Section Para. 1.1.3) … Read Scope Section & be ready
97. Qualification test plates for floor scans, with flaws, should be a minimum of ___ square feet.
A) 20 B) 70 C) 90 D) 150
Answer: B (Ref API 653, Annex G, Para. G.5.1.1)
98. A fracture-type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio of length to width
to opening displacement is referred to as a _______________.
A) Crack B) Slag C) Porosity D) Spatter
Answer: A (Reference API 577, Para. 3.15 Definition of Crack)
99. Per API 653, the acceptability of welds examined by RT shall be judged by standards in:
A) ASME V, Article 7 B) ASME IX, Para. QW-191
C) ASME VIII, Div. 1, Para. UW-51(b) D) API 1104
Answer: C (Reference API 653, Annex F, Para. F.9.2) … Read Annex F & be ready
100. Per API 653, what is the maximum allowed banding (at weld seams) using a vertical 36
inch sweep board?
A) 1 inch B) ½ inch C) 3/8 inch D) None of these
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 10.5.5) … *B is correct per API 650, Para. 7.5.4.b
101. The arrangement of direct current arc welding leads in which the electrode is the negative
pole and the work piece is the positive pole of the welding arc is ______________?
A) DCEN B) DCEP C) AC D) AC/DC
Answer: A (Reference API 577, Para. 3.17 & 3.18)
102. The arrangement of direct current welding leads in which the electrode is the positive
pole and the work piece is the negative pole of the welding arc is ____________.
A) DCEN B) DCEP C) AC D) AC/DC
Answer: B (Reference API 577, Para. 3.17 & 3.18)
103. Any work on a tank that charges its physical dimensions or configuration is considered
a/an:
A) Reconstruction B) Rebuilding C) Reworking D) Alteration
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 3.1 Critical Definitions) … Memorize all Definitions
104. When bottom annular plates are required by Paragraph 3.5.1 of API 650, the radial joints
shall be radiographed. For single-sided welds using a backup bar, one spot radiograph shall be
taken on ____% of the radial joints?
A) 10% B) 30% C) 50% D) 100%
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 8.1.2.9.b) … This reference is found in Appendix T!
105. Per API 650, Para. 7.2.3.1, Plates to be joined by butt welding shall be matched accurately
and retained in position during the welding operation. Misalignment in completed vertical
joints for plates greater than 16 mm (5/8 in.) thick shall not exceed 10% of the plate thickness
or 3 mm (1/8 in.), whichever is less. And, Per API 650, Para. 7.2.3.2, In completed horizontal
butt joints, upper plate shall not project beyond the face of the lower plate at any point by
more than 20% of the thickness of the upper plate, with a maximum projection of 3 mm (1/8
in.). However, upper plates less than 8 mm (5/16 in.) thick, the maximum projection shall be
limited to 1.5 mm (1/16 in.). The upper plate at a horizontal butt joint shall have a 4:1 taper
when its thickness is more than 3 mm (1/8 in.) greater than the lower plate. Misalignment for
plates less than or equal to 16 mm (5/8 in.) thick shall not exceed 1.5 mm (1/16 in.).
Given Situation: You are inspecting a fit-up and must determine the maximum allowable
misalignment for a ¾ inch (19mm) vertical butt weld joint? Mark the correct answer!
A) 10% of the joint thickness
B) 1/16 inch
C) 10% of the joint thickness or 1/8 inch (whichever is the lesser value)
D) 10% of the joint thickness or 1/8 inch (whichever is the greater value)
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 7.2.3.1) … For a 12 mm joint, the answer = “B”
IT IS CERTAIN THIS PARAGRAPH OR PARA. 7.2.3.2 WILL BE ON THE EXAM!
106. Atmospheric storage tanks are those tanks that have been designed to operate in their
gas and vapor spaces at internal pressures which approximate _______________ pressure.
A) 16 to 25 psi B) 12 to 15 psi C) More than 25 psi D) Atmospheric
Answer: D (Reference API 650, SCOPE, Para. 1.1.1)
107. The portion of the groove face within the joint root is called ____________.
A) Land B) Root face C) Stringer bead D) Root pass
Answer: B (Ref API 577, Para. 3.51 Defines Root Face) … Land = slang term for root face
108. Welder identification on roof welds and flange-to-nozzle neck welds shall be __________.
A) Hand or machine stamped
B) Stamped every 3 feet
C) Stamped on top side (each nozzle) & at every 3 feet of roof weld
D) None of these welds require identification per API 650
Answer: D (Reference API 650, Para. 9.4 & API 653, Para. 11.2.2 … Last sentence)
109. Annular bottom plates must extend a minimum of ______ inches outside the tank shell
after being trimmed. And, whenever a low-type reinforcement pad is installed, there must be a
minimum spacing of ______ mm from the toe of the shell to bottom fillet weld to the outside
edge of the annular or bottom plate.
