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Annex 2 - Delivery Format - Task 2

This document discusses electromagnetic waves in bounded open media. It provides 3 application exercises involving the calculation of reflection coefficients, transmission coefficients, angles of refraction, and total path lengths using Snell's law. It also provides an example application of sonar for underwater navigation and positioning. References on electromagnetic wave propagation and electrical engineering are cited.

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Diego Alejandro Cardona Giraldo
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54 views

Annex 2 - Delivery Format - Task 2

This document discusses electromagnetic waves in bounded open media. It provides 3 application exercises involving the calculation of reflection coefficients, transmission coefficients, angles of refraction, and total path lengths using Snell's law. It also provides an example application of sonar for underwater navigation and positioning. References on electromagnetic wave propagation and electrical engineering are cited.

Uploaded by

Diego Alejandro Cardona Giraldo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Task 2 - Electromagnetic waves in bounded open media

Individual work format

Diego Alejandro Cardona Giraldo


Group 203058_62
1007423285

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD


Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas
2021 16-04
Exercises development

Activity
Answers: (write with your own words)
1. There is the longitudinal mode and the transversal modes, the latter is
classified into Electrical Transversal, Magnetic Transversal, Electromagnetic
Transversal and Hybrid
2. It is the phenomenon in which the electromagnetic wave collides with
another transmission medium, and it is completely reflected without part of it
being transferred to the other medium.
3. It is the phenomenon in which the electromagnetic wave collides with
another transmission medium, and this is transmitted completely to the
medium without part of it being reflected.
4. The purpose of Snell's law is to calculate the angle of refraction of the
electromagnetic wave when passing from one transmission medium to
another.
Application exercises:
For the development of the following exercises, note that ¿ corresponds to the
group number and CCC to the last 3 digits of the identification number.
2
+¿=100 mW /m ¿
1. An electromagnetic wave of f =62 MHzand P1 , incident from the air
(η1 =120 π Ω), perpendicular to an infinite wall with an intrinsic impedance
η2= ( 285+10 ) Ω=295 Ω. Calculate the reflected power P−¿ 1 and the transmitted
¿

+¿¿
power P2 to the wall.

Figure 1: Propagation of “normal wave” in infinite medium.


Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: according to the concept of power, explain the meaning of
−¿ ¿ +¿¿
the value obtained for P1 and P2 .

Developing

Reflection coefficient
η2−η1 295 Ω−120 πΩ
Γ= = =−0.122012
η2+ η1 295 Ω+120 πΩ

Reflectance
2 2
R=|Γ| =|−0.122012| =0.015=1.5 %

Transmittance
2
T =1−| Γ| =100 %−1.5 %=0.985=98.5 %

Reflected power
¿

transmitted power
¿

mW
Interpretation: 1.5 of power from the incident wave was reflected and
m2
mW
98.5 of power was transmitted to the other medium.
m2
2
mW /m ¿
2. An electromagnetic wave of f =62 MHzand P+¿=100 1 , coming from a wave
generator located 12 cm from the wall, which impinges from the air
( η1 =120 π Ω )perpendicularly on a wall with an intrinsic impedance
η2=(285+10)Ω and 20 cm thick. The wall is made of a non-magnetic and non-
dissipative material. On the other side of the wall is a receiver located 20cm
away.

Figure 2: Propagation of “normal wave” in finite medium.


a. Calculate the coefficient of reflection Ґ and transmission τ seen by the
generator.
b. Determine in [%] and [mW /m2 ]the power Pt that is transmitted to the
receiver.
Attention, for the calculations:
1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific
Interpretation: According to the concepts explored, explain the meaning of
the value obtained for Ґ , τ and Pt .

