CHAPTER

SECTION

B
1 REAL NUMBERS

TOPIC-1
Euclid’s Division Lemma and Fundamental Theorem
of Arithmetic
WORKSHEET-1
Solutions 6.
Since, 324 = 252 × 1 + 72
1. Correct option : (c) 252 = 72 × 3 + 36 1
Explanation : According to Euclid’s division lemma, 72 = 36 × 2 + 0
a = bm + r, where 0 ≤ r < b . \ HCF(324, 252) = 36 1
If b = 2, then a = 2m or a = 2m + 1 180 = 36 × 5 + 0
Since a = 2m is divisible by 2, then 2m is an even \ HCF(36, 180) = 36 1
integer. \ HCF of 180, 252 and 324 is 36.
2. p3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Explanation : p2 = p × p 7. LCM of 18, 24 and 36
p = p × 1 18 = 2 × 32
p3 = p × p × p 24 = 23 × 3
Required LCM = p × p × p = p3. 36 = 22 × 32

LCM (18, 24, 36) = 23 × 32 ® 72 1

3. Since, the given number ends in 5. Hence, it is a The largest 6 digit number is 999999 1
multiple of 5. Therefore, it is a composite number. 13888 Quotient
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 72 ) 999999
– 72
4. Using Euclid’s Algorithm 279
7344 = 1260 × 5 + 1044 – 216
1260 = 1044 × 1 + 216 ½ 639
1044 = 216 × 4 + 180 – 576
216 = 180 × 1 + 36 639
180 = 36 × 5 + 0 ½ – 576
HCF of 1260 and 7344 is 36. 1 639
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] – 576
Detailed Solution : 63 ® Remainder ½
According to Euclid’s algorithm condition, \ The required number = 999999 – 63 = 999936. ½
a = bq + r 8.
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic : Every
HCF of 1260 and 7344 by Euclid’s lemma composite number can be expressed as the product
7344 = 1260 × 5 + 1044 of powers of primes and this factorization is
1260 = 1044 × 1 + 216 unique.
1044 = 216 × 4 + 180 Since, 2520 = 23 × 32 × 5 × 7 1
216 = 180 × 1 + 36 and 10530 = 2 × 34 × 5 × 13 1
180 = 36 × 5 + 0 \ LCM = 23 × 34 × 5 × 7 × 13 1
HCF = 36. = 294840 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
5. HCF of k ü
ï
k. 2 ï
ï
k. 3 ý is k.
ï
k. 2 2 ï
and k . 5 ïþ
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
S OLUT I ONS P-1
 WORKSHEET-2
Solutions Then, n = 5q, 5q + 1, 5q + 2, 5q + 3 or 5q + 4, where
qÎ W  1
1. Correct option : (d) q is a whole number
Explanation : According to Euclid’s division
7.
Since, 404 = 2 × 2 × 101 = 22 × 101
lemma, a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r < b . and 96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
If b = 2, then a = 2q or a = 2q + 1 = 25 × 3
Since a = 2q + 1 is not divisible by 2, then 2q + 1 is \ HCF of 404 and 96 = 22 = 4 1
an odd integer. LCM of 404 and 96 = 101 × 25 × 3 = 9696
2. equal HCF × LCM = 4 × 9696 = 38784 1
Also, 404 × 96 = 38784

3. The required numbers are 2 and 4 and the HCF of
Hence, HCF × LCM = Product of 404 and 96.
2 and 4 is 2. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Hence Verified. 1
4. Since, 90 = 2 × 32 × 5 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
and 144 = 24 × 32
Hence, HCF = 2 × 32 = 18 1 8. If 6n ends with 0 or 5, then it must have 5 as a factor.
and LCM = 24 × 32 × 5 = 720 1 But only prime factors of 6n are 2 and 3.
5. Since, 240 = 228 × 1 + 12 1 \ 6n = (2 × 3)n = 2n × 3n 2
and 228 = 12 × 19 + 0 From the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, the
Hence, HCF of 240 and 228 = 12 1 prime factorization of every composite numbers is
6. Let n be any positive integer. unique. 1
By Eucild’s division lemma, n = 5q + r, where, \ 6n can never end with 0 or 5. 1
0£r<5 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq

WORKSHEET-3
Solutions Thus, 2nd number = 72 1
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2019]
1. Correct option : (c) 5. 11130 = 5565  2
Explanation : Any odd integer can be written as
2m + 1.
Put n = 2m + 1 in n2 – 1 2 5565 = 1855  3
n - 1 = (n + 1)(n - 1) = ( 2m + 2 )( 2m) = 4 m (m + 1)
2


The product of two consecutive numbers is
divisible by 2. Thus, m(m + 1) is divisible by 2. Let 3 1855 = 371  5
m(m + 1) = 2k
n 2 - 1 = ( n + 1)( n - 1) = ( 2m + 2 )( 2m )
5 371 = 53  7
= 4m ( m + 1) = 4 × 2k = 8k
Thus, if n is an odd integer then n2 – 1 is divisible by 8.
371
2. 720 7 53 =
7
Explanation : HCF = 18
\ x = 11,130 2
Product of two numbers = 12960
6. Since, the greatest number of cartons is the HCF of
Product of two numbers
Since, LCM = 144 and 90 1
HCF 144 = 24 × 32
12960 90 = 2 × 32 × 5 1
= = 720
18 Therefore, HCF (726, 275) = 2 × 32 = 18
3. Required number = LCM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) 7. Let a = 4q + r, where 0 £ r < 4
= 1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 2,520 or a = 4q, 4q + 1, 4q + 2 or 4q + 3
4.
Since, HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers Case I : a2 = (4q)2 = 16q2 = 4(4q2) Þ 4m,
Then, 9 × 360 = 45 × 2nd number 1 where m = 4q2 1
nd ( 9 × 360 ) Case II : a2 = (4q + 1)2 = 16q2 + 8q + 1
2 number = = 4(4q2 + 2q) + 1
45
Þ 4m + 1,
where m = 4q2 + 2q 1

P-2 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Case III : a2 = (4q + 2)2 = 4(4q2 + 6q + 2) + 1
= 16q2 + 16q + 4 Þ 4m +1,
= 4(4q2 + 4q + 1) Þ 4m, where m = 4q2 + 6q + 2 1
where m = 4q2 + 4q + 1 1 From cases I, II, III and IV, we conclude that the
Case IV : a2 = (4q + 3)2 =16q2 + 24q + 9 square of any +ve integer is of the form 4m or
= 16q2 + 24q + 8 + 1 4m +1.

qqq

WORKSHEET-4
Solutions 6.
Since, the time to toll next together = LCM (9,12,15) 1
9 = 3 × 3 = 32
1. Correct option : (a) 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3
Explanation : Required largest number = HCF of and 15 = 3 × 5
(70 – 5) and (125 – 8) = HCF of 65 and 117 = 13 \ LCM (9, 12, 15) = 32 × 22 × 5
2. a×b = 180 minutes 1
Hence the bells will toll next together after 180
LCM (x3y2, xy3) = x3y3.
3. 1 minutes. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
7. 180 = 14 ×1 1 + 36 1
4. 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 = 4(3 × 3 × 101 + 1) 1 144 = 36 × 4 + 0
= 4(909 + 1) \ HCF (180, 144) = 36 1
= 4(910) 36 = 13m – 16
Solving, we get m = 4. 1
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 13 1
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
= a composite number
[Product of more than two prime factors] 8.
HCF of 990 and 945
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 945 ) 990 ( 1
– 945
5.
1656) 4025 (2
45 ) 945 ( 21
–3312 – 90
713)1656(2 45
–1426 – 45
0 2
230)713(3
990 = 945 × 1 + 45
– 690
23)230(10 1 945 = 45 × 21 + 0
–23 Since, HCF of 990 and 945 is 45. 1
00 Thus, the fruit vendor should put 45 fruits in each
Hence, HCF (1,656, 4,025) = 23 1 basket to have minimum number of baskets. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

WORKSHEET-5
Solutions 3.
Since, HCF × LCM = Product of number
6 × LCM = 336 × 54
1. Correct option : (b)
336×54

3 2
Explanation : Since a = x y = x × x × x × y × y and LCM =
6
b = xy 3 = x × y × y × y ,
2
LCM = 56 × 54
Thus, HCF of a and b = x × y × y = xy LCM = 3024
2.
Positive [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

S OLUT I ONS P-3

 4. Smallest number divisible by 306 and 657 Let n = 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2.
(i) When n = 3q :
= LCM (306, 657) 1
n is divisible by 3.
LCM (306, 657) = 22338 1 n + 2 = 3q + 2 Þ n + 2 is not divisible by 3.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] n + 4 = 3q + 4 = 3(q +1) + 1 Þ n + 4 is not
divisible by 3. 1
5.
Since, 1200 = 4 × 3 × (2 × 5)2 1 (ii) When n = 3q + 1 :
4 2
= 2 × 3 × 5 1 n is not divisible by 3.
Hence, the required smallest natural number is 3. n + 2 = (3q + 1) + 2 = 3q + 3 = 3(q + 1) Þ n + 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] is divisible by 3.
6.
By Euclid’s division algorithm, for two positive n + 4 = (3q + 1) + 4 = 3q + 5 = 3(q + 1) + 2 Þ
integers a and b, we have n + 4 is not divisible by 3. 1
a = bq + r, where 0 £ r < b (iii) When n = 3q + 2 :
Let b = 6, n is not divisible by 3.
\ r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 n + 2 = (3q + 2) + 2 = 3q + 4 = 3(q + 1) + 1
So, a = 6q, 6q + 1, 6q + 2, 6q + 3, Þ n + 2 is not divisible by 3.
6q + 4, or 6q + 5 1 n + 4 = (3q + 2) + 4 = 3q + 6 = 3(q + 2)
Clearly, a = 6q, 6q + 2, and 6q + 4 are even, Þ n + 4 is divisible by 3.
as they are divisible by 2. Hence, exactly one of the numbers n, n + 2 or n + 4
But 6q + 1, 6q + 3, and 6q + 5 are odd, as they are is divisible by 3. 1
not divisible by 2. 1 8. Let the number of columns be x.
\ Any positive odd integer is of the form 6q + 1, Then, x is the largest number, which should divide
6q + 3 or 6q + 5. 1 both 104 and 96
7.
Let n be any positive integer and b = 3
104 = 96 × 1 + 8 1
Then, n = 3q + r
where, q is the quotient and r is the remainder and 96 = 8 × 12 + 0 1
0£r<3 \ HCF of 104 and 96 is 8 1
So, the remainders may be 0, 1 or 2 and n may be in Hence, 8 columns are required. 1
the form of 3q, 3q + 1, 3q + 2

qqq

WORKSHEET-6
Solutions 4.
Given, Length = 8 m 50 cm= 850 cm
1. Let a be any positive integer ½ breadth = 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm
By division algorithm height = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm
a = 6q + r, where 0 £ r < 6 Since, the length of the longest rod is equal to
\ a = 6q, 6q + 1, 6q + 2, 6q + 3, 6q + 4 or 6q+5 ½ HCF of 850, 625 and 475
Here, 6q, 6q + 2, and 6q + 4 are divisible by 2 and so 625 ) 850 ( 1
6q, 6q + 2, or 6q + 4 are even positive integers. ½ 625
Hence, a is an even integer and can be written as 225 ) 625 ( 2
a = 6q, 6q + 2, or 6q+ 4 ½ 450
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 175 ) 225 ( 1
175
2. Using Euclid’s Algorithm 50 ) 175 ( 3
a = 4q + r, 0 ≤ r < 4 150
Þ a = 4q, a = 4q + 1, a = 4q + 2 and a = 4q + 3. 1 25 ) 50 ( 2 1½
Now a = 4q and a = 4q + 2 are even numbers. ½ 50
Therefore when a is odd, it is of the form 0
a = 4q + 1 or a = 4q + 3 for some integer q. ½ HCF (625, 850) = 25
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] Q 25 divides 475
Hence, HCF (625, 850, 475) = 25 ½
3.
Since, 15 does not divide 175 and
LCM of two numbers should be exactly divisible by Thus, the longest rod that can measure the
their HCF. 1 dimensions of the room exactly = 25 cm.
\ Two numbers cannot have their HCF as 15 and [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
LCM as 175. 1

P-4 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 5. n3 – n = n(n2 –1) Case II : If a = 3q + 1
= n(n + 1)(n – 1) \ a(a + 1)(a + 2) = (3q + 1)(3q + 2)(3q + 3)
= (n – 1)n(n + 1) = (2r) (3)(q + 1)
= product of three = 6r(q + 1), 1
consecutive positive integers hich is divisible by 6.
w
Since, any positive integer a is of the form 3q, 3q + 1 Case III : If a = 3q + 2
or 3q + 2 for some integer q. \ a(a + 1)(a + 2) = (3q + 2)(3q + 3)(3q + 4)
Let a, a + 1, a + 2 be any three consecutive integers. ½ = multiple of 6 for every q
Case I : If a = 3q = 6r (say), 1
a(a + 1)(a + 2) = 3q(3q + 1)(3q + 2) which is divisible by 6.
= 3q(2r) Hence, the product of three consecutive integers is
= 6qr, which is divisible by 6. divisible by 6 and n3 – n is also divisible by 6. ½
( Product of two consecutive integers (3q + 1) and
(3q + 2) is an even integer, say 2r) 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-7
Solutions which is divisible by 2.
Hence, n2 – n is divisible by 2 for every positive
1.
Since, LCM (p, q) = a3b3 ½ integer n. Hence Proved. 1
and HCF (p, q) = a2b ½ 4.
Since, 237 > 81

Hence, LCM (p, q) × HCF (p, q) = a3b3 × a2b
On applying Euclid’s division algorithm, we get
= a5b4 ½
237 = 81 × 2 + 75 ...(i)
= a2b3 × a3b
= pq Hence Verified. ½ 81 = 75 × 1 + 6 ...(ii)
2. Required minimum distance will be LCM of 40, 42 75 = 6 × 12 + 3 ...(iii)
and 45. 6 = 3 × 2 + 0 ...(iv) 1
40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 23 × 5 Hence, HCF (81, 237) = 3. 1
In order to write 3 in the form of 81x + 237y,
42 = 2 × 3 × × 7
Now,
45 = 3 × 3 × 5 = 32 × 5 1
3 = 75 – 6 × 12 [From (iii)]
LCM (40, 42, 45) = 23 × 32 × 5 × 7 = 2520 cm.
= 75 – (81 – 75 × 1) × 12 [Replace 6 from (ii)]
 1
= 75 – (81 × 12 – 75 × 1 × 12)
Hence, minimum distance each should walk
= 75 – 81 × 12 + 75 × 12
= 25.20 m.
= 75 + 75 × 12 – 81 × 12
3.
Any positive integer is of the form 2q or 2q + 1, for = 75 ( 1 + 12) – 81 × 12
some integer q.
= 75 × 13 – 81 × 12 ½
\ When, n = 2q = 13(237 – 81 × 2) – 81 × 12 [Replace 75 from (i)]
n2 – n = n(n – 1) Þ 2q(2q – 1) 1 = 13 × 237 – 81 × 2 × 13 – 81 × 12
= 2m, where m = q(2q – 1) = 237 × 13 – 81 (26 + 12)
which is divisible by 2. = 237 × 13 – 81 × 38
When, n = 2q + 1 = 81 × (– 38) + 237 × (13) ½
n(n – 1) = (2q + 1)(2q + 1 – 1) = 81x + 237y
= 2q(2q + 1) 1 \ Hence, x = – 38 and y Þ 13 ½
= 2m, when m = q(2q + 1) 1 These values of x and y are not unique. ½
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-5

 TOPIC-2
Irrational Numbers

WORKSHEET-8
Solutions \ a is divisible by 3. ....(i) 1
Let a = 3c for any integer c.
1. Correct option : (a) (3c)2 = 3b2
Explanation : The product of a non-zero rational
9c2 = 3b2
with and an irrational number is always irrational.
b2 = 3c2
2.
real, rational, irrational 1 2
Since, b is divisible by 3
1 7 1 So, b is divisible by 3 ....(ii)
3.
Since, × = = 0.01.
7 100 100 From equation (i) and (ii), we have
7 3 is a factor of a and b which is contradicting the fact
Thus, smallest rational number is that a and b are co-primes.
100
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 Thus, our assumption that 3 is a rational number
is wrong.
4. Denominator = 500 1
Hence, 3 is an irrational number.
= 22 × 53 1
257 257 × 2 514  Hence Proved.
Decimal expansion= = 2 3
= 3
500 2×2 ×5 10 (ii) Let us assume to contrary that 7 + 2 3 is a rational
= 0.514 1 number.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] p
\ 7 + 2 3 = ,
5.
Let x = 0.3178 q

or x = 0.3178178178... 1 q ¹ 0 and p and q are co-primes.
Now, 10,000x = 3178.178178... ...(i) p
and 10x = 3.178178... ...(ii) or 2 3 = −7
q
Subtracting, equation (ii) from equation (i) we get
9990x = 3175 1 p − 7q
3175 635 or 2 3 =
or x = 1 q
=
9990 1998
p − 7q
6.
If possible, let 3 be a rational number. or 3 =
2q
a
(i) \ 3 = , where a and b are integers and co-primes
b p – 7q and 2q both are integers, hence 3 is a

and b ¹ 0. rational number. 1
Squaring on both sides, we have
But this contradicts the fact that 3 is a rational
a2
= 3 number.
b2
or a2 = 3b2 Hence, 7 + 2 3 is an irrational number. 1
 a2 is divisible by 3
qqq
4
14587 14587 14587 2
WORKSHEET-9
1250
=
2×5
=
2×5
×
2 4 4 4

14587 × ( 2 )
3
Solutions 116, 696
= 4
= = 11.6696
1. Correct option : (d) 10 10000
Explanation : Thus, the given rational number terminates after
14587 14587 14587 2 4 four decimal places.
= = ×
1250 2 × 54 2 × 54 2 4 2. recurring, terminating 1
14587 × ( 2 )
3
116, 696
= = = 11.6696
10 4 10000
P-6 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X
 3.
A rational number may has its decimal expansion p
n -1 + n+1 = ...(i)
either terminating or non-terminating repeating. q

An irrational number has its decimal expansion
q 1
non-repeating and non-terminating. or =
p n - 1 + n+1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
n - 1 − n+1
=
4. Let us assume 2 be a rational number and its ( n - 1 + n+1 )( n - 1 - n+1 )
a n - 1 - n+1 n - 1 - n+1
simplest form be , a and b are coprime positive
b = =
( n - 1) - ( n + 1) -2
integers and b ¹ 0.
2q
a or n+1 – n - 1 = ...(ii) 1
So 2 = p
b
Þ a2 = 2b2 1 Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2 2q
Thus a is a multiple of 2 p p 2 + 2q 2
Þ a is a multiple of 2. ½ 2 n+1 = + = ...(iii)
q p pq
Let a = 2m for some integer m
\ b2 = 2m2 ½ From (i) and (ii),
Thus b2 is a multiple of 2 p 2 − 2q 2
Þ n - 1 = ...(iv) 1
Þ b is a multiple of 2 ½ 2pq
Hence 2 is a common factor of a and b.
This contradicts the fact that a and b are coprimes

From (iii) and (iv), n+1 and n - 1 both are
Hence 2 is an irrational number. ½
rational because p and q both are rational. But it
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
is possible only when (n + 1) and (n – 1) both are
5. Let us assume that there is a positive integer n for perfect squares. But they differ by 2 and two perfect
p squares never differ by 2. So, both (n + 1) and (n – 1)
which n - 1 + n+1 is rational and equal to ,
q cannot be perfect squares, hence there is no positive
where, p and q are positive integers and (q ¹ 0). 1 integer n for which n -1 + n+1 is rational. 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-10
Solutions 23
Hence, will terminate after 4 decimal places. ½
2 4 × 53
1. Correct option : (c) 1
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2019]
Let us assume 5 + 3 2
4. ( ) is a rational number.
Detailed Solution :
11 11 p

Since = \ 5+3 2 = ½
3
2 ×5 8×5 q

11 (where, q ¹ 0 and p and q are integers)
= = 0.275
40 p − 5q
Þ 2 = 3q ½
11
Thus, will terminate after 3 decimal places.
23 × 5 This contradicts the given fact that 2 is irrational.

2.
rational 1 Hence, ( 5 + 3 2 ) is an irrational number.
3. 4 places. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2018]
5. Let p be a prime number and if possible, let p be
Detailed solution : rational
23 23 × 5 23 × 5 m
= 4 = 4 ½ \ p = , where m and n are co-primes and n ¹ 0.
2 4 × 53 2 × 53 × 5 2 × 54 n

115 115 ½
= 4 = = 0.0115 Squaring on both sides, we get
(10 ) 10000

S OLUT I ONS P-7

 ( p)
2
2
Hence, p is irrational. ½
m
=  
1  n
6. Let 3 + 5 is a rational number.
m2 p
or p = 2
n \ 3 + 5 = , where q ¹ 0
q
2 2
or pn = m ...(i) 1 p
\ p divides m2 and p divides m. [ p divides pn2] 3+ 5 = 1
q
Let m = pq for some integer q
On putting m = pq in eq. (i), we get p
Þ 5 = –3
pn2 = p2q2 q

or n2 = pq2 p − 3q
\ p divides n2  [ p divides pq2] 1 Þ 5 = 1
q
and p divides n.
[p is prime and p divides n2 Þ p divides n] p − 3q
5 is irrational and is rational (as assumed).
Thus, p is a common factor of m and n but this q
contradicts the fact that m and n are co-primes. But rational number cannot be equal to an irrational
The contradiction arises by assuming that p is number.
rational. \ 3 +
5 is an irrational number. 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-11
Solutions
Hence, 7 − 5 is irrational 1
1.
0.296 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

6 5 +6 5
2.
For writing ½ 2+ 3
2 5 6. Let us assume be a rational number.
5
= 6 which is rational. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 2+ 3 a
Let = (b ¹ 0, a and b are integers)
5 b
3. Any one rational number between 2 (1.41 5a - 2b
Þ 3 = 1
approx.) and 3 (1.73 approx.) b

e.g., 1.5, 1.6, 1.63 etc. Þ a, b are integers

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 1
5a − 2b
\ is a rational number 1
4. Rational number = 0.30 ½ b
Irrational number = 0.3010203040...... ½
i.e. 3 is a rational number

Or any other correct rational and irrational number.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020] which contradicts the fact that 3 is irrational

2+ 3
5.
Let us assume, to the contrary that 7 − 5 is Therefore is an irrational number. 1
5
rational.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
p
7 − 5 = , where p and q are co-prime and q ¹ 0 1 Detailed Solution :
q

2+ 3
7q − p
Let is a rational number
Þ
5= 5
q p

Therefore, we can write it in the form of .
7q − p q
is rational = 5 is rational. which is
q 2+ 3 p

\ =
contradictory. 5 q

P-8 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 5p p + 3q

Þ 2 + 3 = 5 = .....(1)
q Þ

2q
5p

Þ 3 = −2 Since p and q are integers
q
5p − 2q p + 3q
\
is a rational number 1

Þ 3 =
q 2q

7. Let us assume, to the contrary, that 2 5 − 3 is a \ 5 is a rational number which is contradiction

rational number as 5 is an irrational number 1

p Hence our assumption is wrong and hence 2 5 − 3

\ 2 5 −3 =
, where p and q are integers and q ¹ 0
q is an irrational number.
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-9

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
2 POLYNOMIALS

TOPIC-1
Zeroes of a Polynomial and Coefficients of Quadratic
Polynomials
WORKSHEET-12
Solutions 1 k
\
α. = = 1 ½
α 5
1. Correct option : (d)
Þ
k = 5 ½
Explanation : We know that if we divide or multiply
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
a polynomial by any constant (real number), then
the zeroes of polynomial remains same.
c
Here, a = −2 and b = +5 5.
Product of (zeroes) roots =
a
\ a + b = −2 + 5 = 3 and ab = −2 × 5 = −10
2a 2
So, required polynomial is = = α.
1 α 1
x2 – (a + b)x + ab = x2 – 3x – 10 or, 2a = 2
If we multiply this polynomial by any real number, \ a = 1 1
let 5 and 2, we get 5x2 – 15x – 50 and 2x2 – 6x – 20 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
which are different polynomials but having same
6. Given,
zeroes –2 and 5. So, we can obtain so many (infinite
21
polynomials) from two given zeroes. Sum of zeroes =
8
2. p(k)
5
3. Let f(x) = x2 + (a + 1)x + b and Product of zeroes = 1
16
As 2, and (−3) are zeroes of polynomial
f(x) = x2 + (a + 1)x + b, then So, quadratic polynomial
= x2 – (Sum of zeroes) x
f ( 2) = 0
+ Product of zeroes
( 2)2 + ( a + 1)( 2) + b = 0  21  5
4 + 2a + 2 + b = 0 = x2 –   x +
 8  16
2a + b = − 6 ...(i) 1
= (16x2 – 42x + 5)
1
And f (−3) = 0 16

(3)2 + ( a + 1)( −3) + b = 0 7. Since, a and b are the zeroes of polynomial 3x2
9 − 3a − 3 + b = 0 + 2x + 1.
−3a + b = −6 2
Hence, a + b = -
3a − b = 6 ...(ii) 3

1
5a = 0 [Adding (i) and (ii)] and ab = 1
3
   a = 0
Now for the new polynomial,
But, 2a + b = −6 [From (i)]
1-α 1-β
  2(0) + b = −6 Sum of the zeroes = +
1 + α 1+β
Þ   b = −6
Hence, the value of a = 0 and b = −6. (1 - α + β - αβ ) + (1 + α - β - αβ )
=
(1 + α )(1 + β )
1
Let a and
4. be the roots of the given quadratic 2
α 2−
2 − 2αβ 3
polynomial. = =
1 + α + β + αβ 1 − 2 + 1
3 3

P-10 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 4/3 2 1 6
\ Sum of zeroes = Þ 2 1 1+
+
2/3 \ Product of zeroes= 3 3 ⇒ 3 =3 1
2 1 2
1 - α  1 - β  1− +
and product of zeroes =    3 3 3
1 + α  1 + β 
Hence, required polynomial = x2 – (Sum of zeroes)
(1 - α )(1 - β) x + Product of zeroes
= = x2 – 2x + 3 1
(1 + α )(1 + β )
1 - α - β + αβ 1 - ( α + β) + αβ
= ⇒
1 + α + β + αβ 1 + ( α + β) + αβ
qqq

