DGE502/EGE502

NGEC 2 READINGS IN
MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA
PHILIPPINE HISTORY POINT DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan

SECTION TITLE MODULE

ISSUE NO. 0 REVISION NO. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE:

NAME: PARIENTE, JEFF ANDRIAN SECTION: TAIHO

ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY 2
Complete the table below.
Quantity Definition (Fill in the blank/underline the correct answer) Vector or scalar
quantity
Time ∙Symbol: T Scalar
∙ At a particular instant of time, a physical object can be
present at indefinite location.
∙ Time can never decrease.
Location/position ∙ Symbol:m Vector
∙ It is defined with respect to some
reference point (origin) of given
frame of reference.
Consider a particle which moves from
location r1 (at time t1) to location r2
(at time t2) as shown in the figure
below, following path ACB.
∙ Symbol: d Scalar
Distance
∙ Formula: d=st ,(distance equals speed multiply ¿time)
∙ The total length of the actual path traversed by the
particle
∙ length of path ACB.
∙ It can never decrease with time.

∙ The change in position of the particle at a given Vector

Displacement
time interval

∙ It can increase (with time.

∙ It can be (+, -, 0)
∙ Distance is always equal to displacement onl
and only if particle is moving along a straight line without
any change in direction.
∙ Symbol: V ave ∨v́ Scalar
Average speed
∆x
∙ Formula: v́=
∆t
∙ the total distance traveled by a particle over the time it takes
to travel this distance
∙ is always (+)
Average velocity Vector
Symbol: v
D
 ∙ Formula: v=
t
 ∙ Is defined as the chance in position of an object
over its time interval
 ∙ can be (-)
 Multivalued function can be a many valued functions
 but single valued would be always a single valued
function.
Scalar
Instantaneous Speed ∙ Symbol: v
∙ is the speed at a particular instant of time ∙ It may have
the (same, different) value than that of average speed.

Vector
Instantaneous Velocity ∙ Symbol: v
∙ This has the same formula as the average
velocity
but the time interval is infinitesimally small
∙ Is the velocity at a particular instant of time
∙ It may have the (same, different) value than that of
average velocity.
∙ The magnitude of instantaneous velocity |v| is always
equal to instantaneous speed v.

∙ Symbol: ά Scalar
Average Acceleration ∙ Formula: α ∆ v=v 2−v 1
∆ t=t 2−t 1
∙ is defined as the change in velocity divided by time
taken to make this change.
∙ If the acceleration is zero it means that the velocity Is
velocity of object can be zero or constant.
When the acceleration is negative it means that the
speed of an object is decreasing where the object keeps
slow and slow.
___________________________ __
B. An object was thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 16m.s (refer to the figure on the right).
Determine:
1. Velocity at A
2. Acceleration at A
3. Displacement from A to B (or maximum height reach)
4. Velocity at B
5. acceleration at B
6. The time the object reaches B Time from B
to C
7. Time of flight
8. Displacement from B to C
9. Total distance from A to C
10. Velocity at C

1. Velocity at A
m
V A =16 (upward )
s
When the object is in the air, net force in that will be gravitational force, so acceleration will be due to
gravity only.
m
a A =g=9.8 (downward )
s
m
at maximum height, velocity must be zero V b =o
s
m
a B=g=9.8 ( downward )
s
v 2=u2 +2 as
02 =162 +2 (−9.8 ) H
H=13.06 m

The velocity of the object at point A Is given as u=16 m/s

2. Acceleration at A
The object is launched at point A and only the acceleration due to gravity is acting on it.

Thus, the acceleration of the object at point A is equal to  g=9.8 m/s 2 in the vertically downward direction

3. Displacement from A to B
v=u+at
0=16− ( 9.8 ) t
t=1.63 second
4. Velocity at B

Point B is the highest point of the trajectory and the direction of the velocity of the object changes at point
B. Thus, the velocity of the object at point B is zero.

5. Acceleration at B
The acceleration of the object at point B is still the same as point A that is equal to  g=9.8 m/s 2 in the
downward direction.

6. The time the object reaches B time from B to C

S=13.06 m
m
vi =o
s
m
a=g=9.8 2 ( downward )
s

1
s=vt + a t 2
2
1
13.06= × 9.8 ×t 21
2
t 1=1.63 second
Time from B to C
u2
h=
2g
m

h=
( )
16
s2
m
( )
2 9.8 2
s
h=13.061m
1
h=vt + g t 2
2

1 m 2
13.061 m=0+
2 ( )
9.8 2 ( t ' )
s
t ' =1.632 s

Here, h is the maximum height reached by the object, t' is the time from B to C.
Thus, the time from B to C is 1.632 s

7. Time of flight
For upward motion v=u-gt
At highest point v=o
u
∴ t=
g
2 u 2× 16
total time of flight= = =3.265 sec ⁡
g 9.8

time of flight is3.265 sec

 8. Displacement from B to C
1
maximum height h=ut + g t 2
2
2
1 t
h=0 ×t + ×9.8 ×
2 () 2
1 3.265 2
h= ×9.8 ×
2 ( )
2
=13.06
Displacement ¿ B ¿ C is=13.06 m
9. Total distance from A to C
D=2 ( 13.06 ) =26.12m
v+u+ at
v c =0+9.8 ( 1.69 )
v c =16 m/s
10. Velocity at C
for downward motion v 2=u2 +2 gh
∴ v= √ 2 gh
¿ √ 2× 9.8 ×13.06
¿ 15.99 m/s
C. Problem Solving.

