L1&2A - Quadratic Functions and Equations
L1&2A - Quadratic Functions and Equations
HCPS Ill:
• Standard 10: Patterns, Functions, and Algebra: SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION:
Use symbolic forms to represent, model, and analyze mathematical
situations.
• Benchmark MA.Al.10.7: Solve quadratic equations in one variable
algebraically, graphically, or by using graphing technology.
Goals:
• Graph quadratic functions.
• F i,nd the equation of the axis of symmetry and the coordinates of the vertex
of a parabola.
Example:
y = x2 - 2x +1
The minimum or maximum The axis of symmetry
point on a parabola is the vertex. divides the parabola into
mirror images and passes
The vertex of this graph is (1, 0)
through the vertex.
The axis of symmetry in
=
this graph is x 1
I
I
I
l
&.
Example 1: Graph a Quadratic Function Using a Table of Values
Use-a table of values to graph the quadratic function.
a.) y = x 2 -x - 2
z
?\ y =-;<, -?( .:.. 2 y
2
-~ (-:;,) -(-3)-2 '- q + 3-2 " \ 0 \0
""2 (-2)1--(-2)-2:: L\ -1-2-L.::c '1 L\
-I 2
(-\) -(-\)-2 " \ -1- \ -2 .,_ 0 0
0 2
(0) -(0)-2 "' O -2 =- -2 -2
l (1)7.-(1)-2 0 1-\-2: -2 -2
2 (i) '- -(2-J-2 "- L\ -2-2 -= 0 0
~ (3')~ -{:,)-) ~ q-3-2:: y 4
b.) y = -2x 2 + 2x + 4
?( ¥ ... -Z.-x 2- + 27( -t- 4 y
-3 - 2(-:i) 2 ~2(-~ +L\ ;. -\ '6 -(o t L\ .,_ -'-'2-0 -20
a.) y = -2x 2 - 8x - 2
?( :: ~ -- - (-<is) ... 3- .. - 1-
2 ~ z. (.-2) - L\
@ \J <-r\- c. x 1(\ 1 \) \
"' ~
c.) y = 2x + 4x + 1 2
(;) vt-~C- )( ~ ( -\ ) - \ ) \
y-.c 2'X2.+l\;x+\
:. 2 (-\) i ..\- l\ ( -\) T \
~ 2-L\ \-\
'f -:. -\
HCPS Ill: ,
• Standard 9: Patterns, Functions, and Algebra: PATTERNS AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS:
Und erstand various types of patterns and functional relationships.
• Benchmark MA.Al.9.3: Determine the zeros of a linear or quadratic function algebraically and
graphically.
• Standard 10: Patterns, Functions, and Algebra: SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION: Use symbolic forms to
represent, model, and analyze mathematical situations.
• Benchmark MA.Al.10.7: Solve quadratic equations in one variable algebraically, graphically, or by using
graphing technology.
Goals:
• Solve quadratic equations by graphing.
• Estimate solutions of quadratic equations by graphing.
(f) \J er b
'( ';. (-2) 7. + I.\ (-2) +- ~
"- t..\-'0~'"3.
"' -\ I
@ T o-\olt. o{ '\f ""k.1t..fa t
?( '{ I
- I C> (-1)-z .. \. l-i) •s; \-'-'\4"3 · o I
J
O 5 (o)'!.+l\lo)+s:3. l
Axis of Symmetry: ~ =- -'2-.
3 (\ l..\ l\\ ).1.~ .. \..-4-1-;., 6
Vertex: <.- 2. , - \)
Maximumo~
Solution(s): - ~ - \
b.) c 2 + 6c = -8
0Axr.,, of Sy ..... _,,_fv
?( ~ -=.k!.._ ~ - (Co' • -(,, ~ - 3,
"2-<A.. 2.(. l) 2-
(i) \J cvr.\c..)(
'( " l- ~) 2. ~ (Q (.-3) +<iS
~ '\ -l <'6 +-~
:. -\
2
-2 0 (_- :i.) + (c;(-2) ... 1.: -:. q -12 .. g "- 0 r
-\ 3 (-1)~..i(qf-l)•l"t ~1-fc+'t ~ 3 Axis of Symmetry: I\ =- ... t>
o· <& (o 2. .i. Co ( o) +-t 0
/.,.