WORKSHEET-13
Solutions (ii) False, because when two zeroes of a quadratic
1. Correct option : (b) polynomial are equal, then two intersecting points
coincide to become one point.
Explanation : Let f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
(iii) True, if a polynomial of degree more than two has
If a, b, g are the zeroes of f(x), then two real zeroes and other zeroes are not real or are
c
αβ + βγ + γα = imaginary, and then graph of the polynomial will
a intersect at two points on x-axis.
c
One root is zero (given) so, a = 0. βγ = (iv) True, let b = 0, g = 0
a
   f(x) = (x – a) (x – b) (x – g)
2. Correct option : (a)
= (x – a) x · x
Explanation : Let f(x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c Þ f(x) = x3 – ax2
∵ One of the zeroes of f(x) is –1 so which has no linear (coefficient of x) and constant
f ( −1) = 0 terms.
( −1)3 + a( −1)2 + b( −1) + c = 0 (v) True, if f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0. Then, for all
negative roots, a, b, c and d must have sign.
−1 + a − b + c = 0
(vi) False, all the zeroes of cubic polynomial are positive
a − b + c =1 only when all the constants a, b, and c are negative.
c =1+ b - a (vii) False, f(x) = kx2 + x + k
−d a = k, b = 1, c = k
Now, abg =  [∵ a = 1, d = c]
a For equal roots b2 – 4ac = 0
−c

−1bg = Þ (1)2 – 4(k) (k) = 0
1
 
bg = c Þ       4k2 = 1
1
  bg = 1 +b – a Þ k2 =
4
−3
3. 1
2 Þ    k = ±
2
Explanation : p(x) = 2x + 3
p(k) = 2k + 3 1 1
So, there are and − values of k so that the given
Since, p(k) = 0 2 2
2k + 3 = 0 equation has equals roots.
−3 b
k = . 5. a + b = –
2 a

4. (i)  False, let a and b be the roots of the quadratic
−( − 6 )
polynomial. If a and b are positive then =6 =
1
−b −b
a+b= it shows that is negative but sum c k
a a and ab = = = k 1
a 1
of two positive numbers (a, b) must be +ve i.e.,
either b or a must be negative. So, a, b and c will have Given, a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab = 40
different signs. Þ (6)2 – 2k = 40

S OLUT I ONS P-11

 Þ
36 – 2k = 40
Þ
–2k = 4
\
k = – 2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
6. Let p(x) = 3x3 + 10x2 – 9x – 4.
One of the zeroes is 1, therefore dividing p(x) by
i.e.,
(x – 1) Hence, polynomial 3x3 +10x2 – 9x – 4 can be written

p(x) = (x – 1) (3x2 + 13x + 4) 1½ as
= (x – 1) (x + 4) (3x + 1) 1 (x – 1) (3x2 + 13x + 4) = (x – 1) (3x2 + 12x + x + 4)

All zeroes are x = 1, x = – 4 and x =
−1
½

= (x – 1) [3x(x + 4) +1 (x + 4)]
3
= (x – 1) (3x +1) (x + 4)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 1

So, the other zeroes are − of and – 4.
Detailed Solution : 3
Let p(x) = 3x3 + 10x2 – 9x – 4
7. 5 5x 2 + 30 x + 8 5  1
Since, 1 is a zero of 3x3 + 10x2 – 9x – 4
Therefore, (x – 1) is the factor of 3x3 + 10x2 – 9x – 4 = 5 5x + 20 x + 10 x + 8 5 2

So, we divide 3x3 + 10x2 – 9x – 4 by (x – 1)

= 5x( 5x + 4 ) + 2 5 ( 5x + 4 )

= ( 5x + 4 )( 5x + 2 5 ) 1

−4 −4 5 −2 5
Thus, zeroes are = and 1
5 5 5 

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
qqq

WORKSHEET-14
Solutions Thus, if n is an odd integer then n2 – 1 is divisible by 8.
1. Correct option : (b) 2. Correct option : (a)
Explanation : Let given quadratic polynomial be Explanation : P Let f(x) = x 2 + kx + k, k ≠ 0.
p(x) = x2 + 99x + 127 On comparing the given polynomial with ax2 + bx
+ c, we get a = 1, b = k, c = k
On comparing p(x) with ax2 + bx + c. we get
If a and b be the zeroes of the polynomial (x). We
a = 1, b = 99 and c = 127 know that,
We know that, b
Sum of zeroes, a + b = −
− 2 a
xx = −bb ±
± bb 2 −
− 44ac
ac [By
= [By quadratic
quadratic formula]
formula] k
22aa α+β = − = −k ...(i)
2
−99 ± (99) − 4 × 1 × 127
2 1 
= −99 ± (99) − 4 × 1 × 127
= c
22 ×
× 11 And product of zeroes, ab =
−99
99 ± ± 98019801 − − 508
508 a
= −
= 2
k
2 αβ = = k ...(ii)
− 1 
= 99 ±
−99 ± 92939293 = − 99 ±
−99 ± 96
96..44 Case I :  If k is negative, ab [from equation (ii)] is
= 22 = 22
negative. It means a and b are of opposite sign.
− 99 +
−99 + 9696..44 , − 99 −
−99 − 96
96..44
= Case II : If k is positive, then ab [from equation
= 22 , 22 (ii)] is positive but a + b is negative. If, the product
−
−22..66 − −195
195..44 of two numbers is positive, then either both are
=
= 2 ,,
2 22 negative or both are positive. But the sum of these
= −1 . 3 , − 97 .7 numbers is negative, so numbers must be negative.
= −1.3, − 97.7 Hence, in any case zeroes of the given quadratic
Hence, both zeroes of the given quadratic polynomial cannot both be positive.
polynomial p(x) are negative.

P-12 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 3. Let p(x) = 3x2 + 11x – 4 = 0 Coefficient of x
3x2 + 12x – x – 4 = 0 Sum of roots = p + q = –
3x(x + 4) – 1(x + 4) = 0 ½ Coefficient of x 2
(3x – 1) (x + 4) = 0  -7  7
1 1 =–   =  ½
So, zeroes are, x = Þm= and x = – 4  2 2

3 3
Constant term
Þ n = – 4 ½ and Product of roots = pq =
Coefficient of x 2
1
m n  3  −4 1 = 3 ½
Now,  + - 12 ½ 2
+ = =
n m −4  1  -12
3 Since, (p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq
 
so, p2 + q2 = (p + q) 2 – 2pq ½
-145
= ½  7
2
49 3 37
12 =   - 3 = - =  ½
 2 4 1 4
Alternative Solution :
Let p(x) = 3x2 + 11x – 4 = 0 37
Given, m and n are zeroes of p(x) Hence, the value of p2 + q2 =

4
Then, m + n = sum of zeroes
11 5. Sum of zeroes = k + 6 1
=–
3 Product of zeroes = 2(2k – 1) 1
m × n = product of zeroes 1
Hence k + 6 = × 2 (2k – 1)
4 2
=–
3 Þ k = 7
1
2 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
m n m +n
Now, + = Detailed Solution :
n m mn
Let a and b be the roots of given quadratic equation
( m + n)2 - 2mn x2 – (k + 6) x+2 (2k + 1) = 0
=
mn {−( k + 6 )}
Now, sum of roots = a +b = – = k+6
2 1
 11   4
 - 3  - 2 - 3  product of roots = ab =
2( 2 k + 1)
= 2(2k + 1)
   
= 1
4
-
According to given condition,
3
1
121 8
Sum of roots (zeroes) = × product of roots (zeroes)
+ 2
= 9 3
1
4
Þ k + 6 = [2 (2k + 1)]
-
3 2
121 + 24 −145
Þ k + 6 = 2k+1
= =
Þ k = 5
-12 12

Hence, the value of k is 5.
4. Given f (x) = 2x2 – 7x + 3
qqq

WORKSHEET-15
Solutions ( −1)1 Coefficient of x
1. Correct option : (c) Coefficient of x 2
Explanation : For equal roots b2 – 4ac = 0 or b2 = 4ac
If a and b are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial
b2 is always positive so 4ac must be positive, i.e.,
ax2 + bx + c,
product of a and c must be positive, i.e., a and c must
b
have same sign either positive or negative. then a + b = –
a
−b
2. . 3.
Given p(x) = ax2 + bx + c
a
1

Explanation : In a quadratic polynomial Let a and be the zeroes of p(x), then
α
Sum of zeroes of a quadratic polynomial =

S OLUT I ONS P-13

 1 c then
c
Product of zeroes = a × = or = 1 1 −b
α a a a + b =
a
So, required condition is, c = a 1
4. Given, polynomial f (x) = ax2 – 5x + c 3
Þ
a + b =
Let the zeroes of f (x) be a and b, then according to 2
the question
c
Sum of zeroes = (a + b) and product of zeroes = and ab =
(ab) = 10 a
Coeff. of x −5 1
Since, a + b = – 2
⇒− 1 Þ
ab = 1
Coeff. of x a 2
+5 New quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3a
So, 10 =
a and 3b is :
x2 – (Sum of the roots) x + Product of the roots 1
1
\ a = = x2 – (3a + 3b)x + 3a × 3b
2 = x2 – 3(a + b)x + 9ab
and ab = Constant term 1  3  1
= x2 – 3   x + 9  
Coeff. of x 2  2  2

c 9 9
Þ
= 10 = x2 – x +
a 2 2

c
Þ
= 10 1
1 = (2x2 – 9x + 9)
2
2
2c = 10 Hence, required quadratic polynomial is
\ c = 5 1
(2x2 – 9x + 9). 1
1 2
Hence, a = and c = 5 1
2
qqq
If a and b are the zeroes of 2x2 – 3x + 1,
5.

WORKSHEET-16
Solutions 4.
p(x) = x4 + 4x3 – 2x2 – 20 x – 15
2
x – 5 is factor of p(x)
1. Correct option : (a)
\ p(x) = (x2 – 5)(x2 + 4x + 3) 2
Explanation : Let f(x) = x2 + ax + b and a, b are the
roots of it. or, p(x) = (x2 – 5)(x + 3) (x + 1) 1
Then, b = −a (Given) So, all the zeroes of p(x) and 5 , – 5 , – 3 and – 1

b c
       a + b = − and ab = U [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
a a 2
5.
Factors of x + 7x + 12 :
a b x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
a – a = − and a(–a) = 2
1 1 Þ x + 4x + 3x + 12 = 0
         
Þ x(x + 4) +3(x + 4) = 0
          −a = 0 and −a2 = b
Þ (x + 4) (x + 3) = 0
         a = 0 Þ b < 0 or b is negative. Þ x = – 4 or –3 ...(i) 1
So,    f(x) = x2 + b shows that it has no linear term. Since, p’(x) = x4 + 7x3 + 7x2 + px + q
2. 3 If p’(x) is exactly divisible by x2 + 7x + 12, then
Explanation : Maximum number of zeroes of cubic x = – 4 and x = – 3 are its zeroes. So, putting x = – 4
polynomial ax3 + bx2 + cx + d is 3. and x = – 3.
3. Since, – 1 is a zero of the polynomial p’(– 4) = (– 4)4 + 7(– 4)3 + 7(– 4)2 + p(– 4) + q
but p’(– 4) = 0
and p(x) = kx2 – 4x + k,
\ 0 = 256 – 448 + 112 – 4p + q
then p (–1) = 0 1 0 = – 4p + q – 80
\ k (–1)2 – 4 (–1) + k = 0 4p – q = – 80 ...(i)
Þ k + 4 + k = 0 and p’(–3) = (–3)4 + 7(–3)3 + 7(–3)2 + p(–3) + q
Þ 2k + 4 = 0 but p’(–3) = 0
\ 0 = 81 – 189 + 63 – 3p + q
Þ 2k = – 4 0 = –3 p + q – 45 1
Hence, k = – 2 1 3p – q = – 45 ...(ii)

P-14 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i) 4(–35) – q = – 80
4p – q = – 80 –140 – q = – 80
3p – q = – 45 – q = 140 – 80
– + + Þ – q = 60
p = – 35 \ q = – 60
On putting the value of p in eq. (i), 1 Hence, p = – 35 and q = – 60 1

qqq

WORKSHEET-17
Solutions = –
Coefficient of x
1
1. Correct option : (d) Coefficient of x 2
Explanation : Graph (d) intersect at three points on  1   3  −3
x-axis so the roots of polynomial of graph is three, so Product of zeroes =    −  =
 2  2 4
it is cubic polynomial. Other graphs are of quadratic
polynomial. Graph a have no real zeroes and Graph Constant term
= Hence verified. 1
b has coincident zeroes. Coefficient of x 2
2.
Given, f(x) = 14x2 – 42k2x – 9 4.
Given, p(x) = 2x2 + 5x + k
Let one zero be a Coeff. of x
Then, Sum of zeroes = –
Then, the other zero = – a, Coeff. of x 2
\ Sum of zeroes = a + (– a) = 0 -5
Þ a + b = 1
Coefficient of x 2
Since, sum of zeroes = – 1
Coefficient of x 2 Constant term
and product of zeroes =
Coeff. of x 2
42 k 2
Hence, sum of zeroes = = 3k2 k
14 Þ
ab =
2
\ 3k2 = 0 or k = 0 1 According to the question,
3.
Let f(x) = 4x2 + 4x – 3 21
a2 + b2 + ab = 1
 1  1  1 4
Thus, f   = 4   + 4   - 3
 2   4   2 21
or, (a + b) 2 – 2 ab + ab =
4
= 1 + 2 – 3 = 0
2
 3  9  3  -5  k 21
and f  -  = 4   + 4  -  - 3 Þ   – =
 2   4   2 2 2 4

k 25 21
= 9 – 6 – 3 = 0 Þ = - 1
2 4 4
1 3
\ and - are zeroes of polynomial 4x2 + 4x – 3. 1 k 4
2 2 or, =
2 4
1 3 -4
Sum of zeroes = - =–1Þ Hence, k = 2 1
2 2 4
qqq

WORKSHEET-18
Solutions 2 −1
\ Zeroes are
, ½
3 7
11 2 1
1. p(y) = 7y2 – y− = (21y2 – 11y – 2) 2 1 11
3 3 3 Sum of zeroes = − =
3 7 21
1
= [(7y + 1)(3y – 2)] 1 −b 11 −b
3 = \ sum of zeroes = 1
a 21 a

S OLUT I ONS P-15

 2x2 – x – 1 = (2x + 1) (x – 1)
 2  1 2
1
Product of zeroes =    −  = – wo other zeroes = – and 1
T
 3  7 21
2
c 2 1 2 \ Product = c Therefore, all zeroes are
= –   = – ½
a 3  7 21 a 1
( 2 + 3 ), ( 2 − 3 ) , – and 1. 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
3. Since, a and b are the zeroes of the quadratic
Let p(x) = 2x4 – 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x – 1
2. polynomial x2 + 4x + 3
So, a + b = – 4
and 2 + 3 and 2 – 3 are zeroes of p(x).
and ab = 3 1
\
p(x) = ( x − 2 − 3 )( x − 2 + 3 ) × g ( x ) Sum of zeroes of new polynomial
β α
= (x2 – 4x + 1) g(x) 1 = 1 + + 1 +
α β
4 3 2 2 2
(2x – 9x + 5x + 3x – 1) ÷ (x – 4x + 1) = 2x – x – 1
αβ + β 2 + αβ + α 2
\
g(x) = 2x2 – x – 1 =
αβ
= (2x + 1) (x – 1) 1
1 α 2 + β 2 + 2αβ
Therefore, other zeroes are x = − and x = 1 1 =
2 αβ

\ Therefore, all zeroes are 2 + 3 , 2 − 3 ,

−1
and 1 ( α + β )2
= Þ
( - 4 ) = 16 2
1
2 αβ 3 3

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] Product of zeroes of new polynomial
Detailed Solution :  β  α
=  1 +   1 + β 
Since, ( 2 + 3 ) and ( 2 - 3 ) are two zeroes of given  α

polynomial.  α + β  β + α 
= 
 α   β 
So, ( x − 2 − 3 ), ( x − 2 + 3 ) will be its two factors.

( α + β )2
( x − 2 − 3 ), and ( x − 2 + 3 ) = x2 – 4x + 1 =
\ αβ

is a factor of the given polynomial.
Now, dividing it by x2 – 4x + 1 1 =
( - 4 )2
=
16
1
3 3
x2 – 4x + 1)2x4 – 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x – 1(2x2 – x – 1
2x4 – 8x3 + 2x2 So, required polynomial = x2 – (Sum of the zeroes) x
– + – + Product of the zeroes
– x3 + 3x2 + 3x – 1  16  16
= x 2 -   x +
– x3 + 4x2 – x  3  3
+ – +
 16 16 
– x2 + 4x – 1 =  x 2 - x + 
 3 3
– x2 + 4x – 1
+ – + 1
= (3x2 –16x + 16) 1
0 1 3
qqq

P-16 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 TOPIC-2
Problems on Polynomials

WORKSHEET-19
Solutions 3. 2x + 2
3x2 – 2x + 1) 6x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 3
Given, x3 – 5x2 + 6x + 4 = g(x) (x – 3) + 4
1. 6x3 – 4x2 + 2x
x 3 − 5x 2 + 6 x + 4 − 4 – + –
g(x) = 6x2 – 6x + 3
x−3
6x2 – 4x + 2
x 3 − 5x 2 + 6 x – + –
Þ
g(x) = 1
x−3 – 2x + 1
x – 3 ) x3 – 5x2 + 6x ( x2 – 2x Quotient = 2x + 2 and Remainder = – 2x + 1 1
+ x3 – 3x2 Then, p(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x)
– + = (3x2 – 2x + 1) (2x + 2) + (–2x + 1)
– 2x2 + 6x = 6x3 – 4x2 + 2x + 6x2 – 4x + 2 – 2x + 1 1
– 2x2 + 6x = 6x3 + 2x2 – 4x + 3 (Hence verified.) 1
+ – 4.
Given, x = – 1 and x = – 3 are zeroes. 1
×
Hence, g(x) = x2 – 2x. 1 (x + 1 ) (x + 3) = x2 + 4x + 3

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] x2 + 4x + 3 ) x3 + 5x2 + 7x + 3 ( x + 1

2. 2x + 5 x3 + 4x2 + 3x 1
2x – x + 1) 4x + 8x + 8x + 7
2 3 2 – – –
4x3 – 2x2 + 2x x2 + 4x + 3
x2 + 4x + 3
– + –
2 – – – 1
+ 10x + 6x + 7
0
+ 10x2 – 5x + 5
Since, remainder is 0.
– + –
\ x + 1 = 0
+ 11x + 2 Þ x = – 1
Thus, quotient = 2x + 5 1 \ The third zero is – 1. 1
and remainder = 11x + 2 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq

WORKSHEET-20
Solutions Since, remainder, r(x) = 2 1½
i.e. r(x) ¹ 0. Hence, g(x) is not a factor of p(x).

1. Given, g(x) = x2 + 3x + 1 and f(x) = 3x4 + 5x3 – 7x2
+ 2x + 4 ½
3x2 + 4x + 1) 6x4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 ( 2x2 + 5
2.
3x2 – 4x + 2
6x4 + 8x3 + 2x2
x2 + 3x + 1) 3x4 + 5x3 – 7x2 + 2x + 4 – – –

3x4 + 9x3 + 3x2
15x2 + 21x + 7
– – – 15x2 + 20x + 5
– 4x3 – 10x2 + 2x + 4 – – –
– 4x3 – 12x2 – 4x x+2
+ + +
2x2 + 6x + 4
\ ax + b = x + 2
2x2 + 6x + 2 On comparing both the sides, we get
– – – a = 1 and b = 2. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2
2

S OLUT I ONS P-17

 3. 2x2 + 2x – 1 – 4x2 – 3x + 2
2 4 3 2 + + –
4x + 3x – 2) 8x + 14x – 2x + ax + b
8x4 + 6x3 – 4x2 (a + 7)x + b – 2
– – + For exact division, remainder should be zero, so
8x3 + 2x2 + ax + b (a + 7) x + b – 2 = 0 2
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x Þ a + 7 = 0, b – 2 = 0
– – +
Thus, a = – 7 and b = 2. 1
– 4x2 + (a + 4)x + b
qqq

WORKSHEET-21
2
Solutions \ (3x
– 5) is a factor of f (x)
\ 3x2 – 5 = 0
x – 3 ) x3 – 3x2 + 6x – 15 ( x2 + 6
1. 5
Þ
x2 =
x3 – 3x2 3

– + 5
6x – 15 1 Þ
x = ± 1
3
+ 6x – 18
– + x2 + x – 2
+3 3x – 5 ) 3x4 + 3x3 – 11x2 – 5x + 10
2
Remainder = 3
3x4 – 5x2
Hence, + 3 must be added. 1
– +
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
3x3 – 6x2 – 5x + 10
2.
To get share of each member, we have to divide
3x3 – 5x 1
x3 + 8x2 + 16x + 9 by x + 1.
x + 1)x3 + 8x2 + 16x + 9(x2 + 7x + 9
– +
x3 + x2 – 6x2 + 10
– – – 6x2 + 10
7x2 + 16x + 9 + –
7x2 + 7x 0
– – Since, (x2 + x – 2) is a factor of p(x).
9x + 9
On factorising it, we get
9x + 9 x = – 2 or 1
– – \ – 2 and 1 are zeroes of p(x). ½
0 2
5 5
Hence, all the zeroes of p(x) = ,– , – 2 and 1. ½
Hence, share to each member is x2 + 7x + 9. 3 3

Since, 3x2 – 5 divides f (x) completely.
3.
qqq

WORKSHEET-22
Solutions 6x2 + k
6x2 – 10
1. 3x2 – 5)3x4 – 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k(x2 – 3x + 2 – +
3x4 – 5x2 k + 10 2
– +
\
k + 10 = 0 Þ k = – 10 1
–9x3 + 6x2 + 15x + k [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
–9x3 + 15x
Detailed Solution :
+ –

Given, the polynomial
f(x) = 3x4 – 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k is completely divisible

by 3x2 – 5.

P-18 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


i.e., 8x3 + 2x2 + 7x
x2 – 3x + 2
8x3 + 6x2 – 4x
3x2–5 3x4 – 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k
3x4 – 5x2 – – +
2
– + – 4x + 11x – 8
– 9x3 + 6x2 + 15x + k – 4x2 – 3x + 2
– 9x3 + 15x
+ + –
+ –
14x – 10
6x2 + k
6x2 – 10  q(x) = 2x2 + 2x – 1 = number of Boxes and

– + r(x) = 14x – 10 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3
k + 10 3.
Let, p(x) = 3x2 – 15x3 + 13x2+ 25x – 30 and
Since, 3x2 – 5 is completely divide f(x).

5 5

Therefore, remainder is zero x− and x + are factors of p(x).
3 3

i.e., k + 10 = 0
5 (3x 2 − 5)
Þ
k = – 10 Þ x 2 − or is also a factor of p(x). 1
3 3

Hence, value of k is –10.
2. p(x) = 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 (3x 2 − 5) 2
Þ p(x) = ( x − 5 x + 6) 2
g(x) = rate of the each box = 4x2 + 3x – 2 3
q(x) = number of boxes
1
r(x) = amount of money he donated to child = ( 3 x 2 − 5 ) ( x − 3) ( x − 2 )
and by using long division method 3
2x2 + 2x – 1 5 5
\ Zeroes of p(x) are
,− , 2 and 3. 1
4x2 + 3x – 2) 8x4 + 14x3 – 2x2 + 7x – 8 3 3
8x4 + 6 x3 – 4x2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
– – +

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-19

CHAPTER
SECTION

PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN

B
3 TWO VARIABLES

TOPIC-1
Graphical Solution of Linear Equations in Two Variables
WORKSHEET-23
Solutions 5. Here, a1 = 2, b1 = 1, c1 = – 3
and a2 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 = – 6
1. Correct option : (d) a1 b c
a1 6 b1 -3 c 10 If = 1 = 1,
Explanation : Here, a = 2= 3, b= -=1
3, 1 =
c 9
a2

b2 c2
2 2 2
a1 b1 c1 then the lines are coincident. 1
∴ = ≠ 2 1 3
a 2 b2 c 2 Clearly, = = 1
         4 2 6
So, the system of linear equations is inconsistent (no
solution) and graph will be a pair of parallel lines. Hence, lines are coincident.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2. No solution
6. We have, for equation
3. 3x – y = –18 ...(i)
(2m – 1)x + 3y – 5 = 0 ...(i)
6x – ky = –16 ...(ii)
a1 = 2m – 1, b1 = 3 and c1 = – 5 ½
For coincident lines,
and for equation
a b c
⇒ 1 = 1 = 1 3x + (n – 1)y – 2 = 0 ...(ii)
a 2 b2 c 2 a2 = 3, b2 = (n – 1) and c2 = –2 ½
3 -1 -8 For a pair of linear equations to have infinite
⇒ = =
6 - k -16 number of solutions
1 1 1
⇒ = = a1 b c
2 k 2 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2

So, k = 2.
2m - 1 3 5
4. False, or = =
3 n -1 2 1
x – 2y = 8 ...(i)
or 2(2m –1) = 15 and 5(n–1) = 6
5x – 10 = c ...(ii)
17 11
a1 1 b1 -2 1 c1 -8 8 Hence, m = and n = 1
∴ = , = = and = = 4 5
a2 5 b2 -10 5 c2 -c c

a b
As 1 = 1 , so system of linear equations can never
a 2 b2
have unique solution.
qqq

WORKSHEET-24
Solutions 2. Infinite solution.
3. For parallel lines (or no solution)
1. Correct option : (d)
a1 b1 c1
a 1 1 b -1 c1 5 = ≠
Explanation : Here, a= -=
1
-=, 1 = , a 2 b2 c 2
3 3 b2 3 c2 1
2
3 2k - 2
a1 b1 c1 ⇒ = ≠
         a = b ≠ c 2 5 1
⇒ 4k = 15
2 2 2

So, the system of linear equations has no solution.
15
⇒ k=
4
P-20 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X
 a1 b1 c1
= ≠
a 2 b2 c 2
3 2k - 2
⇒ = ≠
2 5 1
⇒ 4k = 15
15 y
⇒ k=
4

3 2 x – 5y = 6
4.
Since, ¹ 1 (6, 0)
6 −4 x' x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
a1 b
i.e., ¹ 1 1 = 12
–1
(1, –1)
a2 b2 10y
2x – –2
– 2)
Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent. 1 (– 4, –3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
x -6
5. Given, x – 5y = 6 Þ y =
5 y'

