GENERAL

QUARTER 1 Week 8
MATHEMATICS

NAME: ____________________________________ YR & SEC: _____________________

Competency:
The learner is able to:

 Represent real-life situations using logarithmic functions (M11GM–Ih–1)

 Distinguish logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, and logarithmic inequality.
(M11GM–Ih–2)
 Illustrate the basic properties of logarithms.
 Solve logarithmic equations and inequalities. (M11GM–Ih–i–1)

To the Learners:
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of
this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module.
2. Writing enhances learning. Keep this in mind and take note of important concepts on your
notebook.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

I. Introduction to Logarithms
a. Define logarithms and its inverse relationship with exponents;
b. Express exponential and logarithmic forms of an equation; and
c. Represent real-life situations that can be represented by logarithmic functions.

II. Logarithmic Functions, Equations and Inequalities

a. Differentiate among logarithmic equations, inequalities, and functions; and
b. Identify which is a logarithmic function, logarithmic equation and logarithmic
inequality.
III. Basic Properties of Logarithms
a. Verify the basic properties of logarithms;
b. Illustrate the laws of logarithms; and
c. Use the properties and laws of logarithms in simplifying expressions.

IV. Solving Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

a. Solve logarithmic equations;
b. Solve logarithmic inequalities; and
c. Apply logarithmic equations and inequalities to real life situations.

RIZELLE G. REBUYACO P a g e 1 | 10
General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 Pre-test

A. Read each item carefully. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.

_____1. What do you call the inverse of an exponential function?

A. Logarithmic B. Polynomial C. Rational D. Trigonometric

_____2. What is the logarithmic form of the equation 25 = 32?

A. log 2 5 = 32 B. log 32 2 = 5 C. log 2 32 = 5 D. log 5 32 = 2

_____3. The magnitude R of an earthquake is given by: 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔

2 𝐸
where E (in joules)
3 104.40
is the energy released by the earthquake (the quantity 104.40 is the energy
released by a very small reference earthquake). What is the magnitude on a
Richter Scale supposed an earthquake released approximately 1014 joules of
energy?
A. 5.7 B. 6 C. 6.4 D. 7.1

_____4. Which of the following choices does NOT belong to the group?
A. log 3 (x − 2) = 5 B. 𝑙𝑛 x ≥ 9 C.𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 𝑥 D.𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥
2

_____5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

I. log 4 (x + 6) = 2 II. 𝑙𝑛 x ≥ 2 III. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 𝑥
4
A. II involves in an inequality C. I and II involve one variable
B. III involves in one variable D. I and III involve in an equality

_____6. Which of the following properties of logarithm is INCORRECT?

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏
A. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 = 0 B. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 C. 𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 D. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥

_____7. Which laws of logarithm are applicable in simplifying 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (𝑎𝑏)4 ?

A. Sum and Power C. Power and Quotient
B. Product and Power D. Product and Quotient

_____8. What is the expanded form of log 𝑏 𝑥 3√𝑦 ?

1
A. log 𝑏 𝑥 + 3 log 𝑏 𝑦
1
B. log 𝑏 𝑥 − 3 log 𝑏 𝑦 C.
log𝑏 𝑥 D. 1 log 𝑦
3 𝑏
1
log 𝑦 log
3 𝑏 𝑏𝑥
_____9. What is the value of 𝑥 in the equation 𝑙𝑜𝑔13 (𝑥 − 4) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔13 3𝑥?
2

A. 4 and 1 B. −4 and 1 C. −4 and −1 D. 4 and −1

____10. Which of the values of 𝑥 will satisfy 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 5) > 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3𝑥 − 25?
A. (10, ∞) B. (−10, ∞) C. (−∞, 10) D. (−∞, −10)

Looking Back at your Lesson

In the previous discussion, it dealt with exponential functions which implies many
applications in real life situations. This lesson refers to the inverse of an exponential
function which is known as a logarithmic function.
Logarithms were originally developed to simplify complex arithmetic calculations.
It transforms multiplicative processes into additive ones. Since calculators are now
available to deal with large numbers, then it would be easier to simplify exponential
notations as well as its inverse.
However, one must understand logarithms to realize that it is related to
exponential equations and functions. This lesson deals with the relationship of
properties of logarithms to exponentiation and one of these properties will be an
important tool to solve logarithmic equations and functions .