Vertex: (- ~ ' - \)
Maximum o Minimu
Solution(s): -L\ , -2
c.) x 2 + 7x + 9 = 0 c--=\ 1a.,..7 c..--C\
<S>A~r-s ~ 'J'fw-~~(
'X;: ~ ~
2o..
-J- ~)
2(\)
~ -i"2. .c-- -~.s
@\J~.\<..>C
1 "'" (- ?> .s-Y2. + "f (:-~. s) +q
~-s.2s-
d.) x 2 - 4 = 2x I<
2.
-2.-x -L\-:.. 0
-
<1>..\J e, r-k.,x
'("" (I)'- -2...(\) - L\
-:. \ -2 -4
~ -5
?( "'{
b -'-\ (<>) z. -2 Co} -L\ ~ _ '-\
Axis of Symmetry: _"?(_ =- _ _
-\ -\ (-1) i_ 2 ( -1) - I.\ ... \ 4 '2 - '-' ~ -I
Vertex: ( \ I - s)
-2- . L-\ t-11"-t.l-z)-y--I.\ ti.\-"\ -=-Y
Maxim um o(}\ifinim uillb
Solution(s): B<Z..-..\-w£1W"1 - 2 o..V\ J -\
3 o-~o L\
Example 2: Double Root
Solve the quadratic equation by graphing.
a.} x 2 - 6x +9 =0 °'.,.. \ b,. -eo c. '°" ?
@ \kr-k,25
12.~'\SC..'t~
t
~ = (~)z.- ~(3') -t-C\
-:. C\ - \ C6 +q
J
I
-=-o I
t
© T c..b\t.. o+ V ~ \vys.,
I
-I .
'A '{ I
© Ai<:t~ o{ Sy """~t....
?( ::. ~ "' - (-2.\ ~ 2:... .: . \
'2.o.. l..C.1) -i-
a> \/e-..--kx
'f ~ (\)'L-2(1') +-\
I ~ 3 I\ S '- ·7 ~
:. \ -2 +\ I
-=- 0 I
b \ ( o) i. -2.C o J + \ -.. \
Maximum on
-----
Solution(s):_...;...
\ _ _ __
Example 3: No Real Roots
Solve the quadratic equation by graphing.
a.) x 2 - 4x +5 =0 "" . \ "'~ -'1 c ... s-
(b I\.}(\<;, o* St"""~~Y-
'X ~ -b -(-CU , 3... ~ L-
~ -:: 2.(\) "2.-
{J> \J~r.\<..x:
~1..~'"\.S,'.f'i' ,
'j -=-- (z..) 2 - l\ (i) +S 1
~ L\ -~-\--S .. I
-:. \
-I
i
I
2 (\)L-'-\(\ ).\-S-:: l--'-1-<-S '- 2..
Axis of Symmetry: t< =L
0 s l0) L - L\ ( c)+- ":) -:; ')
Vertex: ( 2' \)
-\ lO C-1)i.-L\( - 1)\-S~ \+Yr'; =-10
Maximum or ~
Solution(s): ~o s~\t.\,..\"lOV\
b.) x 2
- 4x = -6 7'\l-L\)( +G:, ';;-o
©~rs "+ sy~
X=-;:J2.:: -~ ,,~ .._2
2-u,._ 2 (. \) 2-
(i) \J ¢.rk.;><
y .. ( 2.) l.. - 4. l 1.-J +-~
-:. 4, -8" +-Co
~ 2-
- .:ts:.
7( -= s ±ff ?\ '.:. 25:J5
-.K c.~L"""l ~w 2-E 2+rs
l-\.n
?( ,; 7(-::-
Ix ~ 2.11 G_ ~ :r~
Completing the Square
(x + 6) 2 = (x + 6)(x + 6)
= x2 + 6x + 6x + 36
= x 2 + 12x + 36
J, 1'
~ (Co)'2.
