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Pharmaceutical Organic Lab Melting Point

This document describes a laboratory experiment on determining melting points to identify unknown substances. The objective is to measure melting points and compare them to known substances to identify unknown solids. Benzoic acid is used as a sample of a known substance. Its melting point is measured and found to be between 126-136 degrees, which is a wider than ideal range due to measurement error. The unknown substance is found to have a melting point between 120-122 degrees, matching benzoic acid and identifying it. The conclusion is that measuring melting points can determine purity, with pure substances having narrow melting ranges.

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Rahaf Zaitoun
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60 views5 pages

Pharmaceutical Organic Lab Melting Point

This document describes a laboratory experiment on determining melting points to identify unknown substances. The objective is to measure melting points and compare them to known substances to identify unknown solids. Benzoic acid is used as a sample of a known substance. Its melting point is measured and found to be between 126-136 degrees, which is a wider than ideal range due to measurement error. The unknown substance is found to have a melting point between 120-122 degrees, matching benzoic acid and identifying it. The conclusion is that measuring melting points can determine purity, with pure substances having narrow melting ranges.

Uploaded by

Rahaf Zaitoun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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-faculty of Pharmacy.

-pharmaceutical organic chemistry lab


-melting point (physical costant of solids)
-The first experiment.
-rahaf zaitoun.
ID: 22010608.
Section:23
Objective :
The purpose of melting in a lab experiment is to use
them to help identifiy unknown substances. By taking a
melting point of an unknown solid, you can compare it
to a list of potential solids and their melting points and
make a match to identify the solid.

Introduction :
The melting point of a compound is the temperature at
which it changes from a solid to a liquid. This is a
physical property often used to identify compounds or
to check the purity of the compound. Most pure solids
typically melt at a sharply defined, single temperature
value.

Material :
1-capillary tubing

2-silicone oil

3-clamb

4-rubber band

5-mercury thermometer

6-Bunsen burner
7-thiele tube

8-beaker

9- Sample (Benzoic acid ) and unknown substance


10- spatula
__________________________________________________________
Procedure :
1- I have closed the capillary tube at one end by heating it

2- I crushed a quantity of benzoic acid and then put it inside the capillary tube.

-3Backing to get rid of air bubbles

4- We attached the capillary tube to the thermometer with a rubber band.

-5 We used the beaker containing the oil to heat the sample

-6record the melting point range

-7 Repeat the steps in the other two parts

___________________________________________________________

Result :
 In the first part when using benzoic acid was the melting point range
(x=126, y=136)

 In the second part when using the unknown sample was the melting point range
)x=120, y=122)
 Depending on the values, the unknown sample was benzoic acid .
 In mixture melting point part was the melting point range
(x=120, y=122)
__________________________________________________________________
 DISCUSSION:
 In the first part of the experiment, it was 10 degrees in the melting
point range, and this is very large because the range may not
exceed 3 degrees.
While working on this experiment, I noticed the first drop of
benzoic acid had formed, but when I told my colleague, she said
that she did not see the drop and therefore we did not record this
value. This of course led to this error.

 In the second and third part we got two identical melting point
bands and therefore I expect that the unknown substance is indeed
benzoic acid.
__________________________________________________
Conclusion :
In this lab we used melting points to determine the purity of organic compounds.
Pure compounds were seen to have a narrow melting range, while impurities were seen
to cause the melting range to become lower and broader.

I hope you like it .

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