6.
For infinitely many solutions,
x 6 1 –4
1 3 4 − 12
= = 1
y 0 –1 –2 m+n 2( m − n) −( 5m − 1)

x -6 3 4
and 2x – 10y = 12 Þ y =
1 = Þ m – 5n = 0 ...(1) 1
5  m+n 2( m - n)

x 6 1 –4 4 12
= Þ m – 6n = –1 ...(2) 1
y 0 –1 –2 2(m − n) 5m − 1

Solving (1) and (2), we get, m = 5 and n = 1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

qqq

WORKSHEET-25
Solutions a1 b1 c1
(ii) For coincident lines = =
1. Correct option : (c) a 2 b2 c 2
Explanation : Condition for consistency : So, one of the possible equation is 6x + 8y = 18 1
a1 b1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
¹ has unique solution (consistent), i.e.,
a 2 b2 5. For (2p – 1)x + (p – 1)y – (2p + 1) = 0
intersecting at one point
a1 = 2p – 1, b1 = p –1 and c1 = – (2p + 1) ½
or a=
1 b1 c1
= and for 3x + y – 1 = 0
a2 b2 c2 a2 = 3, b2 = 1 and c2 = – 1 ½
(Consistent lines, coincident or dependent) The condition for no solution is
2. Not equal to 10 a1 b c
3. For infinitely many solutions, = 1 ¹ 1
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
= = 2p - 1 p - 1 2p + 1
a 2 b2 c 2 = ¹ ½
3 1 1
c -1 2
= = 2p - 1 p -1
By =
6 -2 3 3 1
2c = 6 Þ c = 3
3p – 3 = 2p – 1
3c = 12 Þ c = 4
3p – 2p = 3 – 1
As from the ratios, values of c are not common. So,
there is no common value of c for which lines have \ p = 2 ½
infinitely many solutions. p -1
From ≠ 2p + 1
1
a1 b1
4. (i) For intersecting lines ≠ We have p – 1 ≠ 2p + 1 Þ 2p – p ≠ – 1 – 1
a 2 b2 \ p ≠ – 2
So, one of the possible equation is 3x – 5y = 10 1

S OLUT I ONS P-21

 2p - 1 2p + 1 Þ 4p ≠ – 4

From ≠
3 1 \
p ≠ – 1 1
Þ 2p – 1 ≠ 6p + 3
Hence, system has no solution when p = 2.
qqq

WORKSHEET-26
Solutions Þ
–c2 +12c – 36 = 0
Þ
c2 –12c+ 36 = 0
1. Correct option : (d) Þ
2
c – 6c – 6c +36 = 0
Explanation : We know that equation of the form Þ
c (c – 6) – 6 (c – 6) = 0
y = a is a line parallel to x-axis at a distance ‘a’ from Þ
(c – 6) (c – 6) = 0
it. y = 0 is the equation of the x-axis and y = –7 Þ
c = 6, 6
is the equation of the line parallel to the x-axis. So, b1 c1 3 3-c
these two equations represent two parallel lines. and for, = ⇒ =
b2 c 2 c -c
Therefore, there is no solution. Þ –3c = 3c – c2
2. Coincident. Þ c2 – 6c = 0
3. Since, am = bl Þ c (c – 6) = 0
a b c Þ c = 6 or c ¹ 0
\ = ≠
l m n Hence, the value of c is 6, for which the given

equations have infinitely many solutions.
So, ax + by = c and lx + my = n has no solution. 1
5. Let amounts contributed by two sections X-A and
4. System of equations has infinitely many solutions X-B be ` x and ` y.
c 3 3−c x + y = 1,500 ...(i)
\ = = ½
12 c −c and y – x = 100 ....(ii) 1
Þ c2 = 36 Þ c = 6 or c = –6 ...(1) ½ From (i), y = 1500 – x
Also –3c = 3c – c2 Þ c = 6 or c = 0 ...(2) ½ x 0 700 1,500
From equations (1) and (2)
y 1,500 800 0
c = 6. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] From (ii), y = 100 + x
Detailed Solution : x 0 700
The given equations are : y 100 800
cx + 3y + (3 – c) = 0 and 12x + cy – c = 0
Y 1
a1 c b 3 c 3−c
Here, = , 1 = , 1= 1500
(0, 1500)
a2 12 b2 c c 2 −c 1 00
For infinite many solutions x=
y–
800 (700, 800)
a1 b1 c1

= =
a2 b2 c2 )
100 00
,1
x+
(0 y=
a1 c1 c 3-c 150
0
\ For,
= ⇒ = X
a2 c 2 12 -c 700 1500

Þ
–c2 = 36 – 12 c
Point of intersection = (700, 800) 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-27
Solutions Given equation of line is, −5x + 7y – 2 = 0
Here, a1 = − 5, b1 = 7, c1 = − 2
1. Correct option : (d)
From Eq. (i), - 5= 7= - 2 = 1
a1 b1 c1 1 a 2 b2 c2 k
Explanation : a= b= c = k ...(i) Þ a2 = − 5k, b2 = 7k, c2 = − 2k
2 2 2
where, k is any arbitrary constant.

P-22 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Putting k = 2, then a2 = − 10, b2 = 14 and c2 = − 4 Hence, system is consistent and dependent.
∴ The required equation of line becomes, 5.
From (i), y = 3x – 7
      a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 x 0 2 3
Þ−10x + 14y – 4 = 0 y –7 –1 2
Þ  10x – 14y + 4 = 0 and from (ii), ½
2. Inconsistent. 2x + 5y + 1 = 0
3. The equation of one line is 4x + 3y = 14. We know that -1 - 2 x
Þ y =
if two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 5
are parallel, then
x 2 –3
a1 b1 c1
= ¹ y –1 1 ½
a2 b2 c2

4 3 -14 a 4 12
or = ≠ ⇒ 2 = ⇒
a2 b2 c2 b2 3 9

Hence, one of the possible, second parallel line is
12x + 9y = 5. 1
4. We have, for the equation
2x + 3y – 9 = 0
a1 = 2, b1 = 3 and c1 = – 9 ½
and for the equation, 4x + 6y – 18 = 0
a2 = 4, b2 = 6 and c2 = – 18 ½
a1 2 1
Here, = =
a2 4 2
b1 3 1
= =
b2 6 2

2
c1 -9 1
and = = ½
c2 -18 2
Since, point of intersection is (2, – 1). Hence, it has
a b c unique solution.
\ 1 = 1 = 1 ½
Hence, x = 2 and y = – 1. 1
a2 b2 c2

qqq

WORKSHEET-28
Solutions a1 b

¹ 1
a2 b2
orrect option : (a) all real values except 10.
1. C
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] 1 2
i.e. ¹
3 k
Þ k ¹ 6
1 2
2. For unique solution ≠ 1 Hence, for all values of k except 6, the given pair of
3 k equations have unique solution.
Þ
k ¹ 6 1 3. x + 3y = 6 ...(i)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] and 2x – 3y = 12 ...(ii)
Detailed Solution : 6−x
For equation (i) : y =
Given equations are 3
x + 2y – 5 = 0 ...(i)
x 6 0
and 3x+ ky + 15 = 0 ...(ii)
Comparing eq (i) with a1x + b1y +c1 = 0 and eq (ii) y 0 2
with a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, we get A(6, 0), B(0, 2)
a1=1, a2 = 3, b1 = 2, b2 = k, c1 = – 5 and c2 = 15 2 x − 12
Equation (ii) : y =
Since, given equations have unique solution, So, 3

S OLUT I ONS P-23

 x 6 0 and 2x – 3y = – 4
y 0 –4 2x + 4
Þ
y =
A(6, 0), C(0, – 4) 1 3
Vertices A(6, 0), B(0, 2) and C(0, – 4)
x –2 1 4
\ Area of DABC =  1 × 2 × 6 + 1 × 4 × 6  km2
2 2  y 0 2 4 1
= (6 + 12) km2 y
= 18 km2 1
6
–4
5 3 y=
5 2 x–
4 (4, 4)
x + 2y = 5 4
3
B(0, 2) 3
2 (1, 2)
2
1 A (6, 0)
1 (3, 1)
X' X (–2, 0)
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (5, 0)
–1 x' x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–2 –1
–3 –2
–4 C (0, –4) –3
–5 –4
–5
Y'  1
4.
Given, x + 2y = 5
y'
5-x
Þ
y = 2
2 Thus, the lines meet x-axis at (5, 0) and (– 2 0)
x 1 3 5 respectively. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

y 2 1 0 1

qqq

WORKSHEET-29
Solutions x 3 7 11
1. Given, 4x + py + 8 = 0 ...(1)
2x + 2y + 2 = 0 ...(2) y 3 0 –3
a b
y

Thus, the condition of unique solution is 1 ¹ 1 1 3=

0

a2 b2 9
4y
+
8 x–
4 p 2 p
3
7
Hence, ¹ or ¹ 6
2 2 1 2 5
(7, 6)

(3, 3)
4
\ p ¹ 4 1 3 (3, 1)
Hence the value of p is other than 4, it may be 1, 2, 2
(–1, 0) 1 (7, 0)
3, – 4, ..... etc. x' x

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0
2.
Given, 3x – 4y + 3 = 0 –1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3x
3x + 3
+
–2 4y
Þ y = –3 (11, –3)
– 21
4
=
–4 0
–5
–6
x 3 7 –1 –7
–8
y 3 6 0 –9
and 3x + 4y – 21 = 0 y' 1
21 - 3x
Þ
y = (i)
These lines intersect each other at point (3, 3).
4  Hence, x = 3 and y = 3. 1

P-24 1 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 (ii) The vertices of triangular region are (3, 3), (–1, 0) Y
and (7, 0). 1 x+3
y=
Y
6
1 (0, 2)
(iii)
Area of ∆ = ×8×3
2 2 (3, 1)
1
(6, 0)
Hence, Area of obtained D = 12 sq. units. B
X' X
6-x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
3. Given, x + 3y = 6 or y = ...(i)
3 –1
–2 (3, –2)
x 3 6 0 12
–3 y=
(0, – 4) –4 –3
2x
y 1 0 2 1 A

and
2x – 3y = 12 ...(ii)
2 x - 12
Þ y
= Y'
3 1
The two lines intersect each other at point B (6, 0).
x 0 6 3 Hence, x = 6 and y = 0.
1
Again, DOAB is the region bounded by the line
y –4 0 –2 2x – 3y = 12 and both the co-ordinate axes. 1

Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining

them, we get the graphs of the equations x + 3y = 6
and 2x – 3y = 12.
qqq

WORKSHEET-30
Solutions Y

1.
Given, 2x + 3y = 12
5 x–y=1
12 - 2 x (0, 4)
Þ y = B4
3 3 P
M2 (3, 2)
x 0 6 3 1 (1, 0) (6, 0)
(0, 0)
X'
y 4 0 2 1
X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1
and x – y = 1 A (0, –1)
–2 2x + 3y = 12
Þ y = x – 1 –3
x–y=1
x 0 1 3 –4

y –1 0 2 1
Y' 1
Plotting the above points and drawing lines joining
2. Given, 2x + 3y = 12
them, we get the following graph.
12 - 2 x
Clearly, the two lines intersect at point P(3, 2). Þ y =
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2 3
Area of shaded triangle region = Area of DPAB
x 0 6 3
1
= × base × height y 4 0 2 1
2
and x – y = 1
1 Þ y = x – 1

= × AB × PM
2
x 0 1 3
1
= ×5×3 y –1 0 2 1
2
= 7.5 square unit. 1

S OLUT I ONS P-25

 Y Plotting the above points and drawing the lines
x–y–1=0 joining them, we get the above graph.
2x
(0, 4) 4 +3 The two lines intersect each other at point C(3, 2),
y=
12 Hence, x = 3 and y = 2. 1
3
(3, 2) Thus, DABC is the region between the two lines
2 C
represented by the given equations and the X-axis.
1 (6, 0)
A B
X' X
0 1
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
(0, –1) –1 (1, 0)

–2
–3

Y'

qqq

TOPIC-2
Algebraic Methods to Solve Pair of Linear Equations

WORKSHEET-31
Solutions 6
So, b =
5
1. Correct option : (b) and (d)
from eq. (i),
Explanation : x + y = 5
(b) 2x + 5y = –11 and 4x + 10y = –22 6
x + = 5
Put x = 2 and y = –3 in both the equations, 5
LHS = 2x + 5y Þ 2 × 2 + (–3) 6
Þ 4 – 15 = –11 = RHS x = 5 –
5
LHS = 4x + 10y Þ 4(2) + 10(–3)
Þ 8 – 30 = –22 = RHS 19 19
x = Þa= .
(d) x – 4y – 14 = 0 and 5x – y – 13 = 0 5 5
x – 4y = 14 and 5x – y = 13 3.
x + 2y – 2 = 0
Put x = 2 and y = –3 in both the equations, x – 3y – 7 = 0
LHS = x – 4y Þ 2 – 4(–3) Þ 2 + 12 = 14 = RHS Using the formula
LHS = 5x – y Þ 5(2) – (–3) Þ 10 + 3 = 13 = RHS x y 1
= = 1
19 6 b1c 2 − b2 c1 c1a2 − c 2 a1 a1b2 − a2 b1
2. ,
5 5 y 1
x
= =
Explanation : − 14 − 6 −2 + 7 −3 −2

Given, x + y = 5 ...(i)
x y −1
2x – 3y = 4 ...(ii) Þ = =
By solving eq (i) and (ii), −20 5 5
2x + 2y = 10 x −1
Þ =
2x – 3y = 4 −20 5
– + – y −1
5y = 6 Þ =
5 5
6
y = Þ x = 4
5 and y = – 1 1
Given, y = b [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

P-26 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 4.
Let one man can finish the work in x days and one 1
boy can finish the same work in y days. 10b =
6 1
1
Then, work done by one man in one day = 1
x 1
or b = Þ
60 y
1
and work done by one boy in one day = Þ y = 60 days.
y
1
According to the problem, Putting b = in equation (iii),
60
2 7 1
+ = ...(i) 7 1
x y 4 2a + =
60 4
4 4 1
and + = ...(ii) 1 7
x y 3 Þ 2a = -
4 60
1 1
Let be a and be b, then 1
x y Þ
a =
15
1
2a + 7b = ...(iii) 1 1
4 So =
15 x
1
and 4a + 4b = ...(iv) 1 \ x = 15 days.
3
Hence, one man can finish it in 15 days and boy in
On multiplying eqn. (iii) by 2 and subtract eqn. (iv)
60 days. 1
from it
qqq

WORKSHEET-32
Solutions 3x + 12 – 8x – 7 = 0
5 – 5x = 0
1. Correct option : (d)
5x = 5
Explanation : Let the number of ` 1 coins = x and
\ x = 1 ½
the number of ` 2 coins = y
So, according to the question, Substituting this value of x in (iii), we get,
       x + y = 50 ...(i) y = 6 – 4 × 1
x + 2y = 75 ...(ii) y = 2 ½
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), Hence, values of x and y are 1 and 2 respectively. ½
y = 25 x 2y
5.
Given, + = – 1
Substituting value of y in (i), 2 3
x = 25
3x + 4 y
So, y = 25 and x = 25 = – 1 1
6
2. –2
Explanation : x + 2y = 10 or, 3x + 4y = – 6 ...(i)
x + 2 × 6 = 10 x y
and - =3
x + 12 = 10 1 3
x = 10 – 12
3x - y
x = – 2 =3
3
3.
Solving for x and y and getting x = 3 and y = 1
or, 3x – y = 9 ...(ii)
\ a = 3 and b = 1.
On subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i), 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 3x + 4y = – 6
4.
Given, 3x + 2y – 7 = 0 ....(i) 3x – y = 9
and 4x + y – 6 = 0 ....(ii) – + –
From eqn. (ii), we have 5y = – 15
y = 6 – 4x ...(iii) ½ \ y = – 3
On putting this value of y in eqn. (i), we get Putting y = – 3 in eq (i), we get
3x + 2(6 – 4x) – 7 = 0 3x + 4 (– 3) = – 6

S OLUT I ONS P-27

 3x – 12 = – 6 6.
Let age of father and son be x and y respectively.
3x = 12 – 6 Then, x + y = 40 ...(i) 1
3x = 6 and x = 3y ...(ii) 1
\ x = 2 By solving eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
Hence, x = 2 and y = – 3. 1 x = 30 and y = 10 1
Thus, the ages of father and son are 30 years and
10 years. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq

WORKSHEET-33
Solutions years and 36 years, respectively.
2. Second.
1. Correct option : (c)
Explanation :
Explanation : Let the present age of father be x years
let first integer = x
and the present age of son be y years. and second integer = y
\ According to the question, \ 2x + 3y = 39 and 3x + 2y = 36
x = 6y ...(i) 2x + 3y = 39 × 3
Age of the father after four years = (x + 4) years 3x + 2y = 36 × 2
Age of son after four years = (y + 4) years 6x + 9y = 117
Now, according to the question, 6x + 4y = 72
   x + 4 = 4(y + 4) ...(ii) – – –
5y = 45
Þ      x + 4 = 4y + 16
y = 9,
Þ 6y – 4y = 16 – 4  [From (i), x = 6y] \ 3x + 18 = 36
Þ   2y = 12 3x = 36 – 18
Þ       y = 6 3x = 18
\        x = 6 × 6 = 36 years 18
x =
and        y = 6 years 3
So, the present ages of the son and the father are 6 x = 6
Hence, x < y.

3. Since, AB = CD and BC = AD 1
Þ x + y = 30
and x – y = 14
Solving to get x = 22 and y = 8. ½+½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

[Topper‘s Answer, 2018]

4.
Let fixed charges for reading book = ` x x + 4y = 27 ...(i)
Let additional charges per day = ` y x + 2y = 21 ...(ii)
then On solving both the equations

P-28 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 x = ` 15 and y = ` 3 6.
Let cost of 1 chair be ` x and cost of 1 table be ` y
Hence, Shristi paid additional charges = ` 12 According to the question,
Rekha paid additional charges = ` 6 2 4x +3y = 2100 ...(i)
and 5x +2y = 1750 ...(ii) 1
5.
Let the speed of car at A be x km/h 1
Multiplying eqn. (i) by 2 and eqn. (ii) by 3, we get
And the speed of car at B y km/h
Case 1 8x – 8y = 80 8x +6y = 4200 ...(iii)
or, x – y = 10 15x + 6y = 5250 ...(iv) 1
4 4 eqn. (iv) – eqn. (iii)
Case 2 x + y = 80 Þ 7x = 1050
3 3
\ x = 150 1
or, x + y = 60 1 Substituting the value of x in (i) we get y = 500
On solving, x = 35 and y = 25 Thus, the cost of one chair and one table are ` 150
Hence, speed of cars at A and B are 35 km/h and 25 and ` 500 respectively.
km/h respectively. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
qqq

WORKSHEET-34
Solutions x = 3 × 15 = 45
Hence, father’s present age is 45.
1.
Let income of A = 8x and
income of B = 7x. 3. Let the fraction be x
Also their expenditures be 19y and 16y. y
Þ 8x – 19y = 2550 ...(i)
and 7x – 16y = 2550 ...(ii) x−2 1
\ = ...(1) 1
Solving the equations y 3
x = 1530 and y = 510 x 1
\ Salary of A = 12240 and = ...(2) 1
y −1
Salary of B = 10710 2 2

2. Let sum of the ages of two children be x years and Solving (1) and (2) to get x = 7, y = 15.
father’s age be y years. 7
\ Required fraction is 1
\ y = 3x ...(1) 1 15
and y + 5 = 2(x + 10) ...(2) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Solving equations (1) and (2) Detailed Solution :
x
x = 15
Let the fraction be .
y
and y = 45
According to the first condition,
Father’s present age is 45 years. 1 x−2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] =
y 3
Detailed Solution : Þ 3x – 6 = y
Let the age of father be x years and sum of the ages Þ y = 3x – 6 ...(i)
of his children be y years. According to the second condition,
After 5 years, x 1
Father’s age = (x + 5) years =
y −1 2
Sum of ages of his children = (y + 10) years
According to the given condition, Þ 2x = y – 1
x = 3y ...(i) Þ y = 2x+1 ...(ii)
and x+5 = 2(y + 10) From eq’s. (i) and (ii), we get
or, x – 2y = 15 ...(ii) 3x – 6 = 2x + 1
Solving eq’s (i) and (ii), we get Þ x = 7
3y – 2y = 15 Substitute value of x in eq (i), we get
Þ y = 15 y = 3(7) – 6
Substituting value of y in eq. (i), we get y = 21 – 6 = 15

S OLUT I ONS P-29

 7 1 1

Hence, fraction is . = \ x=4 1
15 x 2
1 1 Putting the value of X in eqn. (i), we get
4. Substituting = X and
=Y
x y 1
2· + 3Y = 2

2
2X + 3Y = 2 ....(i)
and 4X – 9Y = – 1 ....(ii) 1 3Y = 2 – 1
Multiplying eqn. (i) by 3, and add in (ii), we get 1
Y = 1
4X – 9Y = – 1 3
6X + 9Y = 6 1 1 1
Þ Y = or = Þ y=9
10X =5 3 y 3
5 1
10X = 5 or X = 10 ⇒ 2 Hence, x = 4 and y = 9. 1

qqq

WORKSHEET-35
Solutions 5
⇒
x + 5 = (y + 5)
1. Let larger angle be x° 2
⇒
2(x + 5) = 5(y + 5)
\ Smaller angle = 180° – x° ½
⇒
2x + 10 = 5y + 25
\ (x) – (180 – x) = 18 ½ ⇒
2x = 5y + 15
2x = 180 + 18 = 198 Þ x = 99 ½ ⇒
2(3y) = 5y +15 [from eq (i)]
\ The two angles are 99°, 81° ½ ⇒
6y = 5y + 15
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] ⇒
y = 15
Detailed Solution :
Again, from eq(i)
Let the one angle be x.
x = 3y
Then, other angle (it’s supplementary angle) = (180° – x)
⇒ x = 3 × 15 = 45
Given, x + 18° = (180° – x)
Hence, Sumit’s present age is 45 years.
⇒ 2x = 180° – 18° 3.
x + y = 7 and 2 (x – y) + x + y + 5 + 5 = 27
⇒ 2x = 162° \ x + y = 7 and 3x – y = 17
⇒ x = 81° Solving, we get, x = 6 and y = 1 3

Now, other angle = 180° – 81° [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
= 99° 1
1
Hence, two required angles are 81° and 99°. 4. Let = p and =q
x -1 y-2
2. Let Son’s present age be x years
Then, given equations become
Then Sumit’s present age = 3x years. ½
5 6p – 3q = 1 ...(i)
\ 5 Years later, we have, 3x + 5 = (x + 5) ½ and 5p + q = 2 ...(ii) ½
2
6x + 10 = 5x + 25 Þ x = 15 ½ Multiply eqn. (ii) by 3 and add in eqn. (i), we get
\ Sumit’s present age = 45 years ½ 21p = 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 7 1
\ p = 21 ⇒ 3 1
Detailed Solution :
Let Sumit’s present age be x years and his son’s Putting this value of p in equation (i),
present age be y years.
According to given condition,  1
6   – 3q = 1
x = 3y ...(i)  3

After five years, Þ
2 – 3q = 1
Sumit’s age = x + 5 1
and His son’s age = y + 5 \
q = 1
3
Now, again according to given condition,
1 1 1
Now, = p Þ
x + 5 = 2 (y + 5) x -1 3
2

P-30 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Þ x – 1 = 3
Þ y – 2 = 3
\
x = 4 \ y = 5
1 1 Hence, x = 4 and, y = 5. ½
and = q Þ
y-2 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-36
Solutions \ Number = 10x + y
According to the question,
1 8(x + y) – 5 = 10x + y
1
1.
Let = a and =b Þ 2x – 7y + 5 = 0 ...(i)
x y
also, 16(x – y) + 3 = 10x + y
Þ 21a + 47b = 110 and 47a + 21b = 162 Þ 6x – 17y + 3 = 0 ...(ii) 1
Adding and subtracting the two equations, we get On comparing the equation with ax + by + c = 0,
a + b = 4 and a – b = 2 we get
Solving the above two equations, we get a = 3 and a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
b=1 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
1 a1 = 2, b1 = – 7, c1 = 5
\ x = and y = 1. and a2 = 6, b2 = – 17, c2 = 3
 3
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] x y 1
Then, = =
2. Let number of right answers be x. b1c 2 − b2 c1 c1a2 − c 2 a1 a1b2 − a2 b1
Let number of wrong answers be y.
x y
As per question =
4x – y = 70 ...(i)
( -7 )( 3) - ( -17 )( 5) ( 5)( 6 ) - ( 2 )( 3)
5x – 2y = 80 ...(ii) 1
2 × eq. (i) – eq. (ii), = 1
( 2 )( -17 ) - ( 6 )( -7 )
8x – 2y = 140
x y 1
5x – 2y = 80 Þ
= =
– + – -21 + 85 30 - 6 -34 + 42
3x = 60 2 x y 1
Þ = =
Þ x = 20 64 24 8
Substituting the value of x in eq (i) to get value of y, x y
4(20) – y = 70 Þ = = 1 1
8 3
Þ 80 – y = 70
\ y = 10 1 Hence, x =8 and y = 3
Hence, total number of questions are = 20 + 10 = 30. So, required number = 10 × 8 + 3 = 83. 1
3. Let the digits of number be x and y. qqq

WORKSHEET-37
Solutions 2. Let the number of red balls be x and white balls be y.
According to the question,
1.
Let length of the flag be x cm and breadth of the flag 1 1
be y cm y = x or 2x – 3y = 0 ...(i)
2 3
2(x + y) = 50
or, x + y = 25 ....(i) and 3(x + y) – 7y = 6 1
(x – 3) (y + 2) = xy – 6 1 or 3x – 4y = 6 ...(ii)
or, xy + 2x – 3y – 6 = xy – 6 Multiplying eqn. (i) by 3 and eqn. (ii) by 2 and then
or, 2x – 3y = 0 ....(ii) subtracting, we get
On solving the eqns. (i) and (ii), 6x – 9y = 0 1
x = 15 cm and y = 10 cm 1 6x – 8y = 12
\ Length of the flag = 15 cm – + –
and Breadth of the flag = 10 cm 1 – y = – 12

S OLUT I ONS P-31

 \ y =12  10 − 44 v 

Þ 4   +55 v = 13
Substituting y = 12 in eqn. (i),  3 
2x – 36 = 0
Þ 4(10 – 44v) + 165v = 39
\ x = 18 1
Þ 40 – 176v + 165v = 39
Hence, number of red balls = 18

Þ –11v = –1
and number of white balls = 12. 1 1

Þ v =
3. Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr 11
and speed of the stream be y km/hr.
Putting value of v in eq. (v), we get
30 44 1
Given + = 10 ...(i) 1 10 − 44 ×
x−y x+y
Þ u = 11

30
and 40 55
+ = 13 ...(ii) 1
x−y x+y 1

Þ u =
Solving (i) and (ii) to get 5
x + y = 11 ...(iii) 1 1

So, u = and v =
and x – y = 5 ...(iv) 5 11
Solving (iii) and (iv) to get x = 8, y = 3. 1
Now,
Speed of boat = 8 km/hr & speed of stream 1 1
= 3 km/hr. 1 Þ u = =
x−y 5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Detailed Solution :
x – y = 5 ...(vi)
Let the speed of boat in still water = x km/h 1 1
and v = =
and the speed of current (stream) = y km/h x+y 11

Relative speed of boat in down stream = x + y Þ x + y = 11 ...(vii)
Relative speed of boat in up stream = x – y on adding eqs. (vi) and (vii), we get
According to the first condition, 2x = 16
\ 30 44
+ = 10 ...(i) Þ x = 8
x−y x+y
Substitute value of x in eq (vi), we get
According to the second condition, 8 – y = 5
40 55 y = 3
+ = 13 ...(ii)
x−y x+y Hence speed of boat in still water = 8 km/ h

1 1 and speed of stream = 3 km / h
Let = u and =v 4. Let the ten’s and unit digit be y and x respectively.
x−y x+y
So, the number is 10y + x. ½

So, 30 u + 44v = 10 ...(iii) The number, when its digits are reversed, becomes

40 u + 55 v = 13 ...(iv) 10x + y.