2~Co
0 1- -r-C,-x 1- ~
7\ -:: - 3 1;.. L\
Example 4: Solve an Equation by Completing the Square where a *1
Solve the quadratic equation by completing the square. Round to
the nearest tenth if necessary.
a.) Sx 2 + 10x - 7 =0
(1) (,o ""'p\b- +~ s, ~ © h""-d tk sC\~ ~o4
\ 2.
2
SI\ +- \0 x - o/ =-0 /\1. +-27' +\-=- s=-
.tfr -t-:f. (-x + \\2- ~ %
2
Sx +lox =--1. .j (-x +\) I ~ff
s s
2
+2x ~ 9-
x ~ ~±. \.5
/\
4-\ -;- +\
- -* - --\
?( ~ - \ ±. \., s
?( ~ - 2. s )0 .. s\
b.) O.Sg 2 + 89 = -7
(b lo ~p\.. .\--M. S.'\ ~C>J'(.. @ FMd +w._ S>qu.a~ ~b +
2. (o ,S ~1.. + <0~) =-(:- ':f) 2 ~i.+\(oj+Col\ "'S-0
+Co<..\ *
-
+Col\
Jc 3 +~1 l =-:r.fso
~ ±. !:/--. \
-
-~
~ ~ -i x_ 1. \
-b + -Vb 2 - 4ac
x
2a
Steps for Using the Quadratic Formula
a.) x 2 - 2x = 24 b.) x 2 + 2x = 3
CD ?<"2.t-27<-'6-=-0
·-x 2
- L?( ~ 2 )( <iJ °'=-\ \o"'°-'2- c·=- - 3
~ ~
l("l-2.-x - 2.L\ ~ 0 @ ·7( ::. - l2.) ±.j (l)L-L\ (J) l-?:>J
@ l ~.\-\+y 0.. 1 \:) I (...
2. L\)
CA=-\ b=- - 2 c:.-2'-\ (g) ?<= -2..·t.~q+\1.
?( = - L\
c.) 24x 2 - 14x =6 d.) x 2 - 6x - 2 =0
© 2L\" 'l - IL\ /< -l;; ~ 0 (b) o,.=-\ \Q=--(o L"--'2-
@ CA"'1L\ lt)::.-\l-\ (.."'"-~
@ I( = - {-<o) .:t _J (-Co) Z.~ t.\ (\)l-2-)
@ ?( ~ - l-\"{) ±~ l-ll\) 2--~\ ('2."'\)l-~) 2-. (,\)
2... t2"\) =- ~ ~~ ~(o +'3
2
~ \L\ ±:.~\'\(o+5"9-Co
1-\<6 ~ (o±.]4'-\
]...
~ \ L\ 1:: J"fii
<-\en
~ -\3\g ~ 4\.lf
'-\.'3' 41$'
~ - C>. '2 'O 1-S ~o .i :.rog
The Discriminant
-b+..Jb 2 -4ac
In the Quadratic Formula, x = - , the expression under the
2a
radical sign, b 2 - 4ac, is called the discriminant. The discriminant can be
used to determine the number of real roots (solutions) for a quadratic
equation.
D = b ·4ac
2
# of Solutions # of x-lnterceps
Graph of Related
Function
L_ i i 0 !
~
· )
xi
The graph does not cross The graph touches the The graph crosses the
the x-axis. x-axis in one place. x-axis twice.
\_o 0
2I1 } 2 ac..1 roof~
b.) 4t 2 - 20t + 25 = 0
D = bi- L\lA.c...
~ (-zo) 2- L\ ("\)(is)
= 400 - ~ 00
c.) 2x 2 + 3x = -4
~-
D~ b 2. - L\. °'-<-
-=- (3) 2- ~ y ( 2-) ( 4')
::. q - 3'2
-; -23>
,_ 100- <38'
:: I 2