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Citrus Decline and Its Management: Abiotic Factors

Citrus decline, also known as dieback, chlorosis, or neglectosis, is a syndrome caused by multiple disorders that leads to reduced productivity, shorter productive life, and lower fruit quality in citrus plants. It is associated with both abiotic factors like prolonged rains, nutrient deficiencies, and biotic factors like poor planting materials and management practices. Rejuvenation of declining citrus orchards is possible through improved practices like using quality planting materials, site selection, planting, fertilization, orchard management, soil/water conservation, and pest management. A calendar of operations is provided for rejuvenating declining mandarin orchards through these techniques.

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104 views

Citrus Decline and Its Management: Abiotic Factors

Citrus decline, also known as dieback, chlorosis, or neglectosis, is a syndrome caused by multiple disorders that leads to reduced productivity, shorter productive life, and lower fruit quality in citrus plants. It is associated with both abiotic factors like prolonged rains, nutrient deficiencies, and biotic factors like poor planting materials and management practices. Rejuvenation of declining citrus orchards is possible through improved practices like using quality planting materials, site selection, planting, fertilization, orchard management, soil/water conservation, and pest management. A calendar of operations is provided for rejuvenating declining mandarin orchards through these techniques.

Uploaded by

phani kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Citrus Decline and its management

Citrus decline, commonly known as ‘dieback’ is also known as ‘chlorosis’ or


neglectosis is not a specific disease but a syndrome expressing many disorders in the plant
leads to decline in productivity, reduced productive life and poor fruit quality. The extent of
decline increases with the age of plant and after 20-25 days affected plants become
uneconomical. Declining plants are noticed with general sickness, chlorotic leaves, twigs drying
and premature leaf fall, reduced fruit size, sudden/gradual dieback of the plants depending upon
the specific geographical locations, age of the plants, orchard maintenance. Citrus decline is
associated with combined affect of abiotic and biotic factors.

Abiotic factors:
1. Long spell of rains
2. Rainfed cultivation
3. Non adoption of soil and water conservation
measures
4. Nutrient deficiencies

Biotic factors:
1. Uncertified planting materials
2. Poor orchard management
3. Improper pruning
4. Excessive bearing Declining Khasi mandarin orchard
5. Poor insect pests and disease management

Weed growth in orchard Mikania sp on Mandarin Loranthus growth on


plant Mandarin plant

Rejuvenation approaches:

Rejuvenation of major citrus species are possible


through various aspects like production of quality
planting materials, proper site selection, systematic
planting, proper manuring schedule, improved orchard
management practices, adoption of suitable soil and
water conservation measures, plant protection measures
etc.

Mandarin seedlings inside Mist house


Calendar of operation for the rejuvenation of declining mandarin
(orange) orchard
Months Operations
Dec-Jan Make half moon terrace/tree basin for placement of FYM/compost as well as to
reduce the nutrient loss.
Water sprouts, diseases and dried/dead twigs is removed and cut end is pasted
with Bordeaux paste.
Scarification of gum oozing wounds and dressing with Bordeaux paint.

Feb Apply dolomite lime powder @ 3kg/tree in alternate year.

March Apply 30 kg FYM/tree/year.

April Application of Bordeaux paste on the tree (upto 60 cm height from ground level).
Spray neem oil @ 5 ml/litre or other organic pesticides for insect pest and
diseases.
Spray micro nutrients such as Zinc sulphate (0.5%)+ Magnesium sulphate
(0.2%)+ Copper sulphate (0.4%) + Manganese sulphate (0.4%) on new flushes.

May Collection and destruction of trunk borer adults by shaking the branches 2-3
times at 10 days interval.

June-July Spray neem oil @ 5 ml/litre or other organic pesticides for insect pest and
diseases.
After 15 days spray with Bordeaux Mixture (1%)
Spray micro nutrients such as Zinc sulphate (0.5%)+ Magnesium sulphate
(0.2%)+ Copper sulphate (0.4%) + Manganese sulphate (0.4%) on new flushes.

Aug-Sept Application of Bordeaux paste on the tree (upto 60 cm height from ground level)
and repeat the same schedule of June- July month.
To kill the trunk borer grubs, clean the bored holes of the infested trunk with iron
wire and insert a cotton swab soaked in petrol and plug with mud.

Oct-Nov Spray neem based insecticide to prevent from fruit fly infestation.

Pasting of Bordeaux paste View of a rejuvenated orchard

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