Developing

a. Reflection coefficient

η¿−ηaire
Γ=
η¿ +η aire

Input impedance
n3 + j n2 tan( βx )
n¿ =n 2 Phase constant
n2 + j n3 tan( βx )

ω η1 2 π ∙ 6.2∙ 107 Hz∙ 377 Ω


β= = =1.6595 Rad/m
C o η2 3 ∙108 m/ s ∙295 Ω

Input impedance
Rad
377 Ω+ j295 Ω tan( 1.6595 ∙ 0.2 m)
n + j n2 tan( βx ) m
n¿ =n 2 3 =295 Ω =( 353.2517−i53.9182 ) Ω
n2 + j n3 tan( βx ) Rad
295 Ω+ j 377 Ω tan( 1.6595 ∙ 0.2 m)
m
Reflection coefficient face 1
η¿ −η aire ( 353.2517−i53.9182 ) Ω−377Ω
Γ 1= = =−0.0269−i 0.0758
η¿ +ηaire ( 353.2517−i 53.9182 ) Ω+377 Ω

transmission coefficient face 1


t 1=1+ Γ 1=0.9731−i0.0758

transmittance and reflectance face 1


2 2
T 1=1−|Γ 1| =1−|−0.0269−i 0.0758| =0.9935=99.35 %

R1=1−T 1=1−0.9935=0.0065=0.65 %

b. Reflection coefficient face 2

η3 −η2 377 Ω−295 Ω


Γ2= = =0.1220
η3+ η2 377 Ω+295 Ω

transmittance and reflectance face 2


2 2
T 2=1−|Γ 2| =1−|0.1220| =0.9851=98.51 %

R2=1−T 2 =1−0.9851=0.0149=1.49 %

power transmitted to receiver


T t=T 1 ∙ T 2=0.9935 ∙0.9851=0.9787=97.87 %
mW mW
+¿∙T t =100 2
∙ 0.9787=97.87 2 ¿
m m
Pt =P1

Interpretation: According to the results obtained, it can be deduced that


−0.0269−i0.0758 is the amplitude of the reflected wave, 0.9731−i 0.0758 is the
mW
amplitude of the transmitted wave and 97.87 2 is the total power that reaches
m
to the receiver.
3. An electromagnetic wave propagates through several media as shown in the
graph.

Figure 3: Propagation of “oblique wave” in finite media.


Initially the ray travels through the ice layer striking the air layer at point B,
forming an angle of θa =50 °. Using Snell's Law, calculate step by step the total
path of the wave to determine the value of "d". Note that each layer is
(285+10)mm thick.

Attention, for the calculations:


1. Replace your values (with units) in the equation.
2. Perform the operation on a virtual scientific calculator. *
3. Paste the calculator image into the report.
4. Write the answer with your units.
If the image is not included, the exercise rating is 0 points.
* You can use https://www.geogebra.org/scientific

Developing
Data
n1 =1.31

n2 =1.0002926

n3 =1.50

analysis at point B
n1 Sen ( θ a ' )=n2 Sen ( θb )

n1
θb =Sen
−1
( n2
Sen ( θ a ' ) )
1.31
θb =Sen−1 ( 1.0002926 Sen ( 40° ) )=57.33 °

x 1=295 mm ∙ tan ( θb ) =295 mm ∙ tan (57.33 ° )=460.06 mm


analysis at point C
n2 Sen ( θ b )=n3 Sen ( θc )

n2
θc =Sen
−1
( n3
Sen ( θ b ) )
θc =Sen−1 ( 1.0002926
1.50
Sen ( 57.33 ° ))=34.15 °

x 2=295 mm ∙ tan ( θc )=295 mm∙ tan ( 34.15 ° )=200.11 mm

Final score
d= x1 + x 2=460.06 mm+200.11mm=660.17 mm
Application example

Example: One application of sound waves is sonar that uses wave reflection,
this is used for navigation and positioning of marine objects: from fishing boats
in search of fish, to marine boats that map the seabed or treasure hunters in
search of sunken ships, even submarines to find their routes or the enemy.

Video link

URL: https://youtu.be/UOTRMcXFRD4

References

 Reference 1: Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook.


Boston: Academic Press, (pp. 519-524). Recovered
from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-
live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_519

 Reference 2: Wiley, J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave


Propagation. Fixed Broadband Wireless. (pp. 25-70). Recovered
from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?
url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=aci&AN=14505422&lang=es&site=ehost-live

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