Integration by Parts

Lesson 1.1
 Integration by parts
• Useful for integrands involving products of
algebraic and transcendental functions.
Examples:
 Integration by parts
Idea of integration by parts : differentiate products.

dy du dv
If y  uv, v  u
where u and v are both
functions of x.
dx dx dx
d (uv) du dv
Substituting for y; v u
dx dx dx
Integrating both sides with respect to x;

d (uv) du dv
 dx dx   dx
v dx   dxdx ,
u

uv   vdu   udv

 udv  uv   vdu
 Integration by parts
FORMULA FOR INTEGRATION BY PARTS.

 udv  uv   vdu

REMARK 1: Aim in using integration by parts is to obtain a simpler integral

than the one we started with.

REMARK2: How to choose u and dv to obtain simpler integral.

 OR we may use
LIATE for choosing u

L I A T E
L : Logarithmic functions; Examples: ln(x), log2(x), etc.
I : Invers trigo functions; Examples: tan-1(x), sin-1(x), etc.
A : Algebraic functions; Examples: x, 3x2, etc.
T : Trigo functions; Examples: tan(x), cos(x), sin(x), , etc.
E : Exponential functions; Examples: ex , 2x , etc.
 Integration by parts
 u dv  uv   vdu
Be familiar with the
formula

Example 1 Example 2

Find  dx
x e x Find  x sin x dx

ux dv  e x dx ux dv  sin xdx

du  dx v  ex du  dx v   cos x
 u dv  uv   vdu  u dv  uv   vdu
 xe x   e x dx  x cos x     cos x dx
 xe x  e x  C  sin x  x cos x  C
 Integration by parts
Example 3

 e dt
2 t
Find t

u  t2 dv  et dt u  2t dv  et dt
du  2tdt v  et du  2dt v  et

 u dv  uv   vdu     dt
t t t
2te dt 2te 2 e
 2te t  2e t
    dt
2 t 2 t t
t e dt t e 2te

    )C
2 t 2 t t t
t e dt t e ( 2te 2e
Repeat integration by part
Example 4 Example 5

 ln x Find  ln x dx
2
Find dx x

u  ln x dv  dx u  ln x dv  x 2 dx
1 1 x3
du  dx vx du  dx v
x x 3
 udv  uv   vdu  udv  uv   vdu
1  x3 x3  1 
 x ln x   x dx   ln x    dx 
x  3 3 x 
 x ln x   dx x3 1 x3 1  x3 
 ln x   x 2 dx  ln x     C
 x ln x  x  C 3 3 3 3 3 
x3 x3
 ln x   C
3 9
Example 6

 sin x dx
x

e
x e
Find sin x dx
 e x sin x   e x cos xdx

u  sin x dv  e dxx 
 e x sin x  e x cos x   e x sin xdx 
du  cos xdx ve x  e x sin x  e x cos x   e x sin xdx

    cos xdx
x x x
e sin x dx e sin x e So, 2 e x sin xdx  e x sin x  e x cos x
Repeat integration by part e x sin x  e x cos x
 e sin xdx  C
x

u  cos x dv  e x dx 2

du   sin xdx v  ex
 
REMARK 3:
e cos x dx  e cos x    e sin xdx
x x x
Sometimes a repeated application of
integration by parts leads back to an
 e x cos x   e x sin xdx integral similar to our original one. If so,
this expression can be combined with
Same as original integral original integral.
Example 7

Find  e x cos 3x dx

u  cos 3 x dv  e x dx
du  3 sin 3 xdx v  ex
 cos 3x dx
x
e
 sin x dx  uv   vdu  
x
e
 e x cos 3x  3 e x sin 3x  3 e x cos 3xdx
 e x cos 3 x  3 e x sin 3 xdx
 e x cos 3x  3e x sin 3x  9 e x cos 3xdx
Repeat integration by part
u  sin 3 x dv  e x dx
du  3 cos 3 xdx v  ex So, 10 e x cos 3xdx  e x cos 3 x  3e x sin 3x

 sin 3x dx e x cos 3 x  3e x sin 3 x

x
e
 e cos 3xdx  C
x

10
 uv   vdu
Same as original integral
 e x sin 3x  3 e x cos 3 xdx
Example 8
1
 arcsin x dx  uv   vdu
Find  arcsin x dx
0

 x arcsin x   1  x 2 
 x arcsin x  1  x 2
u  arcsin x dv  dx 1

1 So,  arcsin x dx
du  dx vx 0
1 x
 
2
1
 x arcsin x  1  x 2

 arcsin x dx  uv   vdu  (1) arcsin 1   

0

1  12  0 arcsin 0  1  0 2
x
 x arcsin x   dx  arcsin 1  1
1 x 2
 0.571

u  1 x2 du  2 xdx
x x du 1  12 1  12 
 1 x 2
dx  
u  2 x 
   u du   2u 
2 2 
1
 u   1  x 2
2
Example 10 Example 11

ln x 1
Find  2 dx Find  xln x 
3
dx
x
1
u  ln x 2
dv  x dx u dv 
1
ln x 3 x
dx
1 1
du  dx v 3 v  ln x
x x du  dx
xln x 
4

 uv   vdu
ln x  3 
 uv   vdu    ln x  dx
4 

ln x  11
     dx ln x 3
 xln x  
x  x x
1 1
ln x 2  xln x
ln x ln x  1    3 dx
   x  2 dx     3
x x  x
ln x 1 1 1
  C  2 dx 
xln x  ln x 2
3
x x
1 1
 xln x 3 dx  
2ln x 
2
C