From eq. (iii), So, 7(10y + x) = 4(10x + y) ½

30 u = 10 – 44 v Þ 70y + 7x = 40x + 4y
10 − 44 v Þ 70y – 4y = 40x – 7x
u = ...(v) Þ 2y = x ...(i) 1

30
and x – y = 3 ...(ii) ½

Putting value of u in eq. (iv), we get
From (i) and (ii), we get
 10 − 44 v  y = 3 and x = 6
40   +55 v = 13

3  Hence, the number is 36. 1½
qqq

P-32 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
4 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

TOPIC-1
Solutions of Quadratic Equations
WORKSHEET-38
Solutions 2
a 2 +4ba2 - 4 b
2
a2 - b2
\ x = or x == 1
1. Correct option : (d) 2 8 2
Explanation : [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
x 3 - x 2 = x 3 - 1 - 3x( x - 1)
x 3 - x 2 = x 3 - 1 - 3x 2 + 3x x 2 + 3x + 2 + x 2 - 3x + 2 4 x - 8 - 2x - 3
5. Here, 2
= 1
x +x-2 x-2
- x 2 + 3x 2 + 1 - 3x = 0
2
2x - 3x + 1 = 0 (2x2 + 4) (x – 2) = (2x – 11) (x2 + x – 2)

Þ 5x2 + 19x – 30 = 0 1
It is of the form of ax2 +bx +c=0. Þ (5x – 6) (x + 5) = 0
2. real 6
Þ x = – 5 or 1
5
3. 3x 2 + 6 = 9
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
3x2 + 6 = 81
3x2 = 81 – 6 Þ 75 2
75  2x   2x 
6. Given,  + 5 - 24 = 0
x2 = Þ 25  x - 5   x - 5 
3
\ x = ± 5 2x
Let = y 1
Hence, positive root = 5. 1 ( x - 5)

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] \ y2 + 5y – 24 = 0 1
Þ (y + 8) (y – 3) = 0 1
4. Here, A = 4, B = –4a2 and C = (a4 – b4) y = 3 or – 8
− B ± B2 − 4 AC Putting y = 3 we get

Since, x
= 2x
2A =3
x−5
−( −4 a 2 ) ± ( ( −4 a 2 )2 − 4 × 4 × ( a 4 − b 4 ) 2x = 3x – 15
Then, x= Þ x = 15
2×4
2x
Again, for y = – 8, =–8
4 a 2 ± 16 a 4 - 16 a 4 + 16b 4 x−5
Þ =
8 2x = – 8x + 40

10x = 40
4 a 2 ± 16 b 4 x = 4
Þ = 1 Hence, x = 15 or 4 1
8 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

Þ 4 a2 ± 4b2 a2 ± b2
x = =
8 2

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-33

 WORKSHEET-39
Solutions Þ x = y + 6 ½
According to the question,
1. Correct option : (c) x2 + y2 = 468
Explanation : Þ (y + 6)2 + y2 = 468
( ) + ( 3)
2 2
2x + 2 × 2x × 3 + x 2 = 3x 2 - 5x Þ 2y2 + 12y + 36 = 468
Þ 2y2 + 12y – 432 = 0
2x 2 + 3 + 2 6x + x 2 = 3x 2 - 5x
Þ y2 + 6y – 216 = 0
3x 2 + 2 6x + 3 = 3x 2 - 5x Þ (y + 18)(y – 12) = 0

x 5+2 6 +3= 0 ( ) \ y = – 18 or 12
Rejecting y = – 18, as side can not be negative.
It is not of the form of ax2 +bx +c = 0. \ y = 12 and x = 18 1
2. quadratic. x = 12 + 6
= 18
1
3. Putting x = − in 3x2 + 2kx – 3 = 0 Hence, the side of larger square = 18 m and that of
2
smaller square = 12 m.
2
 1  1
3  -  + 2k  −  – 3 = 0 a a+b
2  2 5. Here, x 2 + x+ x + 1 = 0
a+b a
3 a  a+b a 
Þ
4
– k – 3 = 0 Þ x  x +  +  x +  = 0 1
 a + b a a + b

3
a  a + b
Þ k =
4
–3 Þ  x +   x +  = 0 1
 a + b a 

3 - 12 -a -( a + b )
Þ k = Þ x = or 1
4 a + b a
-9 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Hence, k = 1
4
6. a(x – b)(x – c) + b(x – a)(x – c) = 2c(x – a)(x – b) 1½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Þ x2(a + b – 2c) + x(–ab –ac –ab – bc + 2ac + 2bc) = 0
4. Let the side of the smaller square be y and the Þ x2(a + b – 2c) + x(–2ab + ac + bc) = 0 1½
side of the longer square be x, then difference of
perimeters = 24. ½  ac + bc - 2 ab 
Þ x = −  1
 a + b - 2 c 
Þ 4x – 4y = 24
Þ x – y = 6 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

qqq

WORKSHEET-40
Solutions b2 – 4ac > 0
Given, x2 – 6x – 6 = 0
1. Correct option : (c)
− b + b 2 − 4 ac −( − 6 ) + ( −6 )2 − 4 × (1) × ( − 6 )
Explanation : Put the value of x = 2 in 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 =
2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 2a 2×1
   2(2)2 – 7(2) + 6 = 0 6 + 36 + 24
=
   2(4) – 14 + 6 = 0 2
        8 – 14 + 6 = 0
6 + 60
      0 = 0 =
So, 2 is a root of 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 2
2. 3, 3 6 + 2 15
=
Explanation : Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0 2
− b + b 2 − 4 ac − b − b 2 − 4 ac = 3 + 15
are and where
2a 2a Similarly,

P-34 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 − b − b 2 − 4 ac -5 ± 25 + 4( a 2 + a - 6 )
= 3 − 15 .
2a Then, x = 1
2
2
3. Given, 3 x – 2x – 3 = 0
-b ± b 2 - 4 ac
Þ 2
3 x – 3x + x – 3 = 0 [ x = ]
2a
Þ
3 x (x – 3 ) +1(x– 3 ) = 0 -5 ± ( 2 a + 1)
= 1
Þ (x – 3 )( 3 x +1) = 0 2

-1 2a - 4 -2 a - 6
= or
\ x = 3 or 1 2 2
3 
Thus, x = a – 2 or x = – (a + 3) ½+½
2
4. Substituting x = in ax2 + 7x + b = 0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
3
4 14 6. Let the speed while going be x km/h.
a+ + b = 0
9 3 \ Speed while returning = (x + 10) km/h
Þ 4a + 42 + 9b = 0 According to question,
Þ 4a + 9b = – 42 ...(i) ½ 150 150 5
- = 2
again, substituting x = – 3 in ax2 + 7x + b = 0 x x + 10 2
9a – 21 + b = 0
Þ x2 + 10x – 600 = 0
Þ 9a + b = 21 ...(ii) ½
Þ (x + 30)(x – 20) = 0
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
Þ x = 20 or – 30 1
a = 3 and b = – 6 1
Rejecting negative value,
5. Given, \ Speed while going =20 km/h ½
x2 + 5x – (a2 + a – 6) = 0 and speed while returning = 20 + 10 = 30 km/h ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

WORKSHEET-41
Solutions 3. If Discriminant of quadratic equation is equal to
zero, or more than zero, then roots are real.
1. Correct option : (a) 1
Explanation : Since, is a root of the equation Given, 3x 2 − k 3x + 4 = 0
2
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
5
x 2 + kx - =0, a = 3, b = −k 3 and c = 4
4
2 Since, Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac ½
Then,  1  + k  1  - 5 = 0
2 2 4 and for real roots b2 – 4ac ≥ 0
   
( )
2
1 k 5 Þ −k 3 − 4 × 3 × 4 ≥ 0
+ - =0
4 2 4
Þ 3k2 – 48 ≥ 0

k 5 1
= - Þ
k2 – 16 ≥ 0
2 4 4
k Þ (k – 4)(k + 4) ≥ 0

=1
2 \
k ≥ – 4 and k ≥ 4 ½
k=2 2
4. On completing the square, x – 4x + 4 – 4 – 8 = 0
2.
– 16. Þ (x – 2)2 – 8 – 4 = 0 ½
Explanation : Þ (x – 2)2 – 12 = 0
Given equation, x2 – 6x – 16 = 0 Þ (x – 2)2 = 12
−b −( − 6 ) Þ (x – 2)2 = (2 3 )2 ½
= =6
Sum of roots, a 1
Þ
x – 2 = ± 2 3
c −16
Product of roots, = = – 16.
a 1

S OLUT I ONS P-35

 Þ x = 2 ± 2 3 ½ x 2x + 1 58
Again, + = 1
2 x + 1 x 21
\ x = 2 + 2 3 or 2 – 2 3 ½
Þ 21[x2 + (2x + 1)2] = 58 (2x2 + x)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Þ 11x2 – 26x – 21 = 0 1
5. Given, (x – 1)2 – 5(x – 1) – 6 = 0 11x2 + 33x – 7x – 21 = 0
Þ x2 – 2x + 1 – 5x + 5 – 6 = 0 1 7
Þ x2 – 7x + 6 – 6 = 0 x = 3 or − (rejected negative value)
11
Þ x2 – 7x = 0 1
3
Þ x(x – 7) = 0 Hence, fraction = ½+1
\ x = 0 or 7 1 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
6. Let numerator be x.
x qqq
Then, the fraction = ½
2x + 1

WORKSHEET-42
Solutions 1
Product of roots = a ×
α
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0 Given, equation (k – 1) x2 – 10 x + 3 = 0
3
On comparing with ax2 +bx +c = 0 Product of roots =
a = – 1, b= 3, c = – 3 ( k − 1)
-b -3
3 1
\ Sum of the roots = = =3
 = a ×
a -1
k −1 α
2. 4. 3
= 1
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] k −1
Explanation : 3 = k – 1
Let one root = a k = 4.
1
and the other root =
α

3. x = 3 is one root of the equation

\ 9 - 6k - 6 = 0 ½
1
Þ k =  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] ½
2

3.

R + U [Topper's Answer 2018]

4. Let units digit and tens digit of the two digit number Þ 10y + x = 4y + 4x
be x and y respectively Þ 10y – 4y = 4x – x
\ Number is 10y + x Þ 6y = 3x
According to question, Þ 2y = x ...(i)
10y + x = 4(y + x) ½ Also, 10y + x = 3xy ...(ii)

P-36 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Time taken to cover 1500 km
Þ 10y + 2y = 3(2y)y [From eq (i)]
when speed increased 100 km/h
Þ 12y = 6y2
1500
Þ 6y2 – 12y = 0 (t2) = h ½
Þ 6y (y – 2) = 0 x + 100
Þ y = 0 or y = 2 ½ 1
Given, t1 – t2 = 30 minutes Þ h
Rejecting y = 0 as tens digit should not be zero for 2
two digit number. Then,

Þ x = 4 1500 1500
− 1
\ Required number = 10y + x Þ 10 × 2 + 4 = 24. 1 = 1
x x + 100 2

5. Let usual speed of the plane be x km/hr.
1500 x + 150000 − 1500 x 1
1500 1500 30 =
\ − = 1 x( x + 100 ) 2
x x + 100
60
⇒ x2 + 100x + 300000 = 0 150000 1
2 =
2
⇒ x + 600x – 500x – 300000 = 0 1 x + 100 x 2
⇒ (x + 600) (x – 500) = 0 x2 + 100x = 30,0000
x = – 600 or x = 500 ½ x2 + 100x – 30,0000 = 0
(Rejecting negative value) x2 + 600x – 500x – 30,0000 = 0
Speed of plane = 500 km/hr. ½ x(x + 600) – 500(x + 600) = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] (x + 600) (x – 500) = 0
etailed Solution :
D If x + 600 = 0 ⇒ x = – 600, but speed can not be negative.
Let the speed of plane be x km/h If x – 500 = 0 ½
⇒ x = 500
Time taken to cover 1500 km
\ Speed of the plane = 500 km/h ½
Distance 1500
(t1) = ⇒ h ½
speed x

OR

A [Topper's Answer, 2018]

S OLUT I ONS P-37

 1 1 1 1 -( a + b ) a+b
6. Given, = + + Þ = 1
a+b+x a b x x( a + b + x ) ab
1 1 1 1 Þ x(a + b+ x) = – ab
Þ - = + 1
a+b+x x a b Þ x2 + (a + b)x + ab = 0
Þ (x + a)(x + b) = 0
x - (a + b + x) a+b
Þ = 1 Þ x = – a or x = – b 1
x( a + b + x ) ab
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

x -a-b-x a+b
Þ =
x( a + b + x ) ab

qqq

WORKSHEET-43
Solutions Þ 3x[3x – (a + 2b)] – (2a + b) [3x – (a + 2b)] = 0

1. 2
Roots of the equation 3x – 10x + k = 0 are Þ [3x – (a + 2b)][3x – (2a + b)] = 0
1
reciprocal of each other Þ 3x – (a + 2b) = 0 or 3x – (2a + b) = 0

Þ Product of roots = 1 ½ a + 2b 2a + b
Þ
x= or x = ½
k 3 3
Þ = 1 Þ k = 3 ½
3 a + 2b 2 a + b
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Hence, the roots = , ½
3 3
2. Let the number of wickets taken by Zahir be x. 4. B
Then, the number of wickets taken by Harbhajan
= 2x – 3 ½
According to question, x(2x – 3) = 20 ½ c = 25 cm
Þ 2x2 – 3x = 20
a

\ Required quadratic equation is,
2x2 – 3x – 20 = 0. 1 90°
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
C b A
3. Given,
Here, a + b + c = 60 and c = 25
9x2 – 9(a + b)x + 2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 0
a + b = 60 – c
First, we solve, a + b = 60 – 25 Þ 35 1
2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 = 2a2 + 4ab + ab + 2b2 Using Pythagoras theorem,
Here, = 2a[a + 2b] + b[a + 2b] a2 + b2 = 625
= (a + 2b) (2a + b) 1 Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab 1
Hence, the equation becomes 352 = 625 + 2ab
9x2 – 9(a + b)x + (a + 2b)(2a + b) = 0 or, 1225 – 625 = 2ab
Þ ab = 300 1
Þ 9x2 – 3[3a + 3b]x + (a + 2b)(2a + b) = 0
1
Þ 9x2 – 3[(a + 2b) + (2a + b)]x + (a + 2b)(2a +b) Hence, area of DABC = ab = 150 cm2. 1
2
=0
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Þ 9x – 3(a + 2b)x – 3(2a + b)x +(a + 2b)(2a + b)= 0
qqq

WORKSHEET-44
Solutions k2 = 64

1. For equal roots, D = 0 k2 = 64

\ b2 – 4ac = 0 k = ± 64
2
Þ k = 4 × 2 × 8 1 \
k = ± 8 1

P-38 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 2. x -1
= ½
x +2
R x -3 x -1 29
x cm Then, + =
x x+2 20

2 cm
Q Þ 20[(x – 3) (x + 2) + x(x – 1)] = 29(x2 + 2x)
9 cm Þ 20(x2 – x – 6 + x2 – x) = 29x2 + 58x 1
17 cm Þ 11x2 – 98x – 120 = 0
P Þ 11x2 – 110x + 12x – 120 = 0
(11x + 12) (x – 10) = 0 or x = 10 1
7
1 \ The fraction is . [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
10
In right DPQR, by Pythagoras theorem
PQ2 = PR2 + RQ2
4. Let the length of shorter side be x m.
Þ 172 = (x + 9)2 + (x + 2)2 1
\ Length of diagonal = (x + 16) m ½
289 = x2 + 18x + 81 + x2
and length of longer side = (x + 14) m ½
+ 4x + 4
Using Pythagoras Theorem,
Þ 2x2 + 22x – 204 = 0 x2 + (x + 14)2 = (x + 16)2 1
Þ x2 + 11x – 102 = 0 ½
2 16
Þ x + 17x – 6x – 102 = 0 x+ x
Þ x(x + 17) – 6(x + 17) = 0 ½
(x – 6)(x + 17) = 0 x + 14
Þ x = 6 or x – 17 (x can’t be negative) ½
Thus, x = 6 cm Þ x2 – 4x – 60 = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ½ 2
Þ x + 6x – 10x – 60 = 0
Þ x(x + 6) – 10(x + 6) = 0
3. Let the denominator be x, then numerators = x – 3 x = – 6 or x = 10
x -3 Þ x = 10 m 1
So, the fraction = ½ \ Length of sides are 10 m and 24 m. ½+½
x
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
x -3+2

By the given condition, new fraction =
x+2

qqq

WORKSHEET-45
Solutions x(35 – x) = 150
Þ x2 – 35x + 150 = 0 1
1. Given, (x2 + y2)(a2 + b2) = (ax + by)2 Þ (x – 30)(x – 5) = 0
Þ x2a2 + x2b2 + y2a2 + y2b2 = a2x2 + b2y2 + 2abxy 1
Þ x = 30 or x = 5 (rejected)
Þ x2b2 + y2a2 – 2abxy = 0
Þ (xb – ya)2 = 0 Þ y = 5
[(a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab] 1 Hence, the age of father = 30 years and the age of
Þ xb = ya son = 5 years 1
x y 3. Let the length of the cloth be x m.
\ = 1
a b 200
Then, cost per metre = `
Hence proved x

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
Again, new length of the cloth= (x + 5) m
2. Let the age of father be x years.  200 
and age of son be y years. Then, new cost per metre = `  - 2 1
 x 
\ x + y = 35 and xy = 150 1
or y = 35 – x  200 
\ (x + 5)  - 2 = 200 1
Putting the value of y in xy = 150  x 

S OLUT I ONS P-39

 (x + 5) (200 − 2 x ) = 200 4. Let the original average speed of train be x km/hr.
Þ 63 72
x Therefore, + = 3 ½
x x+6
Þ 2
200x – 2x + 1000 – 10x = 200x
Þ x2 + 5x – 500 = 0 x2 – 39x – 126 =0 1
(x – 42) (x + 3) = 0 1
Þ (x + 25)(x – 20) = 0
x is not equal to – 3.
Þ x ¹ – 25, \ x = 20 1
\ x = 42 1
Thus, the length of the piece = 20 m. ½
Thus, original speed of train is 42 km/hr. ½
200 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
and original cost per metre = ` = ` 10 ½
20
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq

WORKSHEET-46
Solutions Þ x2 – 26x + 133 = 0
2
1. Let the total number of camels be x. Þ x – 19x – 7x + 133 = 0 1
According to the question, x(x – 19) – 7(x – 19) = 0
x Þ x = 7 or x = 19
+ 2 x + 15 = x 1 If x = 7, then marks in Mathematics = 7 1
4 and marks in Science = 25
Þ 3x – 8 x – 60 = 0
If x = 19, then
marks in Mathematics = 19 1
Let x = y, then marks in Science = 13.
3y2 – 8y – 60 = 0 3.
Let the speed of the car be x km/hr.
2 x
Þ 3y – 18y + 10y – 60 = 0
Therefore, time taken = hour 1
Þ 3y(y – 6) + 10(y – 6) = 0 2
Þ (3y + 10)(y – 6) = 0 1 Distance
Since, Speed =
10 Time
Thus, y = 6 or y = – (not possible)
3 2592
x = x 1
So, y = 6 or y2 = 36
2
x = y2 Þ 36 2
Þ x = 2592 × 2 1
Hence, the number of camels = 36. 1
x2 = 5184
2. Let marks in Mathematics = x
Then, marks in Science = 32 – x 1
Þ x2 = 5184
Again, according to the question, Þ
x = 72
(32 – x – 2)(x + 4) = 253 72
Hence, the time taken = ⇒ 36 hours. 1
Þ (30 – x)(x + 4) = 253 2
Þ 26x – x2 + 120 = 253
qqq

WORKSHEET-47
Solutions Þ x2 + 15x – 14x – 210 = 0
Þ x(x + 15) – 14(x + 15) = 0
1. Let the first natural number be x. Þ (x + 15)(x – 14) = 0 ½
\ Second consecutive natural number = x + 1 ½ Þ x + 15 = 0 or x – 14 = 0
According to the question, \ x = – 15 or x = 14  ½
x2 + (x + 1)2 = 421 Rejecting negative value,
first number = 14
Þ x + x2 + 2x + 1 = 421
2
½ and second consecutive number = 15 ½
Þ x2 + x – 210 = 0 ½

P-40 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


2. Since, speed can’t be negative, therefore – 48 is not
A 192 km B possible.
Let speed of passenger train be x km/h. ½ \ Speed of passenger train = 32 km/h ½
\ speed of superfast train = (x + 16) km/h ½ and speed of super fast train = 48 km/h.
192 3. Let width of grass strip be x m.
By question, Tpassenger = \ Length of pond = (50 – 2x) m
x
and Breadth of pond = (40 – 2x) m 1
192
and Tsuperfast = ½ And area of park – area of pond = area of grass strip

( x + 16 )
 Þ (50 × 40) – (50 – 2x)(40 – 2x) = 1184
According to the question, Þ 2000 – 2000 + 180x – 4x2 = 1184 1
192 192 Þ x2 – 45x + 296 = 0
− = 2 ½
x x + 16 Þ x2 – 37x – 8x + 296 = 0

Þ x(x – 37) – 8(x – 37) = 0
Þ 192(x + 16) – 192x = 2(x2 + 16x)
½
Þ x = 8 or 37 1
Þ 192x + 192 × 16 – 192x = 2(x2 + 16x)
½
37 is rejected.
Þ
x2 + 16x – 1536 = 0
2 Thus, the length of pond = 50 – 2 × 8
Þ
x + 48x – 32x – 1536 = 0
= 34 m
Þ
x(x + 48) – 32(x + 48) = 0 ½
and breadth of pond = 40 – 2 × 8
Þ (x – 32)(x + 48) = 0

= 24 m. 1
Þ
x = 32 or – 48
qqq

WORKSHEET-48
Solutions
(x + 2) (y – 3) = 210

Þ (x + 2) (30 – x – 3) = 210 (from eq(i))
1. Let two parts be x and 27 – x.
Þ (x + 2) (27 – x) = 210
1 1 3 27 − x + x 3
\ + = Þ =
Þ 27x – x2 + 54 – 2x = 210
x 27 − x 20 x( 27 − x ) 20

Þ –x2 + 25x – 156 = 0
⇒ x2 – 27x + 180 = 0
Þ x2 – 25x + 156 = 0
⇒ (x – 15) (x – 12) = 0 2
Þ x – 13x – 12x + 156 = 0
⇒ x = 12 or 15.
\ The two parts are 12 and 15 3
Þ x(x – 13) – 12 (x – 13) = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Þ (x – 12) (x – 13) = 0

Þ Either x = 12 or x = 13
2. Let marks in Hindi be x
when x = 12,
Then marks in Eng = 30 – x ½
then y = 30 – 12 = 18
\ (x + 2) (30 – x – 3) = 210 1

when x = 13,
Þ x2 – 25x + 156 = 0 or (x – 13) (x – 12) = 0 1

then y = 30 – 13 = 17
Þ x = 13 or x = 12
\ 30 – 13 = 17 or 30 – 12 = 18 1
Hence, the marks in Hindi 12 and marks in English
= 18 or the marks in Hindi = 13 and marks in
\ Marks in Hindi & English are
English = 17.
(13, 17) or (12, 18) ½
3. Let 7x and 7x + 7 be two consecutive multiples of
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
7. 1
Detailed Solution :
\ (7x)2 + (7x + 7)2 = 637
Let the marks in Hindi be x Þ 49x2 + 49x2 + 49 + 98x = 637 1
and the marks in English be y. Þ 98x2 + 98x – 588 = 0
According to question, Þ x2 + x – 6 = 0
x + y = 30 Þ (x + 3)(x – 2) = 0
Þ y = 30 – x ...(i) Þ x = –30 or 2
If he had got 2 marks more in Hindi, then his marks Neglecting negative value we have, x = 2 1
would be = x + 2 \ The multiples are 14 and 21. 1
and if he had 3 marks less in English, then his marks 4. Let the first number be x.
would be = y – 3 \ Second number = x + 5 ½
According to question, Now, according to the question,

S OLUT I ONS P-41

 1 1 1 Þ x2 + 5x – 50 = 0
− = ½
x x+5 10 2
Þ x + 10x – 5x – 50 = 0 1
x+5−x 1 Þ x(x + 10) – 5(x + 10) = 0
Þ 1
x ( x + 5) = 10 Þ (x + 10) (x – 5) = 0 1

Þ
50 = x2 + 5x x = 5 or – 10 rejected
Hence, the numbers = 5 and 10.
qqq

WORKSHEET-49
Solutions 2. Let the two consecutive even numbers be x and
x + 2. 1
1. (i) Let the cost price of the toy be ` x, then gain = x% \ (x)2 + (x + 2)2 = 340 1
 x  Þ x2 + x2 + 4 + 4x = 340
or, Gain = `  x × 
 100  Þ 2x2 + 4x – 336 = 0
 x2  x2 + 2x – 168 = 0
= `   1 Þ (x + 14)(x – 12) = 0
 100 
Þ x = 12 1
\
S.P. = C.P. + Gain (Neglecting negative sign)
x2 \ The numbers are, 12 and 14. 1
= x +
100 3. Let the first odd no. be 2x + 1
But S.P. = ` 24 \ Second consecutive odd number = 2x + 1 + 2
= 2x + 3 1
x2
\
x+ = 24 Now, according to question,
100
(2x + 1)2 + (2x + 3)2 = 394
or, 100x + x2 = 2400 Þ 4x + 4x + 1 + 4x2 + 12x + 9 = 394
2
1
2
or, x + 100x – 2400 = 0 1 Þ 8x2 + 16x – 384 = 0
or, x2 + 120x – 20x – 2400 = 0 Þ x2 + 2x – 48 = 0
or, x(x + 120) – 20(x + 120) = 0 Þ 2
x + 8x – 6x – 48 = 0
or, (x – 20)(x + 120) = 0 Þ x(x + 8) – 6(x + 8) = 0 1
or, x = 20 or x = – 120 1 x = – 8 or 6
or, x = 20, [Q x = – 120 is not \ First number = 2 × 6 + 1
possible]
= 13
Hence the cost price of the toy is ` 20.
and second odd number = 15 1
(ii)
Quadratic equation.
qqq