A) 1 ½ inches after being trimmed with a minimum spacing of 13 mm (weld toe to outside
edge)
B) 2 inches after being trimmed with a minimum spacing of 25 mm (weld toe to outside edge)
C) 3 inches after being trimmed with a minimum spacing of 13 mm (weld toe to outside edge)
D) 2 inches after being trimmed with a minimum spacing of 13 mm (weld toe to outside edge)
Answer: D (Reference API 650, Para. 5.4.2 & Para. 5.1.5.7.a/b/c/d)
110. Review API 650, Para. 8.1.2.2, Subparagraphs “D” & “E” below:
D. The butt-weld around the periphery of an insert plate that extends less than the adjacent
shell course height and that contains shell openings (i.e. nozzle, manway, flush-type cleanout,
flush type shell-connection) and their reinforcing elements shall be completely radiographed.
E. The butt-weld around the periphery of an insert plate which extends to match the adjacent
shell course height shall have the vertical and the horizontal butt joints and the intersections of
vertical and horizontal weld joints radiographed using the same rules that apply to the weld
joints in adjacent shell plates in the same shell course. (So … 100% RT may not apply)
Question: For penetrations using insert plates containing multiple shell openings that is fully
contained within a given shell course, what is the extent of Radiography for completed butt
welds between the insert plate and the shell plate?
A) 100% RT B) Spot RT C) MT D) Visual Exam Only
Answer: A (Ref API 650, Para. 8.1.2.2, Utilize Subparagraphs D & E & Interpret the STD)
111. NDE examiners that meet the requirements of ASME Section V, Article 1, are qualified
with ANSI/ASNT CP-189 or ____________.
A) AWS QC-1 B) API 650 C) SNT-TC-1A D) ASNT
Ans: C (Ref ASME V, Article 1, T-120 (e) Subparagraphs 1 & 2) … API NDE Reqmts
Note also API 653, Para. 12.1.1.2 & API 650, Section 2, Page 2 - 2 References for ASNT)
See Appendix T for a summary of NDE qualifications required for MT, PT, UT, RT, etc
112. The maximum operating temperature for tanks constructed to API 650 (not including
appendices where elevated temperatures apply) is _________.
A) 500 degrees F B) 500 degrees C C) 200 degrees F D) 200 degrees C
Answer: C (Ref API 650, SCOPE … Para. 1.1.1)
113. New ____________ for floating roof support legs and for fixed roof support columns shall
be installed when replacing a tank floor.
A) Mud rings B) Leg guides C) Bearing plates D) Support leg pins
Answer: C (Ref API 653, Study Section 9.10.2 … See Para. 9.10.2.2)
114. Where does the new nameplate need to be attached to a reconstructed tank?
A) Adjacent to the existing nameplate (if one exists) on the tank shell
B) No new nameplate needs to be added
C) On the roof at the access point (located so as to be seen clearly)

D) Over the suction piping

Answer: A (Ref API 653, Para. 13.1.2)
115. Per API 653 Para. 6.3.3.2 (b), when the corrosion rate is known, the maximum interval for
UT inspection shall be the smaller of RCA* ÷ 2N years or 15 years. (*RCA is the difference
between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, & N is the
shell corrosion rate in mils per year)
GIVEN: The corrosion rate for an Aboveground Storage Tank is 5 mils per year. Minimum
required thickness is .250 inches, and measured thickness is .400 inches.
Based upon API 653 requirements, when should the next external UT inspection be scheduled?
A) 10 years B) 15 years C) 20 years D) None of these are correct
Answer: B (Ref API 653, Para. 13.1.2)
Show your work: Step 1 … Solve for RCA … .400 - .250 = .150 or 150 mils:
Step 2 … Solve for 2N … 2 x 5 (mils) = 10 mils
Step 3 … RCA ÷ 2N ... 150 (mils) ÷ 10 (mils) = 15 years
Step 4 … Use RCA ÷ 2N or 15 years, WHICHEVER IS SMALLER … As both are 15 years
Answer = 15 years:
116. The shell design thickness for a reconstructed tank is based on the _______________.
A) Original shell thickness
B) Measurements taken within 180 days prior to relocation
C) Measurements taken when the tank was removed from service
D) New product loads
Answer: B (Ref API 653, Section 8, Para. 8.4.1)
117. The maximum design liquid level for a given product to be stored shall be determined by
calculating the maximum design liquid level for each shell course based on _______________.