1. A rolling ball moves from x 1=3.0 cm ¿ x 2=−4.2 cm. During the time interval from t 1=3.0 sec ¿ t 2 =6.1 sec .

The average velocity

∆ x x2 −x1 −4.2−3 −7.2 em
V= = = = =−2.32
∆ t t 2 −t 1 6.1−3.0 3.1 s
∴ average velocity isV av =−2.32 em/sec

km
2. A car accelerates along a straight road from rest to 75 ∈5.0 sec .
hr
km 5 375 m
∴ u=0 , v=75 =75 x =
hr 18 18 s
Time t=5.0 sec
v −6 375
∴ Average acceleration ( a )= = =4.166 m/ s2
t 18× 5
3. A drag racer starts her car from rest. i.e. u=o

The acceleration is α =1 mm/ s2

The distance travelled is s=400 m

a. The time required ¿ travelled this distance ist .

1
then , s=ut + a t 2
2
1 2
s=0+ a t
2
2s 2 ×400
∴ t=
√ √ a
=
10
=8.944 sec

b. The speed of the can at the end of run is

v=u+at
¿ 0+10 × 8.944
¿ 89.44 m/ s
4. The final velocity of the car at the end of the run is the initial velocity after the application of the brakes.

(a) The acceleration of the car is determined as:

v=u+at
v=vf + at
 m
0=89.44 +a ( 3 s )
s
a=−29.81 m/ s 2

Here, u is the initial velocity, v is the final velocity after application of the breaks, and a is the acceleration
of the car.

The negative sign of the acceleration indicates that the acceleration is in the opposite direction of the
motion of the car.

thus , theacceleration of the car is−29.81 m/s2

(b) The distance covered by the race car while braking is calculated as :

v 2=u2 +2 as
0=v 2f +2 a s '
m 2 m
(
0= 89.44 ) (
s )
+2 −29.81 2 s '
s
'
s =134.17 m

Here. s' is the distance covered by the race car while braking,

thus , thedistance covered by the race car whilebraking is 134.17 m.

5.
1
s=ut+ a t 2
2
1000 m 30 m
( 1.5 km )( 1 km )( )
=
s
(75 s ) t
a=−0.2667
m m
(
v=u+at v=30 + −0.2667 2 ( 75 s )
s s )
v=10 m/s
6. Given:
Velocity of cruiship = 150 mi/hr
Distance travelled before stopping (s)=500 ft
v 2=u2 +2 as
Where,
v=final velocity
u=initial velocity
a=acceleration
s=travelled distance
u2=2as=o
u2=−2 as
−u2
a=
2s
Now, 1 mile = 5280 ft, 1hr = 3600s

So,
mi 5280 ft ft
150 =150 × =220
hr 3600 s s

Using the first equation

−u2
a=
2s
 ft 2
a=
( s
220 )
=−48.4 ft / s2
2×500 ft
ft
∴ theacceleartion is−48.4 where it is negative indication that it is decreasing with time means it is
s2
decelerating.

7. Initial velocity of ring u=12 mps

= 13 mps
 The weight of the ring is to be neglected
 The air resistance is neglected
a.
The ring reaches at a maximum height (h) and then returns to ground again. At the point of maximum
height, the final velocity of ring (v)=0
v 2=u2 +2 as∨v 2=u2 +2 gh
Where g= acceleration due to gravity-
o 2=( 13 )2 +2 x ( 9.81 ) x
( 13 )2
h=
2 x 9.81
h=8.613 m
The height to which ring reaches= 8.613 m

b. Now time travel to reach the maximum height h=8.613 m can be calculated as-
v=u+¿ where g is (–)
o=13−9.81× t - time ascend-

Further time taken to reach to his hand is time of descend & again equal to td=1.325 sec

∴ total time takent=ta +td

¿ 1.325+1.325
t=2.650 sec

8. Given:
m
initial velocity=6 downward
s
displacement s=30 m
time taken , t=?
acceleration due ¿ gravity=downward
a=constant
1
s=vt + a t 2
2
1
30=0+ ( 9.8 ) t 2
2
60
t 2=
9.8
¿ 2.47 sec

9. u=18 m/ s
Let maximum height is hmou
a. at maximum height speed of bolt v 2=u2 +2 ghmou
( c )2=( 18 )2−2× 9.8 ×hmou
18 ×18
hmou= =16.53 m
2× 9.8
b. Time taken by bolt reach maximum height
v=ut +¿
o=18−9.8 ×t
 18
t= =1.836 seconds
9.8
c. Total distance travelled by bolt
H=2 hmou+height of cadet +26 m
H=2 ×16.53+ 6× 0.305+26
H=60.89m

10. T=2.50 second

Let speed of ball is 6
2u
T=
g
T×g
u=
2
2.50 × 9.8
u=
2
u=12.25 m/ s
Let ball reaches h height
v 2=u2 +2 gh
( u )2= (12.25 )2 −2× 9.8 ×h
12.25 ×12.25
h=
2 ×9.8
h=7.65 m