WORKSHEET-50
Solutions y2 = 20 + 8y
2
or, y – 8y – 20 = 0
1. (i) Let Arjun had x arrows. or, y2 – 10y + 2y – 20 = 0
Number of arrows used to cut arrows of or, y(y – 10) + 2(y – 10) = 0
x or, (y – 10) (y + 2) = 0
Bheeshm = or, y = 10 or y = – 2 ½
2
or, y = 10, [Q y cannot negative]
Number of arrows used to kill the rath driver = 6 or, x = y2
Number of other arrows used = 3
or, x = 100 ½
Remaining arrows = 4 x + 1 Hence, the number of arrows with Arjun is 100.
x (ii)
Quadratic equations.
So, +6+3+4 x +1 = x
2 2.
Let the original speed of the train be x km/h
or, x + 20 + 8 x = 2x 360 360 48
\ − = 2
x x + 5 60
or, x = 20 + 8 x  1
Þ x2 + 5x – 2250 = 0 1
Put x = y2, then

P-42 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Þ (x + 50) (x – 45) = 0 \ x = 45 1 4. Let the smaller tap fills the tank in x hrs
 Hence original speed of the train = 45 km/h \ the larger tap fills the tank in (x – 2) hrs.
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2019] 15
Time taken by both the taps together =
hrs. 8
1 1
3. − = 3 1
x x−2
1 1 8
x−2−x Therefore + = 2
3 x x − 2 15
= 1
x( x − 2 )
1
2
3x – 6x = – 2 Þ
4x2 – 23x + 15 = 0 ½
3x2 – 6x + 2 = 0 Þ
(4x – 3) (x – 5) = 0
3
6 ± 12 1 x ¹ \ x = 5 1
x = 4
6
Smaller and larger taps can fill the tank separately
3+ 3 3− 3 in 5 hrs and 3 hrs respectively. ½
1 = ,
3 3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]

qqq

WORKSHEET-51
Solutions Þ 432 + 24x – 432 + 24x = 324 – x2
Þ 48x = 324 – x2
1. Let the speed of stream be x km/h.
Þ x2 + 48x – 324 = 0
Then, the speed of boat upstream = (18 – x) km/h 2
Þ x + 54x – 6x – 324 = 0
and speed of boat downstream = (18 + x) km/h
Þ x (x + 54) – 6 (x + 54) = 0
According to the question,
Þ (x + 54)(x – 6) = 0
24 24
Þ − = 1 Þ x + 54 = 0 or x – 6 = 0
18 − x 18 +x
Þ x = – 54 or x = 6
24(18 + x ) − 24(18 − x ) Since, speed cannot be negative.
Þ =1
18 2 − x 2 Hence, the speed of steam x = 6 km/h. 4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
OR

S OLUT I ONS P-43



[Topper's Answer, 2018]

2.
Let the sides of two squares be a and b, Let P be the location of the pole such that its
then a2 + b2 = 400 ...(i) distance from gate B, x metres.
and 4(a – b) = 16
\
AP = x + 7 ½
Þ a – b = 4
Þ a = 4 + b ...(ii) ½ AB is diameter, ÐAPB = 90° and AB = 17 m
½
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
Using Pythagoras Theorem,
(4 + b)2 + b2 = 400 ½ \
x2 + (x + 7)2 = (17)2
Þ 16 + b2 + 8b + b2 = 400 ½
x2 + x2 + 14x – 240 = 0
Þ 2b2 + 8b – 384 = 0 ½
Þ b2 + 4b – 192 = 0 ½ or x2 + 7x – 120 = 0 1½
Þ b2 + 16b – 12b – 192 = 0 -7 ± 49 + 480
x =
Þ b(b + 16) – 12 (b + 16) = 0 ½ 2
Þ (b + 16)(b – 12) = 0 ½
b = – 16 or, b = 12 − 7 ± 23
x = = 8, – 15 (rejected)
(Rejecting the negative value) 2
So, b = 12 cm \
x = 8 m and x + 7 = 15 m 1
and a = 16 cm. ½

Hence, distance between two gates = 8 m and 15 m.
3. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
B

O x

A x+7 P
½

qqq

P-44 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 TOPIC-2
Discriminant and Nature of Roots

WORKSHEET-52
Solutions (vi) True, since, in this case discriminant is always
negative, so it has no real roots, that is, if b = 0, then
1. Correct option : (b) b2 – 4ac Þ – 4ac < 0 and ac > 0.
Explanation : x2 + x – 5 = 0
On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0 5. Since, (k + 1)x2 – 2(k + 1)x + 1 = 0
a = 1, b= 1, c = – 5 has equal roots.
b2 – 4ac =0 D = 0
(1) – 4 (1) (– 5) =1+20 =21>0
Þ b2 = 4ac 1
Hence, the equation has two distinct real roots.
Þ 4(k + 1)2 = 4(k + 1)
2. equal Þ k2 + 2k + 1 = k + 1
3. For roots to be real and equal, b2 – 4ac = 0 ½ Þ k2 + k = 0
2
⇒ (5k) – 4 × 1 × 16 = 0 ½ Þ k(k + 1) = 0
Þ k = 0 or – 1 1
8
k = ± k = – 1 does not satisfy the equation
5
So, k = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
6. Given, 2 is a root of the equation, 3x2 + px – 8 = 0
4. (i)  False, since, a quadratic equation has two and
only two roots. Putting x = 2 in 3x2 + px – 8 = 0, we get
12 + 2p – 8 = 0
(ii) False, for example x2 + 9 = 0 has no real root.
Þ p = – 2
(iii) False, since, a quadratic equation has two and only
two roots. Given, 4x2 – 2px + k = 0 has equal roots,
and 4x2 + 4x + k = 0 has equal roots. 1
(iv) True, because every quadratic polynomial has
almost two roots. \ D Þ b2 – 4ac = 0
Þ (4)2 – 4(4)(k) = 0
(v) True, since, in this case discriminant is always
Þ 16 – 16k = 0 1
positive, so it has always real roots, that is, ac < 0
Þ 16k = 16
and so, b2 – 4ac > 0.
\ k = 1 1

qqq

WORKSHEET-53
Solutions 4. Since, 2 is the root of x2 + kx + 12 = 0
1. Correct option : (d) Þ (2)2 + 2k + 12 = 0
Explanation : Given equation is 2x2 – kx + k = 0
On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0 Þ 2k + 16 = 0
a = 2, b= – k, c= k k = – 8 ½
For equal roots b2 – 4ac =0 Putting, k = – 8 in x2 + kx + q = 0
(– k)2 – 4 (2)(k) =0
      k2 – 8 k = 0 Þ x2 –8x + q = 0 ½
   k (k – 8) = 0 For equal roots,
           k = 0, 8 (–8)2 – 4(1)q = 0 ½
Hence, the required values of k are 0 and 8. Þ 64 – 4q = 0
2. real
Þ 4q = 64
3. Since roots of the equation x2 + 4x + k = 0 are real
Þ q = 16 ½
Þ 16 – 4k ≥ 0 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Þ k ≤ 4 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

S OLUT I ONS P-45

 5. Since, the given equation has equal roots, D = 0 6. For equal roots of x2 + 2px + mn = 0, 4p2 – 4mn = 0
So, D Þ b2 – 4ac = 0 1 Þ p2 = mn ...(i) 2
(2abc) – 4(1 + a2) b2(c2 – m2) = 0
2 For equal roots of
Þ 4a2 b2 c2 – (4b2 + 4a2 b2)(c2 – m2) = 0 1 x2 – 2 (m + n)x + (m2 + n2 + 2p2) = 0,
Þ 4a2b2c2 – [4b2c2 – 4b2m2 + 4a2b2c2 – 4a2b2m2] = 0 4(m + n)2 – 4(m2 + n2 + 2p2) = 0, 1
2 2 2 2
Þ 4a2b2c2 – 4b2c2 + 4b2m2 – 4a2b2c2 + 4a2b2m2 = 0 m + n + 2mn – m – n – 2(mn) = 0 (From (i))
Þ 4b2[a2m2 + m2 – c2] = 0 \ If roots of x2 + 2px + mn = 0 are equal, then
Þ c2 = a2m2 + m2 those of x2 – 2a(m + n)x + (m2 + n2 + 2p2) = 0 are
Þ c2 = m2(1 + a2) also equal. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
Hence Proved. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]

qqq

WORKSHEET-54
Solutions a = 2, b = -4, c = 3

We shall find D = b2 - 4ac
1. Correct option : (b)

So, D = (-4)2 - 4(2) × (3)
Explanation : Given equation is
3

= -8 < 0 or (-ve)
9x 2 + x - 2 = 0
Hence, the given equation has no real roots.
4
4. Here, a = 13 3 , b = 10 and c = 3 ½
1
(3x )2 + (3x ) = 2
4 Then, b2 – 4ac = (10)2 – 4(13 3 )( 3 )
½
2 2
2 1 1 1 = 100 – 156
(3x ) + (3x ) +   =   + 2
4 8 8 = – 56 ½
2
 1 1 As D < 0. ½
 3x + 8  = 64 + 2
  So, the equation has no real roots.
1 5. We have, A = (a2 + b2), B = 2(ac + bd) and C = (c2 + d2)
Thus, must be added and subtracted to solve the
64 For no real roots, D < 0 ½
quadratic equation. i.e., D Þ b2 – 4ac < 0
25 b2 – 4ac = [2(ac + bd)]2 – 4(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)] 1
2. = 4[a2c2 + 2abcd + b2d2]
12
– 4[a2c2 + a2d2 + b2c2 + b2d2]
Explanation : Since, 3x2 – 5x + p = 0 has equal roots
= 4[a c + 2abcd + b d – a2c2 – a2d2 – b2c2 – b2d2]
2 2 2 2
D = 0
= – 4[a2d2 + b2c2 – 2abcd] 1
b2 = 4ac = – 4(ad – bc]2
(– 5)2 = 4 × 3 × p Since, ad ¹ bc
25 = 12p Therefore, D < 0
25 Hence, the equation has no real roots. ½
p = .
12
6. (i) For x2 + kx + 64 = 0 to have real roots
k2 – 256 ³ 0 ...(i) 1½
3. 2x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 Þ D = 16 – 24 = – 8
\ Equation has no real roots 1 For x2 – 8x + k = 0 to have real roots
(ii)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 64 – 4k ³ 0 ...(ii) 1½
For (i) and (ii) to hold simultaneously
Detailed Solution :
k = 16 1
Given : 2x2 – 4x + 3 = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
On comparing above with ax2 + bx + c = 0,
qqq

P-46 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-55
Solutions
Þ x2 + 4x + 4x +16 = 0

Þ x(x + 4) + 4(x + 4) = 0
1. Correct option : (c)
Þ (x + 4)(x + 4) = 0
Explanation : 2x 2 - 5x + 1 = 0
Þ x = –4, –4

Hence, roots are –4 and –4.
On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0

when p = – 8,
a = 2, b= - 5 , c= 1 from eg (i), x2 – 8x + 16 = 0

Discriminant =b2 – 4ac =( - 5 )2 – 4(2)(1)
Þ x2 – 4x – 4x +16 = 0
= 5 – 8 = – 3 <0
Þ x(x – 4) –4(x – 4) = 0
Therefore, the equation has no real roots.

Þ (x – 4) (x – 4) = 0
2. no
Þ x = 4, 4
Explanation :

Hence, the required roots are either – 4, – 4 or 4, 4
5. Given,
Here, b2 – 4ac = (2)2 – 4 × 2 × 4
(x – a)(x – b) + (x – b)(x – c) + (x – c)(x – a) = 0
= 4 – 32, which is less than 0. Þ x2 – ax – bx + ab + x2 – bx – cx + bc + x2 – cx – ax
2 + ac = 0
3. D = ( 2 2 k ) – 4 (1)(18) = 0 ½ Þ 3x2 – 2ax – 2bx – 2cx + ab + bc + ca = 0 1
Þ k = ± 3 ½ Þ 3x2 – 2(a + b + c) x + (ab + bc + ca) = 0 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020] For equal roots, B2 – 4AC = 0
Þ {– 2(a + b + c)}2 = 4 × 3(ab + bc + ca)
4. x2 + px + 16 = 0 have equal roots if D = p2 – 4(16) Þ 4(a + b + c)2 – 12(ab + bc + ca) = 0
(1) = 0 1 Þ (a + b + c)2 – 3(ab + bc + ca) = 0
p2 = 64 Þ p = ± 8 ½ Þ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac – 3ab – 3bc – 3ac =0
\ x2 ± 8x + 16 = 0 Þ (x ± 4)2 = 0 1 Þ a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – ac – bc = 0 1
x ± 4 = 0 1 2 2 2
\ Roots are x = – 4 and x = 4 ½ Þ  2 a + 2b + 2 c − 2 ab − 2 ac − 2bc  = 0
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Þ 1 ( a 2 + b 2 − 2 ab ) + ( b 2 + c 2 − 2bc ) + ( c 2 + a 2 − 2 ac ) = 0
Detailed Solution : 2 
Given quadratic equation, 1
Þ ( a − b )2 + ( b − c )2 + ( c − a )2  = 0 1
x2 + px + 16 = 0 ...(i) 2 
If this equation has equal roots, then discriminant Þ (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 = 0 if a ¹ b ¹ c
value is zero (a – b)2 = 0, (b – c)2 = 0 and (c – a)2 = 0
i.e., D = b2 – 4ac = 0 ...(ii) if (a – b)2 = 0 Þ a = b
Now, comparing the given quadratic equation with (a – c)2 = 0 Þ b = c
(c – a)2 = 0 Þ c = a 1
ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
\ a = b = c Hence Proved.
a = 1, b = p and c =16 6. Here, A = (c2 – ab), B = (a2 – bc), C = (b2 – ac)
\ From eq (ii), For real equal roots D Þ B2 – 4AC =0 ½
p2 – 4 × 1 × 16 = 0 Þ [2(a2 – bc)]2 – 4(c2 – ab)(b2 – ac) = 0 1
Þ þ2 = 64 Þ 4(a4 + b2c2 – 2a2bc) – 4(b2c2 – c3a – ab3 – a2bc) = 0 ½
Þ 4[a4 + b2c2 – 2a2bc – b2c2 + c3a + ab3 – a2bc) = 0 ½
Þ p = ±8
Þ 4[a4 + ac3 + ab3 – 3a2bc] = 0
when þ = 8,
Þ a(a3 + c3 + b3 – 3abc) = 0 ½
from eq (i), x2 + 8x +16 = 0 Þ a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-56
Solutions 2. We have r2 – r1 = 7 cm, r2 > r1 ...(i) ½
1.
Since, in this case discriminant is always positive, and p(r22 – r12) = 1078 cm2 ...(ii)
so it has always real roots, that is, ac < 0 and so, b2 Þ p(r2 – r1)(r2 +r1) = 1078 ½
– 4ac > 0.

S OLUT I ONS P-47

 1078 3 19
Þ r2 + r1 = ⇒ 49 ...(iii) 1 Þ x− = ±
22 5 5

On adding (i) and (iii) we get 3 + 19 3 − 19
Þ x= or 1
Þ 2r2 = 56 5 5
Þ r2 = 28 cm Verification :
2
and r1 = 49 – 28 Þ 21 1  3 + 19   3 + 19 
Hence, radii of two circles = 28 cm and 21 cm 1 5  − 6 −2
5   5 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 
2
3. Discriminant Þ b – 4ac. 9 + 6 19 + 19  18 + 6 19 
= −  − 2 1
Here, a = 5, b = (– 6) and c = (– 2) 5  5

Then, b2 – 4ac = (– 6)2 – 4 × 5 × – 2
28 + 6 19 18 + 6 19
= 36 + 40 = 76 > 0 1 = − −2
So the equation has real and two distinct roots. 5 5

Again, 5x2 – 6x = 2 28 + 6 19 − 18 − 6 19 − 10
= =0
(dividing both the sides by 5) 1 5
6 2
2
x − x = Similarly,
5 5 2
 3 − 19   3 − 19 
On adding square of the half of coefficient of x 5  − 6 −2 =0
5   5 
6
x2 − x +
9 2 9 
Þ = +
5 25 5 25 Hence, Verified. 1
qqq

P-48 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
5 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

TOPIC-1
To Find nth Term of the Arithmetic Progression
WORKSHEET-57
Solutions 5. Let the first term of A.P. be a and common difference
be d.
1. Correct option : (c)
Given, a9 = 7a2
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 10 and d = 7 – 10
= –3 or, a + 8d = 7(a + d) ...(i) ½
Thus, the 30th term is t30 = 10 + (30 − 1) ( −3) = −77 and a12 = 5a3 + 2
Again, a + 11d = 5(a + 2d) + 2 ...(ii) 1
2.
25 From (i), a + 8d = 7a + 7d
Explanation : – 6a + d = 0 ...(iii)
In the given A.P., = d = 5 From (ii), a + 11d = 5a + 10d + 2
Thus, a18 – a13 = a + 17d – (a + 12d)
– 4a + d = 2 ...(iv)
= a + 17d – a – 12d
Subtracting (iv) from (iii), we get
= 5d = 5 × 5 = 25.
– 2a = – 2
3. Given, a = – 1 and d = 4 – (– 1) = 5 or, a = 1 1
an = – 1 + (n – 1) × 5 = 129 ½ From (iii),
or, (n – 1)5 = 130 – 6 + d = 0
(n – 1) = 26 d = 6 ½
n = 27 Hence, first term = 1 and common difference = 6
Hence, 27th term = 129. ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
6. Let the three numbers in A.P. be a – d, a and a + d.
4. Here, a = 3 and d = 7 – 3 = 11 – 7 = 4 ½ Then, their sum i.e., 3a = 12
Since, an = a + (n – 1)d, or, a = 4.
Let an = 184  ½ Also, (4 – d) + 4 + (4 + d)3 = 288
3 3
1
Then, 184 = 3 + (n – 1) 4 ½
or, 64 – 48d + 12d2 – d3 + 64 + 64 + 48d + 12d2 + d3
181
or, =n–1 = 288
4
or, 24d2 + 192 = 288 1
or, 45.25 = n – 1
or, 46.25 = n, it is not an whole numbers or, d2 = 4
Hence, 184 is not a term of given A.P. ½ \ d = ± 2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Hence, the numbers are 2, 4 and 6, or 6, 4 and 2. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

WORKSHEET-58
Solutions 2. 8
Explanation :
In the given A.P., a18 – a14 = 32
Sol. Correct option : (b)
a + 17d – a – 13d = 32
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = –3 and
1 5 4d = 32
d=− +3= d =8
2 2
 5
Thus, the 11th term is t11 = −3 + (11 − 1)   = 22
 2

S OLUT I ONS P-49

 3. Given sequence is an A.P. or, 4a = 56
2 , 8 , 18 , ... a = 14 1

Hence, four parts are 14 – 3d, 14 – d, 14 + d and
= 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 ...
14 + 3d.
Hence, a = 2,d= 2 and n = 10 Now, according to question,

 an = a + (n – 1) d (14 - 3d )(14 + 3d ) 5
=
or, a10 = 2 + (10 - 1) 2 (14 - d )(14 + d ) 6

= 2 +9 2 196 - 9d 2 5
or, =
= 10 2 196 - d 2 6
or, 6(196 – 9d2) = 5(196 – d2)
Hence, a10 = 200 . 1
or, 6 × 196 – 54d2 = 5 × 196 – 5d2
st
4. Let the 1 term be a and common difference be d. or, 6 × 196 – 5 × 196 = 54d2 – 5d2
According to the question, a32 = 2a12
or, (6 – 5) × 196 = 49d2
\ a + 31d = 2(a + 11d)
a + 31d = 2a + 22d 196
or, d2 = =4
a = 9d 1 49
Again, a70 = a + 69d
or, d = ± 2 1
= 9d + 69d = 78d
 a31 = a + 30d \ The four parts are

= 9d + 30d = 39d {14 – 3(± 2)}, {14 –(± 2)}
Hence, a70 = 2a31 Hence Proved. 1 Hence, first possible division will be 8, 12, 16 and
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 20.  1
5. Let the four parts be and second possible division will be 20, 16, 12 and
a – 3d, a – d, a + d and a + 3d. 8. 1
\ a –3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 56
qqq

WORKSHEET-59
Solutions 5. Let the first term be a' and the common difference
be d.
1. Correct option : (d)
a = a’ + (p – 1)d, b = a’ + (q – 1)d and c = a’ +
Explanation : In the given A.P., d = –4, n = 7, an = 4
(r – 1)d 1½
a = a + (n − 1) d ⇒ 4 = a + (7 − 1) ( −4) ⇒ a = 28 a(q – r) = [a’ + (p – 1)d][q – r]
n
2. 7 b(r – p) = [a’ + (q – 1)d][r – p]
Explanation : Let a1 and a2 be the first terms of the and c(p – q) = [a’ + (r – 1)d][p – q] ½
two A.P.s with the same common difference. \ a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q) = a’ [q – r + r – p + p –
Since, a1 = – 1 and a2 = – 8 q] + d [(p – 1) (q – r) + (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]
t4 – t’4 = (–1 + 3d) – (– 8 + 3d) = 7 ½
= a’ × 0 + d[pq – pr + qr – pq + pr – qr + (– q + r – r
3. Since, a + 6(– 4) = 4
+ p – p + q)] = 0 Hence Proved. ½
Þ a = 28 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
6. Since, a, 7, b, 23 and c are in A.P.
4. Given, a8 = 0 or, a + 7d = 0 or, a = – 7d ½ Let the common difference be d
or, a38 = a + 37d \ a + d = 7 .....(i) ½
or, a38 = – 7d + 37d = 30d ½ and a + 3d = 23 .....(ii) ½
And, a18 = a + 17d From (i) and (ii), we get
= – 7d + 17d = 10d ½ a = – 1 and d = 8 1
or, a38 = 30d = 3 × 10d = 3 × a18 Again, b = a + 2d
\ a38 = 3a18. Hence Proved. ½ b = – 1 + 2 × 8
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

P-50 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 or, b = – 1 + 16 = – 1 + 32
or, b = 15 ½ c = 31 ½
\ c = a + 4d \ a = – 1, b = 15 and c = 31 1
= – 1 + 4 × 8 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq

WORKSHEET-60
Solutions and a + 6d + a + 10d = 64
a + 8d = 32 ...(ii)1
1. Correct option : (b)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 3.5, d = 0,
Hence, common difference, d = 3 ½
n = 101
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
an = a + (n − 1) d ⇒ an = 3.5 + (101 − 1) 0 ⇒ an = 3.5

2. 0 5. a10 = 52
Explanation : According to question, or, a + 9d = 52 ...(i) 1
7t7 = 11t11 Also a17 – a13 = 20
7 (a + 6d) = 11 (a + 10d) a + 16d – (a + 12d) = 20 ½
4a + 68d = 0 4d = 20
4 (a + 17d) = 0 d = 5
a + 17d = 0 Substituting, the value d in (i), we get
t18 = 0. a = 7 1
Hence, A.P. = 7, 12, 17, 22 ..... ½
3. Common difference, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
d = 6- 3
6. The three digit numbers are divided by 7 and leave

= 3 ( 2 -1 ) 3 as remainder are
101, 108, 115, ....... 997 1
Again, 9- 6 Since these are in A.P. a = 101, d = 7, an = 997
d =
an = a + (n – 1)d
= 3 - 6 997 = 101 + (n – 1)7
= 12 - 9 = 2 3 - 3 997 – 101 = 896 = (n – 1)7 ½
896
As common difference are not equal. = n – 1 ½
7
Hence, the given series is not in A.P.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1 \ n = 128 + 1 = 129
Hence, 129 three digit numbers are divided by 7
4. Let the first term be a and common difference be d. which leaves remainder is 3. 1
Then, a +4d = 20 ...(i) ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

qqq

WORKSHEET-61
Solutions 2. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : In the given A.P.,
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : In the given numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,… a = –5, d = − 5 − ( −5) = 5 , n = 11
2 2
(−6) − (−10) = 4  5
(−2) − (−6) = 4 tn = a + (n − 1) d ⇒ t11 = −5 + (11 − 1)   ⇒ t11 = 20

 2
2 − ( −2) = 4 3. Correct option : (c)

Since, ( −6) − ( −10) = ( −2) − ( −6) = 2 − ( −2) = 4 , Explanation : In the given AP, a = –2, d = –2,
thus, the given numbers are in AP with d = 4.