A) Amount of product needed B) Specific gravity of the product
C) Material coating D) Number of penetrations in the first shell course
Answer: B (Ref API 650, Para. 5.6.3.1/5.6.3.2 & See Formula Values for H & G)

… One formula uses G (Specific Gravity) & one does NOT (because hydrotest water =1)
118. SW is the acronym for what type of welding?
A) Submerged Welding B) Shielded Welding C) Stick Welding D) Stud Welding
Answer: D … API 577, Table of Contents shows all welding process designations
119. You are adding a 6 inch blending nozzle to a bottom shell course that is 5/8” thick. What
is the minimum size (diameter) shell insert plate required when a reinforcement plate will be
used? Assume the shell plate material did not meet the current design metal temperature
criteria!
A) 12” diameter
B) 18” diameter
C) Three times the diameter of the penetration
D) The diameter of the reinforcement plate plus 12”
Answer: D (Ref: API 653, Para. 9.8.6.b) … Discuss!!!
Interpretation of API 653, Section 9.8.6: Penetrations larger than 2 in. NPS shall be installed
with the use of an insert plate if the shell plate thickness is greater than 1/2 in. and the shell
plate material does not meet the current design metal temperature criteria. In addition, the
following requirements shall be met:
a) The minimum diameter of the insert plate shall be at least twice the diameter of the
penetration or the diameter plus 12 in., whichever is greater.
b) When reinforcing plates are used, the minimum diameter of the insert plate shall equal the
diameter of the reinforcing plate plus 12 in.
120. Who is responsible for compliance with the API 650 standards?
A) Manufacturer B) Purchaser C) State Inspector D) API 653 Inspector
Answer: A (Ref API 650, Para. 1.3.1)
121. _______ settlement occurs when the tank shell settles sharply around the tank periphery,
resulting in deformation of the bottom plate.
A) Uniform B) Edge C) Planar tilting D) Tank Bottom
Answer: B (Ref API 653, Annex B, Para. B.2.3.1) Serious review of Annex B and 4 major types
of settlement … Make certain you understand the Figures and types of settlement!
122. Who must review, approve and authorize a waiver of a full hydrostatic test on a tank after
it has major repairs have been completed?
A) Repair has been reviewed/approved by engineer experienced in API 650 storage tank design
and the engineer has concurred in writing with taking the hydrostatic testing exemption
B) The tank owner or operator has authorized the exemption in writing
C) Both A & B are correct
D) None of these are correct, the hydrotest must be performed
Answer: D (Ref API 653, Section 12.3.2, & Para. 12.3.2.2 & all provisions of 12.3.2.1) Serious
review of Section 12.3.1 & 12.3.2 … Make certain you understand this!
123. Which type of tank settlement will rotate the tank in a tilted plane?
A) Uniform B) Rigid Body C) Out-of-Plane D) Differential
Answer: B (Ref API 653, Annex B, Para. B.2.2.2) Serious review of Annex B and 4 major types
of settlement … Make certain you understand the Figures and types of settlement!
124. Due to the fast-freezing* nature (*Heat goes out quickly) of this welding process, there is
potential for lack of sidewall fusion when welding thick wall equipment or a nozzle attachment.
A) SMAW B) GTAW C) FCAW D) GMAW – S (Short Circuiting Transfer)
Answer: D (Ref API 577, Para. 5.4.1) Review the welding processes of API 577
125. The minimum thickness of new roof plates should be ______ inches, plus any corrosion
allowances as specified in the repair specifications.
A) ½ B) 7/8 C) 3/16 D) 3/8
Ans: C (API 650, Par. 5.10.2.2) … shall have a minimum nominal thickness of 5 mm (3/16 in.)
126. Are SI Units allowed in the API 650 Construction Standard (yes or no), and how do we
express 50 mils as ______ inch (es).
A) Yes, API 650 has both SI & US Customary Units, and the answer is .500
B) Yes, API 650 has both SI & US Customary Units, and the answer is .050
C) Yes, API 650 has both SI & US Customary Units, and the answer is .005
D) Yes, API 650 has both SI & US Customary Units, and the answer is .0005
Answer: B (Ref API 650, Para. 1.1.3 regarding SI Units in the code) … Discuss!
127. For replacement of tank bottom floor, what is a suitable non-corrosive material for use
between the old and the new floor?
A) Select fill (soil, dirt, etc)
B) A suitable homogenous non-corrosive material cushion such as sand, gravel or concrete
C) Fiberglass Insulation
D) Whatever those rats at HIDADA put down there … trash, steel scraps, welding rods, etc
Ans: B (Ref API 653, Section 9.10.2* … Then go to Para. 9.10.2.1 & 9.10.2.1.1) … Discuss!
See Also API 651, Section 5.3 & Para. 5.3.2 for sand pad and the basics regarding backfill!
128. According to API 653, the basis for repairs and alterations should be an _______________.
A) API Standard 650 equivalence B) API Standard 2207 equivalence
C) ASME Section V equivalence D) AWS D 1.1 equivalence
Ans: A (Ref API 653, Section 9.1.1)
129. All new reconstructed shell joints should be ____ joints with complete penetration.
A) Butt welded B) Lap welded C) Riveted D) Chemically bonded
Ans: A (Ref API 653, Para. 8.2.2)
130. Given Situation: A new shell plate section was installed in Course 1 creating two vertical
shell welds (new plate to existing plate at each of these vertical welds). How many radiographs
will be required on each of these new vertical shell welds per API 653?
A) The number and location of radiographs shall be per API 650
B) One additional radiograph (in addition to API 650 required radiography) shall be taken in
each vertical joint
C) 100% of the vertical joint
D) No radiographs required
Answer: B (Reference API 653, Para. 12.2.1 and Para. 12.2.1.1)
131. Settlement can result from _______________.
A) Frequent freezing and thawing of the ground
B) Unusually high tides in tidal areas (tsunami, etc)
C) Slow consolidation of the soil in marsh and swamp locations
D) All of the above are causes of settlement
Answer: D (Reference API 575, Para. 5.4 @ Top of Page 19)
132. Per API 653, Storage tanks should be _____ and _____ prior to dismantling and relocation.
A) Water filled and rinsed
B) Drained and cleaned
C) Cleaned and gas-freed
D) Vented and drained
Answer: C (Reference API 653, Para. 10.2) See API Publication 2207 in the API 653 Folder
Critical Note: Gas-freed applies to underneath the tank bottom, where process leaks may
have allowed gas to build up … This is a very explosive combination of gas and pressure!
Discuss!
133. All bottom plates should have a minimum nominal thickness of ____ inches (or 6 mm),
exclusive of any corrosion allowance specified by the purchaser for the bottom plates.
A) .254 inches B) .250 inches C) .236 inches D) None of these = 6 mm
Answer: C (Reference API 650, Para. 5.4.1)
134. _______________ means the work necessary to reassemble a tank that has been
dismantled and relocated to a new site.
A) Reconstruction B) Rebuilding C) Reworking D) Alteration
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 3.22 Definition of Reconstruction & Para. 10.1.1)
135. Repairs should not be attempted on a tank that is filled with _________ or on a tank that
has contained _________ until the tank has been emptied, cleaned & gas-freed in a safe
manner.
A) Nitrogen B) Oil C) Water D) Grain
Answer: B (Reference API 653, Para. 1.4)
136. According to API 653, a full hydrostatic test held for 24 hours should be performed on:
A) New tank
B) In-service tank
C) Reconstructed tank
D) Out-of-service tank
Answer: C (Reference API 653, Para. 12.3.1.a)
137. Misalignment in completed vertical shell joints over 5/8 inch thick should not exceed what
percentage of the plate thickness?
A) 25% with a maximum of 1/16 inch B) 2% with a maximum of 3/64 inch
C) 5% with a maximum of 3/8 inch D) 10% with a maximum of 1/8 inch
Answer: D (Reference API 650, Para. 7.2.3.1)
138. New or altered reinforcing plates of shell penetrations should be given a(n) ________ test
to 15 lbf/in.² in accordance with API Standard 650.
A) Diesel B) Air C) Stress D) Gas
Answer: B (Reference API 650, Appendix T & Para. 7.3.4)
139. Ultrasonic acceptance standards in accordance with API 653 should be _______________.
A) Per ASME Section VIII B) Per ASME Section V
C) Per ASME Section XI C) As agreed on by purchaser & manufacturer
Answer: D (Reference API 653, Annex F, Para. F.4.2 & API 650, Para. 8.3.2.5)
140. Column-based clip guides should be welded to the tank bottom to prevent ____________.
A) Internal erosion B) structural uplifting
C) Lateral movement of column bases D) lateral expansion and contraction
Answer: C (Reference API 653, Para. 4.4.2, Item “ i ” ?) … Discussion on Bottom Failure!
141. Any specific design consideration other than normal product loading should be specified
by:
A) Owner/operator B) Contractor C) Engineer D) Welding foreman
Answer: A (Reference API 650, Para. 1.1.2 and Note about “Bullets”)
142. A(n) _____ is an electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation (corrosion) occurs.
A) Bathode B) Anode C) Cathode D) Electrolyte
Answer: B (Reference API 651, Para. 3.2 … Definitions for CP)
144. A _______________ is a discontinuity in a coating film that exposes the metal surface to
the environment.
A) Lamination B) Surface interruption C) Stress riser D) Holiday
Answer: D (Reference API 652, Para. 3.22 … Definitions for Coatings & Linings)

API 653 EXAM - 150 QUESTIONS … Closed Book Portion

145. _______________ occurs when two metals with different compositions (thus different
electrolytic potentials) are connected in an electrolyte (usually soil).
