PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

- The act or process of using words, sounds or behavior to express or exchange information or to
express ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc…, to someone else.
- It is a process which involves a sender who is required to compose a message that is clear and
purposive in order to elicit his intended response.

WHAT IS VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION?

VERBAL:

1. Relating to or consisting of words

2. Spoken rather than written
3. Formed from a verb.

NON-VERBAL:

1. Non-use of words
2. No sound is heard
3. Not able to speak.

SENDER- transfers message in a format intelligible to his intended audience, which necessitates him to
figure out beforehand the type of his audience.

NOTE: The method/s of sending it is as important as the message itself.

THE METHODS OR CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION- refers to:

1. A face-to-face conversation
2. A telephone call via landline like copper wire, cable, fiber optic or submarine cable and satellite
3. A call thru mobile phones, satellite, submarine cable
4. Communication using various social media apparatus using various online application such as
Messenger, WeChat, WhatsApp, Viber, KakaoTalk and Snapchat.

DECODING- It is done by the person to whom the transmitting person is communicating. This is the
stage where the intended audience tries to understands the message with whatever means they have,
using a decoding mechanism of some sort, for them to be able to reply accordingly.

Example: For a millennial, the decoding stage is where internet slang such as LOL (laugh out loud), BRB
(be right back), OTW (on the way), TYT (take your time), ILY (I love you), or IMY (I miss you), come in
handy.

- But no matter what channel is used by the sender or a receiver, feedback is what completes the
communication process.
 FEEDBACK- is more than just a part of a process. It completes the cycle of communication that
ideally should go to as far as participants being able to gauge the effectiveness of the act of
communication.

- When there are perceived gaps in the whole communication process between sender and
receiver, adjustments are in for communication opportunities in the future.
- The figure above supports this discussion on this communication process with all its parts and
stages interplaying with one another.

“Don’t say underestimate me when I’m quiet. I know

more than I say, think more than I speak and observe
more than you know.”

As cliché as it may be, “Word don’t mean, people mean” works all the time. Your intonation,
your facial expression and your over-all body language just have the power to give meaning to
your message expressed in words in more ways than one.

NINE (9) WORST BODY LANGUAGE

1. EXCESSIVE NODDING: can make one look like a bobble head doll. This undermines how
focused a person is.
2. FIDGETING: is also called “nervous energy”.
3. HAND BEHIND BACK: this communicates unapproachability and close-mindedness.
 4. MISMATCHED EXPRESSION: this is not going to translate your words well, when you are
expressing passion with face in deadpan.
5. SHIFTY EYES: this may suggest that you are lying or you are uncertain.
6. STARING: too much can be interpreted as being aggressive or worse, creepy.
7. CHOPPING OR POINTING: this can mean that you are cutting or chopping connections.
8. BREAKING EYE CONTACT: this expresses discomfort.
9. BAD POSTURE: leaning back can be translated as laziness; leaning forward may express
aggressiveness.

COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, and ETHICS

LESSON 1: The Communication Process
a. The Nature of Communication
Common- “Belonging to many”
Communico- “Confer with others”

b. Elements of Communication

LESSON 2: PRINCIPLES and CHARACTCERISTICS of COMMUNICATION

The 7 characteristics of effective communication

1. COMPLETENESS- the receiver gets all the information he needs to process the message
and take action.
2. CONCISENESS- keeping the message to a point.
3. CONSIDERATION- be sensitive to the condition or feelings of the other person.
4. CONCRETENESS- the message should be as much as possible clear and specific.
5. COURTESY- observe proper decorum and respect.
6. CLEARNESS- the message should not be misunderstood or subject to another
interpretation.
7. CORRECTNESS- errors in the message should be avoided. That would include correct
grammar, spelling, punctuation, and etc.

EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION

How was communication back then, and now?

HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION
900 BC: The very first postal service for government use in China.
776 BC: First recorded use of homing pigeons to send messages- Announcing the winner of the
Olympic Games to the Athenians.
When the printing press (inventor- Johannes Gutenberg) was invented in the 1400’s,
everyone thought it was what modernity was all about, only to find out that the invention of
telegraph (inventor- Samuel Finley Breese Morse) soon followed.

Soon after, telephones (inventor- Alexander Graham Bell) began to invade homes and
offices all over the world which made communication even faster and more convenient. This
however is history when photography (inventor- Joseph Niepce) was introduced 150 years ago
followed by the invention of an even mainstream medium, the television (inventor- Philo
Fansworth), 100 years ago.

