CBSE

Class 9 Social Science

Important Questions
Civics Chapter-5
Working of Institution

5 marks Questions

1. Explain any five major power and functions of Parliament.

Ans. Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law
making or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislature.
Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing
lows and make new ones in their place.
Parliaments exercise some control over those who run the government.
Government can make lows only with the support of Parliament.
Parliaments control all the money that governments have.
Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national
policies.

2. Compare both the houses of Indian Parliament in five points.

Ans. The Rajya Sabha has strength of 250 members; where as the Lok Sabha has 543
members.
The Rajya Sabha can introduce only ordinary bill, where as Lok Sabha can introduce both
ordinary and money bill.
Regarding to any bill Rajya Sabha has only recommending power. Its suggestion is not
binding on the Lok Sabha
The Rajya Sabha has no control over Council of Ministers; where as the Lok Sabha controls
the Council of Ministers by exercising No Confidence Motion.
In case of any joint meeting of both the houses it is the Chairperson of the Lok Sabha who
presides over the meeting.

3. What is executive? Explain the composition of the Executive.

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Ans. At different levels of any government we find functionaries who take day to day
decisions but do not exercise supreme power on behalf of the people. All those functionaries
are collectively known as the executives. They are called executive because they are in-
charge of the execution of the policies of the Government.
The executive is the combination of Political executives and Non-permanent executives.
Political executives are elected by the people.
They are Ministers. Political leaders who take big decisions fall in this category.
Non political executives are the civil servants appointed on the long-term basis.
Persons working in civil services are called civil servants.

4. Can you explain three political institution of the Indian Parliamentary system?

Ans. Legislature: The prime minister and the cabinet are the institutions that take all
important policy decisions. The law making body of the government is Legislature.
Executive: The political executives and the Civil servants, working together are responsible
for taking steps to implement the ministers’ decisions. Law implementing body is Executive.
Judiciary: Supreme Court is an institution where disputes between citizens and the
government are finally settled. All the courts of India together known as Judiciary of India.

5. Why do we need institutions for governing a country?

Ans. The institutions are responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing
facilities for education and health to all.
It collects taxes and spends money and rose on administration, defense and development
programmes.
The institutions take decision and makes rules and regulations for proper administration.
If any dispute arises on these decisions or in their implementation, there are institutions who
determine what is wrong and what is right.
Institutions also impart the duties and decide the jurisdiction of different bodies of
government.

6. What was Mandal Commission? Why was it appointed? What did it recommend to the
government?

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Ans. The government of India had appointed the Second Backward commissions in 1979. It
was headed by B.P. Mandal. Hence it was popularly called the Mandal Commission.
It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward
classes in India and recommend steps to be taken for their advancement.
The Commission gave its Report in 1980 and made many recommendations.
One of these was that 27% of government jobs be reserved for the socially and educationally
backward classes.
The Report and recommendations were discussed in the Parliament. For several years, many
parliamentarians and parties kept demanding the implementations of the Commission’s
recommendations.

7. Give any five functions of the Government.

Ans. The Government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing
facilities for education and health to all.
It collects taxes and spends money and rose on administration, defense and development
programmes.
The Government takes decision and makes rules and regulations for proper administration.
If any dispute arises on these decisions or in their implementation, there is Government who
determine what is wrong and what is right.
Government also imparts the duties and decides the jurisdiction of different institutions of
the Government.

8. Why do the political executives have more powers than the permanent executives?

Ans. Political executives are elected by the people. Therefore, they are more empowered.
Political executives are answerable to the people.
Permanent executives work under the political executives and assist them in carrying out
the day to day administration.
All policy decisions are taken by the political executives.
Permanent executives implement the decisions taken by political executives.
Permanent executives are expert in their field, they are qualified and educated.

9. What is meant by Judicial Review? Who have the power to interpret the constitution

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of India?

Ans. The judicial review refers to the power of judiciary to declare invalid any law of the
legislative or the action of the executive, whether the Union level or at the state level, if they
find such a law or action is against the Constitution.
Judiciary can determine the Constitutional validity of any legislation or action of the
executive in the country, when it is challenged before them.
The Supreme Court of India has also ruled that the core or basic principles of the
Constitution cannot be changed by the parliament.
The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution of the
country and has the power of judicial review.

10. Differentiate between the two types of executive political executive and permanent
Executive.

Ans.

Political Executive Permanent Executive

1. In a democratic country, executives

1. The executives appointed on a long term
elected by the people for a specific period
basis are called permanent executives.
are called political executives.

2. Political leaders who take big decisions 2. Civil servants are example of permanent
are example of political executives. executives.

3. Political executives are answerable to 3. Permanent Executive are answerable to the

the people. government.

4. Permanent executives work under political

4. All the policy decisions are taken by the
executives and assist them in carrying out the
political executives.
day-to-day administration.

5. Political executives work till the House 5. Permanent executives remain in the office
is dissolved or their five year term is over. even if government changes.

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