S OLUT I ONS P-51

 tn = a + (n − 1) d - 176
or, n – 1 = = 22 ½
t1 = ( −2) + (1 − 1) ( −2) = −2 -8

t2 = ( −2) + ( 2 − 1) ( −2) = −4 or, n = 22 + 1 = 23 ½
t3 = ( −2) + (3 − 1) ( −2) = −6 23 + 1 th
The middle term will be = = 12 ½
4 ( ) (

t = −2 + 4 − 1) ( −2) = −8

2
4. 40 \ a12 = a + (n – 1)d
Explanation : In the given A.P., the last term l = 49 = 213 + (12 – 1)(– 8)
and common difference d = – 8 + 11 = 3. = 213 – 88
4th term from last is t4 = 49 – (4 – 1) × 3 = 40. = 125
5. Here, a = 7 and a + d = 28 Thus, the middle term will be 125. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
\ d = 28 - 7 = 2 7 − 7
7. Integers divisible by 8 are 208, 216, 224, ......, 496. 1
= 7 Which is an A.P.
Given a = 208, d = 8 and l = 496
or,
Next term = 63 + 7
Let the numbers of terms in A.P. be n.
= 3 7+ 7 = 4 7
or,  an = a + (n – 1)d = l
\ 208 + (n – 1)d = 496
or,
= 7 × 16 1
(n – 1)8 = 496 – 208 ½
= 112 288
n – 1 = = 36
8
6. Here, a = 213, d = 205 – 213 = – 8 and l = 37
Let the number of terms be n. n = 36 + 1 = 37 ½
 l = a + (n – 1)d Hence, required integers divisible by 8 = 37.
\ 37 = 213 + (n – 1)(– 8)
or, 37 – 213 = – 8(n – 1)

qqq

WORKSHEET-62
Solutions (n – 1)6 = 312
1. Correct option : (b) n – 1 = 52
Explanation : In the given A.P., t1 = –3 and t2 = 4 n = 53 1
⇒ d = t2 − t1 = 4 − ( −3) = 7
4. Let the first term be a and the common difference
tn = a + (n − 1) d be d.
⇒ t21 = ( −3) + ( 21 − 1)(7 ) = 137 ap + ap + 2q = a + (p – 1) d + a + (p + 2q – 1)d
= a + pd – d + a + pd + 2qd – d
2. Correct option : (b) = 2a + 2pd + 2qd – 2d 1
Explanation : In the given A.P., t2 = 13 and t5 = 25 = 2[a + (p + q – 1) d] ...(i) ½
a + d = 13 2ap + q = 2[a + (p + q – 1) d] ...(ii) ½
a + 4d = 25 From (i) and (ii), we get
Solving these equations, we get a = 9 and d = 4 ap + ap + 2q = 2ap + q. Hence Proved.
Thus, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
tn = a + (n − 1) d
5. Here, a5 = a + 4d = 26 ...(i) ½
⇒ t7 = 9 + (7 − 1) 4 = 33
Þ and a10 = a + 9d = 51 ...(ii) ½
3. Given a = 8 and d = 6. Solving Eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
or, 5d = 25
Let nth term be 72 more than its 41th term. d = 5 ½
\ tn – t41 = 72 and a = 6
8 + (n – 1)6 – (8 + 40 × 6) = 72 Hence, the A.P. is 6, 11, 17 ........ ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
8 + (n – 1)6 = 320

P-52 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 6. Let nth term of A.P., Their common difference
an = n2 + 1 = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = a4 – a3
Putting the values of n = 1, 2, 3, ......, we get or, 5 – 2 ¹ 10 – 5 ¹ 17 – 10
a1 = 12 + 1 = 2 \ 3 ¹ 5 ¹ 7 1
a2 = 22 + 1 = 5 Since the common difference are not equal.
a3 = 32 + 1 = 10 1 Hence, n2 + 1 is not a form of nth term of an A.P. 1
The obtained sequence [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= 2, 5, 10, 17, .........

qqq

WORKSHEET-63
Solutions
Therefore, there are 30, two digit numbers divisible
by 3.
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 21, d = 42 – 21 = 4. 7a7 = 11a11
21, and tn = 210 Þ 7(a + 6d) = 11(a + 10d) 1
Thus, Þ a + 17d = 0
tn = a + (n − 1) d \ a18 = 0 1
⇒ 210 = 21 + (n − 1) 21 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
⇒ n = 10
5. 110, 120, 130, ........, 990
2. Here, an = 990 Þ 110 + (n – 1) × 10 = 990 1
1 1 - 6q \ n = 89 1
a = and a + d =
3q 3q [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]

1 - 6q 1 Explanation : The number which ends with O is
\ d = - divisible by 2 and 5 both.
3q 3q
\ Number between 102 and 998 are 110, 120, 130, ..........,
1 - 6q - 1 - 6q
= = = – 2 1 990.
3q 3q
Last term, an = 990
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013] 1 a + (n + 1)d = 990
110 + (n – 1) × 10 = 990
3. Numbers are 12, 15, 18, ..., 99 110 + 10n – 10 = 990
½
10n + 100 = 990
\ 99 = 12 + (n – 1) × 3
Þ n = 30 10n = 990 – 100
½ 10n = 890
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 890
n = = 89
Detailed Solution : 10
Numbers divisible by 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, -------, 9, 99 6. Let A.P. be 105, 112, 119, ............., 994, which is
Lowest two digit number divisible by 3. is 12. and divisible by 7.
highest two digit number divisible by 3 is 99. Here, a = 105, d = 112 – 105 = 7 and an = 994,
Hence, the sequence start with 12 ends with 99 and Since, an = a + (n – 1)d ½
common difference is 3.
or, 994 = 105 + (n – 1) × 7
So, the A.P. will be 12, 15, 18, ----, 96, 99
or, 889 = (n – 1) × 7 ½
Here,  a = 12,  d = 3,  l = 99
889
\ l = a + (n – 1)d or, n – 1 = = 127 ½
\ 99 = 12 + (n – 1)3 7
Þ 99 – 12 = 3(n – 1) or, n = 127 + 1 = 128 ½
87 Hence, there will be 128 three digits numbers
Þ n – 1 = divisible by 7 in A.P.
3

Þ n – 1 = 29 7. Two digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are

Þ n = 30 14, 21, 28, ......, 98. ½
It forms an A.P.

S OLUT I ONS P-53

 Here, a = 14, d = 7 and an = 98 ½ 84 + 7 = 7n
Since, an = a + (n – 1)d or, 7n = 91
98 = 14 + (n – 1)7 ½ or, n = 13 ½
98 – 14 = 7n – 7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

qqq

WORKSHEET-64
Solutions 3
S3 = (3 + 7) = 15 ½
2
1. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : The famous mathematician associated [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
with finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers etailed Solution :
D
is Gauss.
 an = (2n + 1)
2. 979
\ a1 = 2 × 1 + 1 = 3
Explanation : Here, a = 8, d = 3 – 8 = – 5, n = 22
l = a3 = 2 × 3 + 1 = 7
We know that, n
n Since, Sn = [a + l]
S = [2a + (n – 1) d] 2
2 3
Hence, S3 = [3 + 7]
22 2
Therefore, S = [16 + 21 (– 5)] = 11 (16 – 105)
2
S3 = 15
= 11 (– 89)
= – 979. 4. Here, S = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + ... + 24
= 3(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 8) 1
So, the sum of the first 22 terms of the AP is – 979.
8×9
=3×
3. Since, a1 = 3, a2 = 5 and a3 = 7 ½ 2
= 108 1

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

[Topper's Answer, 2018]

5.
Since, S1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n. n( n + 1) n( 3n - 1)
Now, +S1 + S3 = ½
S2 = 1 + 3 + 5 + ...upto n terms 2 2
and S3 = 1 + 4 + 7 + ...upto n terms n[n + 1 + 3n - 1]
=
2
n( n + 1)
or, S1 = ½ n[ 4 n]
2 =
2
n
Also, S2 = [2 × 1 + (n – 1)2] 2
= 2n = 2S2 Hence Proved. 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
n
= [2n] = n2 ½
2 1
n 6. Here, a = 8, d = 4 months = years and
and S3 = [2 × 1 + (n – 1)3] 3
2
Sn = 168 ½
n( 3n - 1)
= ½ n
2 Since Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
2

P-54 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 n 1 or, n = 16 or n = – 63
Hence, 168 = 2( 8 ) + ( n - 1)  ½
2  3 n = 16
(n cannot be negative So – 63 rejected) 1
n2 + 47n – 1008 = 0 1 Thus, the age of the eldest participant = a + 15d
2
or, n + 63n – 16n – 1008 = 0 = 13 years [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
or, (n – 16)(n + 63) = 0

qqq

WORKSHEET-65
Solutions or, 24a + 62d = 334
or 12a + 31d = 167 ....(i) ½
1. Correct option : (a) Given, S10 = 235
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = –5 and d = 2 or, 5(2a + 9d) = 235
Thus, or 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii) ½
n
Sn =  2a + (n − 1) d  Solving (i) and (ii), wet get
2 a = 1 and d = 5 ½
6 Hence A.P. = 1, 6, 11, .... ½
⇒ S6 =  2 × ( −5) + (6 − 1) × 2 
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
=0
2. 200 5.
Let first term be a and common difference be d.
Explanation : Here, a14 = 2a8
Here, S14 = 1050, n = 14, a = 10 or, a + 13d = 2(a + 7d)
n a + 13d = 2a + 14d
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] a = – d ...(i) ½
2
Again, a6 = – 8
14 or, a + 5d = – 8 ...(ii) ½
So, 1050 = [20 + 13d] = 140 + 91d
2 Solving (i) and (ii), we get
i.e., 910 = 91d a = 2, d = – 2 ½
or, d = 10 20
S20 = [ 2 × 2 + ( 20 - 1)( -2 )] ½
Therefore, a20 = 10 + (20 – 1) × 10 2
= 200, i.e., 20th term is 200. = 10[4 + 19 × (– 2)]
3. Here, a = 6, d = 6 and n = 5 = 10(4 – 38)
n = 10 × (– 34) = – 340 1
 Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2
5 6. Let total time to catch the thief be n minutes.
\ S5 = [ 2 × 6 + ( 5 - 1) (6)]
2 Then, total distance covered by thief = (100n)
5 metres ½
= [12 + 4 × 6]
2 Total distances to be covered by policeman = 100
5 5 + 110 + 120 + ... + (n – 1) terms ½
= [12 + 24] = [36]
2 2 n -1
\ 100n =
[200 + (n – 2)10] 1
2
= 5 × 18 = 90 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] n2 – 3n – 18 = 0 ½
(n – 6)(n + 3) = 0 ½
n
4. Sn =
2
[ 2 a + (n − 1)d ] or, n = 6 ½
Policeman takes 6 minutes to catch the thief. ½
Given, S5 + S7 = 167
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
5 7
Hence, ( 2 a + 4 d ) + ( 2 a + 6d ) = 167
2 2

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-55

 WORKSHEET-66
Solutions
1
4. Sn = [3n2 + 7n]
1. Correct option : (a) 2
1
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 10, d = 6 – 10 =–4 S1 = [3 × (1)2 + 7(1)]
2
Thus,
1
n = [3 + 7]
Sn =  2a + (n − 1) d  2
2
16 1
⇒ S16 =  2 × 10 + (16 − 1) × ( −4) = × 10 = 5 ½
2 2
= −320 1
S2 = [3 (2)2 + 7 × 2]
2. 90 2
Explanation : Positive integers divisible by 6 are 6, 1
12, 18, 24, 30. = [12 + 14]
2
Since difference is same, its an AP
We need to find sum of first 5 integers 1
= × 26
We can use formula 2
n = 13 ½
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2 a1 = S1 = 5 ½
Here, n = 5, d = 6, a = 6 a2 = S2 – S1 = 13 – 5 = 8
5 d = a2 – a1 = 8 – 5 = 3 ½
S5 = [2 × 6 + (5 – 1) × 6]
2 Now, A.P. is 5, 8, 11, ...... .
5 nth term, an = a + (n – 1)d
S5 = (12 + 24) = 5 + (n – 1)3 = 3n + 2
2
Hence, a20 = 3 × 20 + 2
5
S5 = × 36 = 90. a20 = 62 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
3. a1 = S1 = 3 – 4 = –1
½ 5. First two digit multiple of 4 is 12 and last is 96
a2 = S2 – S1 So, a = 12, d = 4 and l = 96
= [3(2)2 – 4(2)] – (–1) = 5 ½ Let nth term be last term = 96 1
\ d = a2 – a1 = 6 ½ \ an = a + (n – 1)d = l
Hence an = –1 + (n – 1) × 6 = 6n – 7 ½ 12 + (n – 1)4 = 96
Alternate method : n – 1 = 21
Sn = 3n2 – 4n n = 21 + 1 = 22 1
\ Sn – 1 = 3(n – 1)2 – 4(n – 1) 22
= 3n2 – 10n + 7 1 Now, S22 = [12 + 96 ]
2
Hence an = Sn – Sn – 1 ½
= (3n2 – 4n) – (3n2 – 10n + 7) = 11 × 108
= 6n – 7 ½ = 1188 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
qqq

TOPIC-2
Sum of n Terms of an Arithmetic Progression

WORKSHEET-67
Solutions Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 1, a n = 20
and S n = 399
1. Correct option : (c)

P-56 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 an = a + (n − 1) d Then, an = 5 + (n – 1) 4 = 81
⇒ 20 = 1 + (n − 1) d or, (n – 1)4 = 76 ½
⇒ (n − 1) d = 19 n = 20
n 20
Sn =  2a + (n − 1) d  Sn = (5 + 81) = 860
2 2
n For series (– 41) + (– 39) + (– 37) + .... + (– 5) + (– 3)
⇒ 399 = [ 2 + 19] an = – 3 ½
2
a = – 41
⇒ n = 38
d = 2
11 1
2. Given a = – 6 and d = − − ( − 6) = Then, an = –41 + (n – 1)(2)
2 2 \ n = 20
20
n Sn = −41 + ( − 3) = − 440 ½
Since, Sn = [ 2 a + (n − 1)d ] 2
2
Hence, the Sum of the series = 860 – 440
Let sum of n terms be zero. = 420 1
n 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
\ Sn =
2 × − 6 + ( n − 1)  = 0 ½
2  2 4. Let sum of n term be Sn
n n 1  1  2  3
−12 + −  = 0 \ Sn =  4 −  +  4 −  +  4 −  + ...... up to n terms
or,  n  n  n
2  2 2
1
n  n 25  or, (4 + 4 + 4 + ..... up to n terms)
or, − =0
2  2 2  1 2 3
–  + + + ........ up to n term
n n n 
or, n2 – 25n = 0 1+½
or, (4 + 4 + 4 + ..... up to n terms)
n(n – 25) = 0 1
n = 25 as n ≠ 0 – (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... up to n terms)
n
Hence, terms are needed = 25. 1 n( n + 1)
or, 4 n − × ½+1
3. The series can be written as n 2
(5 + 9 + 13 + .... + 81) + [(– 41) + (– 39) + (– 37) + n+1 7n − 1
or, 4n − =
(– 35) ... (– 5) + (– 3)] 2 2
For the series (5 + 9 + 13 + ..... + 81) ½ 7n − 1
Hence, sum of n terms = ½
a = 5 2
d = 4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
and an = 81

qqq

WORKSHEET-68
Solutions 20
S20 = [2 × 67 + (20 – 1) (– 13)]
2
1. Correct option : (a)
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 3 , d = 3 and n = 5 S20 = 10 [134 – 247]
Thus, S20 = – 1130
n So, the sum of first 20 terms is – 1130.
Sn =  2a + (n − 1) d 
2 3. Given, S10 = 210
5
⇒ S5 =  2 × 3 + (5 − 1) × 3 = 45 n
2 Since, Sn =
2
[ 2 a + (n − 1)d ]

2. – 1130 10
Explanation : or, (2 a + 9d ) = 210 ½
2
Here, a = 67 and d = – 13
or, 2a + 9d = 42 ...(i)
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] Since, a36 = a + 35d
2

S OLUT I ONS P-57

 and a50 = a + 49d Detailed Solution :
15 Given

Hence, Sum of last 15 terms = (a + 35d + a + 49d ) First term, a = 3
2
Last term, an = 83
15 Sum of n terms, Sn = 903
or, (2 a + 84 d ) = 2565 ½
2 n
Since, Sn = ( a + an )
or, a + 42d = 171 ...(ii) ½ 2
On solving (i) and (ii), we get n
Þ 903 = (3 + 83)
a = 3 and d = 4 ½ 2
Hence, given A.P. = 3, 7, 11 ....... Þ
1806 = 86n
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 1806
Þ n =
4. The series as per question is 102, 108, 114, ..........., 86
198 which is an A.P. Þ n = 21
Given, a = 102, d = 6 and l = 198 Now,
n
Then 198 = 102 + (n – 1)6 ½ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
96
2
or, =n–1 21
6 Þ
903 = [2 × 3 + (21 – 1)d]
or, n = 17 ½ 2
n Þ 1806 = 21(6 + 20d)
Sn = (a + l ) ½ Þ 6 + 20d = 86
2 Þ 20d = 80
17 Þ d = 4
\ S17 = [102 +198]
2 Hence, the common difference is 4.
17 6. Let 1st prize be ` x

or, S17 = ×300 = 17 ×150 = 2550 . ½
2 \ The series in A.P. is
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] x, x – 20, x – 40, x – 60, ......... ½
Then a = x, d = – 20, Sn =280 and n = 4 ½
5. Here a = 3, an = 83 and Sn = 903
n
Therefore 83 = 3 + (n – 1)d Since, Sn = [2a +(n – 1)d]
2
Þ (n – 1)d = 80 ...(i) 1
n n 4
Also 903 = [2a + (n – 1)d] = (6 + 80) = 43n Hence, S4 = [2x+ 3(– 20)] 1
2 2 2
(using (i)) 1+½ 280 = 2[2x – 60]
Þ n = 21 140 = 2x – 60
and d = 4 1+½ Thus, 2x = 200 or, x = 100 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] The prizes are ` 100, ` 80, ` 60, ` 40. 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-69
Solutions 2. Here a = ` 450, d = ` 20, n = 12
1. 6 – 2n. n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
Explanation : Given, Sum of firsts ‘n’ terms of AP is 2
Sn = 5n – n2 12
Replacing ‘n’ by (n – 1) S12 = [2 × 450 + 11 × 20]
2
So, Sn – 1 = 5 (n – 1) – (n – 1)2
= 6[1120] = 6720 > 6500 2
= 5n – 5 – (n2 – 2n + 1)
\ Reshma will be able to send her daughter to

= 5n – 5 – n2 + 2n – 1 = 7n – n2 – 6 school [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Now, an = Sn – Sn – 1 = nth term
3. – 12, – 9, – 6, ................, 21 is the given A.P., then
= 5n – n2 – 7n + n2 +6
a = – 12, d = – 9 – (– 12) = 3
an = 6 – 2n. an = a + (n – 1)d and an = 21

P-58 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 or, 21 = – 12 + (n – 1) × 3 S10 = 5(46 – 18)
or, 21 + 12 = (n – 1) × 3
= 140. 1
or, 33 = (n – 1) × 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
or, n – 1 = 11
5. Let first term of given A.P. be a and common
or, n = 11 + 1
difference be d also sum of first m and first n terms
or, n = 12 1
be Sm and Sn respectively.
Now, if 1 is added to each term we have a new A.P.
Sm m2
with \ = 2 1
– 12 + 1, – 9 + 1, – 6 + 1, ............., 21 + 1 Sn n

i.e., – 11, – 8, – 5 , ........... 22 m
Now we have a = – 11, d = 3 and l = 22 1
[ 2 a + (m − 1)d ] m2
or, 2 = 2
and n = 12 n [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ] n
\ Sum of this obtained A.P. 2
12 2 a + ( m − 1)d 2
or, S12 = [ − 11 + 22 ] or, = m ×n =m 1
2 2 a + ( n − 1)d 2
m n
n
= 6 × 11 = 66 or, m(2a + (n – 1)d) = n[2a + (m – 1)d] 1
Hence the sum of new A.P. = 66. 1 d = 2a
4. The number of rose plants in the 1 , 2 , 3 st nd rd
rows am a + ( m − 1)d
Now =
....... are 23, 21, 19, .........., 5. an a + ( n − 1)d

a = 23, d = – 2 and an = 5 a + ( m − 1) × 2 a
\ an = a + (n – 1)d 1 =
a + ( n − 1) × 2 a

or, 5 = 23 + (n – 1)(– 2)
a + 2ma − 2 a 2ma − a a( 2m − 1)
or, n = 10 2 or, = = 1
a + 2na − 2 a 2na − a a( 2n − 1)
Total number of rose plants in the flower bed,
= 2m – 1 : 2n – 1 Proved.
n
Sn = [2 a +( n - 1)d ]
2

qqq

WORKSHEET-70
Solutions mn  1 
Smn = +1
2  mn 
1. Let first term of given A.P. be a and common
difference be d. 1
= [mn + 1]
1 2
\ am = a + (m – 1)d = ...(i) ½
n 1
Hence, the sum of first mn terms = [mn + 1] . 1
1 2
and an = a + (n – 1)d = ...(ii) ½
m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
On subtracting (ii) from (i) we get
2. Given, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ..... + 49
1 1 m−n
(m – n)d = − = 1 Let, total odd numbers of terms be n. 1
n m mn
an = 1 + (n – 1) × 2 = 49
1
or, d = (n – 1) × 2 = 49 – 1 = 48
mn
n – 1 = 24
1 n = 24 + 1 = 25 1
and a =
mn 25
S25 = (1 + 49 )
2
mn  1 1 
Now Smn =  2· + ( mn − 1)  = 25 × 25 = 625
2  mn mn 
Hence, sum of odd numbers between 0 and 50
mn  2 mn 1  = 625 1
=  + − 
2 mn mn mn  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

S OLUT I ONS P-59

 3. Given, a = 1 and d = 3. or, 3n2 – 42n + 41n – 574 = 0
Let number of terms in the series be n. or, 3n(n – 14) + 41(n – 14) = 0
n or, (n – 14)(3n + 41) = 0 1½
\ Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ] 1 n = 14
2
41
n or, n = – , it is not possible
\

2
[ 2 × 1 + (n − 1)3] = 287 3

Thus, the 14th term is x,
n
or,

2
[ 2 + (3n − 3)] = 287 \ a + (n – 1)d = x
or, 1 + 13 × 3 = x
or, 3n2 – n = 574 Hence, x = 40 1½
2
or, 3n – n – 574 = 0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
qqq

WORKSHEET-71
Solutions 3. Let first term and common difference of given A.P.
be a and d respectively.
1
1. S4 = 40 Þ 2(2a + 3d) = 40 Þ 2a + 3d = 20 ½ \ ap = a + (p – 1)d = ...(i) 1
q
S14 = 280 Þ 7(2a + 13d) = 280 Þ 2a + 13d = 40 ½
Solving to get d = 2 ½ 1
and aq = a + (q – 1)d = ...(ii) 1
and a = 7 ½ p

n Solving (i) and (ii) we get
\ Sn = [14 (n – 1) × 2] 1
2 1 1
a= and d = 1
= n(n + 6) or (n2 + 6n) 1 pq
pq

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
pq  1 1
\ Spq =  2 × + ( pq − 1) 
m 2  pq pq 
2. Sm = Sn Þ [2a + (m – 1)d]
2 pq + 1
= 1
n 2
= [2a + (n – 1d] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
2
Þ 2a (m – n) + d (m2 – m – n2+n) = 0 1
4. Let the four consecutive terms of A.P. be
Þ (m – n) [2a + (m + n – 1) d] = 0 1
(a – 3d), (a – d), (a + d) and (a + 3d). ½
or Sm+n = 0
By given conditions
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] a – 3d + a – d + d + a + 3d = 32
Detailed Solution : Þ 4a = 32 Þ a = 8 ½
Sum of first m terms = Sum of first n terms ( a - 3d )( a + 3d ) 7
Þ Sm = Sn And = 1
( a - d )( a + d ) 15
m n
[2a + (m – 1)d] = [2a + (n – 1)d] a 2 - 9d 2 7
2 2 2 2
=
a - d 15
m [2a + (m – 1) d] = n [2a + (n – 1) d]
m [2a + (m – 1) d] – n [2a + (n – 1) d] = 0 d2 = 4
2a (m – n) + [m (m – 1) – n (n – 1)] d = 0 d = ±2 1
2a (m – n) + [m2 – m – n2 + n] d = 0 Hence, the numbers are 2, 6, 10 and 14 or 14, 10, 6
and 2. 1
2a (m – n) + [(m – n) (m + n) – (m – n)] d = 0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
(m – n) [2a + (m + n – 1) d] = 0
Here, (m – n) is not equal to zero. qqq
So, [2a + (m + n – 1)d] =0
Hence, Sm + n = 0.

P-60 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
6 LINES (IN TWO-DIMENSIONS)

TOPIC-1
Distance between two points and Section formula
WORKSHEET-72
Solutions Therefore, by SSS similarity rule, both the triangles
are similar.
1. (c) 4 [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
4. Let the point P be (2y, y) 1
Explanation : The distance of the point (– 3, – 4) Given, PQ = PR
from x-axis = | – 4| = units.
2. 7:4 or, ( 2 y − 2 )2 + ( y + 5 )2 = ( 2 y + 3 )2 + ( y − 6 )2

Explanation : Let the line segment joining the ½
given points is divided by the x-axis in the ratio k : 1 Solving to get y = 8
at point P. Hence, coordinates of point P are (16, 8). ½
k + 6 −7 k + 4 
\ The coordinates of P are  , [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
 k + 1 k + 1  Detailed Solution :
Since, y coordinates of every point on the x-axis is Let the point P be (2y, y)
−7 k + 4 Given, PQ = PR 1
zero. = 0 Þ – 7k + 4 = 0
k +1 or, ( 2 y − 2 )2 + ( y + 5)2 = ( 2 y + 3)2 + ( y − 6 )2 ½
4
Þ k = 4y2 – 8y + 4 + y2 + 25 + 10y
7 = 4y2 + 12y + 9 + y2 + 36 – 12y
So, required ratio is 7 : 4. or, 2y = 16 or y = 8
3. True, By using Distance Formula, Hence, coordinates of point P are (16, 8). ½
\ Distance between A (–2, 0) and B (2, 0), 3 :4
A C B

2
AB = [ 2 − ( −2)] + ( 0 − 0) = 4
2
5.
(2, 5) (–1, 2) ( x, y )
[∵ distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
AC 3
d = ( x 2 − x1 )2 + ( y 2 − y1 )2 ] Given that, =
CB 4
Similarly, distance between B (2, 0) and C (0, 2),
Applying section formula for x co-ordinate,
2 2
BC = ( 0 − 2) + ( 2 − 0) = 4 + 4 = 2 2 3 x + 4( 2 )
– 1 =
In DABC, distance between C (0, 2) and A (–2, 0), 3+4
2 2 or, –7 = 3x + 8
CA = [0 − ( −2) ] + ( 2 − 0) = 4 + 4 = 2 2
or x = – 5 1
Distance between F (0, 4) and D (–4, 0),
2 2 2 2
Similarly for y co-ordinate,
FD = ( 0 + 4) + ( 0 − 4) = 4 + ( 4) = 4 2 3 y + 4( 5 )
2 =
Distance between F (0, 4) and E (4, 0), 3+4
2 2 2 2
FE = ( 0 − 4) + ( 4 − 0) = 4 + 4 = 4 2 14 = 3y + 20
and distance between E (4, 0) and D (–4, 0), or y = – 2

2 2 2
ED = [ 4 − ( −4)] + ( 0) = 8 = 8 \ (x, y) is (–5, –2) 1
AB 4 1 AC 2 2 1 BC 2 2 1 Hence, x2 + y2 = (–5)2 + (–2)2
Now, = = , = = , = = = 25 + 4 = 29 1
OE 8 2 DF 4 2 2 EF 4 2 2
AB AC BC [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
∴ = =
DE DF EF
Here, we see that sides of DABC and DFDE are
proportional.

