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Physics Chapter 7 - Test A

1. The document is a physics test covering topics like circular motion, gravity, orbital mechanics, torque, and simple machines. 2. Questions on the test ask about concepts like tangential speed in circular motion, centripetal force, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and mechanical advantage of simple machines. 3. Problems involve calculations related to centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, and mechanical advantage.

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Camdrn Wright
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216 views

Physics Chapter 7 - Test A

1. The document is a physics test covering topics like circular motion, gravity, orbital mechanics, torque, and simple machines. 2. Questions on the test ask about concepts like tangential speed in circular motion, centripetal force, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and mechanical advantage of simple machines. 3. Problems involve calculations related to centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, and mechanical advantage.

Uploaded by

Camdrn Wright
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Chapter 7 – Test A

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the best answer from the options that follow each question.

1. When an object is moving with uniform circular motion, the object’s tangential speed
a. is circular.
b. is perpendicular to the plane of motion.
c. is constant.
d. is directed toward the center of motion.

2. The centripetal force on an object in circular motion is


a. in the same direction as the tangential speed.
b. in the direction opposite the tangential speed.
c. in the same direction as the centripetal acceleration.
d. in the direction opposite the centripetal acceleration.

3. A ball is whirled on a string, then the string breaks. What causes the ball to move off in a straight line?
a. centripetal acceleration
b. centripetal force
c. centrifugal force
d. inertia

4. If you lift an apple from the ground to some point above the ground, the gravitational potential energy
in the system increases. This potential energy is stored in
a. the apple.
b. Earth.
c. both the apple and Earth.
d. the gravitational field between Earth and the apple.

5. When calculating the gravitational force between two extended bodies, you should measure the
distance
a. from the closest points on each body.
b. from the most distant points on each body.
c. from the center of each body.
d. from the center of one body to the closest point on the other body.

6. The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N. What is the gravitational force if the distance
between them is tripled?
(G = 6.673 10–11 N•m2/kg2)
a. 4.0 N
b. 9.0 N
c. 18 N
d. 27 N
Given
F1 = 36 N
r2 = 3r1
G = 6.673 10–11 N•m2/kg2

7.
In the figure above, according to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion,
a. A1 = A2.
b. t1 > t2.
c. if t1 = t2, then the orbit is circular.
d. if t1 = t2, then A1 = A2.

8. Newton’s law of universal gravitation


a. can be derived from Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
b. can be used to derive Kepler’s third law of planetary motion.
c. can be used to disprove Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
d. does not apply to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.

9. The equation for the speed of an object in circular orbit is vt = .


What does m represent in this equation?
a. the mass of the sun
b. the mass of Earth
c. the mass of the central object
d. the mass of the orbiting object

10. How would the speed of Earth’s orbit around the sun change if Earth’s mass increased by 4 times?
a. It would increase by a factor of 2.
b. It would increase by a factor of 4.
c. It would decrease by a factor of 2.
d. The speed would not change.

11. When an astronaut in orbit experiences apparent weightlessness,


a. no forces act on the astronaut.
b. no gravitational forces act on the astronaut.
c. the net gravitational force on the astronaut is zero.
d. the net gravitational force on the astronaut is not balanced by a normal force.

12. If you cannot exert enough force to loosen a bolt with a wrench, which of the following should
you do?
a. Use a wrench with a longer handle.
b. Tie a rope to the end of the wrench and pull on the rope.
c. Use a wrench with a shorter handle.
d. You should exert a force on the wrench closer to the bolt.
13. Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door. Compared with a door whose knob is located at
the edge, what amount of force must be applied to this door to produce the torque exerted on the other
door?
a. one-half as much
b. two times as much
c. one-fourth as much
d. four times as much

14. A heavy bank-vault door is opened by the application of a force of 3.0 102 N directed perpendicular
to the plane of the door at a distance of 0.80 m from the hinges. What is the torque?
a. 120 N•m
b. 240 N•m
c. 300 N•m
d. 360 N•m
Given
F = 3.0 102 N
d = 0.80 m

15. What kind of simple machine are you using if you pry a nail from a board with the back of a hammer?
a. a wedge
b. a pulley
c. a lever
d. a screw

16. Which of the following is not a valid equation for mechanical advantage?
a.
MA =

b.
MA =

c.
MA =

d.
MA =

SHORT ANSWER

17. Explain how an object moving at a constant speed can have a nonzero acceleration.

18. What provides the centripetal force for a car driving on a circular track?
19. Is there an outward force in circular motion? Explain.

20. Discuss the following statement: “A satellite is continually in free fall.”

21. Earth exerts a 1.0 N gravitational force on an apple. Does the apple accelerate toward Earth, or does
Earth accelerate toward the apple? Explain your answer.

22. Are astronauts in orbit weightless? Explain your answer.

PROBLEM

23. A 35 kg child moves with uniform circular motion while riding a horse on a carousel. The horse is 3.2
m from the carousel’s axis of rotation and has a tangential speed of 2.6 m/s. What is the child’s
centripetal acceleration?

Given
vt = 2.6 m/s
r = 3.2 m

24. What is the centripetal force on the child in item 23?

Given
m = 35 kg
vt = 2.6 m/s
r = 3.2 m

25. A force of 255 N is needed to pull a nail from a wall, using a claw hammer. If the resistance force of
the nail is 3650 N, what is the mechanical advantage of the hammer?

Given
Fin = 255 N
Fout = 3650 N

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