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Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India

Mathematics developed greatly in ancient and medieval India. Some of the most notable Indian mathematicians included Aryabhatta in the 5th century AD, who worked on approximations of pi and trigonometric functions. Algebra, indeterminate equations, and the decimal number system also originated in India. Later mathematicians like Bhaskara I and II further advanced trigonometry, developing formulas for sine functions of angles over 90 degrees. Indian mathematics had a significant influence on later mathematics in the Middle East and Europe.

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168 views3 pages

Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India

Mathematics developed greatly in ancient and medieval India. Some of the most notable Indian mathematicians included Aryabhatta in the 5th century AD, who worked on approximations of pi and trigonometric functions. Algebra, indeterminate equations, and the decimal number system also originated in India. Later mathematicians like Bhaskara I and II further advanced trigonometry, developing formulas for sine functions of angles over 90 degrees. Indian mathematics had a significant influence on later mathematics in the Middle East and Europe.

Uploaded by

Ogaban Jamil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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St.

Vincent College of Cabuyao


Mamatid Cabuyao Laguna

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

History of Mathematics

in

Ancient and Medieval

India

Prepared by:
Ogaban, Jamil A.

Mathematics in Ancient and Medieval India

India had a glorious past in every walk of knowledge. However, the Indian
contribution to the field of mathematics is not so well known. During the
classic period Aryabhatta were the most celebrated mathematicians during

1
St. Vincent College of Cabuyao
Mamatid Cabuyao Laguna

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

that period. He was born in 476 AD with much controversy over his birth place.
He is known for his famous treatise aryabhatta. Credits conferred to him
include the value of pi. Aryabhatta worked on the approximate value of pi, and
have come to the conclusion that it is irrational.

Indeterminate equation and algebra, aryabhatta gives the area of a triangle.


And discuss the concept of sine in his work. For today known as diophantine
equation.The indeterminate equation was always discussed in aryabhatta.

Hindu-Arabic numeralsare a decimal, or base-ten, place-value number system


with the ten digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 as fundamental building blocks.
Each digit in a number has a place value depending on its position. Decimal,
also called Hindu-Arabic, or Arabic, number system, in mathematics, positional
numeral system employing 10 as the base and requiring 10 different numerals,
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. It also requires a dot (decimal point) to
represent decimal fractions. In this scheme, the numerals used in denoting a
number take different place values depending upon position. In a base-10
system the number 543.21 represents the sum (5 × 102) + (4 × 101) + (3 × 100)
+ (2 × 10−1) + (1 × 10−2). See numerals and numeral systems.

Combinatoricsis a branch of mathematics which is about counting – and we


will discover many exciting examples of thingsyou can count.
First combinatorial problems have been studied by ancient Indian, Arabian and
Greek mathematicians. Interest in the subject increased during the 19th and
20th century, together with the development of graph theory and problems
like the four colour theorem. Some of the leading mathematicians include
Blaise Pascal (1623 – 1662), Jacob Bernoulli (1654 – 1705) and Leonhard Euler
(1707 – 1783).

The Indians used geometry to construct temples and altars. People developed
their geometry knowledge and skills over time from everyday use or from
temple buildings.

2
St. Vincent College of Cabuyao
Mamatid Cabuyao Laguna

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT

The study oftrigonometrywas first started in India. The ancient Indian


Mathematicians. Aryabhatta (476), Brahmagupta (598). Bhaskara I (600) and
Bhaskara II (1114) got important results. All this knowledge first went from
India to the middle-east and from there to Europe. The Greeks had also started
the study of trigonometry but their approach was so clumsy that when the
Indian approach became known, it was immediately adopted throughout the
world. In India, the predecessor of the modern trigonometric functions, known
as the sine of an angle, and the introduction of the sine function represents
the main contribution of the siddhantas (Sanskrit astronomical works) to the
history of mathematics. Bhaskara I (about 600) gave formula to find the values
of sine functions
for angles more than 90°. A sixteenth century Malayalam work Yuktibhasa
(period) contains a proof for the expansion of sin (A + B). Exact expression for
sines or cosines of 18%, 36° 54°, 72°, etc. are given by

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