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ERAS
1942-1607 Exploration
1607-1733 Colonization
1733-1760 Old Colonial Period
1763-1783 Revolutionary
1783-1787 Articles of Confederation
1787-1789 Constitution Writing
1789-1800 Federalist Period
1800-1816 Quasi War, Jeffersonian Period
1816-1824 Era of Good Feeling
1824-1828 John Quincy Adams
1828-1836 Age of Jackson
1836-1840 Panic, Van Buren, Whigs
1840-1850 Era of Expansion
1850-1860 Leading up to Civil War
1860-1865 Civil War
1865-1876 Reconstruction
1876-1900 The Gilded Age
1900-1914 Progressives
1914-1920 World War I
1920-1930 Roaring Twenties
1930-1940 Great Depression & New Deal
1941-1945 World War II
1945-1952 Truman and the Cold War
1952-1960 Eisenhower, Cold War, 20s on repeat, Civil Rights
1960-1963 Kennedy, Vietnam, Space….CAMELOT
1963-1968 The Great Society, Lyndon Johnson
1968-1973 Nixon, China, Watergate
1974-1976 Gerald Ford, recession
1976-1980 Jimmy Carter
1980-1988 Ronald Regan, Conservative, Reganomics
1988-1992 Bush Senior—Gulf war
1992-2000 Bill Clinton—Signs NAFTA
2000-2008 George W. Bush
2008-Now Obama

Spain & Prtugal were competing to explore the New World

Events
 Crusades made people want goods from other areas… middle east & India
 Portuguese began exploring (Africa)
 Vasco de Gama—Explored India
 School of Navigators (St. Henry) in Portugal
Reconquista
 Ferdinand and Isabella trying to get the Moors out of Spain; Moors controlled from 711-
1492

1492: Ferdinand and Isabella give Columbus permission & boats to explore

Why was Europe’s pop growing?

 New farming tech. (agricultural rev.)  more food greater pop growth

Renaissance
 Intellectual & artistic flowering
 Revolt against religious authority (secular movement)
 “humanism”: people begin to see the goodness in humans & viewed life as good rather
than suffering; celebrating human possibility
 Centered in Florence, Italy
 Printing press helped spread the revival
 Started in N. Italy b/c they were rich merchants
 Feudal system to monarchies

Spanish Goals
1. God—spread Catholicism
2. Gold
3. Glory

Christopher Columbus & the Tainos

 1492-trying to find route to Asia & ran into the new world
 Sold his plan: “Enterprise to the Indies” to Isabel & Ferdinand
 Discovered the clockwise circulation of Atlantic winds
 Mistreated the Tainos (native peoples)

Why were Spanish successful w/ conquering the Aztecs

 Disease
 Superior Arms
 Allied w/ enemies of the Aztecs
 Horses
 Aztecs thought Cortes was a God

Bernard de las Casas

 Priest who stuck up for the Indians
 Apostle of the Indians
 Suggested they use blacks as worker slaves instead

Diseases
 Virgin Soil Epidemics: killed natives b/c no one had immunity b/c they’d never
experienced it.
 All diseases EXCEPT syphilis came from the Old world to the New World
Colombian Exchange
NewOld
 Tomatoes
 Potatoes
 Turkeys
 Pumpkins
 Squash
 Peanuts
 Corn
 Syphilis

Old New
 Domesticated animals
 Roses
 Wheat
 Rice
 Horses & Cattle
 Diseases
 Technology
 Citrus
 Sugarcane

INDIANS HAD DOGS!

Explorer Dates
 Balboa:1513: Pacific Ocean
 Ponce de Leon: 1513: Florida
 Magellan: 1519: Around the world
 Cortes: 1521: Killed Aztecs
 Pizarro: 1534: Conquered Incas
 Coronado: 1541: looking for the 7 cities of Cibola… never found them

Cabeza de Vaca: wandered New World for 4 years & started 7 cities of gold myth

Pop. Changes in America

 Natives died
 Spanish Increased
 Africans Increased

New Spain
 Viceroyalties: Mexico City & Lima Peru
 Council of the Indies- group who runs the empire but lives in Spain
 Encomienda: right to enslave Indians on your land
 Hacienda system: big farms w/ African slaves
1497-British claim to N. America by John Cabot (Spots mainland, no landing)
1492- Spanish claim to Caribbean by Columbus
1513- Ponce de Leon to N. America
1524- French claim by Verrazano (Spots mainland, no landing)
1534- French claim by Cartier up the St. Lawrence