Television (inventor- Philo Fansworth) enjoyed many years of dominating modern media
until the cyber-world was born. The rest, of course, is again history when internet slowly crept
into the life of every human being in the world, one person at a time, in an unprecedented
manner.
In a span of 20 years since the internet was invented, the media landscape is still
changing. The internet which introduced to us the term “real time” continues to stretch itself
and gives communication to a new name.
In a click of a button, local news items immediately become global news. There are no
more walls to separate what is of national importance and what is of global interest. Once
anything is posted and put there through online technology, there is no stopping it from being
“like”, “unlike”, commented on, or much more widely, “shared”.
You, the millennial reading this book, have been born in this generation. Even if many
would say that this generation is very permissive because how freely you communicate through
language in different platforms spawned by online technology, technical standards dictate that
there is no absolute freedom in this world.
Despite certain privileges afforded to this generation by internet, a tool to convey
messages for well-meaning purpose, the way you communicate help shape the community you
are building for yourselves.

AnacaSirbu, Senior lecturer, PhD., (Department of Fur Sciences and Humanities, Constanta
Maritime University 2015)
 "There is a close relationship between the language and the culture of a community
they are inextricably related, so that one cannot understand or appreciate the one without the
other. Culture may reflect to the body language, customs, superstition, expressions and
friendliness. Although all this definitely observes the norms of a particular society and the
impact of culture on language use is deep and thorough.

In this context, language refers to lifestyle of a community; the way its members behave,
their beliefs, their values and most importantly, the way they communicate. Every act of
language, be written or spoken, is a statement about the position of its author within the social
structure of a given culture."
In the context of this discussion, community means the global community in which you
inhabit. This means that the current tide of communication requires you to play an active role
in forming, global or otherwise, for the current generation and those generations to come.
EVOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

DRUMMING SMOKE SIGNALS CARRIER PIGEONS PONY EXPRESS TELEGRAPH

LESSON 3: THE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

SENDER/RECEIVER- The first person to start the conversation is the sender and the listener is the
receiver. It may be an alternative move when the receiver acts as the sender.

MESSAGE- the most vital element in communication. All ideas information, emotions, insights or
experiences shared by the communicator are his message. This maybe verbal or non-verbal.

CHANNEL- it is the route travelled by the message from the sender to the receiver.

FEEDBACK- it is the reaction observed in both the sender and the receiver. It will determine whether
the message is understood or not.

NOISE- it is the presence of a disturbing factor that may lead to a misunderstanding of the message.
Noise may vary.

SETTING- it is the venue of the communication.

COLLEGE ENGLISH
01: LISTENING

LISTENING

- is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communication process.
- Is to give attention to sound or action.

TYPES OF LISTENING

1. APPRECIATIVE LISTENING
2. EMPHATIC LISTENING
3. COMPREHENSIVE LISTENING
4. CRITICAL LISTENING

APPRECIATIVE LISTENING- is a type of listening behavior where the listener seeks certain information
which they will appreciate.

EMPHATIC LISTENING- listening to provide emotional support for the speaker.

STEPS IN ACTIVE LISTENING

1. Listening carefully by using all available senses.

2. Paraphrasing what is heard both mentally and verbally.
3. Checking your understanding to ensure accuracy.
4. Providing feedback.

CRITICAL/ANALYTICAL LISTENING- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting

it.

02 SENTENCE PATTERN

1. S + IV
2. S + TV + DO
3. S + LV + SC
4. S + TV + DO + OC
5. S + TV + IO + DO
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

SUBJECT (S)- doer of the action/topic of the sentence.

INTRANSIVE VERB (IV)- a verb that does not need a direct object to complete its meaning.

LINKING VERB (LV)- a verb that connects the subject of a sentence with a word that gives information
about the subject, such as a condition or relationship.

SUBJECT COMPLEMENT (SC)- is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and describes or identifies
the subject.

INDIRECT OBJECT (IO)- answers the question of to whom, for whom, or for what.

OBJECT OF THE COMPLEMENT (OC)- it may be a word or phrase that gives further meaning to the direct
object.

S + IV

Ex. The book fell. She Cried. Stop!

Peter sneezed. Pass the salt.

He wept. Keep up the good work.

Siblings argue.

Aunt laughed.

S + TV + DO

Ex. He demonstrated a karate chop. The batter hit the ball.

She teaches English.

Anne washed the dishes.

She slapped me. She loves to play.

Children should respect the elders.

S + LV + SC

Ex. Margaux is a gifted singer. That girl should be a singer.

He was embarrassed when people laughed. Pandas and Polar bears are endangered species.

S + TV + DO + OC

Ex. He called the girl beautiful. Dean defeated Sam fairly.

Tyler elected her as president.

S + TV + IO+ DO

Ex. Tom gave the girl a box of candies. He asked his elder son where Joseph was.

Charles gave Tony long shirt-like garment.

Edna gave Drina a copy of the meeting’s agenda.

LINKING VERBS

1. To be (is, am, are, was, were, has been, have been, had been, is being, are being, was being, will
have been, etc.)

2. To become (become, becomes, became, has become, have become, had become, will become,
will have become, etc.)

3. To seem (seemed, seeming, seems, has seemed, have seemed, had seemed, is seeming, are
seeming, was seeming, were seeming, will seem).