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General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 Introduction of the Topic

CHALLENGE!
A. Sketch the graph of the given function and determine its behavior:
1. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥
1 𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (6)
B. Find the value of x in each case.
1. 24 = 𝑥

2. 43 = 𝑥

3. 5−1 = 𝑥
1
4. 16−2 = 𝑥

Lesson 1: Introduction to Logarithms

LOGARITHM
What if it is the exponent of an exponential function is missing? There is a mathematical
way to present (rewrite) the expressions, and that it through logarithms
In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function of exponentiation. That means that
the logarithm of a given number 𝑥 is the exponent to which another fixed number, the base 𝑏,
must be raised, to produce that number 𝑥. In the simplest case, the logarithm counts the number
of occurrences of the same factor in repeated multiplication.

DEFINITION
Let 𝒂 and 𝒃 be positive real numbers such that 𝑏 ≠ 1. The logarithm of 𝒂 with
base 𝒃, denoted by 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎, is defined as the number such that 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 = 𝑎. That is,
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 is the exponent that 𝑏 must be raised to produce 𝑎.

Logarithms and exponents allow us to express the same relationship in two different ways. The
following table shows how the expressions can be written using two equivalent forms.

Exponential Form Logarithmic Form

25 = 32 log 2 32 = 5

93 = 729 log 9 729 = 3

−4
1 log 1 16 = −4
( ) = 16 2
2
70 = 1 log 7 1 = 0

𝐛𝐜 = 𝐚 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐛 𝐚 = 𝐜
 In both the logarithmic and exponential forms, 𝑏 is the base.
 In the exponential form, 𝑐 is an exponent. But 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎. This implies that the logarithm
is actually an exponent.
 In the logarithmic form 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎, 𝒂 cannot be negative
 The value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 can be negative.

Common logarithms are logarithms with base 10; the base 10 is usually omitted when
writing common logarithms. This means that log 𝑥 is a short notation for 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥. As mentioned in
the previous lesson, the number 𝑒 (which is approximately 2.71828) has important applications
in mathematics. Logarithms with base 𝑒 are called natural logarithms, and are denoted by “ln”.
In other words, ln 𝑥 is another way of writing 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥.

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General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
Illustrative Examples:

A. Rewrite the following exponential equations in logarithmic form, whenever possible.

1. 53 = 125 Answer: 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 125 = 3
2. 102 = 100 Answer: log 100 = 2
3. 𝑒 2 = 𝑥 Answer: ln 𝑥 = 2
B. Rewrite the following logarithmic equations in exponential form.
1. log 𝑚 = 𝑛 Answer: 10𝑛 = 𝑚
64 3 −3 64
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 27 = −3 Answer: (4) = 27
4

3. ln 8 = 𝑎 Answer: 𝑒 𝑎 = 8

APPLICATION OF LOGARITHMS

Logarithms allow us to discuss very large numbers in more manageable ways. For
example, 1031 is a very large number whose common logarithm is log 1031 = 31. Because
logarithms can facilitate an understanding of very large numbers (or positive numbers very close
to zero), it has applications in various situations.

Illustrative Examples:

The Richter scale. In 1935, Charles Richter proposed a logarithmic scale to measure the
intensity of an earthquake. He defined the magnitude of an earthquake as a function of its
amplitude on a standard seismograph. The following formula produces the same results, but
is based on the energy released by an earthquake.

Earthquake Magnitude on a Richter Scale

2 𝐸
The magnitude R of an earthquake is given by: 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔
3 104.40

where E (in joules) is the energy released by the earthquake (the quantity 104.40
is the energy released by a very small reference earthquake)

Suppose that an earthquake released approximately 1012 joules of energy:

a. What is its magnitude on a Richter Scale?
b. How much more energy does this earthquake release than that by the reference earthquake?
Solution:
2 1012 2
a. Since E = 1012, the 𝑅 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 104.40 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔107.6
𝟐
By definition, 𝑙𝑜𝑔107.6 =7.6, thus, 𝑹 = 𝟑 (𝟕. 𝟔) ≈ 𝟓. 𝟏.
1012
b. This earthquake releases = 107.6 ≈ 39810717 times more energy than that by the
104.40
reference earthquake.

Lesson 2: Logarithmic Functions, Equations and Inequalities

Look at the three expressions below. Are they similar? How do they differ?

A. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 2) = 5 B. ln 𝑥 ≥ 9 C. 𝑦 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 𝑥
2
All three expressions involve logarithms. A and B involve only one variable, but C
expressed a relationship between two variables. A and C involve an equality, but B involves an
inequality. The definitions of logarithmic equations, inequalities and functions are shown:

Logarithmic Equation Logarithmic Inequality Logarithmic Function

An equation involving An inequality involving Function of the form
Definition
logarithms logarithms 𝑓(x)=logb x (b>0, b≠ 1)

Example log3 (x − 2) = 5 𝑙𝑛 x ≥ 9 𝑦 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 𝑥

2

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General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 A logarithmic equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation
or inequality. A logarithmic function expresses a relationship between two variables and can be
represented by a table of values or a graph.

Illustrative Examples:

Given the following examples of logarithmic equations:

 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 2 = 4
 𝑙𝑜𝑔−2 𝑥 = 4
 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 4 = 𝑥
In each, a part of the logarithmic equation is missing, and the goal is to find the value of
the unknown that will make the left- and the right-hand sides equal. An equation such as
𝒍𝒐𝒈−𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟒 cannot be solved since the logarithmic expression on the left-hand side contains a
negative base, and is invalid in the first place.

Lesson 3: Basic Properties of Logarithms

We introduced the logarithmic functions as the inverse of exponential functions and
discussed few of the functional properties from that perspective. We now explore the algebraic
properties of logarithms. Historically, these have played a huge role in the scientific development
of our society. Logarithms inherit analogs of all the properties of exponents we learned and these
prove that the logarithmic function is the inverse of an exponential function.

I. Basic Properties of Logarithm

Let 𝑏 and 𝑥 be real number such that 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑏 ≠ 1.
 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 = 0
 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
 𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
Illustrative Examples:

Find the value of the following logarithmic expressions.

1. log 10 Answer: 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 101 = 1

2. ln 𝑒 3 Answer: 𝑙𝑛𝑒 𝑒 3 = 3
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 64 Answer: 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 43 = 3
1
4. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 ( ) Answer: 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 5−3 = −3
125

5. 5𝑙𝑜𝑔5 2 Answer: 2
6. log 1 Answer: 0
II. Laws of Logarithms
Let 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1 and let 𝑛 ∈ | R. For 𝑢 > 0, 𝑣 > 0, then:

 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑢𝑣) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑣 (Product Rule)

𝑢
 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑣 (Quotient Rule)
𝑣

 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢 (Power Rule)

III. Change-of-Base Formula
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒙
Let 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 be positive real numbers, with 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑏 ≠ 1. 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒃
𝒂

Illustrative Examples:

A. Use the properties of logarithms to expand each expression in terms of the logarithms of
the factors.
3 3
1. log(𝑎𝑏 2 ) 2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 ( ) 3. ln[𝑥(𝑥 − 5)]
𝑥

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General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 Solution:

1. log(𝑎𝑏 2 ) = log 𝑎 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑏 2 = log 𝑎 + 2 log 𝑏

3 3 3
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 ( ) = 3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 ( ) = 3(𝑙𝑜𝑔3 3 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥) = 3(1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥) = 3 − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥

3. ln[𝑥(𝑥 − 5)] = ln 𝑥 + ln(𝑥 − 5)

B. Use the properties of logarithm to condense the expressions as a single logarithm.
1. log 2 + log 3 3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 2 ) − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥
2. 2 ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦 4. 2 − log 5
Solution:

1. log 2 + log 3 = log(2 ∙ 3) = log 6

𝑥2
2. 2 ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦 = ln (𝑥 2 ) − ln 𝑦 = ln ( )
𝑦

3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 2 ) − 3𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 2 ) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 3 )

𝑥2 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 ( 3 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 −1 ) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
100
4. 2 − log 5 = log 100 − log 5 = log ( ) = log 20
5

C. Use the change-of-base formula to rewrite the following logarithmic expressions to the
indicated base, then evaluate.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 32 (change to base 2) Change-of-base formula:
1
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔243 27(change to base 3) 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒙
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒙 =
1 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒃
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔25 (change to base 5)
√5

Solution:

𝑙𝑜𝑔2 32 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 25 𝟓 The examples on the left also

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔8 32 = = =
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 8 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 23 𝟑 applied basic property of
1 logarithm:
1 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
27 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 3−3 𝟑
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔243 = = =−
27 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 243 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 35 𝟓 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥
1 1 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔5 − −
1 √5 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (5) 2 2 𝟏
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔25 = = = =−
√5 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 25 𝑙𝑜𝑔552 2 𝟒

Lesson 4: Solving Logarithmic Equations and Inequalities

In solving logarithmic equations and inequalities, it is important to remember the
restrictions on the values of 𝑏 and 𝑥 in the logarithmic expression 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥.

A. Solving logarithmic equations

Some strategies for solving logarithmic equations
 Rewriting to exponential form
 Using logarithmic properties

One-to-One property of Logarithmic Functions

For any logarithmic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 if 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑣, then 𝑢 = 𝑣.

 Applying the One-to-one property of logarithmic functions, as stated below

 The use of the Zero Factor Property

Zero Factor Property

If 𝑎𝑏 = 0, then 𝑎 = 0 or 𝑏 = 0.

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General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 Illustrative Examples:

Find the value of 𝑥 in the following equations.

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (2𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 10 3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 − 1) = 3

2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 1) = 2 4. (log 𝑥)2 + 2 log 𝑥 − 3 = 0
Solutions

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (2𝑥 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 10 2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 1) = 2

2𝑥 = 10 2𝑥 − 1 = 32
𝒙=𝟓 2𝑥 − 1 = 9
2𝑥 = 10
𝒙=𝟓

3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 − 1) = 3 4. (log 𝑥)2 + 2 log 𝑥 − 3 = 0

𝑙𝑜𝑔2 [(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)] = 3 let log 𝑥 = 𝐴, thus;

(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) = 23 𝐴2 + 2𝐴 − 3 = 0
𝑥2 − 1 = 8 (𝐴 + 3)(𝐴 − 1) = 0
𝑥2 − 9 = 0 𝐴 = −3 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 = 1
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 log 𝑥 = −3 𝑜𝑟 log 𝑥 = 1
𝟏
𝒙 = 𝟑, −𝟑 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟎
B. Solving logarithmic inequalities
In solving logarithmic inequalities, the following property can be applied:

Property of Logarithmic Inequalities

Given the logarithmic expression 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥,

If 0 < 𝑏 < 1, then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 if and only if 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥2 .

If 𝑏 > 1, then 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 if and only if 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥1 < 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥2 .

Illustrative Examples:

Solve the following logarithmic inequalities.

