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Chapter 3

The document defines density and specific gravity, noting that specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of fresh water. It provides examples of calculating specific gravity and density when given one or the other value. The document also provides standard specific gravity values used in calculations for substances like salt water, fresh water, oil fuels, and diesel fuels.

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36 views

Chapter 3

The document defines density and specific gravity, noting that specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of fresh water. It provides examples of calculating specific gravity and density when given one or the other value. The document also provides standard specific gravity values used in calculations for substances like salt water, fresh water, oil fuels, and diesel fuels.

Uploaded by

Htet_Aung_Hlaing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ghapter 3

Density and specific


gravity
Densityls defined as'massper unit volume'. For example,the massdensity of
FW : 1000kgper cubic metre or 1.000tonne/m3
SW : 1025kgper cubic metre or 1.025tonne/m3
The specific gravity (SG)or relative density of a substanceis defined as
the ratio of the weight of the substanceto the weight of an equal volume of
fresh water.
If a volume of one cubic metre is considered,then the SG or relative dens-
ity of a substanceis the ratio of the density of the substanceto the density
of freshwater; i.e.

:
Densitv of the substance
L
>GOf relanveOensln/
of a substance Density of fresh water

The density ofFW : 1000k9 per cu. m


Density of the substancein kg per cu' m
... sG of a substance-
1000

or

Density in kg per cu. m : 1000x SG

ExampleI
Find the relativedensityof saltwaterwhosedensityis 1025kg per cu.m'

m
Relativedensity = Densityof SWin kg Percu.
ffi
_ 1025
1000
:
.'. Relativederuityof saltwater 1.025
22 Ship Stabilityfor Mastersand Mates

Example 2
Find the density of a fuel oil whose relative density is 0.92.

Density in kg per cu. m : 1000 X SG


: 1000x 0.92
.'. Density : 920 kg per cu. m

Example
3
when a double-bottom tank is full of fresh water it holds 120 tonnes. Find
how many tonnes of oil of relative density 0.84it will hold.

Mass of oil
Relative densitv' -
Mass of FW

Mass of oil : Mass of FW X relative density


: 120 x 0.84 tonnes
Mass of oil : 100.8tonnes

Example 4
A tank measures20 m X 24m x 10.5m and contains oil of relative density 0.g4.
Find the massof oil it contains when the ullage is 2.5m. An ullage is the distance
from the surfaceof the liquid in the tank to the top of the tank. A sor.rndingis the
distance from the surface of the liquid to the baseof the tank or sounding pad.

Fis.3.1

Volume of oil : L X B X D
20x24X8cu.m
Density of oil : SG X 1OOO
840 kg per cu. m or 0.84 t/m3
Mass of oil : Volume x density
20x24x8x0.84
Mass of oil : 3225.6tonnes
Densityand specificgravitY 23

Example 5
A tank will hold 153tormes when full of fresh water. Find how many tonnes of
oil of relative density 0.8it will hold allowing 2% of the oil loaded for expansion.

Mass of freshwater : 153 tonnes


.'. Volume of the tank : 153 m3
Volume of oil + 2% of volume of oil : Volume of the tank
or]f'2% of volume of the oil : 153 m3
1oo
.'. volume of the oil : 153 x *r
102
: 1 5 0m 3
Mass of the oil : Volume x DensiW
: 150 x 0.8 tonnes

Ans. : 120tonnes

In Load Lines (2002Edition), the IMO suggeststhat weights shall be calculated


on the basisof the following values for specific gravities and densitiesof liquids:
Salt water : 1,.025 Freshwater : 1.000 Oil fuel : 0'950
Diesel fuel : 0.900 Lubricating oil : 0.900
In addition to thesevalues,many river authoritiesusefor river water and dock
water allowances a range of densities from 1.005to 1.025t/m3. This range
exists becausethe density alters with state of tide and also after healy rainfall.

Exercise3
1 A tank holds 120tonneswhen full of fresh water. Find how many tonnes of
diesel oil of relative density 0.880it will hold, allowing2"h of the volume of
the tank for expansionin the oil.
2 A tank when full will hold 130tonnes of salt water. Find how many tonnes
of oil fuel relative density 0.940it will hold, allowing 1% of the volume of
the tank for expansion.
3 Atankmeasuring 8m X 6m x Tmisbeing filled with dieseloil of relative
density 0.9.Find how many tonnes of diesel oil in the tank when the ullage
is 3 metres.
4 Oil fuel of relative density 0.925 is run into a tank measuring 6m X
4m x 8m until the ullage is 2 metres. Calculate the number of tonnes
of oil the tank then contains.
5 A tank will hold 100 tonnes when full of fresh water. Find how many
tonnes of oil of relative density 0.880may be loaded lf 2% ol the volume of
the oil loaded is to be allowed for expansion.
6 A deep tank 10 metreslong, 16 metreswide and 6 metresdeep has a coam-
ing 4 metres long, 4 metres wide and 25 cm deep. (Depth of tank does not
include depth of coaming).How may tonnes of oil, of relative density 0.92,
can it hold if a spaceequal to 3% of the oil loaded is allowed for expansion?

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