S OLUT I ONS P-61

 3 3 × 2 + 4 × −2 2
6. AP = AB or, AP : PB = 3 : 4 1 x = = −
7 3+4 7
P (x, y) 3 × −4 + 4 × −2 20
and y = =− ½
A(–2, –2) 3:4 B(2, –4)
3+4 7
\ Using the section formula
1  2 20 
Hence, P =  − , −  ½
mx 2 + nx1  7 7
x =
m+n
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
my 2 + ny1

and y =
m+n

qqq

WORKSHEET-73
Solutions By Distance Formula,

PA =  −1 − (0 ) + (1 − 2 )
2 2
1. (a) – 12
m 
Explanation : Given, A  ,5 , (−1)2 + (−1)2
 3  =

Q (– 6, 7) and R (– 2, 3) = 2
 − 6 − 2 7 + 3 PB = ( 3 − 0 )2 + (3 − 2 )
2
Mid point of QR = A  ,
 2 2 
= A (– 4, 5)
= (3)2 + (1)2
m  = 10
A , 5
5  ⇒ PA ≠ PB
Q R
(–6, 7) (–2, 3) Hence, given statement is false. [2]
( x + x 2 ) ( y1 + y 2 ) 
Since, midpoint  1 , 
4. Let the point on y-axis be (0, y) and AP : PB = k : 1.
 2 2  ½
5−k
m
But given coordinates of mid-point A is  , 5 Therefore
k +1
= 0 gives k = 5
3 
Hence, required ratio is 5 : 1 ½
m  −4( 5) − 6 −13
\
 3 , 5 = (– 4, 5) y = = ½
6 3
m
By comparing,  , 5 = – 4
 −13 
Hence, point on y- axis is  0 ,
3   . ½
3 
Hence, the required value of m = – 12. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2. x 2 + y 2
5. Let AP : PB = k : 1

Explanation : 6k + 2
=4
Required distance = ( x − 0 )2 + ( y − 0 )2 k +1
Þ
k = 1, ratio is 1 : 1 1
= x2 + y2 . −3 + 3
Hence m = = 0 ½
3. False, For P (0, 2) to be the point of intersection of 2
y-axis and perpendicular bisector of the line joining k 1
the points A (–1, 1) and B (3, 3), P must be equidistant A B ½
from A and B.
(2, 3) P (4, m) (6, –3)

i.e., PA = PB [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

P-62 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 6. Let the mid-points of AB and AC be E (x1, y1) and  7 + 1 2 + 4
F(x2, y2) Co-ordinates of point F =  , 
 2 2 
 9 + 7 10 + 2 
\ Co-ordinates of point E = 
,  (x2, y2) = (4, 3) ½
 2 2 
(x1, y1) = (8, 6) ½
Length of EF = ( 8 − 4 )2 + ( 6 - 3 )2

( 4 )2 + (3)2
A (7, 2)
=

= 5 units ...(i) 1

E
(x1, y1) F (x2, y2)
Length of BC = (9 - 1)2 + (10 - 4 )2
= (8 ) + (6 ) 2 2

=10 units ...(ii)
B (9, 10) C (1, 4) From equations (i) and (ii), we get
1
EF = BC. Hence proved. 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq

WORKSHEET-74
Solutions AB = (5 − 0)2 + (0 − 3)2
1. Correct option : (c) = 25 + 9
Explanation : Distance between two points (x1, y1) = 34

and (x2, y2) is given as,
Hence, the required length of diagonal is 34 .
d = ( x 2 − x1 ) + ( y 2 − y1 )
2 2
3. y-axis.

4. False, Now, distance between A (4, 3) and B (6, 4),
Where, x1 = –6, y1 = 8 and x2 = 0, y2 = 0
So, distance between P (–6, 8) and origin O (0, 0) is AB = ( 6 − 4 )2 + ( 4 − 3 )2
given by,
2 2 =
2 2 + 12 = 5
 ( −6) + (0 − 8)
PO =
PO − −6  2 +  0 − 8  2
= 00 −
[Q distance between the point (x1, y1) and (x2, y2),
2 2

=
= (66)2 ++ (−−88)2
d = ( x 2 − x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 + y1 ) 2 ]
=
36 +
= 36 + 64
64
Distance between B (6, 4) and C (5, – 6),
= 100
= 100
= 10
= 10
BC = ( 5 − 6 )2 + ( − 6 − 4 )2

2. Correct option : (c)
= ( −1)2 + ( −10 )2
Explanation : According to the question, a triangle

can be represented as :
A(0, 3) C =
1 + 100 = 101
Distance between C (5, – 6) and D (– 3, 5),

CD = ( − 3 − 5 )2 + ( 5 + 6 )2

O (0, 0) =
( − 8 )2 + 112
B(5, 0)
\ Distance between the points A (0, 3) and B (5, 0) is =
64 + 121 = 185

S OLUT I ONS P-63

 Distance between D (– 3, 5) and A (4, 3), or, (x – a – b + x – a + b) (x – a – b – x + a – b)

DA = ( 4 + 3 )2 + ( 3 − 5 )2 = (y – a – b + y – b + a)(y – a – b – y + b – a)
or, (2x – 2a) (– 2b) = (2y – 2b) (– 2a)
or, (x – a) b = (y – b) a
=
7 2 + ( −2 )2
or, bx = ay. Hence proved. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
=
49 + 4 = 53
In parallelogram, opposite sides are equal. Here, we 6. Given, ABCD is a parallelogram and
see that all sides AB, BC CD and DA are different diagonals AC and BD bisect each other
Hence, given vertices are not the vertices of a D C
parallelogram. (1, 2) (4, b)

5. |PQ| = |PR|
[ x - ( a + b )]2 + [ y - ( b - a )]2

[ x - ( a - b )]2 + [ y - ( b + a )]2
PP
=
A B
P (x, y) (–2, 1) 1 (a, 0)
Therefore mid point of BD is same as mid point of
AC ½
a+1 2  −2 + 4 1 + b 
 2 , 2  =  2 , 2 
 
a+1 b+1
Q R = 1 and =1
(a + b, b – a) (a – b, a + b) Þ
2 2
Squaring, we get Þ a = 1, b = 1. Therefore, length of sides are 10
[x – (a + b)]2 + [y – (b – a)]2
= [x – (a – b)]2 + [y – (a + b)]2 1 units each. ½+1
or, [x – a – b]2 – [x – a + b]2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
= (y – a – b)2 – (y – b + a)2

qqq
ZX = 0 − ( −4) + (3 − 0)
2 2

WORKSHEET-75
= 16 + 9
Solutions = 25
1. Correct option : (b) =5
Explanation : Let X (–4, 0), Y (4, 0) and Z (0, 3) are As, YZ = ZX, i.e., two sides of the triangle are equal.
the given vertices. So that, the DXYZ is an isosceles triangle.
Now, distance between X (–4, 0) and Y (4, 0), 2. Correct option : (a)
XY =  4 − ( −4) + (0 − 0)
2 2
Explanation : From the given figure, coordinates of
three vertices of a triangle are : O (0, 0), A (0, 2y) and
= ( 4 + 4 )2 B (2x, 0).
Suppose the required point be P whose coordinates
= 82
are (h, k)
=8 Now, P is equidistant from the three vertices of
Distance between Y (4, 0) and Z (0, 3), DAOB, therefore,
YZ = ( 0 − 4 ) 2 + (3 − 0 ) 2 PO = PA = PB
or (PO)2 = (PA)2 = (PB)2
= 16 + 9
By using distance formula, we get :
= 25
( )
2 2

=5 ( h − 0 )2 + ( k − 0 )2 = ( h − 0 )2 + ( k − 2 y )2 
 
Distance between Z (4, 0) and X (0, 3), 2

ZX = 0 − ( −4) + (3 − 0)
2 2
= ( h − 2x )2 + ( 5 − 0 )2 
 
= 16 + 9 ⇒ h 2 + k 2 = h 2 + ( k − 2 y )2 = ( h − 2 x )2 + k 2 (i)

= 25
P-64 =5 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X
 Taking first and second parts of Eq. (i), P is the mid-point of QR
h 2 + k 2 = h 2 + ( k − 2 y )2 a −5 + ( −1)
or, =
3 2
⇒ k 2 = k 2 + 4 y 2 − 4 yk
a −6
⇒ 0 = 4 y 2 − 4 yk or, =
3 2
⇒ 4 y( y − k ) = 0
or, a = – 9 1
⇒ y=k [∵ y ≠ 0] 6.


Taking first and third parts of Eq. (i),
5
h 2 + k 2 = ( h − 2 x )2 + k 2
Here, BQ = AB
7
⇒ h 2 = h 2 + 4x 2 − 4xh BQ 5 AB 7
or, = Þ =
⇒ 4 x( x − h ) = 0 AB 7 BQ 5

⇒ h=x [∵ x ≠ 0] AB
−1 = 7 -1
\ Required coordinates of the point are (h, k) = (x, y). or,
BQ
5
3. (0, 0) AB − BQ AQ 7-5 2
Explanation : or, = = =
BQ BQ 5 5
x + y 2 y1 + y 2 
Mid point =  1 , \
AQ : BQ = 2 : 5 1
 2 2 
7. Let A(3, 0), B(6, 4) and C(–1, 3)
−5 + 5 0 + 0 
=  , \ AB2 = (3 – 6)2 + (0 – 4)2 = 9 + 16 = 25 ½
 2 2  BC2 = (6 + 1)2 + (4 –3)2 = 49 + 1 = 50 ½
= [0, 0]. and CA2 = (–1 –3)2 + (3 – 0)2 = 16 + 9 = 25 ½
4. True, Point Q (6, 8) will lie outside the circle if its AB2 = CA2 or, AB = CA
distance from the centre of circle is greater than the \ Triangle is isosceles.
radius of the circle. 25 + 25 = 50
Also, AB2 + CA2 = BC2 ½
Distance between centre O (0, 0) and P (5, 0),
C (–1, 3)
OP = (5 − 0 ) 2 + ( 0 − 0 ) 2
= 52 + 0 2
=5
As, point P lies at the circle, therefore, OP = Radius
B (6, 4)
of circle. A (3, 0)
Distance between centre O (0, 0) and Q (6, 8), Since, Pythagoras theorem is verified, therefore
OQ = (6 − 0) + (8 − 0)
2 2 triangle is a right angled triangle.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
= 6 2 + 82
= 36 + 64 8. Let A(a, a), B(– a, – a) and C ( - 3 a , 3 a )

= 100
Here, AB = ( a + a )2 +( a + a )2 = 2 2a ½
= 10

As OQ > OP, therefore, point Q (6, 8) lies outside of BC = ( − a + 3 a )2 +( − a − 3 a )2

the circle. [2]
= a 2 + 3a 2 − 2 3a 2 + a 2 + 2 3a 2 + 3a 2
 -5 + ( -1) 4 + 0  a 
5.  ,  =  ,2 = 8a2 = 2 2a ½
 2 2  3 

a -6 and AC = ( a + 3a)2 + ( a − 3a)2 ½
= Þ a = – 9 1
3 2
a 2 + 3a 2 + 2 3a 2 + a 2 + 3a 2 − 2 3a 2 = 8 a 2 = 2 2 a

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution : Since AB = BC = AC, therefore ABC is an equilateral
triangle. ½
Q P R [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
( –5 , 4) ) –3a ,2 ) ( –1 , 0) qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-65

 WORKSHEET-76
Solutions  7
Hence, the point  2,  lies inside the circle.
 3
1. Correct option : (b)  −1 
(c) Distance between (0, 0) and  5,
Explanation : Distance between two points (x1, y1)  2 
and (x2, y2) is given as, 2
 1 
( x2 + x1 ) + ( y2 + y1 )
2 2
d= = (5 − 0)2 +  − − 0
 2 
where, 1
(x1, y1) = (4, p) = 25 +
4
(x2, y2) = (1, 0)
101
And, d = 5 =
4
Put the values, we have
10.04
       52 = (1 − 4)2 + (0 – p)2 =
25 = (–3)2 + (–p)2 2
= 5 . 02 which is less than the radius of circle.
   25 – 9 = p2
16 = p2  −1
Hence, the point  5, also lies inside the circle.

+4, –4 = p  2 
2. Correct option : (d)  5
(d) Distance between (0, 0) and  −6, 
Explanation : The centre of the circle is (0, 0)  2
13
it passes from point  , 0 2  55
2
 2
 2  =
= (( −
−66 −
− 00))2 +
+  2 − − 00
2 
So, the radius of circle
25
25
 13 
2 = 36 +
= 36 + 4
r =  − 0 + ( 0 − 0 )
2
4
2
= 144 +
144 + 25
25
13 = 44
= unit = 6.5 unit
2 169
= 169
Explanation : (a) Distance between (0, 0) and = 4
4
 −3  13
 4 , 1 = 13
= 2
2
2 =
= 66..55 which
which is
is eequal
qual to
to the
the radius
radius of
of circle.
circle.
 −3  2
=  −3 − 0 + (1 − 0)22
=  4 − 0 + (1 − 0) 5
 4  
Hence, the point  −6,  lies on the circle but does
25 2
= 25
= 16 not lie inside the circle.
16
5 3. Zero.
= 5
=4
4 4. Let the point A be (x, y)
= 1.25 which is less than the raadius of circle. x+1 4+y
= 1.25 which is less than the raadius of circle. \ = 2 and ½
= −3
 −3  2 2
So, the point  , 1 lies interior to the circle.
 4  Þ x = 3 and y = –10 ½
 7 \ Point A is (3, –10)
(b) Distance between (0, 0) and  2, 
 3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
2 5. False, If A (2, 7) lies on perpendicular bisector of P
 7 0)2 +  7 − 0
2

= ( 2 − 0=)2 +( 2 − − 0  3  (6, 5) and Q (0, –4), then

3 
AP = AQ
85 = 85
= 9 \ By using Distance Formula, AP = ( 6 − 2 ) 2 + (5 − 7 ) 2
9
9 . 22
=
9.22 = = (4)2 + (−2)2
3 3
= 3 . 1 = 3.1iswhich
which is less
less than thethan theofraacricle.
raadius dius of cricle. = 20

P-66 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 And AQ = (0 − 2)2 + (−4 − 7)2 or, 49 + 4 – 4t + t2 = 41 + t2 + 4t + 4
or, 53 – 4t = 45 + 4t
= (−2)2 + (−11)2 or, 8t = 8
= 125 \ t =1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
As, AP  ≠ AQ
Therefore, A does not lie on the perpendicular D (–4, –3)
7. C (k, 2)
bisector of PQ. [2]

6. AB2 = (2 – 5)2 + (– 2 –2)2 =9 + 16 = 25

E
BC2 = (– 2 – 2)2 + (t + 2)2 = 16 + (t + 2)2
AC2 = (5 + 2)2 + (2 – t)2 = 49 + (2 – t)2 1
A (5, 2)

½
B (2, 3)
A (1,–2)
Diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other ½
Þ midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD
 1 + k -2 + 2   −4 + 2 -3 + 3 
Þ  2 , 2  =  2 , 2  1
   
C (–2, t)
B (2, –2) 1+ k −2
Þ =
Since, ∆ABC is a right angled triangle. 2 2
\ AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Þ k = – 3
or, 49 + (2 – t)2 = 25 + 16 + (t + 2)2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

qqq

WORKSHEET-77
Solutions B(6,7) C(8,3)
1. Correct option : (d)
Explanation : Let (x, y) be the point
mx 2 + nx1 my 2 + ny1
Then, x = and y =  … (i)
m+n m+n A(–2,3) D(x4 , y4)
Here, x1 = 7, y1 = –6, x2 = 3, y2 = 4, m = 1 and n = 2
But ABCD is a parallelogram so its diagonals AC and
∴ xx =
1 3)) +
1((3 +22(( 7
7 )) BD will bisect each other.
∴ = 1+ 2
1+ 2 Therefore, P and Q will coincide
33 +
+ 14
14 17 17
⇒
⇒ xx =
= 3 = = 3 æ 6 + x4 7 + y4 ö
i.e., (3, 3) = ç ,
3 3 è 2 2 ÷ø
1( 4) + 2( −6) 6 + x4 7 + y4
And, y= Þ 3= and 3 =
1+ 2 2 2
4 − 12 8 Þ 6 = 6 + x 4 and 6 = 7 + y 4
⇒ y= =−
3 3 Þ x 4 = 0 and y 4 = -1
 17 8 Hence, the fourth vertex of parallelogram is
So, the required point ( x , y ) =  , −  lies in IVth D ≡ ( x 4 , y 4 ) ≡ ( 0, − 1).
3 3
quadrant.
2. Correct option : (b) 3. Using distance formula,
Explanation : ( 4 − 1)2 + ( k − 0 )2 = 5 ½

æ 6 + x4 7 + y4 ö or, 3 + k = 25 2 2
Then, P = æç -2 + 8 , 3 + 3ö÷ = (3, 3) and Q = ç ,
è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø÷
k = ±4 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

S OLUT I ONS P-67

 4. True,
 y+1 
Explanation : Given points will be the vertices of a + y-3
 2 
parallelogram, if the opposite sides and diagonals   = – 2
of that rectangle come out to be equal. 2
 
 
Now, Distance between A (– 1, – 2) and B(4, 3)
y + 1 + 2y – 6 = – 8
AB = (4 + 1)2 + (3 + 2)2 or, y = – 1. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= 52 + 52
= 25 + 25 6. A(3, 2) and B(– 3, 2)
\ Mid-point of AB is lying on Y-axis
=5 2
AB is equal distance from X-axis every where of
Distance between C (2, 5) and D (–3, 0), \ OD ^ AB
Hence, 3rd vertex of DABC is also lying on Y-axis.
CD = (−3 − 2)2 + (0 − 5)2 BC2 = (x + 3)2 + (y – 2)2
= 25 + 25 AC2 = (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2
where coordinate of C (x, y)
=5 2
AB2 = (3 + 3)2 + (2 – 2)2 = 36
Distance between A (–1, –2) and D (–3, 0), AB2 = AC2 = BC2 (Given)
Y

AD = (−3 + 1)2 + (0 + 2)2

(−2)2 + 22
D
=
B A (3, 2)
(–3, +2)

= 4+4

=2 2 X'
O
X

And distance between B (4, 3) and C (2, 5),

BC = (4 − 2)2 + (3 − 5)2
C (x, y)
= 4+4

=2 2 Y'

Thus, AB = CD and AD = BC (x + 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 36

(x + 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 36 x=0
Also, distance between A (–1, –2) and C (2, 5),
(0 + 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 36
AC = ( 2 + 1) + ( 5 + 2 )
2 2
(y – 2)2 = 36 – 9 = 27
Taking square root both side, we get
= 9 + 49 y – 2 = ± 3 3
= 58
y = 2 ± 3 3
And distance between D (–3, 0) and B (4, 3),
Since origin is inside the D.
\ Coordinate of C are below the origin
DB = (4 + 3) + (3 − 0)
2 2

Hence, y = 2 − 3 3
= 49 + 9
= 58
Coordinates of C = 0 , 2 − 3 3 ( ) 2

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
As, diagonals AC and DB are equal, therefore, the
points A (–1, –2), B (4, 3), C (2, 5) and D (–3, 0) form
7. Let the coordinates of C and D be (a, b) and (c, d).
a rectangle. [2]
D (c, d)
C (a, b)
5. x 
+x+1
2  (2, –5)
(2, –5)
At mid-point of AB =   =5
2
 
 
or, x = 6 1

A (3, 2) B (1, 0)

P-68 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 3+a d+0
\ = 2 Þ a = 1 ½ and = – 5 Þ d = – 10 ½
2 2
2+b Coordinates of C and D are (1, – 12) and (3, – 10) 1
and = – 5 Þ b = – 12 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
2
c+1
and =2Þc=3 ½
2

qqq

WORKSHEET-78
Solutions 2. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : Given that,
1. Correct option : (d) a 
Explanation : According to the question, diagram of P  , 4 is the mid-point of the line segment joining
3
the point P (2, 1) on the line segment joining the
points A (4, 2) and B (8, 4) is, the points Q (–6, 5) and R (–2, 3).

P(2,1) A(4,2) B(8,4)
Q(–6,5)
a
P ,4
3 ( ( R(–2,3)
Now, distance between two points (x1, y1) and
(x2, y2) is given as, Now, mid-point of a line segment joining two
points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by,
d = ( x 2 − x1 ) + ( y 2 − y1 )
2 2

 ( x1 + x 2 ) ( y1 + y 2 ) 
 , 
Therefore, distance between A (4, 2) and P (2, 1) is  2 2 

AP = ( 2 − 4)2 + (1 − 2)2
 −6 − 2 5 + 3 
\ Mid-point of = P  ,
= ( −2)2 + ( −1)2  2 2 
= 4 +1 = P ( −4, 4)
= 5 ...(i) But the coordinates of mid-point P are given as

a 
Distance between A (4, 2) and B (8, 4) is  3 , 4 .

AB = (8 − 4)2 + (4 − 2)2 a 
∴  , 4 = ( −4, 4)
= ( 4) + ( 2)
2 2 3 

= 16 + 4 Comparing the coordinates, we get,
a
= 20 = −4 or a = −12.
3
=2 5 ...(ii)

Distance between B (8, 4) and P (2, 1) is,  p
3. Since  1,  is the mid point of the line segment
BP =
BP = ((88 −− 22))22 ++ ((44 −− 11))22  3

= 6 2
322
+3  2
= 62 + joining the points (2, 0) and  0 ,  .
 9
= 36 +
= 36 9
+9
= 45 2
= 45 0+
p 9 2p 2
= \ = = =
=33 5
5 ...(iii)
3 2 3 9
From equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we have : 1
p = 1
AB = 2 5 = 2 AP 3
AB Hence, the line 5x + 3y + 2 = 0, passes through the
or AP =
2 point (– 1, 1) as 5(– 1) + 3(1) + 2 = 0. 1
1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
∴ AP = AB
2

S OLUT I ONS P-69

 1
4. k P
3 
A B \ Co-ordinates of point are  , 0 . 1
(3, –3) (x, 0) (–2, 7) 2 
Let the ratio be k : 1, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
Using section formula, we get, 5.
By section formula
1 ( −3 ) + k ( 7 ) 3( 8 a ) + 1( 3a + 1)
0 = 9a – 2 = ...(i) 1
1+ k 3+1
3 3( 5) + 1( -3)
or, k = and – b = ...(ii) 1
7 3+1

From (ii),
or, Ratio = 3 : 7 1
15 - 3
m2 x1 + m1x 2 – b = =3
Also, x = 4
m1 + m2
b = – 3 1
1 (3) + k ( -2 ) From (i), 9a – 2 =
24 a + 3a + 1
= 1
1+ k 4
4(9a – 2) = 27a + 1
3 36a – 8 = 27a + 1
3-2× 3
x = 7 = 9a = 9
3 2 a = 1 1
1+
7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

WORKSHEET-79
Solutions The perpendicular bisector passes through the mid-
point of line segment.
1. Correct option : (a) Now mid-point of line segment,
Explanation : The equation of line which passes
through the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by,  1 + 4 5 + 6
= ,
y −y  2 2 
( y − y1 ) = x2 − x1 (x − x1 )  5 11
2 1 = ,
 2 2 
Given, x1 = 1, y1 = 5 and x2 = 4, y2 = 6
\ The equation of line segment joining the points A Since, equation of line passes through the point
(1, 5) and B (4, 6) is : (x1, y1) and having slope m is given as :
6−5
( y − 5) = 4 − 1 (x − 1) ( y − y1 ) = m( x − x1 )
    \ Equation of perpendicular bisector, with slope – 3
1  5 11
⇒ ( y − 5 ) = ( x − 1) and passing through the point  ,  is given
2 2
3
as,
1 14
⇒ y= x− 11
3 3  11 ( −3)  x − 5 5 
 yy −
− 2  = = ( −3)  x − 2 
 2  2
1
\ Slope of the line segment, m1 = ⇒
⇒ (( 2 2 yy −
− 11
11 )) =
= −
− 3
3(( 2
2 xx −
− 5
5 ))
3
⇒ 66xx +
⇒ + 22 yy == 26
26
Suppose the slope of perpendicular bisector of the
line segment is m2. ⇒
⇒ 3x + y = 133
3 x + y = 1 ...(i)

It is given that the perpendicular bisector of the line
segment is perpendicular on the line segment. If Putting x = 0 in (i),
two lines having slope m1 and m2 are perpendicular 3 × 0 + y = 13
to each other, then, ⟹     y = 13.
m1 ⋅ m2 = −1 So, the required point is (0, 13).
1 2. Correct option : (d)
⇒ ⋅ m2 = −1 Explanation : Suppose the coordinates of P and Q
3
⇒ m2 = −3 are (0, y) and (x, 0) respectively.

P-70 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 The given situation can be represented by the 4. Let AP : PB = k : 1 ½
following diagram :
3k − 6
Y \ = – 4
k +1
(0,y)
P
or, 3k – 6 = – 4k – 4 1
M(2, –5)
or, 7k = 2
X' X 2
Q (x,0) k =
7
Hence, AP : PB = 2 : 7 ½
Y' [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
Mid-point of a line segment having points (x1, y1)
5. Co-ordinates of point B are (0, 3) ½
and (x2, y2)
\ BC = 6 unit
 x + x 2 y1 + y 2 
= 1 , Let the co-ordinates of point A be (x, 0). ½
 2 2 
or, AB = 2
x +9
Now, the mid-point of P (0, y) and Q (x, 0) is
 0 + x y + 0  AB = BC
M  ,
 2 2  \ x2 + 9 = 36 1
y
But it is given that, mid-point of PQ is (2, –5),
x+0
∴ 2=
2
B
and
y+0
−5= A
2 x'
D
x

⇒ x = 4 and y = −10
Hence, the coordinates of P and Q are (0, –10) and C (0, –3)
(4, 0).
3. Coordinates of D are (–1, 2) ½
A (5, 1) y'
2
or, x = 27 or, x = ±3 3
Co-ordinates of point A = ( 3 3 , 0 ) 1


Since ABCD is a rhombus.
or, AB = AC = CD = DB

B (1, 5) D C (–3, –1) \ Co-ordinate of point D = ( - 3 3 , 0 ). 1

AD = ( 5 + 1)2 + (1 - 2 )2 = 37 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] qqq

WORKSHEET-80
Solutions 1
∆=  x1 ( y 2 − y3 ) + x 2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x3 ( y1 − y 2 )
2
1. Correct option : (b)
\ Area of DABC is given as :
Explanation : 1
Here, ∆ = [a (c + a − a − b ) + b (a + b − b − c )
2
(x1 , y1 ) ≡ ( a, b + c ), + c (b + c − c − a )]
( x2 , y2 ) ≡ (b , c + a) 1
⇒∆=  a ( c − b ) + b ( a − c ) + c (b − a )
And ( x3 , y3 ) ≡ ( c , a + b ) 2

Area of triangle with coordinates (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and 1 1
⇒ ∆ = ( ac − ab + ab − bc + bc − ac ) = (0 ) = 0
(x3, y3) is given as : 2 2

S OLUT I ONS P-71

 Therefore, the required area of triangle is 0. Thus point P is (3, –2).
2. Point (3, –2) lies on 2x – y + k = 0
Þ 6 + 2 + k = 0
Let P(x, y) divides AB in the ratio 1:2. 1 Þ k = – 8. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
\ Using section formula
4. P(a, b) is mid-point of AB, given A(10, – 6) and
1× 5+ 2× 2
x = =3 B(k, 4) ½
1+ 2  k + 10 - 6 + 4 
Then, P(a, b) =  , 
1 × −8 + 2 × 1  2 2 
and y = = −2 1
1+ 2 k + 10
a = ,b = – 1
2
Hence coordinates of P are (3, – 2).
a – 2b = 18 or, a + 2 = 18
3. AP : PB = 1 : 2 ½ or, a =16
k + 10
a =
2
k + 10
or, = 16 or, k = 22 1
2
\
P(a, b) = (16, – 1) ½
AB = ( 22 − 10 )2 + ( 4 + 6 )2
½ = 2 61 units. 1
4+5 2−8

x= = 3 and y = = – 2 ½+½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
3 3
qqq

WORKSHEET-81
Solutions 2.

6−6 Let P(x, y) and Q(x2, y2) trisect AB.

1. Let X = = 0 1
5  P divides AB in the ratio 1 : 2
−10 + 15 1 (8 ) + 2 ( 5 )
\ Y = =1 \
x = = 6 , 1
5 1 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1 (10 ) + 2 (7 )
and y = =8
Detailed Solution : 3
P ( x, y ) \ P(6, 8)
A
2:3
B
And Q is the mid point of PB. 1
(–2, 5) (3, –5)
6+8
x1 = =7
mx2 + nx1 2
Since, x = ½
m+n 8 + 10
y1 = =9
my2 + ny1 2
and y = ½
m+n \ Q(7, 9)
1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
2 × 3 + 3 × ( -2 )
x = = 0 ½
2+3

2 × ( -5) + 3 × 5 5
and y = = = 1 ½
2+3 5

So, the points are (0, 1).

P-72 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 3. A (1, –1)
or, AB = BC ¹ AC
or, DABC is isosceles.

N
ow, using mid-point formula, the co-ordinates of
mid-point of BC are
-5+0 5
x = = -
2 2 ½
3+4 7
y = =
B (0, 4) 2 2
C (–5, 3) D

Let the vertices of DABC be A(1, – 1), B(0, 4) and or, D(x, y) =  - 5 , 7  1
 2 2
C(–5, 3).
\ Using distance formula, \ Length of median AD

2 2
AB = (1 - 0 )2 + ( -1 - 4 )2  -5  7 
=  - 1 +  + 1
2  2 

= 1 + 52 2 2
 -7   9
26 =   +  
= ½
2 2
2 2
BC = ( -5 - 0 ) + ( 3 - 4 ) 130 130
= = unit
25 + 1 = 4 2
= 26 ½
2 2 130
AC = ( -5 - 1) + ( 3 + 1) \ Length of median AD is
units. 1
2
= 36 + 16 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= 52 = 2 13 ½
qqq

WORKSHEET-82
Solutions 2 2 2 2 4 1
or, = = = 1
1. Using distance formula 4 2 4 2 8 2
AB = ( 0 + 2 )2 + ( 2 − 0 ) 2 = 4 + 4 \ DABC ~ DDEF Hence Proved.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
= 2 2 units 2. The co-ordinates of B are (5, 0)
Let co-ordinates of C be (x, y) 1
BC = ( 2 − 0 )2 + ( 0 − 2 )2 = 4 + 4 Since AC2 = BC2
(sides of equilateral triangle)
= 2 2 units ½
(x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 = (x – 5)2 + (y – 0)2
CA = ( −2 − 2 ) + (0 − 0 ) = 16
2 2
or, x2 + 4 – 4x + y2 = x2 + 25 – 10x + y2
or, 6x = 21
= 4 units
7
x = 1
and DE = (0 + 4 )2 + (4 − 0 )2 = 32 2
½ And (x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 = 9
= 4 2 units 2
7  2
EF = (4 − 0 )2 + (0 − 4 )2 = 32 or,  − 2 + y = 9

2
= 4 2 units or, 9 2 9
+ y = 9 or, y = 9 −
2

4 4
FD = ( −4 − 4 )2 + (0 − 0 )2 = 64
27 3 3
= 8 units ½ or, y2 = or y =
4 2

Since, ratio of the corresponding sides of two
similar Ds is equal. (+ve sign to be taken)
AB BC AC 7 3 3 

i.e., = = ½ Hence, C =  , 1
DE EF DF  2 2 
 

S OLUT I ONS P-73

 WORKSHEET-83
Solutions 13
Þ k=
1. (i) Using distance formula, we have 3
\ Ratio is 13 : 3
1
AB = ( 6 - 3)2 + ( 4 - 1)2 = ( 3 )2 + ( 3 )2
9 3
Þ Coordinates of P are  , 
½
= 9+9 = 18 = 3 2 units ½  2 2

BC = ( 8 - 6 )2 + ( 6 - 4 )2 = ( 2 )2 + ( 2 )2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
3. Since, A(– 1, y) and B(5, 7) lie on a circle with centre
= 4+4 = 8 = 2 2 units ½ O(2, – 3y).
and the distance between OA and OB are equal. 1
AC = ( 8 - 3)2 + ( 6 - 1)2 = ( 5)2 + ( 5)2 \
OA = OB

= 25 + 25 = 50 = 5 2 units ½ ( −1 − 2 ) + ( y + 3 y ) = (5 − 2 )2 + (7 + 3 y )
2 2 2

 AB + BC = 3 2 + 2 2 = 5 2 = AC

or, 9 + (4 y )
2
= 3 + (7 + 3 y )
2 2
 1
\ A, B and C are collinear.
Thus, Ashima, Bharti and Camella are seated in a
Squaring on both sides, we get
line. ½ 9 + 16y2 = 9y2 + 42y + 58
(ii) Co-ordinate Geometry. ½ or,
y2 – 6y – 7 = 0
(iii) Democratic values lead to equality. ½
or, (y + 1)(y – 7) = 0

2. Let the line x – 3y = 0 intersect the segment \
y = – 1, 7
When y = – 1
Centre O(2, – 3y) = (2, 3)
B = (5, 7)

joining A(–2, –5) and B(6, 3) in the ratio k : 1 ½ Radius OB = ( 5 − 2 )2 + ( 7 − 3 )2

6 k − 2 3k − 5 
\ Coordinates of P are 
, 1
 k + 1 k + 1  = 9 + 16 = 5 unit 1

When y = 7
6k − 2  3k − 5 
P lies on x – 3y = 0 Þ =3 
k +1  k + 1 
qqq

WORKSHEET-84
Solutions Now, using distance formula, distance between
green flag and blue flag
1. (i) Considering A as origin (0, 0), AB as X-axis and
AD as Y-axis. PQ = ( 8 - 2 )2 + ( 20 - 25)2
Niharika runs in the 2nd line with green flag and
distance covered (parallel to AD) = 6 2 + ( -5)2 = 36 + 25

1
= × 100 = 25 m = 61 m ½
4
(ii) Also, Rashmi has to post a blue flag at the mid-point
\ Co-ordinates of green flag are (2, 25) and label it
of PQ, therefore by using mid-point formula, we
as P i.e., P(2, 25). ½
 2 + 8 25 + 20   45 
Similarly, Preet runs in the eighth line with red flag have  ,  i.e.,  5,  ½
 2 2  2
and distance covered (parallel to AD)
Hence, the blue flag is in the fifth line, at a distance
1
= × 100 = 20 m 45
5 of i.e., 22.5 m along the direction parallel to
2
\ Co-ordinates of red flag are (8, 20) and label it as
AD.
Q i.e., Q (8, 20) ½
(iii)
Co-ordinate Geometry. 1

P-74 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 2. Any point on y-axis is P(0,y) 1 6
6 k  4  4
Let P divides AB in k :1 1 = 5 -26 -13
Þ y = = = 1
k 1 1 6 3
1
5
-13
5k  1 1 Þ P is(0, )
Þ 0 = Þ k= i.e. 1 : 5 1 3
k 1 5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

qqq

TOPIC-2
Area of Triangle

WORKSHEET-85
Solutions x + 21 + 42 = 0
x = – 63 ½
1. Correct option : (c)
4. Area of the triangle formed by the given points

Explanation : Triangle formed by the given points
A(0, 1), B(2, 3) and C(3, 4)
A(1, 3), B(–1, 0) and C(4, 0) 1
1 = |0(3 – 4) + 2(4 – 1) + 3(1 – 3)| 1
Area of triangle = [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) 2
2 1
= |0 + (2) (3) + (3) ( – 2)|
+ x3(y1 – y2)] ½ 2
1
= [1(0 – 0) + ( –1) (0 – 3) + 4(3 – 0)] 1 1
2 = |6 – 6| = (0)
2 2
1 15
= [3 +12] = = 7.5 sq. units ½ = 0
2 2 \ The given points are collinear.
1
2. –1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Explanation : Since, the points are collinear,
\ Area = 0 1 5. Let the vertices of given triangle be A(0, – 1), B(2, 1)
1 and C(0, 3). 1
or, [– 5 (p – (– 2)) + 1 (– 2 – (– 5)) + 4 (1 – p)] = 0 Then, the coordinates of mid-points are P(1, 0), Q(1,
2
2) and R(0, 1). 1
1
or, [– 5 (p + 2) + 1 (– 2 + 5) + 4 (1 – p)] = 0 Area of DPQR,
2
1
1 = x 1 ( y 2 − y 3 ) + x 2 ( y 3 − y1 ) + x 3 ( y 1 − y 2 )
or, [– 5 (p + 2) + 3 + 4 (1 – p)] = 0 2
2
1
or,
1
[– 5p – 10 + 3 + 4 – 4p] = 0 = ( 2 − 1) + 1 (1 − 0 ) + 0 ( 0 − 2 )
2
2
1 1
or, [– 3p – 3] = 0 = 1 + 1 + 0 = 1 sq. unit 1
2 2
or, – 3p – 3 = 0
Þ p = – 1 1
6. Area of the triangle = |t (t + 2 – t) + (t + 2)
3. Since, the points are collinear, then 2
Area of triangle = 0 (t – t + 2) + (t + 3) (t – 2 – t –2)| 2
1 1
[x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 ½ = [2t + 2t + 4 – 4t – 12] 1
2 2
1 = 4 sq. units.
[x(– 4 + 5) + (– 3) (– 5 – 2) + 7(2 + 4)] = 0 which is independent of t. 1
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-75

 WORKSHEET-86
Solutions Hence, the triangle is right angled,
1
1.
53 sq. units. Area of DABC = × Base × Height
2
Explanation : Area of triangle
1 25
1 = ×5×5= sq units. 1
= [x1 (y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + x3 (y1 – y2)] 2 2
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
1
= [–5 (– 5 – 5) + (– 4) (5 – 7) + 4 (7 + 5)]
2
4. Given, ar DABC = 5 sq. untis
1
= [–5 (– 10) + (– 4) (– 2) + 4 (12)] 1 7 
2 or,  2 ( −2 − y ) + 3 ( y − 1) + (1 + 2 ) = 5 1½
2 2 
1
= [50 + 8 + 48] 1 21 
2 or,
−4 − 2 y + 3 y − 3 +  = 5
2  2 
1
= [58 + 48]
2 7
or,
y + = 10 1
2
1
= [106] 7 13
2 or,
y = 10 − =
2 2
= 53
\ Area of triangle = 53 sq. units 7 7 27
If y + = – 10 or y = −10 − = −
2. The points are collinear, then area of triangle = 0 2 2 2
1 13 27
\ [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 Hence, the value of y = or − ½
2 2 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
1

or, [0(2 – y) + 1(y – 0) + x(0 – 2) ] = 0
2
1 5. Area of quad. ABCD = arDABD + arDBCD

or, [y – 2x] = 0
2 1
Area of DABD= | (– 5) (– 5 – 5) + (– 4)

or, 2x – y = 0 2
y
\ x = 1 (5 – 7) + (4) (7 + 5)|
2
= 53 sq. units 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
C(–1, –6)
D(4, 5)
3. Let the points be A(2, – 2), B(–2, 1) and C(5, 2).
Applying distance formula,
AB2 = (2 + 2)2 + (–2 –1)2
= 16 + 9
AB2 = 25 or, AB = 5
Similarly BC2 = (–2 –5)2 + (1 – 2)2
= 49 + 1 = 50 A(–5, 7) B(–4, –5)
2
or, BC = 50 or, BC = 5 2 Area of ar DBCD = |(–4) (– 6 – 5) + (–1)
Also, AC2 = (2 – 5)2 + (–2 –2)2 (5 + 5) + 4 (– 5 + 6)|
= 9 + 16 = 19 sq. units 1
= 25 Hence, area of quad. ABCD = 53 + 19
or, AC2 = 25 or AC = 5 = 72 sq. units 1
Clearly AB + AC2 = BC2
2
1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
25 + 25 = 50

qqq

P-76 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-87
Solutions or, 48 = 2k + 5 + 16 + k + 2k2
or, 2k2 + 3k – 27 = 0 1
1. If area covered by the given points is O, the points or, (k – 3) (2k + 9) = 0
are collinear. −9
or, k = 3, k = 1
Area of DABC 2
1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= [x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)] = 0 ½
2 5. AD is the median of DABC from vertex A
1  3 + 5 −2 + 2 
= [x(7 – 5) – 5(5 – y) – 4(y – 7)] = 0 1 ,
D (x, y) =  = (4, 0) 1
2
 2 2 
or, 2x – 25 + 5y – 4y + 28 = 0 ½ A(4, –6)
or, 2x + y + 3 = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

2. For collinearity of the points, area of the triangle B(3, –2) D(4, 0) C(5, 2)
formed by given points is zero.
1 Area of DADB
{(3k – 1) (k – 7 + k + 2) + k(–k –2 – k + 2) + (k – 1)
2 1
= ×| 4 (0 + 2) + 4 (– 2 + 6) + 3 (– 6 – 0)|
(k – 2 – k + 7)} = 0 2
1
{(3k – 1) (2k – 5) – 2k2 + 5k – 5} = 0 1 1
2 = × |8 + 16 – 18|
2
4k2 – 12k = 0 1
1
k = 0, 3 1 = × 6 = 3 square units ...(i) 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 2
Area of DADC
3. Given, Ar (ABC) = 4
1
1 = × |4 (0 – 2) + 4 (2 + 6) + 5 (– 6 – 0)|
[x(4 – 5) + 4(5 – 3) + 3(3 – 4)] = 4 1½ 2
2

1
(– x + 5) = 8 = × |– 8 + 32 – 30|
– x + 5 = 8 1 2

x = –3 ½ 1
= × |– 6| = 3 square units 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 2
Hence, area of DADC = 3 square units. ...(ii)
1
4. Area of triangle = |x1(y2 – y3) + x2 (y3 – y1) + From (i) and (ii) Area of DADB = Area of DADC It
2
is verified that median of DABC divides it into two
x3(y1 – y2)|
triangles of equal areas. 1
1
or, 2 4 = |1(2k + 5) – 4(– 5 + 1) – k(– 1 – 2k)| 2
2

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-77

 WORKSHEET-88

Solutions Now, area of DABC
1
= [1(6 + 5) + (– 4)(– 5 + 1) + (– 3) (– 1 – 6)]
The co-ordinates of the vertices of DABC are
1. 2
A(1, – 1), B(– 4, 6) and C(– 3, – 5) respectively.
1
= [11 + 16 + 21]
2
Y
= 24 sq. units ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
.
B (–4, 6)
6
2. If the area covered by the given points is zero, then
the points are collinear.
4

2
\
1
( ) ( ) (
Area =  a b 2 − 0 + b 0 − a 2 + 0 a 2 − b 2 
2  )
1
=  ab 2 − a 2 b + 0 
.
2
X'
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
X
2
A (1, –1)
1
–2 =  ab (b − a ) ≠ 0
2

.
C (–3, –5)
–4

a ¹ b ¹ 0
Hence, the given points are not collinear.
1

–6 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

3. P(x, y), B(–3, 5), C(4, –2)

Y' 1
\ ar (DPBC) = |x(7) + 3(2 + y) + 4(y – 5)|
2
1
1
= |7x + 7y – 14| 1½
Then, AB = (1 + 4 )2 + ( -1 - 6 )2 2
1
25 + 49 ar (DABC) = |6 × 7 – 3 (–5) + 4(3 – 5)|
= 2
= 74 = 74 ½ 49
= 1½
2
BC = ( - 4 + 3 )2 + ( 6 + 5 )2
1
1 + 121 ar(∆PBC ) (7 x + 7 y − 14 )
= \ = 2
ar(∆ABC ) 49

= 122 = 122 ½
2
AC = (1 + 3)2 + ( -1 + 5)2 7 (x + y − 2 )
=
49
= 16 + 16 = 4 2 ½
x+y−2
Q AB ¹ BC ¹ AC
= 1
7
\ DABC is scalene.

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

qqq

WORKSHEET-89
Solutions = 32 + 4 2 = 9 + 16 1

1. Let the height of parallelogram taking AB as base = 5 units.

be h. Area DABC
1
\
AB = (7 − 4 ) 2 + ( 2 + 2 ) 2 =  x1 ( y 2 − y3 ) + x 2 ( y3 − y 2 ) + x3 ( y1 − y 2 )
2

P-78 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 1 1
=  4 ( 2 − 9 ) + 7 ( 9 + 2 ) + 0 ( −2 − 2 )  A = |12 + (–4) + 7|
2 2

1 49 15
= × 49 = sq. units 1 A = sq. units. 1
2 2 2

1 49 In DADE and DABC,
Now, × AB × h =
2 2 AD AE 1
= =
or,
5 × h = 49 AB EC 3
49
or,
h = = 9·8 units. 1
and ÐDAE = ÐBAC (Common)
5
Hence DADE ~ DABC (By AAA)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
2 2
Area ∆ADE  AD   1 1
2. Area of a triangle having vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and
or, =   =   = ½
Area ∆ABC  AB 3 9
(x3, y3) is given by
1 Ar ∆ADE 1
A = |x1(y2 – y3) + x2(y3 – y1) + x3(y1 – y2)|
or, =
2  15  9
 
2
½
\ Area of triangle ABC is given by 15 5
or, Area DADE =
= sq. units. 1
2×9 6
1
A = |4(5 – 2) + 1(2 – 6) + 7(6 – 5)|
2 5 15
Area ADE : Area ABC = : = 1 : 9 1
6 2

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-79

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
7 TRIANGLES

WORKSHEET-90
Solutions 4. As DE || BC
1. Correct option : (c) AD AE
\ =
Explanation : DB EC
A x x+3
or, =
x+1 x+5
or, x2 + 5x = x2 + 4x + 3
or, x = 3 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

5. A

B C
D
33
h
1
E
B C
3 3 3
( BC ) ( BC )2 ( BC )2 4BC 2 4
2
ar ∆ABC 4 2
= = = = = = 4 :1
( BD ) ( BD )  BC 
2 2
ar ∆BDE 3 2 BC 2 1 2
4 2
3 3
  ( 3 3 )2 = h 2 +  
2.
16 : 81  2 
Explanation : We know that the ratio of the areas of
27
triangles will be equal to the square of the ratio of or, 27 = h 2 +
the corresponding sides of the triangles. 4
Thus, required ratio of the areas of the two triangles 27
2
or, h2 = 27 −
 4 16 4
=   = .
 9 81 81
or, h2 =
4
3. DABC : Isosceles D Þ AC = BC = 4 cm. ½
9
AB = 2
4 +4 2 = 4 2 cm ½ \
h = = 4.5 cm 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
A P
Detailed Solution : 6.
Given, ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at C
i.e. AC = BC = 4 cm
ÐC = 90°
Q

B C R
Using pythagoras theorem in DABC, D S
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 DABC ~ DPQR
= 42 + 42 ÐA = ÐP, ÐB = ÐQ, ÐC = ÐR
1
= 16 + 16 = 32 2
ar (∆ABC ) AB ...(i)
=
ar (∆PQR ) 2
PQ
ÐA = ÐP
1 1
or, ÐA = ÐP
2 2
or, ÐBAD = ÐQPS

\
AB = 4 2 cm.

P-80 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 By eqs. (i) and (ii),
DBAD ~ DQPS (AA similarity) 1
ar (∆ABC ) AD 2
BA AD = Hence Proved. 1
= ...(ii) ar (∆PQR ) PS2 
QP PS
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

WORKSHEET-91
Solutions 4. Given, AD2 = BD × CD
AD = BD
1. Correct option : (b) or, ½
CD AD
Explanation : Since DABC ~ DEDF, then we get
AB AC BC \
DADC ~ DBDA (by SAS; QÐD = 90°)
= =
ED EF DF .
or, ÐBAD = ÐACD;
From first two, AB × EF = AC × DE. Option (b) is
ÐDAC = ÐDBA
correct.
From last two, BC × EF = AC × FD. Option (a) is (Corresponding angles of similar triangles) ½
correct.
ÐBAD+ ÐACD + ÐDAC + ÐDBA = 180°
From first and last, BC × DE = AB × FD. Option (d) or,
2ÐBAD + 2ÐDAC = 180° ½
is correct.
Thus, option (c) is incorrect.
or, ÐBAD + ÐDAC = 90°
2. Similar. \ ÐA = 90° Hence Proved. ½

Explanation : In DABC and DDEF, ÐB = ÐE and 5. Given AD = 2CD
ÐF = ÐC. By AA similarity, we get DABC ~ DDEF.
Thus, the triangles are similar but not congruent. In DCDE and DCAB
3. In DPAO and DQBO, ÐC = ÐC (Common)
ÐA = ÐB = 90° (Given)
ÐPOA = ÐQOB ÐCDE = ÐCAB
(Vertically Opposite Angle) (Corresponding angles)
Since, DPAO ~ DQBO, \
DCDE ~ DCAB (By AA similarity rule)
(by AA)
OA PA ar ( ∆DCE) CD 2 CD 2
Then, = Now = 2 =

OB QB

ar ( ∆ACB)

CA ( AD + DC )2
6 4
or, = ar ( ∆DCE) CD 2 1
4.5 QB or, = 2 = 3
ar ( ∆ACB) ( 3CD ) 9

4 × 4.5
or, QB =
6 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

\
QB = 3 cm 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-92
3.
Solutions A

1. Correct option : (a) X Y

AB BC CA
Explanation : Given that, = =
, by SSS
QR PR PQ
similarity, we get DPQR ~ DCAB.
2. 9 B C

Explanation : Since DABC ~ DPQR, we have AX 3

= , AY= 5 and YC = 9 (Given)
ar ∆PRQ  QR   3
2 2
XB 4
=  =   = 9.
ar ∆BCA  BC   1 AX 3 AY 5
Then, = and =
XB 4 YC 9

S OLUT I ONS P-81

 AX AY Here, RQ ^ PQ and XZ ^ PQ
¹
XB YC or, XZ || YQ
Hence XY is not parallel to BC. 1 \ Similarly,
XY || ZQ
4. A XYQZ is a rectangle. ( ÐPQR = 90°)
1
In DXZQ, Ð1 + Ð2 = 90° ...(i)
and in DPZX, Ð3 + Ð4 = 90° ...(ii)
XQ ^ PR or, Ð2 + Ð3 = 90° ...(iii)
By eqs. (i) and (iii), we get ½
Ð1 = Ð3
B D C
By eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get ½
AD ^ BC \ In DABD, AB = AD + BD2
2 2

BC 2 Ð2 = Ð4
Þ AB2 = AD2 + or 4AB2 = 4AD2 + BC2
4 \
DPZX ~ DXZQ (AA similarity) 1
Þ 3AB2 = 4AD2 PZ
=
XZ
\
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] XZ ZQ

5. R
Thus, XZ2 = PZ × ZQ 1
Hence Proved.
X Y
3 2

4 1
P Z Q
1

qqq

WORKSHEET-93
Solutions AB BC BC × QR 15 × 12
Thus, = Þ PR = =
QR RP AB 18
1. Correct option : (d)
PA 6 = 10 cm.

Explanation : In the given figure, = = 2 and
PB 3
AD AE AD 1.8
PD 5 PA PD 3. = Þ = ½
= = 2 . Thus = and ∠APB = ∠DPC . BD CE 7. 2 5.4
PC 2.5 PB PC
7.2 × 1.8
By SAS similarity, we get DAPB ~ DDPC. Hence, \
AD = = 2.4 cm. ½
5.4
ÐPBA = 100°.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
2. 10 cm.
Detailed Solution :
AB
Explanation : Since, DABC ~ DQRP, we have
QR
2 2
BC AC ar∆ABC  AB   BC 
= = = and = =
RP QP ar∆PQR  QR   RP 
2
 AC 
= 
 QP 
2 2
ar∆ABC  AB  9  18  It is given that DE || BC

Now, =  = = 
ar∆PQR  QR 
  QR  AD AE
4 =

Hence, DB EC
3 18
Þ
+
Putting the values, we get
2 QR AD 1.8
=
Þ QR = 12 cm.

7.2 5.4

P-82 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 1.8 × 7.2 5. F
Þ
AD =
5.4
12.96
Þ AD =
5.4
Þ AD = 2.4 cm. D C
4. Given, AD = 1.5 cm, \ BD = 3 cm and AB = AD + BD
= 1.5 + 3.0 = 4.5 cm.
In triangles, ADE and ABC, E
ÐA is common and DE || BC
Then, ÐADE = ÐABC
ÐAED = ÐACB
(Corresponding angles) 1
A B
\ DADE ~ DABC,(AA similarity) Let the side of the square be 'a' units
\ AC2 = a2 + a2 = 2a2
\
ar ( ∆ADE) AD 2 (1.5 ) = 1
2

= = Þ
AC = 2a units 1
ar ( ∆ABC ) AB 2
( 4.5 )2 9

3 2
ar( ∆ADE) 1 Area of equilateral triangle DBCE= a sq.u ½
or, = 1 4
ar( ∆ABC ) - ar( ∆ADE) 9 -1

Area of equilateral triangle
ar( ∆ADE) 1 3 3 2
\
( 2a )
2
= DACF= = a sq.u 1
ar( trapezium BCED) 8 4 2
1
Area of DBCE= Ar DACF ½
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

S OLUT I ONS P-83


[Topper’s Answer, 2013]

qqq

WORKSHEET-94
Solutions \ PK = 10 2 - 8 2 = 100 - 64

1. Correct option : (b) = 36 = 6 cm.
1
Explanation : In DDEF and DPQR, ÐD = ÐQ and
ÐR = ÐE. By AA similarity, we get DDEF ~ DQRP.
5. DACB ~ DADC (AA similarity)
DE EF DF
Hence, = = . Option (b) is incorrect. AC AD
QR RP QP Þ = ...(1) 1
BC CD
2. 6 m. Also DACB ~ DCDB (AA similarity)
Explanation : By applying pythagoras Theorem, AC CD
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 Þ = ...(2) 1
BC BD
(10)2 = x2 + (8)2
Using equations (1) and (2),
x2 = 100 – 64
AD CD
x2 = 36 = 1
CD BD
C
Þ CD2 = AD × BD
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
m

8m Alternate Solution :
10

Given : In DACB, ÐACB= 90° and CD ^ AB

A B

x = 36
x = 6 m.
CD CE x+3 x
3. = or, = ½
AD BE 2x 2x − 1 
3
or, 5x = 3 or, x = ½
5 To prove : CD2 = BD × AD
Proof : In DCAD, ÐADC = 90°
4. According to the question, Given,
CA2 = CD2+ AD2 ...(i)
ÐQPR = 90°
and In DCDB, ÐCDB = 90°
\ QR2 = QP2 + PR2 1 CB2 = CD2 +BD2 ...(ii)
\
2
PR = 26 - 24 2 On adding eq’s. (i) and (ii), we get
CA2 + CB2 = 2CD2 + AD2 + BD2
= 100 = 10 cm
AB2 = 2CD2 + AD2 + BD2
ÐPKR = 90° (Given) [ Given ