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Webinar DPKIMDS-Nov2021

Yudi Elyas presented on intra-hospital cardiac arrest management and code blue systems. He has 18 years of experience working in ICU and cardiac surgery departments. During cardiac arrest, it is important to start CPR immediately with high-quality chest compressions, provide early defibrillation if needed, and activate the code blue system to call for additional help. Proper management of in-hospital cardiac arrests requires a coordinated response team to provide advanced life support.

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andis
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
54 views64 pages

Webinar DPKIMDS-Nov2021

Yudi Elyas presented on intra-hospital cardiac arrest management and code blue systems. He has 18 years of experience working in ICU and cardiac surgery departments. During cardiac arrest, it is important to start CPR immediately with high-quality chest compressions, provide early defibrillation if needed, and activate the code blue system to call for additional help. Proper management of in-hospital cardiac arrests requires a coordinated response team to provide advanced life support.

Uploaded by

andis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intra Hospital

Cardiac Arrest Management


With Code Blue System
Oleh :
Yudi Elyas
Disampaikan Pada Webinar Nasional Keperawatan DPK IMDS
14 November 2021
Curiculum Vitae
Nama : Ns. Yudi Elyas, S.Kep
NIRA : 31730118302
Lama Bekerja : 18 Tahun
Riwayat Jabatan : 1. Ka. Ruang ICU bedah Jantung PJT RSCM
2. Supv. ICCU,ICU bedah jantung, RR PJT RSCM
Jabatan Saat ini : PJ Pelayanan Ruang Intensif RSCM Jakarta
Tlp / Instagram : 081316006831 / @YUDI ELYAS

Pendidikan :
• Ners Keperawatan FIK UI
• Pendidikan ICU Bedah Jantung (CCNP) Institute Jantung Negara (IJN) Malaysia
• Mahasiswa Magister Ilmu Keperawatan (S2) FIK UI, Peminatan Sp.KMB

Pelatihan : Trainer : Organisasi :


• Kardiologi Dasar • BLS & ACLS Certified by AHA • PPNI
• Intensive Care Unit (ICU) • Basic Trauma Cardiac Life Support (BTCLS) • HIPERCCI DKI (Pengurus)
• BLS & ACLS AHA 2015 • Pelatihan ICU (RSCM & HIPERCCI) • INKAVIN (Anggota)
• Pelatihan Code Blue system di RS • Provider BTCLS
• TOT BLS & ACLS AHA
• Pelatihan Interpretasi EKG
• Asesor Keperawatan & TOT
• Seminar & Workshop Keperawatan
Keperawatan
Lingkup Bahasan

BLS ACLS
EWS & Code 2015 AHA 2015 AHA
Cardiac Arrest
Blue System Guidelines & Guidelines &
Updates 2020 Updates 2020
PENDAHULUAN

Primary ventricular The Process of Dying


fibrillation
0 min

Primary Asystole

Alveolar anoxia 2-3 min Code blue

?
Asphyxia:
(Airway Obstruction) 5-12 min
(Apnea)
Circulatory Arrest

Pulmonary Failure

Shock

Brain Failure
*Safar P. Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest: research initiatives and
future directions. Ann Emerg Med 22:324,1993
Chain of Survival
AHA 2020

Sumber :
Ashish R. Panchal. Circulation. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care, Volume: 142, Issue: 16_suppl_2, Pages: S366-S468, DOI:
(10.1161/CIR.0000000000000916)
6-8 hrs before arrest Cardiac Arrest

Reversible cause of
arrest
- Hypovolemia Early Warning Scoring System
- Hypoxia Staf member worried about the pts
- Hydrogen ion (acidosis) Acute change in :
- Hypo-/Hyperkalemia HR<40 or >130 bpm
- Hypoglycemia sBP<90 mmHg
- Hypothermia RR<8 or >28 bpm
- Toxins Threatened airway
- Tamponade, cardiac SpO2<90%
- Tension pneumothorax Concious state
- Thrombosis coronary Urin<50 mL/hr
- Thrombosis pulmonary
- Trauma
Code Blue System
Code Blue adalah kode panggilan yang
menandakan adanya kondisi kegawat-daruratan
pasien (henti nafas dan henti jantung)
Code Blue
Code Blue tidak diaktifkan pada kondisi atau area :

• DNR
• Fase terminal penyakit Informed
Pasien • Paliatif Care
Concent Sudah
Dilakukan

• Kamar Operasi BLS & ALS


Jenis • ICU dilakukan tanpa
mengaktifkan
Ruangan • Catheterisasi Jantung
Code Blue System
Henti Jantung
Keadaan terhentinya aliran darah dalam sistem sirkulasi
tubuh akibat terganggunya efektivitas kontraksi jantung
Cardiac Arrest / Henti Jantung
1. Pasien tidak sadar
2. Tidak ada nafas dan tidak teraba nadi
3. EKG:
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)

Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

Asistole

Gbr EKG pada saat terjadi serangan jantung , sekitar 60%-70% adalah irama
Ventricular Fibrilasi (VF)
Henti Jantung
Shockable
DC Shock 360 J Not shockable
monofasik/200J bifasik Do chest compression
Chest compression

CPR
CPR
Early Defibrilation
HIGH QUALITY CPR
Survival with CPR
Early CPR

CPR

CPR
CPR
TheHistory OfCPR
1700s
TheHistory OfCPR
1800s
D R C C A B
 Danger : Bahaya.
 Respon : Respon.
 Call/Shout For Help : Panggil bantuan.
 Circulation : Sirkulasi.
 Airway : Jalan napas.
 Breathing : Pernapasan.
ANJURAN & LARANGAN
BLS UNTUK CPR BERKUALITAS TINGGI
Pada Pasien Dewasa
Penolong HARUS Penolong TIDAK boleh
Melakukan kompresi dada dengan kecepatan Kompresi dada dengan kecepatan lebih
100 – 120 kali/ menit rendah dari 100 x/ menit atau lebih cepat
dari 120 x/ menit

Kompresi dada dengan kedalaman minimal 2 Kompresi dada dengan kedalaman kurang
inchi (5 cm) dari 2 inchi atau lebih dari 2,4 inchi (6 cm)

Rekoil penuh setelah setiap kali kompresi Bertumpu di atas dada di antara kompresi
yang dilakukan

Meminimalkan jeda (berhenti) dalam Menghentikan kompresi lebih dari 10 detik


kompresi
Memberikan ventilasi yang cukup (2 nafas Memberikan ventilasi berlebihan (mis: terlalu
buatan setelah 30 kompresi, setiap nafas banyak nafas buatan atau memberikan nafas
buatan diberikan lebih dari 1 detik, setiap kali buatan dengan kekuatan berlebihan)
diberikan dada akan terangkat

Sumber: http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf
BHD Bayi & Anak

• Lokasi dipertengahan antara


• Bayi = usia 1 - 12 bulan atas dan bawah dada
• Kompresi dada menggunakan 2 jari, • Letakan 1 telapak tangan di
misal : tengah dada, diantara kedua
– jari telunjuk + jari tengah puting susu
– jari tengah + jari manis
– dua ibu jari • Kompresi : Nafas buatan  30:2
• Napas buatan : dari mulut ke mulut +
hidung bayi
TEHNIK RJP PADA KEHAMILAN
Manual Left Uterine Displacement Technique

• Performed from the


patient’s left side with the
2-handed technique

• Performed from the the


patient’s right side with the
1-handed technique
Evaluasi High Quality CPR
Saat CPR Berlangsung...
1. Melihat kedalaman dan kecepatan kompresi
2. Perabaan nadi di arteri dorsalis pedis
3. Gelombang saturasi (Pulse Oximetry)
4. Gelombang arteri line (invasive Monitoring)

 .
Pulse Oximetry Waveform
X

Arterial waveform Probe saturasi


SHOCK THERAPY
(Recommendation AHA 2015)

Patient Defibrilasi
(Asycronise)
Adult Bi phasic = 120-200 J
Monophasic = 360 J

Pediatrik 1st = 2 J/kg


2nd = 4 J / kg
Maks = 10 J/kg
DEFIBRILATION POSITION

Adult :
Bi phasic = 120-200 J
Monophasic =360 J

Pediatrik
1st = 2 J/kg
2nd = 4 J / kg
Shock seterusnya >4 j/kg, dosis
maks = 10 J/kg atau dosis dewasa

Cardioversi :
0.5-1 J/kg (may increase to 2 J/Kg)
DEFIBRILATION POSITION
Aba –aba saat akan melakukan
defibrilasi..Wajib.
Shock First VS CPR First
 Henti jantung dewasa yang disaksikan / diketahui 
Defibrillator (AED) digunakan sesegera mungkin
 Henti jantung yang tidak diketahui / Defibrillator (AED)
belum siap Mulai CPR, jika indikasi dan alat sudah siap
maka lakukan defibrilasi sesegera mungkin
(Sumber: http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf)

(Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency


Cardiovascular Care. Part 5-Circulation. 2015;132(suppl 2):S414–S435)
Penatalaksanaan Lanjutan
Henti Nafas & Henti Jantung di RS
tidak dapat dilakukan oleh 1 atau 2 orang

“Call For Help”


Aktifkan Code Blue...!!!
MISSION IMPOSIBLE
Tindakan Harus Cepat & Juga Tepat
Konsentrasi

• Membutuhkan konsentrasi yang baik


terutama saat pada malam hari
• Tetap bersama korban, gunakan
handphone untuk panggil bantuan,
aktifkan speaker untuk berkomunikasi dan
mendengarkan instruksi tenaga kesehatan.
Atau
• Jika sendirian tanpa handphone, berteriak
meminta tolong dan ambil AED (jika dapat
tersedia segera) sebelum memulai RJP.
Jelaskan lokasi penderita, kondisi penderita, serta bantuan yang sudah diberikan kepada penderita.

