Scribd
Upload
56 views10 pages

Analysis, Interpretation & Use of Test Data: What Are Measures of Central Tendency?

This document discusses various statistical measures that can be used to analyze test data, including measures of central tendency, variability, and position. It defines the mean, median, and mode as common measures of central tendency, and discusses how to calculate and interpret each. It also discusses measures of variability like range and standard deviation, and how these statistics can help determine if a distribution is symmetrical, positively skewed, or negatively skewed. Finally, it provides guidance on when to use mean, median or mode based on the type of data, and includes examples of calculating skewness from raw data.

Uploaded by

JUDE VINCENT VISTRO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views10 pages

Analysis, Interpretation & Use of Test Data: What Are Measures of Central Tendency?

This document discusses various statistical measures that can be used to analyze test data, including measures of central tendency, variability, and position. It defines the mean, median, and mode as common measures of central tendency, and discusses how to calculate and interpret each. It also discusses measures of variability like range and standard deviation, and how these statistics can help determine if a distribution is symmetrical, positively skewed, or negatively skewed. Finally, it provides guidance on when to use mean, median or mode based on the type of data, and includes examples of calculating skewness from raw data.

Uploaded by

JUDE VINCENT VISTRO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Analysis, Interpretation & Use of Test Data

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to

Analyze, Interpret and Use of Test Data applying.

 Measures of Central Tendency


 Measures of Variability
 Measures of Position and;
 Measures Covariabilty

What are measures of central tendency?

The word "measures of central tendency"

means the central location or point of a set of values


Three common used measures of Central Tendency

 Mean
 Median
 Mode

So first let us know what is mean median mode

Mean-This is the most preferred measures of central tendency for use with test scores, also
referred to as the arithmetic mean.

Median- Is the value that divides the ranked score into halves or the middle value of the ranked
scores

Mode-The easiest measure of central tendency to obtain


Raw data or raw score

Find the Number of classes , upper limit and lower limit

N= 5

L=75

U=92

LOWER-UPPER DIVIDED BY N = 17/5 = 3.4 ROUND UP TO 4

4 CLASS INTERVAL

CLASS INTERVAL IS 4 SO COUNT TO 4

THEN FOR THE FREQUENCY IS


FIND THE SCORE IN THE DATA

SO WE HAVE 2,3,4,5,1 AND ONE

SINCE NAHANAP NA NATIN YUNG CLASS INTERVAL AND


FREQUENCY

TO GET THE MIDPOINT – UPEER LIMIT + LOWER LIMIT DIVIEDED BY 2


=

OUR MIDPOINT IS

76.5,80,5.84.5,88.5 AND 92.5

SINCE NAKUHA NA YUNG FREQUENCY AND CLASS INTERVAL

NOW WE WILL GET THE X,F TO GET THE X,F IS MULTIPLY MIDPOINT
AND FREQUENCY

SO OUR X,F IS

153,

241.5,

338,

442.5
,92.5

TO GET THE CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY FIRST COPY THE FIRST DIGIT


OF FREQUENCY

1 + 5 = 6 + 4 = 10 + 3=13+2 +15

WE HAVE 1,6,10,13,15

CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE IS

15

28

38

44

45

SO TO GET THE MEDIAN IS

MD = LOWER LIMIT OF MD CLASS + SIZE OF THE CLASS


INTERVAL(MULTIPLY BY N OF CLASS DIVIDED BY 2) – CUMULATIVE
FREQUENCY OVER FREQUENCY OF MD CLASS

SUBTITUTE

82.5 + 4 (15/2) -6

OVER 4

82.5 + 4 (7.5)-6

OVER 4
82.5 + 4(1.5)

OVER 4

82.5+ 4/6 = 1.5

82.5 + 1.5 IS 84

MEDIAN IS 84

FOR SPSS MEAN


Open the data editor window. It is understood you have prepared the dataset earlier.

On the menu bar click analyze, the descriptive statistic then frequencies. This opens the frequencies
dialogue box.

Press continue on the descriptive options box, then press ok on the left decriptive box and you will finally
see the following image.

FOR SPSS MEDIAN


he menu bar click on analyze then descriptive statistic, then frequencies. This opens the frequencies
dialogue box

then click the variables then statistics after that click median and continue dese;ect the display frequency
then okay the lalabas yun ating table na with n = 15 then valid is 15 then 0 missing after yung median

MODE SPSS

MENU BAR THEN CLICK ANALYZE AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, AFTER THAT
FREQUENCY. THEN CLICK THE VARIABLES PARA LUMIPAT SA KABILA THEN CLICK
STATISTICS AND MODE. CLICK CONTINUE AND LALABAS YUNG SSPS VIEWER WITH
TABBLE FOR MODE

When are mean, median, and mode appropriately used?


They are used to get the average, middle ranked score and highest frequency of the data.

Scale of Measurement

Classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables.
Four levels of measurement that apply to the treatment of test data

Nominal Measurement

the number is used for labeling or identification purpose only.

Ordinal Measurement

This will be used when the values can be renked in some order of characteristics

Interval Measurement

This has the properties of both nominal and ordinal.

Ratio Measurement

The highest level of measurement, it carries the properties of the nominal, ordinal and interal scales.

How do measures of central tendency determine skewness

Mean, median, and mode in a Symmetrical Distribution – if symmetrical distribution means


normal the mean mdian mode ay same ng value

Mean, median, and mode in a positively-skewed distribution. – if positive skewed means +1


papunta sya sa left yung ating mean median mode

Mean, median, and mode in a negatively-skewed distribution. – if negatively skewed -1 sya papunta
naman sa right yung ating mean median mode

For the skewness

Formula is sk = 3( mean – median) divided by sd

For sd- standard deviation = SD square root of sumiassion multiplied by score minus mean squared
divided by N-1
First need yung raw data or scores natin then

Then add natin yung score para makuha yung sum then kunin yung mean kanina

Para makuha yung mean – score is

Minus natin yung scores and mean


After that kunin yung (mean – score) squared

First (-4.33) squared itotal lang natin sya for example

Is (-4.13) squared then total sa scientific calculator

Then after natin is add natin lahat so ang total is 413.37


Then meron na tayong total

Kunin nanatin yung SD

SD = square root of sum multiply by score minus mean squared over N-1

413.37/ 15.1

413.37/ 14 = √ 29.5264 = 5.43

SD = 5.43

SO FOR THE SKEWNESS

Sk = 3( mean – median)

Over SD

SUBTITUTE

MEAN= 84.33

MD= 84

SD= 5.43

SK = 3 ( 84.33 – 84) / 5.43

84.33-84 = 0.33

3(0.33) = 0.99

0.99 / 5.43 = 0.18

0.18 is our skewness

0.18 is symmetrical and normal distrubution

You might also like