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Alcohols Esther Thiols

Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group and are classified by the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon of the hydroxyl group. Alcohols are polar, capable of hydrogen bonding, and have high boiling and melting points. Ethers have an oxygen atom bonded between two carbon atoms. They have properties between alcohols and alkanes. Thiols contain a sulfhydryl group and have names and properties similar to alcohols but lower boiling points due to being nonpolar.

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Aeva Camacho
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25 views3 pages

Alcohols Esther Thiols

Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group and are classified by the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon of the hydroxyl group. Alcohols are polar, capable of hydrogen bonding, and have high boiling and melting points. Ethers have an oxygen atom bonded between two carbon atoms. They have properties between alcohols and alkanes. Thiols contain a sulfhydryl group and have names and properties similar to alcohols but lower boiling points due to being nonpolar.

Uploaded by

Aeva Camacho
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ALCOHOLS, ESTHER, AND THIOLS:

Alcohols:
 Organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH)
 Classified by the number of carbon atoms directly bonded to the carbon attached to the
hydroxyl group
o Primary alcohol - 1 C atom bonded to C-OH
o Secondary alcohol - 2 C atoms bonded to C-OH
o Tertiary alcohol - 3 C atoms bonded to C-OH

Properties of Alcohols:
 Polar molecule
o b/c of ΔEN of C-O bond and O-H bond
 Capable of hydrogen bonding
 High boiling point and melting point
o Due to strong intermolecular forces and high polarity
 Alcohols with short hydrocarbon chains are soluble in water
o Less soluble with longer hydrocarbon chains

Naming Alcohols:
 Use the same rules as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
 Replace the final –e with –ol 
o Use di, tri, etc. to indicate the number of –OH
o Use numbers to indicate the carbon the –OH is bonded to
 For rings, -OH is on the first carbon

Practice for Alcohols:


Example:
a) 5,6-diethyl-2,7-dimethyloctane-3,4-diol 

b) 4-chloro-5-cyclopentyl-2-hexanol 

E T H E R S:

 Organic compounds that has an oxygen atom bonded between two carbon atoms

Properties of Ethers:
 Slightly higher m.p. and b.p. but lower than alcohols
o C – O bond is polar, but not capable of H-bonding
 Useful Solvents
o Can dissolve highly polar substances and Less polar substances

Naming Ethers:
 Method #1:
o Find the longest chain
o Name both hydrocarbon chains 
o Consider shorter chain to be substituent and end with “oxy” instead of “yl”
 Remember to add the C number
o Longer chain is treated as the parent chain

 Method #2:
o Name both hydrocarbon chains 
 Longer chain ends with “ane/ene/yne”
o Add word “ether” 
 Cyclic ethers are named as oxacycloalkanes with the oxygen being at position 1 of the
chain

Practice for Ethers:


Examples:
a) 2-bromo-4-ethyl-3-(1-methylethoxy)hexane 

b) 2-ethyloxacyclohexan-3-ol 

T H I O L S:

 Organic compounds containing a sulfhydryl group (S-H)

Properties of Thiols:
 Strong odors
o Ex. Garlic, skunk smell, sewage
 B.p. and m.p. close to alkanes
o b/c nonpolar bonds and same intermolecular forces

Naming Thiols:
 Use the same rules as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
 To the ending (keep the e), add –thiol 
o Use di, tri, etc. to indicate the number of –SH
o Use numbers to indicate the carbon the –SH is bonded to
 For rings, -SH is on the first carbon

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