French looking for the Northwest Passage

English had little interest in the 1500s b/c of the Reformation & Spanish war

1588—English defeat Spanish armada

Queen Elizabeth starts to sponsor colonies

Frontier of Inclusion: Spanish & French

 Intermarried w. Natives
Frontier of Exclusion: English
 No intermarriage w. Natives

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): Dividing America b/w Portugal & Spain; line of demarcation

French at Ft. Caroline

 Protestants= Huguenots (French Calvinists)
 John Ribault (Navy Admiral)
o King allowed protestants to leave w/ him
o Settled Ft. Caroline in FL
o Spanish king sent Menendez to kick them out of Ft. Caroline
 Spanish attack during hurricane & kill women & Children
 Slaughter 200 protestants @ Matanzas (place of the slaughter

Social Order
 Peninsulares: Original Spaniards from Spain
 Creoles: children of Peninsulares
 Mestizos: Indian & Spanish mix
 Mulattoes: Black & Spanish mix
 Maroons: Black & Indian mix

French: Fur Trade & Fishing in America

 More beneficial to the French than the Indians
 Indians became dependant on French stuff
 Warfare b/w Natives b/c they all wanted to be number one traders w/ French

1585, 86, & 87—Roanoke colonies by Sir Walter Raleigh (joint-stock)

Race to convert Indians: French Jesuits vs. Spain’s Franciscans

Sir Francis Drake: English captain, raided Pacific Spanish settlements, sponsored by Elizabeth
Jamestown
 Join-stock: London Company of Virginia
 Bad water, failure settlement
 1607: All men to Jamestown, 1st official settlement; FAILURE
 Winter of 1609-10: “Starving time” Also a failure
 Jamestown people= Lazy; John Smith saves them & kicks them into shape
 Saved by tobacco growing; never starve again
o Conflict w/ Indians over farming lands
 John Rolfe: Pocahontas’ husband & discovered tobacco hybrid
 Attacked by Indians
o 1622 &1644
 Led by Powhatan’s Brother… Opecancanough
 King James later takes over Jamestown as a royal colony for the tobacco money

Chesapeake
 MD & VA
 Maryland = Catholic (founded 1632) (Proprietary colony)
 Indentured servants: young single men looking for opportunities, no families
o Head right: if someone buys an indentured servant, they got a 50 acre land right
 Grew tobacco

Events of 1619
 Virginia gets the House of Burgesses
 1st Black people arrive as indentured servants
 Bride ship

Henry the 8th Protestants

 Anglicans & Episcopalians & Church of England

Pilgrims
 Came over for religious reasons
 Pilgrims: separatists left Church of Eng.
 Plymouth, MA 1620
 Charter colony from king
 Led by William Bradford; Aimed for VA ended up in MA
 Mayflower Compact: binds all passengers into a civil body politic; rule by majority & stick
together
 Squanto welcomes them
o Pilgrims ask for help, Squanto goes to Massoit (leader) to get permission to help
and he says okay
 End up as successful lumberjacks & gives incentive to puritans

Puritans
 Non-separatists wanted to purify Church of England
 Came over as families
 Came prepared
  1630-1640, great migration of puritans
 Houses around the green, farmland behind
 Governor & assembly selected by Freeman (male, churchgoing, 21)
 City on a Hill—John Winthrop
 Big on education so their kids could read the bible
 Subservient women
 “the Elect”- those who have a born again experience

Puritan Dissenters
 Anne Hutchinson: believed you did not need good works for salvation; faith alone saves
 Roger Williams: believed in separation of Church & State
o Founded Providence, RI
 Thomas Hooker: disagreed w/ restricted suffrage to men
o Founded Hartford, CT
o Wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
 1st written constitution in the New World
 John Davenport: didn’t think puritans were strict enough
o Founded New Haven, CT

Metacom = King Phillip

 Raised among Eng. colonists & believed his people had a future in the colonial world
 Pressured to grant colonial authority sovereign authority over home territory, causing
King Phillips War (1676)
 Colonists killed & beheaded Metacom & ran thru town with his head on a stick

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

 Rebels felt that the gov. of VA failed to protect the Frontier from native American attacks
& punished Americans for counter attacks
 Rebels burned Jamestown
 Rich vs. Poor; Frontier vs. Coast
o Culpepper’s Rebellion (1677): N. Carolina

