Webinar DPKIMDS-Nov2021
Webinar DPKIMDS-Nov2021
Pendidikan :
• Ners Keperawatan FIK UI
• Pendidikan ICU Bedah Jantung (CCNP) Institute Jantung Negara (IJN) Malaysia
• Mahasiswa Magister Ilmu Keperawatan (S2) FIK UI, Peminatan Sp.KMB
BLS ACLS
EWS & Code 2015 AHA 2015 AHA
Cardiac Arrest
Blue System Guidelines & Guidelines &
Updates 2020 Updates 2020
PENDAHULUAN
Primary Asystole
?
Asphyxia:
(Airway Obstruction) 5-12 min
(Apnea)
Circulatory Arrest
Pulmonary Failure
Shock
Brain Failure
*Safar P. Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest: research initiatives and
future directions. Ann Emerg Med 22:324,1993
Chain of Survival
AHA 2020
Sumber :
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
6-8 hrs before arrest Cardiac Arrest
Reversible cause of
arrest
- Hypovolemia Early Warning Scoring System
- Hypoxia Staf member worried about the pts
- Hydrogen ion (acidosis) Acute change in :
- Hypo-/Hyperkalemia HR<40 or >130 bpm
- Hypoglycemia sBP<90 mmHg
- Hypothermia RR<8 or >28 bpm
- Toxins Threatened airway
- Tamponade, cardiac SpO2<90%
- Tension pneumothorax Concious state
- Thrombosis coronary Urin<50 mL/hr
- Thrombosis pulmonary
- Trauma
Code Blue System
Code Blue adalah kode panggilan yang
menandakan adanya kondisi kegawat-daruratan
pasien (henti nafas dan henti jantung)
Code Blue
Code Blue tidak diaktifkan pada kondisi atau area :
• DNR
• Fase terminal penyakit Informed
Pasien • Paliatif Care
Concent Sudah
Dilakukan
Asistole
Gbr EKG pada saat terjadi serangan jantung , sekitar 60%-70% adalah irama
Ventricular Fibrilasi (VF)
Henti Jantung
Shockable
DC Shock 360 J Not shockable
monofasik/200J bifasik Do chest compression
Chest compression
CPR
CPR
Early Defibrilation
HIGH QUALITY CPR
Survival with CPR
Early CPR
CPR
CPR
CPR
TheHistory OfCPR
1700s
TheHistory OfCPR
1800s
D R C C A B
Danger : Bahaya.
Respon : Respon.
Call/Shout For Help : Panggil bantuan.
Circulation : Sirkulasi.
Airway : Jalan napas.
Breathing : Pernapasan.
ANJURAN & LARANGAN
BLS UNTUK CPR BERKUALITAS TINGGI
Pada Pasien Dewasa
Penolong HARUS Penolong TIDAK boleh
Melakukan kompresi dada dengan kecepatan Kompresi dada dengan kecepatan lebih
100 – 120 kali/ menit rendah dari 100 x/ menit atau lebih cepat
dari 120 x/ menit
Kompresi dada dengan kedalaman minimal 2 Kompresi dada dengan kedalaman kurang
inchi (5 cm) dari 2 inchi atau lebih dari 2,4 inchi (6 cm)
Rekoil penuh setelah setiap kali kompresi Bertumpu di atas dada di antara kompresi
yang dilakukan
Sumber: http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf
BHD Bayi & Anak
.
Pulse Oximetry Waveform
X
Patient Defibrilasi
(Asycronise)
Adult Bi phasic = 120-200 J
Monophasic = 360 J
Adult :
Bi phasic = 120-200 J
Monophasic =360 J
Pediatrik
1st = 2 J/kg
2nd = 4 J / kg
Shock seterusnya >4 j/kg, dosis
maks = 10 J/kg atau dosis dewasa
Cardioversi :
0.5-1 J/kg (may increase to 2 J/Kg)
DEFIBRILATION POSITION
Aba –aba saat akan melakukan
defibrilasi..Wajib.
Shock First VS CPR First
Henti jantung dewasa yang disaksikan / diketahui
Defibrillator (AED) digunakan sesegera mungkin
Henti jantung yang tidak diketahui / Defibrillator (AED)
belum siap Mulai CPR, jika indikasi dan alat sudah siap
maka lakukan defibrilasi sesegera mungkin
(Sumber: http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf)
Code Blue,..!!!
Intra Hospital
Aktifkan “CODE BLUE SYSTEM”
Sistem Komunikasi & Koordinasi
Komunikasi antar
ruangan
Komunikasi Gedung
(Sentral)
• Operator
mengumumkan
“Code Blue di lantai ….
kamar ….” (2x)
Saat kode diaktifkan tim menuju ruangan di mana pasien berada
& melakukan tindakan resusitasi jantung paru
Saat kode ini diaktifkan maka tim kan menuju ruangan di mana
pasien berada dan melakukan tindakan resusitasi jantung paru
Peralatan Emergency
Perawat ruangan dan tim code blue sudah familiar
dengan alat alat yang dibutuhkan dan yang tersedia di
ruangan
Peralatan Emergency
• Tersedianya tempat ruang intensive
• Trolley emergency/Tas Code Blue
• Set Intubasi
• Aed/DC Shock
• Obat-obatan emergency
• Pacemaker
• EKG
• Ambu bag
• Oksigen
• dll
Uncoordinated Cardiac Arrest Team
Code Blue Team Positions (AHA 2015)
(AHA 2015)
Perawatan Di Ruang ICU
BLS & ACLS
In Covid-19.. ???
Sumber :
Edelson, D. P., Sasson,Topjian, A. A. (2020). Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced
Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates with Suspected or Confirmed
COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get with the
Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart
Association. Circulation, E933–E943.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047463
RJP Dengan Pasien Terpasang Sungkup Oksigen
Pada Kasus Covid-19
In Prone Position… How To DoCPR..??
In Prone Position… How To DoCPR..??
CPR & Defibrilation
CPR
in Prone Position
When patient in Supine position rescuers to provide CPR with
the patient in the prone position, particularly in hospitalized
patients with an advanced airway in place. (Class IIb, LOE C-LD /
Lemah, Data terbatas).
• 2 hands Together
• Put Hands on T 7 from scapula
• While performing a prone CPR, it is important to ensure high-
quality CPR
Defibrilator
• Defibrillator should be applied using maximum energy
discharge and should be shocked at the end of
expiration with the lowest positive end expiratory
pressure to minimize the chest impedance.
• One of which is the one electrode technique placed to
the left lower sternal border and the other
posteriorly below the scapula.
• Successful electrical defibrillation has been reported in
patients having spinal surgery in the prone position
Kesimpulan
• Deteksi dini dengan menggunakan EWS dapat mengurangi
angka kejadian henti jantung di Rumah Sakit
• BHD dan BHL merupakan tatalaksana tindak lanjut dari
kondisi perburukan pasien
• RS harus memiliki system untuk melakukan tatalaksana
kegawatan di RS yaitu dengan sistem Code Blue
• Dibutuhkan kompetensi, kerjasama dan koordinasi antar
petugas kesehatan dalam melaksanakan EWS dan System
Code Blue di RS
• Dalam tatalaksana kegawatan pada pasien dengan PDP &
Positif Covid-19 diperlukan kewaspadaan tinggi dan APD
yang sesuai
Daftar Pustaka
1. Bansal, M. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in
English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier
Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. 14(3), 247–250
2. Bellomo R GD, Uchino S, Buckmaster J, Hart GK, Opdam H, et al. A prospective before-and-after trial of a medical
emergency team. MJA. 2003;179:283-7.
3. Chen J, Ou L, Hillman K, Flabouris A, Bellomo R, Hollis SJ Assareh H. Cardiopulmoary arrest and mortality trends
and their association
4. with rapid response system expansion. MJA 2014; 201: 167-170
5. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines/algorithms
6. Edelson, D. P., Sasson,Topjian, A. A. (2020). Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults,
Children, and Neonates with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Committee and Get with the Guidelines- Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart
Association. Circulation, E933–E943. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.04746
7. European Society of cardiology. (2020). ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of CV Disease during the
COVID-19
8. Pandemic. European Heart Journal, 1–115.
9. Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 5-Circulation.
2015;132 (suppl 2):S414–S435
10.http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf
11.https://www.physiciansweekly.com/cpr-in-covid-19-patients-has-a-low-survival-rate/
12.M. SenthilVelou, E. Ahila (2020). Happy hypoxemia: What has been forgotten.IAIM, 2020; 7(8): 75-79.,
13.Tobin, M. J., Laghi, F., & Jubran, A. (2020). Why COVID-19 silent hypoxemia is baffling to physicians. American
Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 202(3), 356–360. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202006-
2157CP
Dapat di-download di situs: https://eccguidelines.heart.org/index.php/
circulation/cpr-ecc-guidelines-2/
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