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Kinematics of Translation

1. Kinematics is the study of motion without consideration of forces. It describes displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time. 2. Dynamics relates forces to motion. It is concerned with how physical factors like force, mass, and momentum affect the motion of objects. 3. Translation refers to motion in a straight line and describes displacement, velocity, and acceleration quantities. Vector and scalar quantities are also important concepts in kinematics and dynamics.

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373 views27 pages

Kinematics of Translation

1. Kinematics is the study of motion without consideration of forces. It describes displacement, velocity, and acceleration over time. 2. Dynamics relates forces to motion. It is concerned with how physical factors like force, mass, and momentum affect the motion of objects. 3. Translation refers to motion in a straight line and describes displacement, velocity, and acceleration quantities. Vector and scalar quantities are also important concepts in kinematics and dynamics.

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VALERIE ELEVENCIONE
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Chapter 7

Calculated Moves
Kinematics
of Translation
Position
• Refers to the location
of an object with
respect to a frame
reference.
Frame of Reference
• A system that allows an observer to
specify quantitatively where and when
something is observe
Motion is divided into two:
• Kinematics – describes the motion in
terms of displacement, velocity and
acceleration

• Dynamics – relates to the force and


motion
Kinematics
• A study of motion of a body without
consideration of the forces involved
• It also deals with motion along
straight line i.e. rectilinear motion
• The motion is the change in position
of an object with respect to time
Dynamics
• is concerned with the motion of
material objects in relation to the
physical factors that affect them:
force, mass, momentum, energy
Translation
• It is a term use in physics for
motion in a straight line
• It commonly describe the three
quantities: displacement,
velocity and acceleration
Vector and Scalar Quantity
Vector and Scalar Quantity
1. What is the displacement of the cross-
country team if they begin at the school,
run 10 miles and finish back at the
school?
• The displacement of the runners is 0 miles.
While they have covered a distance of 10
miles, they are not "out of place" or
displaced. They finish where they started.
Round-trip motions always have a
displacement of 0.
Speed and Velocity
• Speed is a measure of how fast a body
moves
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑚) 𝑑
Speed= 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 (𝑠) ; 𝑣 = 𝑡
= m/s

• Velocity (𝑣) is the displacement of a


body per unit time.
Speed and Velocity
Calculating Average Speed
and Average Velocity

Let's begin implementing our


understanding of these formulas with
the following problem
Q: While on vacation, Lisa Carr traveled a total
distance of 440 miles. Her trip took 8 hours. What
was her average speed?
• To compute her average speed, we simply divide
the distance of travel by the time of travel.

1 mile= 1.60934 km
1.609344 𝑘𝑚
440 miles x = 708. 11 km
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
708.11 𝑘𝑚
𝒗= = 88.51km/hr
8 ℎ𝑟
1. A car travels along a straight road to the east
for 100 meters in 4 seconds, then go the west for
50 meters in 1 second. Determine average speed
and average velocity.
Solution:
Distance
100 meters + 50 meters = 150 meters
Displacement
100 meters – 50 meters = 50 meters, to east.
Average Speed Average Velocity
𝒅 ⊽=
𝒅
𝒗= 𝒕
𝒕
𝟓𝟎 𝒎
𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎 ⊽= = 10 m/s
𝒗= = 30 m/s 𝟓𝒔
𝟓𝒔
2. A person walks 10 meters east in 1 second, then
walks 3 meters west in 1 second. Determine
average speed a and average velocity.
Solution
Distance = 10 meters + 3 meters = 13 meters
Displacement = = 10 east meters, 3 to west.= 7m East

Average Speed Average Velocity

𝒅 ⊽=
𝒅
𝒗= 𝒕
𝒕
𝟕𝒎
𝟏𝟑 𝒎 ⊽= = 3.5 m/s
𝒗= = 6.5 m/s 𝟐𝒔
𝟐𝒔
3. A jeepney is moving at a constant speed of 60 m/s. How
many hours will it take to travel 300 miles?

Given:
𝒗 = 𝟔𝟎𝒎/𝒔
𝟏 𝒌𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎
𝒅 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒊 𝒙 𝒙 =𝟒𝟖𝟐, 𝟕𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎
𝟎.𝟔𝟐𝟏𝟒 𝒎𝒊 𝟏𝒌𝒎
Unknown:
𝒕 =?
Equation
𝒅 = 𝒗𝒕
Substitute:
𝟒𝟖𝟐, 𝟕𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝟐 𝒎= 𝟔𝟎𝒎/𝒔 (t)
𝟒𝟖𝟐,𝟕𝟖𝟎.𝟖𝟐 𝒎 𝟔𝟎𝒎/𝒔(𝒕)
=
𝟔𝟎𝒎/𝒔 𝟔𝟎𝒎/𝒔
Solution
𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝒉𝒓
𝒕 =8046.35 s 𝒙 𝒙 =2.24 hr.
𝟔𝟎 𝒔 𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏
Acceleration
• Acceleration (𝑎) refers to the
change in velocity with respect to
time
∆𝑣 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣0
𝑎= =
∆𝑡 𝑡
Types of Motion
• Initial velocity= 𝒗𝟎
• Final Velocity= 𝒗𝒇
• Time= t
• Acceleration= 𝒂
• Displacement= d
𝑎

𝒅 2. 2𝒂𝒅= 𝒗𝒇𝟐 −𝒗𝒐𝟐


1. ⊽= 𝒕

𝒗𝒇 −𝒗𝟎 𝒗+𝒗𝟎 𝟏
3. 𝒂 = 𝒕 4. 𝒗 =
𝟐
5. 𝒅 = 𝒗𝟎 𝒕+ 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
3. A car accelerates from rest to 48 m/s in 6 seconds. (a.) What is
the average acceleration of the car ? (b) How far did it travel
during this time period?
a. Given:
Given: 𝒗𝟎 = 𝟎 𝐦/𝐬
𝒗𝟎 = 𝟎 𝐦/𝐬 𝒗𝒇 = 48 m/s
𝒗𝒇 = 48 m/s 𝒕=𝟔𝒔
𝒕=𝟔𝒔 𝒂 = 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
Unknown: Unknown:
𝒂 =? 𝒅 =?
Equation Equation:
∆𝒗 𝒗 − 𝒗𝟎 2𝒂𝒅= 𝒗𝒇𝟐 −𝒗𝒐𝟐
𝒂= =
∆𝒕 𝒕 Substitute:
𝟐
𝟐 -𝟎 𝐦
Substitute: 2(𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 )(𝒅)=48 m/s 𝐬
𝒎 Solution
𝟒𝟖 𝒔 − 𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
𝒂= d= 144 m
𝟔
Solution
𝒂 = 𝟖 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

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