Mustees: Slave men + Indian women

Quakers
 Believe in equality of all people
 Settled PA
 Led by William Penn
 Proprietary colony

Proprietary colony: Land granted to group or proprietors and they run the place however they
want
Charter colony: King granted a charter to the colonial government establishing the rules under
which the colony was to be governed
Royal colony: colony owned/run by the King
Task System: slaves have a certain amount of work to do and once they get that done they are
done for the day; used on rice plantations
Gang System: slaves work under an overseer and the day ends whenever the overseers says
they are through; used on tobacco plantations

Virginia Slave Code: if your mom was a slave, so are you

African culture survives on black plantations because there are mostly blacks

Native population died, they began to use African Americans as slaves

Bartolome de las Casas advocate for basic human rights
 Protested cruelty to the Indians under the encomienda system

Exports in the North: Lumber & Fish (Cod)

Exports in the South: Rice, Indigo, Tobacco

British = mean to the Indians

French= Nice to the Indians

Maryland
 1st proprietary colony Calvert family Catholic Haven
o Maryland Act of Religious Toleration (1649)

New Hampshire= Massachusetts overflow

King Charles gave 8 men an area of land for helping him regain the throne post-restoration…
became the Carolinas
 NC Virginia overflow
 SC populated by sugar colony of Barbados
o SLAVERY

French Crescent:
 Area occupied by the French stretching from the great lakes, down the Mississippi;
crescent shaped
 Trapped the English in a confined area

New France
 1st French Colony: 1608, Quebec founded by Champlain
 French only sent men and well behaved Catholics
 1682, La Salle claims all interior of the country for France
 Handicapped by lack of population
 Courier de Bois: fur trapper

New Netherlands
 Dutch send Henry Hudson: 1609 looking for NW passage
 Fur traders
  Manhattan Island= colony
 Trading colony
 Patroon System: Feudal lords farming system
o People don’t like it cause they feel like they have no rights

Charles II gave his brother/cousin James (Duke of York) all the Dutch land in America as long
as he can conquer it.
 Doesn’t want a representative assembly
 1680, gives them the assembly anyway
 Gives 2friends a piece… New Jersey (Berkley & Carteret)

New England
 Grew because of natural increase
 Healthy climate; Families Natural increase
 Stable well ordered society

Swedish people brought log cabins

Spanish Borderlands: New Mexico, Texas, Florida

Navigation Acts were part of Mercantilism

 Colonies could only trade with Britain because they must benefit the mother country

Great Awakening
 Series of religious revivals
 Greatest effect on youngsters
 Increased overall religious involvement
 Caused people to question their values & values of society
 New Lights vs. Old lights
o New lights believe you had to be born again to be baptized
o Old Lights believed ministers had to be highly educated but not necessarily
converted or born again
 Disrupted established churches
 Promoted a more democratic approach: you don’t have to be rich to be saved
 Johnathan Edwards: started G.A.; taught that God’s desire to save would keep them
from hell
 George Whitefield: traveling speaker who inspired many to Christianity

Horses were brought to the Great Plains by the Spanish.

Restoration: return to monarchy in England after Oliver Cromwell (1660)

All colonies after 1660 are restoration colonies

French & Indian War

 Americans got mad because the French were building Ft. Duquesne at the forks of the
Ohio & they claimed it was their land
  Sent G. Washington to expel the French from Ohio territory (fail)
 Sent Gen. Braddock to attack fort; attack=fail; Braddock=dead
 No colonial cooperation w/ British forces during the war
 AKA Seven Years War

Albany Conference (1754): Meeting to figure out whose side the Indians were on
 Ben Franklin proposes Albany Plan of Union
o Intercolonial Union to manage defense and Indian Affairs
 Reps at meeting agreed but colonies wouldn’t go for it

Treaty of Paris of 1763

 Ended the French & Indian War
 French lose all of their land to British
 Spain loses FL to British

Covenant Chain—all other Indian tribes must go through Iroquois for trading
Pontiac’s Rebellion
 Pontiac & Neolin = example of religious and political leaders combo
o Neolin: Delaware Prophet; taught that white ways were bad
 1763, simultaneously attack all British forts in West

Proclamation of 1763
 Set aside region west of the Appalachians as Indian Country to keep settlers and Indians
apart
 Keeping British soldiers to protect colonists costs money, causing the British to tax.