Code Blue,..!!!

Intra Hospital
Aktifkan “CODE BLUE SYSTEM”
Sistem Komunikasi & Koordinasi

 Komunikasi antar
ruangan
 Komunikasi Gedung
(Sentral)
• Operator
mengumumkan
“Code Blue di lantai ….
kamar ….” (2x)
Saat kode diaktifkan tim menuju ruangan di mana pasien berada
& melakukan tindakan resusitasi jantung paru
Saat kode ini diaktifkan maka tim kan menuju ruangan di mana
pasien berada dan melakukan tindakan resusitasi jantung paru
Peralatan Emergency
Perawat ruangan dan tim code blue sudah familiar
dengan alat alat yang dibutuhkan dan yang tersedia di
ruangan
Peralatan Emergency
• Tersedianya tempat ruang intensive
• Trolley emergency/Tas Code Blue
• Set Intubasi
• Aed/DC Shock
• Obat-obatan emergency
• Pacemaker
• EKG
• Ambu bag
• Oksigen
• dll
Uncoordinated Cardiac Arrest Team
Code Blue Team Positions (AHA 2015)
(AHA 2015)
Perawatan Di Ruang ICU
BLS & ACLS
In Covid-19.. ???

Sumber :
Edelson, D. P., Sasson,Topjian, A. A. (2020). Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced
Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates with Suspected or Confirmed
COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get with the
Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart
Association. Circulation, E933–E943.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047463
RJP Dengan Pasien Terpasang Sungkup Oksigen
Pada Kasus Covid-19
In Prone Position… How To DoCPR..??
In Prone Position… How To DoCPR..??
CPR & Defibrilation
CPR
in Prone Position
When patient in Supine position  rescuers to provide CPR with
the patient in the prone position, particularly in hospitalized
patients with an advanced airway in place. (Class IIb, LOE C-LD /
Lemah, Data terbatas).

• 2 hands Together
• Put Hands on T 7 from scapula
• While performing a prone CPR, it is important to ensure high-
quality CPR

Defibrilator
• Defibrillator should be applied using maximum energy
discharge and should be shocked at the end of
expiration with the lowest positive end expiratory
pressure to minimize the chest impedance.
• One of which is the one electrode technique placed to
the left lower sternal border and the other
posteriorly below the scapula.
• Successful electrical defibrillation has been reported in
patients having spinal surgery in the prone position
Kesimpulan
• Deteksi dini dengan menggunakan EWS dapat mengurangi
angka kejadian henti jantung di Rumah Sakit
• BHD dan BHL merupakan tatalaksana tindak lanjut dari
kondisi perburukan pasien
• RS harus memiliki system untuk melakukan tatalaksana
kegawatan di RS yaitu dengan sistem Code Blue
• Dibutuhkan kompetensi, kerjasama dan koordinasi antar
petugas kesehatan dalam melaksanakan EWS dan System
Code Blue di RS
• Dalam tatalaksana kegawatan pada pasien dengan PDP &
Positif Covid-19 diperlukan kewaspadaan tinggi dan APD
yang sesuai
Daftar Pustaka
1. Bansal, M. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in
English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier
Connect , the company ’ s public news and information. 14(3), 247–250
2. Bellomo R GD, Uchino S, Buckmaster J, Hart GK, Opdam H, et al. A prospective before-and-after trial of a medical
emergency team. MJA. 2003;179:283-7.
3. Chen J, Ou L, Hillman K, Flabouris A, Bellomo R, Hollis SJ Assareh H. Cardiopulmoary arrest and mortality trends
and their association
4. with rapid response system expansion. MJA 2014; 201: 167-170
5. https://cpr.heart.org/en/resuscitation-science/cpr-and-ecc-guidelines/algorithms
6. Edelson, D. P., Sasson,Topjian, A. A. (2020). Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults,
Children, and Neonates with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Committee and Get with the Guidelines- Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart
Association. Circulation, E933–E943. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.04746
7. European Society of cardiology. (2020). ESC Guidance for the Diagnosis and Management of CV Disease during the
COVID-19
8. Pandemic. European Heart Journal, 1–115.
9. Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Part 5-Circulation.
2015;132 (suppl 2):S414–S435
10.http://ecgguidelines.heart.org/wp-content/upload/2015-AHA-Guidelines-Highlights-Indonesia.pdf
11.https://www.physiciansweekly.com/cpr-in-covid-19-patients-has-a-low-survival-rate/
12.M. SenthilVelou, E. Ahila (2020). Happy hypoxemia: What has been forgotten.IAIM, 2020; 7(8): 75-79.,
13.Tobin, M. J., Laghi, F., & Jubran, A. (2020). Why COVID-19 silent hypoxemia is baffling to physicians. American
Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 202(3), 356–360. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202006-
2157CP
Dapat di-download di situs: https://eccguidelines.heart.org/index.php/
circulation/cpr-ecc-guidelines-2/
TERIMAKASIH...
HP: 081316006831
IG : YudiElyas
Email : [email protected]

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