A) Scattered metal growth
B) Scattered metal blistering
C) Galvanic corrosion
D) Erosion
Answer: C (Reference API 651, Para. 4.2.2 … First Sentence)
146. A Galvanic Cathodic Protection system is a system that _______________.
A) Uses a metal less active than the structure to stop corrosion
B) Uses a metal more active than the structure to stop corrosion
C) Uses a chemical to stop corrosion
D) Uses a coating to stop corrosion
Answer: B (Reference API 651, Para. 6.2.1) 3.26 … Definitions for Galvanic CP )
147. All tanks should be given a formal visual external inspection by an inspector qualified in
accordance with API 653, at least every ______ years or RCA ÷ 4N years, whichever is less. RCA
is the difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in
mils, and N is the shell corrosion rate in mils per year. Tanks may be in operation during this
inspection.
A) 10 B) 15 C) 1 D) 5
Answer: D (Reference API 653, Para. 6.3.2.1)
148. Welding consumables should conform to the ______ classification that is applicable to the
intended use.
A) ASNT B) AWS C) ASME D) API
Answer: B (Reference API 577, Para. 6.4.1.m & Para. 7.4, First Sentence)
149. The rules given in API 653 are _______________ for tank inspection, repairs, alterations
and reconstruction.
A) Minimum requirements B) Maximum requirements
C) Guideline requirements D) Suggested requirements
Answer: A (Reference API 653, Para. 1.1.1)
150. _______________ means any work on a tank involving cutting, burning, welding or
heating operations that changes the physical dimensions and/or configuration of a tank.
A) Repair B) Reconstruction C) Reworking D) Alteration
Answer: D (Reference API 653, Para. 3.1 … Definition of alteration)
 Additional questions for Final Exam
151. Roof plates must be repaired or replaced whenever:
A) Corrosion has reduced a roof to an average thickness of less than 0.09 in. in any 100 in.² area
B) Roof plate holes have gone completely through the thickness of the roof plate.
C) Both A & B are correct
D) None of these are correct
Answer: D (Reference API 653, Para. 4.2.1.2)

8.6.2 Vacuum testing shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure prepared by
the Manufacturer of the tank. The procedure shall require:
a. Performing a visual exam of the bottom and welds prior to performing the vacuum-box test;
b. Verifying the condition of the vacuum box and its gasket seals;
c. Verifying that there is no quick bubble or spitting response to large leaks; and
d. Applying the film solution to a dry area, such that the area is thoroughly wetted and a
minimum generation of application bubbles occurs.
8.6.3 A partial vacuum of 20 kPa (3 lbf/in.2/6 in. Hg) to 35 kPa (5 lbf/in.2/10 in Hg) gauge shall
be used for the test. If specified by the Purchaser, a second partial vacuum test of 55 kPa (8
lbf/in.2/16 in. Hg) to 70 kPa (10 lbf/in.2/20 in. Hg) shall be performed for the detection of very
small leaks.
4.5.1.1 The principal causes of foundation deterioration are settlement, erosion, cracking, and deterioration of
concrete initiated by: calcining, attack by underground water, attack by frost, and attack by alkalies and acids. To
ensure suitability for service, all tank foundations shall be inspected periodically (see 6.3).

M.1.1 This appendix specifies additional requirements for API Std 650 tanks with a maximum design temperature
exceeding 93°C (200°F) but not exceeding 260°C (500°F). The following shall not be used for a maximum design
temperature above 93°C (200°F):
a. Open-top tanks (see 5.9).
b. Floating-roof tanks (see Appendix C).
c. Structurally-supported aluminum dome roofs (see G.1.1 and note below).
d. Internal floating roofs constructed of aluminum (see H.2.2 and note below).
e. Internal floating roofs constructed of composite material (see H.2.2). Lower temperature limits may apply for this
roof material type.

9.2.2.1 The minimum dimension for a replacement shell plate is 12 in. or 12 times the thickness of the replacement
plate, whichever is greater.
O.2.1 The recommendations of this appendix are intended for use only where significant foundation settlement is
not expected. It is not possible to establish precise limits, but if predicted settlement exceeds 13 mm ( 1/2 in.), the
recommendations should be subjected to detailed engineering review for possible additions, modifications, or
elimination of bottom connections. Particular consideration shall be given to possible differential settlement in the
immediate area of the bottom connection and with respect to connecting piping.
S.1.1 This appendix covers materials, design, fabrication, erection, and testing requirements for vertical, cylindrical,
aboveground, closed- and open-top, welded, austenitic stainless steel storage tanks constructed of material grades
201-1, 201LN, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317, and 317L. This appendix does not cover stainless steel clad plate or strip-
lined construction.
S.1.2 This appendix applies only to tanks in nonrefrigerated services with a maximum design temperature not
exceeding 260°C (500°F). Tanks designed to this appendix shall be assigned a maximum design temperature no less
than 40°C (100°F). It is cautioned that exothermic reactions occurring inside unheated storage tanks can produce
temperatures exceeding 40°C (100°F).
1) Organization & Certification Requirements … API 653, Section 1 & Annex D

The owner/operator has ultimate responsibility for complying with the provisions of this standard. The application
of this standard is restricted to organizations that employ or have access to an authorized inspection agency as
defined in 3.3. Should a party other than the owner/operator be assigned certain tasks, such as relocating and
reconstructing a tank, the limits of responsibility for each party shall be defined by the owner/operator prior to
commencing work.
3.19 owner/operator The legal entity having both control of and/or responsibility for the operation and maintenance
of an existing storage tank.
3.23 reconstruction organization The organization having assigned responsibility by the owner/operator to design
and/or reconstruct a tank.
3.25 repair organization
An organization that meets any of the following:
a) an owner/operator of aboveground storage tanks who repairs or alters his/her own equipment in accordance with
this standard;
b) a contractor whose qualifications are acceptable to the owner/operator of aboveground storage tanks and who
makes repairs or alterations in accordance with this standard;
c) one who is authorized by, acceptable to, or otherwise not prohibited by the jurisdiction, and who makes repairs in
accordance with this standard.
3.26 similar service assessment The process by which corrosion rates and inspection intervals are established for a
candidate tank using corrosion rates and service history from a control tank for the purpose of establishing the next
inspection date.
3.28 storage tank engineer
One or more persons or organizations acceptable to the owner/operator who are knowledgeable and experienced in
the engineering disciplines associated with evaluating mechanical and material characteristics that affect the
integrity and reliability of aboveground storage tanks. The storage tank engineer, by consulting with appropriate
specialists, should be regarded as a composite of all entities needed to properly assess the technical requirements.
3.3 Authorized inspection agency One of the following organizations that employ an
aboveground storage tank inspector certified by API.
a) The inspection organization of the jurisdiction in which the aboveground storage tank is
operated.
b) The inspection organization of an insurance company which is licensed or registered to and
does write aboveground storage tank insurance.
c) An owner/operator of one or more aboveground storage tank(s) who maintains an
inspection organization for activities relating only to his/her equipment and not for
aboveground storage tanks intended for sale or resale.
d) An independent organization or individual under contract to and under the direction of an
owner/operator and recognized or otherwise not prohibited by the jurisdiction in which the
aboveground storage tank is operated. Owner/operator’s inspection program shall provide the
controls necessary for use by authorized inspectors contracted to inspect aboveground storage
tanks.
3.4 authorized inspector
An employee of an authorized inspection agency and is certified as an aboveground storage
tank inspector per Annex D of this standard.
3.16 inspector
A representative of an organization’s mechanical integrity department who is responsible for various quality control
and assurance functions, such as welding, contract execution, etc.
D.2 Certification
D.2.1 An API 653 authorized inspector certificate will be issued when an applicant has successfully passed the API
653 certification examination, and satisfies the criteria for education and experience. Education and experience,
when combined, shall be equal to at least one of the following.
a) A bachelor of science degree in engineering or technology plus one year of experience in supervision or
performance of inspection activities as described in API 653.
b) A two-year degree or certificate in engineering or technology, plus two years of experience in the design,
construction, repair, inspection, or operation of aboveground storage tanks, of which one year must be in supervision
or performance of inspection activities as described in API 653.
c) A high school diploma or equivalent, plus three years of experience in the design, construction, repair, inspection,
or operation of aboveground storage tanks, of which one year must be in supervision or performance of inspection
activities as described in API 653.
d) A minimum of five years of experience in the design, construction, repair, inspection, or operation of
aboveground storage tanks, of which one year must be in supervision or performance of inspection activities as
described in API 653.
2) Types and Definitions of Inspections … API 653, Section 3 (Definitions) & Section 6
3.12
external inspection
A formal visual inspection, as supervised by an authorized inspector, to assess all aspects of the tank as possible
without suspending operations or requiring tank shutdown (see 6.3.2).
3.17 internal inspection
A formal, complete inspection, as supervised by an authorized inspector, of all accessible internal tank surfaces (see
6.4.1).
3.13 fitness-for-service assessment
A methodology whereby flaws contained within a structure are assessed in order to determine the adequacy of the
flawed structure for continued service without imminent failure. 🡪Section 4
6.3.1 Routine In-service Inspections
6.3.1.1 The external condition of the tank shall be monitored by close visual inspection from the ground on a routine
basis. This inspection may be done by owner/operator personnel, and can be done by other than authorized
inspectors as defined in 3.4. Personnel performing this inspection should be knowledgeable of the storage facility
operations, the tank, and the characteristics of the product stored.
6.3.1.2 The interval of such inspections shall be consistent with conditions at the particular site, but shall not exceed
one month.
6.3.1.3 This routine in-service inspection shall include a visual inspection of the tank’s exterior surfaces. Evidence
of leaks; shell distortions; signs of settlement; corrosion; and condition of the foundation, paint coatings, insulation
systems, and appurtenances should be documented for follow-up action by an authorized inspector.
6.3.2 External Inspection
6.3.2.1 All tanks shall be given a visual external inspection by an authorized inspector. This inspection shall be
called the external inspection and must be conducted at least every five years or RCA/4N years (where RCA is the
difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is the shell
corrosion rate in mils per year) whichever is less. Tanks may be in operation during this inspection.
6.3.2.2 Insulated tanks need to have insulation removed only to the extent necessary to determine the condition of
the exterior wall of the tank or the roof.
6.3.2.3 Tank grounding system components such as shunts or mechanical connections of cables shall be visually
checked. Recommended practices dealing with the prevention of hydrocarbon ignition are covered by API 2003.
6.3.3 Ultrasonic Thickness Inspection
6.3.3.1 External, ultrasonic thickness measurements of the shell can be a means of determining a rate of uniform
general corrosion while the tank is in service, and can provide an indication of the integrity of the shell. The extent
of such measurements shall be determined by the owner/operator.
6.3.3.2 When used, the ultrasonic thickness measurements shall be made at intervals not to exceed the following.
a) When the corrosion rate is not known, the maximum interval shall be five years. Corrosion rates may be estimated
from tanks in similar service based on thickness measurements taken at an interval not exceeding five years.
b) When the corrosion rate is known, the maximum interval shall be the smaller of RCA/2N years (where RCA is the
difference between the measured shell thickness and the minimum required thickness in mils, and N is the shell
corrosion rate in mils per year) or 15 years.
6.3.3.3 Internal inspection of the tank shell, when the tank is out of service, can be substituted for a program of
external ultrasonic thickness measurement if the internal inspection interval is equal to or less than the interval
required in 6.3.3.2 b).
6.3.4 Cathodic Protection Surveys
6.3.4.1 Where exterior tank bottom corrosion is controlled by a cathodic protection system, periodic surveys of the
system shall be conducted in accordance with API 651. The owner/operator shall review the survey results.
6.3.4.2 The owner/operator shall assure competency of personnel performing surveys.
6.4 Internal Inspection
6.4.1 General
6.4.1.1 Internal inspection is primarily required to do as follows.
a) Ensure that the bottom is not severely corroded and leaking.
b) Gather the data necessary for the minimum bottom and shell thickness assessments detailed in Section 6. As
applicable, these data shall also take into account external ultrasonic thickness measurements made during inservice
inspections (see 6.3.3).
c) Identify and evaluate any tank bottom settlement.
6.4.1.2 All tanks shall have a formal internal inspection conducted at the intervals defined by 6.4.2. The
authorized inspector who is responsible for evaluation of a tank must conduct a visual inspection and assure the
quality and completeness of the nondestructive examination (NDE) results. If the internal inspection is required
solely for the purpose of determining the condition and integrity of the tank bottom, the internal inspection may be
accomplished with the tank in-service utilizing various ultrasonic robotic thickness measurement and other onstream
inspection methods capable of assessing the thickness of the tank bottom, in combination with methods capable of
assessing tank bottom integrity as described in 4.4.1. Electromagnetic methods may be used to supplement the on-
stream ultrasonic inspection. If an in-service inspection is selected, the data and information collected shall be
sufficient to evaluate the thickness, corrosion rate, and integrity of the tank bottom and establish the internal
inspection interval, based on tank bottom thickness, corrosion rate, and integrity, utilizing the methods included in
this standard. An individual, knowledgeable and experienced in relevant inspection methodologies, and the
authorized inspector who is responsible for evaluation of a tank must assure the quality & completeness of the in-
service NDE results.
3) Types Corrosion and Deterioration … API 571, 10 mechanisms
No additional questions needed
4) Materials and Fabrication Problems. … API 653, Sect. 7 & API 650, Section 6
7.3 Original Materials for Reconstructed Tanks
7.3.1 Shell and Bottom Plates Welded to the Shell
7.3.1.1 All shell plate materials and bottom plates welded to the shell shall be identified. Materials identified by
original contract drawings, API nameplates, or other suitable documentation do not require further identification.
Material not identified shall be tested and identified by the requirements as outlined in 7.3.1.2. After ID,
determination shall be made as to suitability of the material for intended service.
7.3.1.2 Each individual plate for which adequate identification does not exist shall be subjected to chemical analysis
and mechanical tests as required in ASTM A6 and ASTM A370 including Charpy V-notch. Impact values shall
satisfy the requirements of API 650.
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.1 Workmanship
6.1.1.1 All work of fabricating API Std 650 tanks shall be done in accordance with this Standard and with the
permissible alternatives specified in the Purchaser’s inquiry or order. The workmanship and finish shall be first class
in every respect and subject to the closest inspection by the Manufacturer’s inspector even if the Purchaser has
waived any part of the inspection.
6.1.1.2 When material requires straightening, the work shall be done by pressing or another noninjurious method
prior to any layout or shaping. Heating or hammering is not permissible unless the material is maintained at forging
temperature during straightening.
6.1.1.3 Materials used to aid in the fabrication of tanks shall not have a detrimental effect on the structural integrity
of the tank. Lubricants, crayons, adhesives, and anti-weld spatter compounds shall not contain materials that will be
detrimental to the tank, e.g., sulfur and chloride compounds for stainless steel materials. Attachments that will be
welded to the pressure boundary shall not have a zinc or cadmium coating in the weld area within 12 mm (0.5 in.) of
the weld.
6.1.3 Shaping of Shell Plates
Figure 6-1 provides criteria for shaping of plates to the curvature of the tank prior to installation in the tank. Shaping
of plates concurrently with installation in the tank shell is permitted if the tank diameter exceeds the limit in Figure
6-1 or if the Manufacturer’s alternate procedure for any diameter has been accepted by the Purchaser.
Question: For a tank having a 93 meter diameter and the following shell course thicknesses (1 = 25 mm, 2 = 20 mm,
3 = 16 mm, 4 = 12 mm, & 5 = 9 mm), which of the following is correct regarding the required shaping of plates to
the curvature of the tank prior to installation in the tank?
A)
B)
C)
D) Any plate equal to or greater than 16mm (5/8 inch) requires shaping prior to installation
6.2.2 Mill and shop inspection shall not release the Manufacturer from responsibility for replacing any defective
material and for repairing any defective workmanship that may be discovered in the field.
6.2.3 Any material or workmanship that in any way fails to meet the requirements of this Standard may be rejected
by the Purchaser’s inspector, and the material involved shall not be used under the contract. Material that shows
injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the mill, subsequent to its acceptance at the Manufacturer’s works,
or during erection and testing of the tank will be rejected. The Manufacturer will be notified of this in writing and
will be required to furnish new material promptly and make the necessary replacements or suitable repairs.
6.2.4 a. The Manufacturer shall visually inspect all edges of shell and roof plates before installing the plates in the
tank or before inserting a nozzle into the plate to determine if laminations are present. If a lamination is visually
detected, the Manufacturer shall ultrasonically test the area to determine the extent of the laminations and shall
reject the plate or make repairs in accordance with 6.2.4b.
b. For laminations found not exceeding 75 mm (3 in.) in length or 25 mm (1 in.) in depth, repairs may be made by
edge gouging and rewelding to seal the lamination. The Manufacturer shall submit the edge repair procedure for
Purchaser acceptance prior to the start of fabrication. For laminations exceeding these limits, the Manufacturer shall
either reject the plate or repair the plate by entirely removing the lamination. Before making such repairs the
Manufacturer shall document the extent of the lamination and submit a case-specific repair procedure for Purchaser
approval.
5.10 ROOFS
5.10.1 Definitions
The following definitions apply to roof designs but shall not be considered as limiting the type of roof permitted by
5.10.2.8.
a. A supported cone roof is a roof formed to approximately the surface of a right cone that is supported principally
either by rafters on girders and columns or by rafters on trusses with or without columns.
b. A self-supporting cone roof is a roof formed to approximately the surface of a right cone that is supported only at
its periphery.
c. A self-supporting dome roof is a roof formed to approximately a spherical surface that is supported only at its
periphery.
d. A self-supporting umbrella roof is a modified dome roof formed so that any horizontal section is a regular
polygon with as many sides as there are roof plates that is supported only at its periphery.

1.4 Safe Working Practices

An assessment shall be made of the potential hazards to which personnel may be exposed when conducting internal
tank inspections, making repairs, or dismantling tanks. Procedures shall be developed according to the guidelines
given in API 2015, API 2016, and API 2217A that will include safeguard for personnel health and safety, prevention
of accidental fires and explosions, and the prevention of property damage. Special procedures may need to be
developed for certain activities described in this standard that are not fully covered by the referenced API
publications; e.g. safety precautions for personnel accessing floating roof tanks that are in service, or gas freeing the
bottom side of a tank. Finally, procedures must comply with any federal or state safety regulations pertaining to
“confined spaces” or any other relevant provisions.