Your Sugar Stamp Declares my Townshend Tea Intolerable

Sugar Act: 1764, duty on imported sugar & increased restrictions on colonial commerce
Stamp Act: 1765, tax for stamped paper; newspapers, legal docs, licenses, insurance policies,
playing cards etc.
 Stamp Act resolutions: Patrick Henry
 Stamp Act Congress in NYC: agreed on a non importation movement
1766, Stamp Act repealed b/c of non importation
Declaratory Act: 1766, “we may have just repealed the stamp act, but we can still tax you
whenever we want”
 Caused the spread of the non importation movement into rural areas
Townshend Revenue Acts: 1767, import duties on lead, glass, paint, paper, and tea
Tea Act: 1773, tax on tea
 Boston Tea Party: 1778, response by colonists to the tea act
Intolerable Acts: 1774, made to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party
1. Boston Port Bill: prohibited loading or unloading ships until colonists paid for the tea they
dumped
2. MA gov. Act: annulled the colonial charter: delegates no longer elected by the assembly
3. Administration of Justice Act: protected British officials from colonial courts
4. Quartering Act: legalized the housing of troops at the public expense
 5. Quebec Act: permanent gov for the territory taken from France; authoritarian & anti
republican gov.
Effects of Stamps Act
 Sons of liberty formed
 Stamp Act Congress (Albany)
 No taxation without representation
 Hanging tax collectors in effigy

March 5, 1770, Boston Massacre

December 16, 1773, Boston Tea Party
April 18, 1775, Midnight ride of Paul Revere

1st continental congress: response to the Intolerable Acts

 Suffolk Resolves: organize militia, end trade with Britain, refuse to pay taxes
 Plan another meeting for May 1775

2nd Continental Congress: planned at 1st Continental Congress

 Decide to have an army
 Chose G. Washington
 Olive Branch Petition to the King
 Declaration of the Causes and Taking up of Arms

Revolution
 Lexington & Concord: 1st Battles
 Battle of Saratoga: turning point in war; French decide to lend a hand
 Valley Forge: Hard winter for G. Washington & troops
 Ethan Allen raids ft. Ticonderoga & steal cannons…. June 1775
 Battle of Yorktown: Last major battle
 Battle of Bunker Hill: June 1775, ran out of ammo

Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the War

 England must recognize US as a separate nation
 W. boundary= Mississippi River
 S. Boundary= Florida
 Britain keeps Canada
 Remove all troops

Common Sense: Thomas Payne, January 1776

No sense for little country to rule big
Monarchy is crap

John Dickinson: Moderate PA farmer

Prohibitory Act: King abandoning colonies
Richard Henry Lee: June 1776, 1st call to independence
Jefferson Wrote Dec. of Independence
 Read July 2
  Ratified & signed July 4

Why did the British shift the war to the South?

 They thought there were more Loyalists in the South
 Loyalists= Torries

British send Generals Howe & the Heishen Army

 Thomas Howe: Army
 Admiral Richard Howe: Navy

British strategy for War= 3 prong attack

Articles of Confederation
 1st form of government
o Congress ruled; no judicial or executive
o One vote per state, 2/3 vote for bills, too much state powers
 Problem: congress couldn’t tax
 Northwest Ordinance of 1787
o prohibited slavery in the NW territories
o established gov. for NW territory
o rules for creating new states
o Granted limited self gov.
 Land Ordinance of 1785
o Created the grid system of surveys by which all subsequent public land was
made available for sale
o Set aside one section of every township for education

Shay’s Rebellion
 Debt ridden farmers in MA
 Winter of 1786-87
 Forced people to think about a central gov. & caused fear of mob rule

Annapolis Convention
 VA invites all states to a convention in 1786
 Few delegates
 Needed to strengthen national gov. called a Constitutional Convention for May 1787
 Only planned to revise Articles

Constitutional Convention
 VA Plan: favored larger states; bicameral congressional representation based on pop.
 NJ Plan: equal representation in unicameral congress
 Connecticut Compromise: by Roger Sherman
o 2 independently voting senators per state & representation in the House of reps
based on pop.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

  Federalists: pro-constitution; strong central gov; loose constructionists
 Anti-Federalists: Anti- constitution; strict constructionists