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 1) > 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 + 2)

2. −2 < log 𝑥 < 2
Solutions

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 1) > 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 + 2)

Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
Then, 2𝑥 − 1 > 0 and 𝑥 + 2 > 0 must be satisfied.
1
2𝑥 − 1 > 0 implies 𝑥 > and 𝑥 + 2 > 0 implies 𝑥 > −2
2
1
To make both logarithms defined, then 𝑥 >
2
1
(If 𝑥 > , then 𝑥 is surely greater than -2)
2

Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.

The base 3 is greater than 1.
Thus, since 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (2𝑥 − 1) > 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 + 2), then:
2𝑥 − 1 > 𝑥 + 2
𝑥 > 3 (Subtract 𝑥 from both sides; add 1 to both sides)
∴ 𝑥 > 3, hence, the solution is (3, +∞)

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General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 2. −2 < log 𝑥 < 2
Step 1: Ensure that the logarithms are defined.
This means that 𝑥 > 0.

Step 2: Ensure that the inequality is satisfied.

We first rewrite -2 and 2 as logarithms to base 10, which are log 10−2 and
log 102 respectively, obtaining the inequality:
log 10−2 < log 𝑥 < log 102
We split the compound inequality into two simple inequalities:
log 10−2 < log 𝑥 and log 𝑥 < log 102
Since the base 10 is greater than 1, we simplify both inequalities as:
10−2 < x and 𝑥 < 102
1
Thus, obtaining 100 < 𝑥 < 100, which automatically satisfies the condition in Step
1
1. Hence, the solution is (100 , 100).

Activities

Activity 1.1: Complete Me!

Complete the table by supplying the indicated form of an expression.

Exponential Form Logarithmic Form

x = 23 1. ___________________
1
3−1 = 2. ___________________
3
3. ___________________ log b r = x
1
4. ___________________ log 4 ( ) = −2
16
e3 = y 5. ___________________
Activity 1.2: Who am I?
Identify the expression if it is a logarithmic equation, function or inequality. Write LE if
it is an equation, LI if it is an inequality and LF if it is a function.

__________ 1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 16 = 2 __________ 6. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (1 − 𝑥) > 4

__________ 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 − 2 __________ 7. ln 𝑥 2 = ln 9

__________ 3. 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 − 5) __________ 8. − log(𝑥 − 2) = 𝑦

1
__________ 4. 𝑙𝑜𝑔√𝑥 2 − 17 = __________ 9. 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 ≥ 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 + log(𝑥 + 8)
2

__________ 5. log 1000 = −𝑥 __________10. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥

Activity 1.3: Please be fair!

Identify whether the quantities are equal to one another. Write the word TRUE if the
quantities are equal, otherwise, write FALSE.

__________ 1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑥 = 1 __________ 6. log22 =(𝑙𝑜𝑔2)2

𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥
__________ 2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 1 = 2 __________ 7. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (𝑥 − 4) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔4 4

𝑙𝑜𝑔3 729 6
__________ 3. = __________ 8. 3𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥 2 = 6log9 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 3𝑛 𝑛

__________ 4. (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2)(𝑙𝑜𝑔3 4) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 8 __________ 9. 3(𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥)2 = 6log9 𝑥

__________ 5. (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2)(𝑙𝑜𝑔3 4) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 6 __________10. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2𝑥 2 = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2𝑥

RIZELLE G. REBUYACO P a g e 8 | 10
General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 Activity 1.4: Name my X!
Solve the following equations and inequalities.

1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔(3𝑥 − 1) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(4 − 𝑥) 2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥3 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2(𝑥)

3. 𝑙𝑛 8 − 𝑥2 = 𝑙𝑛(2 − 𝑥) 4. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 18 − 𝑥2 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (6 − 𝑥)

Remember

We discussed and understood the following concepts in this lesson:

1. Logarithm is the inverse function of exponentiation.
2. The logarithm of a given number 𝑥 is the exponent to which another fixed number,
the base 𝑏, must be raised, to produce that number 𝑥.
3. The exponential form 𝒃𝒄 = 𝒂, can be expressed into logarithmic form 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝒂 = 𝒄.
4. In both the logarithmic and exponential forms, 𝑏 is the base.
5. In the exponential form, 𝑐 is an exponent. But 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎. This implies that the
logarithm is actually an exponent.
6. In the logarithmic form 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎, 𝑎 cannot be negative.
7. The value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 can be negative.
8. Common logarithms are logarithms with base 10.
9. Logarithms with base 𝑒 are called natural logarithms.
10. Logarithms can be represented to real-life situations.

Check your Understanding

A. Write the following exponential equations in logarithmic form.

1. 49𝑥 = 7
1
2. 6−3 = 216

3. 102 = 100
B. Expand the expression using the properties of logarithm.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔6 3𝑥
𝑥
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( )
5

3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥𝑦 2
C. Solve for x.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5(2𝑥 + 1) + 𝑙𝑜𝑔5(𝑥 + 2) = 1
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (−3𝑥 ) < 1
D. Fill in the missing entries in each table, then graph.

1 1
X 16 4 1 16
4

log 1 x
4

1 1
X 9 3 1 9
3

log 3 x

RIZELLE G. REBUYACO P a g e 9 | 10
General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8
 Post Test

A. Read each item carefully. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.

_____1. What do you call the inverse of an exponential function?

A. Logarithmic B. Polynomial C. Rational D. Trigonometric

_____2. What is the logarithmic form of the equation 25 = 32?

A. log 2 5 = 32 B. log 32 2 = 5 C. log 2 32 = 5 D. log 5 32 = 2

_____3. The magnitude R of an earthquake is given by: 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔

2 𝐸
where E (in joules)
3 104.40
is the energy released by the earthquake (the quantity 104.40 is the energy
released by a very small reference earthquake). What is the magnitude on a
Richter Scale supposed an earthquake released approximately 1014 joules of
energy?
A. 5.7 B. 6 C. 6.4 D. 7.1

_____4. Which of the following choices does NOT belong to the group?
A. log 3 (x − 2) = 5 B. 𝑙𝑛 x ≥ 9 C.𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 𝑥 D.𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥
2

_____5. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

I. log 4 (x + 6) = 2 II. 𝑙𝑛 x ≥ 2 III. 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑙𝑜𝑔1 𝑥
4
A. II involves in an inequality C. I and II involve one variable
B. III involves in one variable D. I and III involve in an equality

_____6. Which of the following properties of logarithm is INCORRECT?

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏
A. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 = 0 B. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 C. 𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 D. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑥

_____7. Which laws of logarithm are applicable in simplifying 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (𝑎𝑏)4 ?

A. Sum and Power C. Power and Quotient
B. Product and Power D. Product and Quotient

_____8. What is the expanded form of log 𝑏 𝑥 3√𝑦 ?

1
A. log 𝑏 𝑥 + 3 log 𝑏 𝑦
1
B. log 𝑏 𝑥 − 3 log 𝑏 𝑦 C.
log𝑏 𝑥 D. 1 log 𝑦
3 𝑏
1
log 𝑏 𝑦 log 𝑏 𝑥
3
_____9. What is the value of 𝑥 in the equation 𝑙𝑜𝑔13 (𝑥 2 − 4) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔13 3𝑥?
A. 4 and 1 B. −4 and 1 C. −4 and −1 D. 4 and −1

____10. Which of the values of 𝑥 will satisfy 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 5) > 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3𝑥 − 25?
A. (10, ∞) B. (−10, ∞) C. (−∞, 10) D. (−∞, −10)

Additional Activities

To better understand the lesson, watch the video lessons on studypug.com and
virtualned.com entitled

 How to covert exponential form to logarithm?

 Properties of Logarithm
 Logarithmic equations and Inequalities.

RIZELLE G. REBUYACO P a g e 10 | 10
General Mathematics - Quarter 1, Week 8