11/19/18

WHY PRODUCE ORGANIC VEGETABLES?

 
Organically   grown   vegetables   are  
tas2er   and     healthier   for   man   and   the    
environment  

ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC II

TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT CENTER
Surallah National Agricultural School
Surallah, South Cotabato

ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING CHEMICAL VEGETABLE FARMING

PRODUCES “LIVING SOIL” CREATES “DEAD SOIL”
•  Full of life with soil organisms (macroorganisms and •  Acidic soils with few microorganisms
microorganisms) •  Lacking in micro elements, trace elements, poor
•  Very rich in macro and micro elements, trace elements, vitality
and vital energy •  Almost ZERO organic matter
•  Very rich in organic matter

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What is a Nursery? Selecting the Site

The nursery is where young plants are raised and •  Clean and free from contaminants
taken care of until they reach the right size for •  Establish buffer zone if necessary
outplanting. It also provides enough supply when •  Put up shade
the need arises which is more economical than •  Avaialability of clean and unchlorinated water
procuring them from commercial sources. The
•  Availability of concoctions
production of planting materials requires a nursery
to protect them from natural destructive elements •  Provision of clean garden tools
such as typhoons, floods, or droughts. It also •  Secured area from stray animals
protects the seedlings from roaming animals and •  Strictly maintain proper record keeping
insect pests to ensure their safety and quality.

Site Preparation
Selecting the Site •  After a suitable nursery
site is selected, remove
•  Area should be large enough to accommodate stones, rocks, stumps
and roots, and all
the required seedlings and facilities undesirable vegetation. If
•  Area could be flat or slightly inclined to allow it is sloping, construct
sufficient drainage bench terraces following
the contour. Use soil
•  Area must be accessible or close to the road covered with grasses or
•  Area must have good soil condition, i.e. dry dry stones (riprap) as
terrace walls. Hollow
sandy loam or loam, topsoil of about 30 cm, with blocks may be used in
5.5 to 6.5 pH and high quantity of organic matter exceptional cases.

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Nursery Construction
Nursery Construction Germination shed is an enclosed structure for
protection and with windows for adequate
•  Seedbeds/germination beds are one (1) meter ventilation, and waist-high benches for
wide with about 0.6 meter pathway between germination trays.
them.

Nursery Construction
•  Potting shed is an open-sided structure for Seed Selection
mixing, storing of potting materials, and filling
•  The use of genetically engineered seeds,
of plastic bags and other containers.
transgenic plants or plant materials is not
allowed.
•  Seeds and plant materials shall be from certified
organic producer, if available.
•  When certified organic seed and plant materials
are not available, chemically untreated
conventional materials may be used.

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Potting Media Preparation

Seedbed Preparation
•  Collect growth media components (ordinary
•  Clear the area garden soil, coco coir dust or carbonized rice
•  Prepare the beds using indigenous materials hull, vermicompost)
•  Prepare the growth media •  Mix using the ratio of 1:1:1
•  Sterilize beds •  Introduce beneficial microorganisms
•  Introduce beneficial microorganisms
•  Provide clean and unchlorinated water
•  Stricly record the activities

Potting Media Preparation

Care and Maintenance
•  Put the mix media in the seedling tray, seedling
box, “arorong” and other growth media
of Seedlings
containers. Watering
•  Sow the seeds.
•  Provide necessary moisture. Most vegetables require consistent moisture to
produce well. The exact amount to apply
depends on soil type, weather conditions, and
what kind of vegetables you're growing. One
general rule is to apply enough water to moisten
the root zone.

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Establishing Organic Nursery

Care and Maintenance Preparing growth media

of Seedlings
Hardening •  Use the ratio of 1:1:1
•  One (1) part of ordinary garden soil, one (1) part of
One week before you're ready to transplant vegetable vermicompost and one (1) part of coco coir dust or
seedlings into the garden, start hardening them carbonized rice hull
(acclimating them to outdoor conditions before
planting them in the garden). Find an outdoor •  Introduce beneficial microorganisms
location that's protected from wind and receives
morning sun. Place the seedlings in this location for
a few hours the first day, then bring them indoors.
Gradually extend the amount of time they're left
outdoors so that by the end of the week you can
leave them outdoors overnight.

Planting Seedlings Planting Seedlings

Preparing the land Procedures of Planting and Transplanting

•  Thorough land preparation by pulverizing soil and •  Staking

make it free from weeds •  Establishing distance
•  Construct canals and waterways for proper drainage
•  Holing
•  One meter of width of plot (distance depends upon the
•  Sterilizing
crop to be planted)
•  Sterilize plots •  Basal application
•  Introduce beneficial microorganisms •  Spraying concoctions
•  Strictly record the activities •  Planting

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Performing plant care activities

Care and Management Practices
General procedures in plant care
•  Visit the plants everyday and observe presence of pests and Practices required for a vegetable crop growing in the field
diseases include cultivation; irrigation; application of fertilizers; control
•  Water the plants every other day preferably in the morning of weeds, diseases, and insects; mulching, trellising, pruning
•  Weed the plants when needed by hand weeding and plant rejuvenation.
•  Spray concoction to make the soil healthy (feed the soil, not the
plant)
•  For faster growth, spray IMO & FPJ
•  Spray FFJ to make fruits healthy and good taste
•  Spray OHN and LABS when there are insect pests and diseases
observed
•  Plant insect repellants around the garden
•  Practice crop rotation

Cultivation Irrigation
Irrigation requirements are determined by both soil and plant
Cultivation refers to stirring the soil between rows of vegetable plants. The most
important function of cultivation is weed control and aeration.
factors. The two types of land irrigation generally suited to
vegetables are surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation.
Watering is done early in the morning.

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Performing plant care activities

Fertilizer Application
Improving soil fertility
Basal Fertilizer- application in soil by digging holes or mixing
in bed before planting (vermicompost)
Foliar Fertilizer- applied into the leaves of the plant (vermitea, •  Use of organic fertilizer
FPJ, FFJ, FAA, Calphos) •  Loosen the soil and spray IMO to increase the
growth of beneficial microorganism
•  Practice intercropping
•  Application of green manure
•  Practice crop rotation
•  Prevent soil erosion through cover cropping
•  Practice fallow period

Performing plant care activities

Improving Soil Fertility
Applying basal and foliar fertilizer • Use of organic fertilizer
• Increasing growth of beneficial microorganisms
•  Basal fertilizer is applied in the soil by digging holes • Practice intercropping, crop rotation and cover cropping
or mixing basal fertilizer into the soil of preferred • Application of green manure
bed before planting the seedling. • Practice fallow period

•  Foliar fertilizer is applied by spraying into the plant

leaves and body during ambient temperature while
the stomata is open.

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Performing plant care activities

Weed Control
Organic Control Methods
Weed can reduce yield by 40-60% and can be controlled using
cultural, physical, and biological methods. Examples are
Mulching, intercropping, hoeing, pulling, and roguing. •  Introduction of beneficial microorganisms
•  Increase population of natural enemies by planting
alternative host plant for natural enemies
•  Use parasitoid
•  Maintain sanitation in the field
•  Plant sacrificial plant

Insect and Disease Control Advantages of Crop Rotation

• Introduction of beneficial microorganisms • Helps  disrupt  the  life  cycle,  habitat  and  food  supply  of  many  
• Increase population of natural enemies pests  and  diseases  
• Use parasitoid • Helps  in  soil  conserva2on  
• Maintain sanitation in the field • Improve  soil  fer2lity  
• Plant sacrificial plant • Reduce  weeds  

Vegetable  Rota2on  Systems  

• Leaf-­‐root-­‐legume-­‐fruit  
• Root-­‐leaf-­‐fruit-­‐legume  
• Legume-­‐fruit-­‐root-­‐leaf  
• Fruit-­‐legume-­‐leaf-­‐root

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Companion Cropping Why Companion Cropping?

Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the
planting of different crops in proximity for pest control,
Chili – with okra, eggplant, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial creatures,
radish maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop
Cabbage – with onion and productivity.
tomato
Tomato – with carrot,
cucumber, onion, garlic
Cucumber – with radish,
corn, lettuce
Peanut –with corn, okra
Radish – with cucumber,
tomato, chili

Mulching Trellising
Mulch  –  a  protec2ve  covering,  usually  of  organic  maCer   Trellising is a growth training
such  as  leaves,  straw,  placed  around  plants  to  prevent   technique which saves space, help in
the  evapora2on  of  moisture  and  the  growth  of  weeds.   managing pests, facilitate harvesting
and reduce harvest losses.

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Pruning Vegetable Rejuvenation

Pruning is necessary to remove entire branches or prevent The productivity of perennial vegetables decline after some
the plant from growing outside its growing area and taking time. Rejuvenation is necessary to make them as productive as
over other plants' space. It aims to remove diseased and before.
damaged plant parts, evenly distribute the nutrients and
improve the productivity.

Performing harvest and postharvest Performing harvest and postharvest

operations operations
Maturity indices Harvesting and Handling Vegetables

•  Solonaceous (eggplant, pepper, tomatoes) •  Harvest vegetables early in the morning or late in
the afternoon using pruning knife
-color of fruit, shiny, perfect size
•  Segregate the different sizes of vegetable and
•  Cucurbits (pipino, squash, upo) remove those that have defects
-size, age from transplanting, convex appearance, •  Place it in bamboo baskets lined with banana leaves
color or used newspapers to prevent rashes and other
•  Leafy (pechay, lettuce, mustard) damages
-at least 8 leaves from the base •  Transport vegetables at cool temperature or early in
the morning

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Performing harvest and postharvest

operations
Observing harvesting protocol

•  Must have clearly defined collection area

•  Harvester must be identified and familiar with the
harvesting area
•  The harvest area shall be at an appropriate distance
from conventional farms and other sources of
pollution and contamination

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