Mercy Otis Warren= Patriot during revolution & anti-federalist

 Believed it would defeat the purpose of the revolution

9 out of 13 states must ratify the Constitution

Federalists got 9, but were missing the 2 largest states: NY & VA
 Federalist papers written by Jay, Madison, & Hamilton to convince NY to ratify
 Bill of Rights added to convince VA to ratify

George Washington’s Cabinet

 Sec. of State: Thomas Jefferson
 Sec. of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
 Sec. of War: Henry Knox

Hamilton
 Leader of the Federalists
 3 part plan:
o Report on the Public Credit: pay back war debts & assume state debts in order to
restore faith in finances of country
o Bank of the United States: creation of a national bank; elastic clause used to
justify it; caused the beginnings of the party systems
o Report on Manufactures: tariffs by gov to promote industry (not passed)

Judiciary Act of 1789

 6 members on the Supreme Court
 3 circuit courts
 13 district courts

Elastic clause: Congress can make any law that is necessary and proper

Loose Construction: used their own interpretation of the constitution

Strict Construction: read the Constitution literally

Anti-Federalists became Democratic Republicans

Charles Wilson Peale & John Trumbull

 War artists; painted portraits & battles; uniquely American scenes

Federalist Period: Washington & Adams

3 Compromises in Constitution
1. Commerce Clause: congress can tax imports but not exports
2. 3/5 compromise: every 5 slaves count as 3 votes in the House of Reps
3. Connecticut Compromise: combo of VA plan & NJ plan
3 mentions of slavery in constitution
 Fugitive slave clause
 Ban on international slave trade in 20 years
 3/5 Compromise

Intercourse Act of 1790: any trade or commerce with Indians must be through the government

Whiskey Rebellion
 Excise tax on whiskey
 Farers rebelled
 Washington CRUSHED

XYZ Affair: John Adams

 French tried to get a bribe out of America
 Made Americans mad at the French & want war

Alien and Sedition Acts

 Acts aimed at silencing the Democratic Republicans
 Violated freedom of speech & freedom of press

VA & KY Resolutions Madison & Jefferson

 Nullification theory: if a state disagreed with a law, they don’t have to follow it
 In response to the Alien & Sedition Acts
 The fact that these two popular people approved of the nullification theory was bad news

Jeffersonian Democrats
 Agrarian republic
 Small central gov
 States rights

Difference between Jeffersonian & Jacksonian Democrats

 Jacksonian said that anyone could lead, Jeffersonian said that only the educated people
should lead

Changes from 1800-1850

 GROWTH!!
o Population
o Total area
o Per capita income
o Transportation revolution
o Market Revolution
 Commercialization
 Industrialization
 Transportation
People moved west via railroads & canals

Spanish forts/missions in CA were protection against Russia

War of 1812= SECTIONAL

 North: no war
 South & West: War Hawks
 Battle of Lake Erie= turning point of the War
 Hartford Convention: New Eng.= “if we don’t end the war, we will secede from the
nation”
 Treaty of Ghent- ends war, no promises made, no land traded

Hartford Convention + death of Alexander Hamilton= end of federalists

Panic of 1819 because of the return of the bank

1816 election
 Rufus King, last federalist candidate
 James Monroe won
o Era of good feeling
o Sec. of state: JQA

Marbury v. Madison
 ESTABLISHED JUDICIAL REVIEW
 Midnight judges appointed by Madison as he was going out of office to keep federalists
in the judicial

Impressments: kidnapping of American soldiers & forcing them to join the British Navy

Adams-Onis  written by John Quincy Adams

 Spain ceded FL
 Spain dropped claims to Louisiana terr. & Oregon
 US dropped claims against Spanish TX and $5 million in lawsuit claims

Transcontinental Treaty written by JQA

 Oregon Boundary= 49th parallel

Monroe Doctrine (1823) By John Quincy Adams

 The eastern hemisphere (Europe) can no longer interfere in North and South America &
if they do it’ll be a cause for war
 The US couldn’t back it up and they would’ve had to rely on the British Navy if anyone
had challenged it

Convention of 1818 w/ Britain J. Quincy Adams

1. 49th parallel=boundary of the LA purchase
2. Shared fishing rights in Newfoundland
 3. Joint occupation of Oregon Territory

Election of 1824 Corrupt Bargain

 Crawford: South
 Henry Clay: West
 Andrew Jackson: West
 John Quincy Adams: North
Jackson & Adams were the top two
No majority of electoral votes, so it is thrown into the House of Reps
Clay, Speaker of the House, convinces people to vote for John Quincy Adams
JQA appoints Clay as his Sec. of State

Missouri Compromise by Henry Clay

 No slave states above 36’ 30
 Missouri = slave state
 Maine= Free State

Reign of King Mob= Andrew Jackson

Referring to the craziness at his inauguration because everyone was invited

Spoils System
 Used by Andrew Jackson
 Giving jobs to friends and supporters

Andrew Jackson’s Negative Activism: the presidential veto

By 1860, south had the least railroads

Dartmouth vs. Woodward & Givens vs. Augden

 Showed that the Federal gov had the final ruling on everything

Hartford Convention & VA and KY resolves = Nullification Theory

Macon’s Bill No. 2

 During the War of 1812
 ‘we’ll trade with whoever makes nice with us first

Washington’s farewell address: ‘unity at home, neutrality abroad’

Anti- Masonic Party

 1st third party
 Held the 1st nomination committee

Exposition and Protest by John C. Calhoun was speaking out against the Tariff of Abominations
which was created under JQA as a protectionist tariff; South HATED it.
Largest export in 1860: Cotton

The South chose not to industrialize because the whole cotton thing was working for them

1793: Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin

1828-1832: Nullification Crisis; During the Jackson presidency because of the tariff of
Abominations

Preindustrial Household= Patriarchal society

Cincinnati= home of the steamboat

Waterfalls + investors= Factories in New England

Women and Children mostly worked in Textile Mills

American System= Interchangeable parts invented by Eli Whitney

Slater: Brought the cotton spinning technology to America

Potato Famine in 1845-49 caused the Irish to flood into America

Irish Immigrants vs. German Immigrants

 Irish
o Catholic
o Lived in port cities because they didn’t have money to move anywhere

 Germans
o Had enough money to move west and buy farms

Walt Whitman
 Leaves of Grass
 Unrhymed poetry

Political machines in cities targeted immigrants because they were poor; usually democrats.

Dorothea Dix: Asylum Reform

American Colonization Society

 Establish country of Liberia
 Wanted to send free blacks to Africa

Northern abolitionists worked through evangelism

Lucretia Mott: Women’s rights
1848, Seneca Falls Convention

Erie Canal
 Turned small towns into big cities
 Connected the East and West

Burned Over District

 Upstate New York
 Named because of the ridiculous amount of ‘fire and brimstone revivals’

Annual Fur Trading Fair in the West= the rendezvous

#1 Cause of Death on the overland trails was disease, not Indian attacks

Liberty Party
 Formed in 1844 & ran first candidate Birney
 Actually did well in the election; showing the discontent over the slavery issue in the
existing parties

Northern Whigs viewed the Mexican War as unnecessary and a southern plot to get more land
for slave states.

Levi Strauss: example of someone going west and making a lot of money who is not in the
mining business but instead in the business of supporting the miners

Wilmot Proviso: suggested no slavery in the territories acquired from Mexico (not passed)

“54’40 or Fight”
 Slogan by James K. Polk (the expansionist president)
 America wanted the Oregon boundary with Britain to be 54’ 40

Slave Power: the aristocratic slave owners dominating the government in the South
 Did it exist?
o Yes, but it wasn’t an organized society like the Northerners imagined

Southerners wanted expansion into Cuba and Mexico for slavery

Jackson’s 3 Battles
1. Indian Removal
2. Nullification Crisis
3. Rotation in office

Young America Movement Franklin Pierce

  Expansion
 Ostend Manifesto: threatening Spain, “If you don’t sell us Cuba, we will take it by force”
o Got leaked to the press

Kansas Nebraska Act Stephen Douglas

 He wanted it because he thought it would lead to the transcontinental railroad being built
in the north
 It said that the Area should be divided into two territories and they would be decided to
be slave or free based on popular sovereignty
 Threw the Missouri Compromise out the window
 CAUSED THE REPUBLICAN PARTY TO FORM

After Southern Secession

 The south wants control of the forts/ports in the South and Lincoln will not let them go
 Forts in the South run out of food, Lincoln sends them supplies; the south attacks the
supply ships
 Fort Sumter was the 1st fort attacked

Border States
 Slave states that did not secede
 Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware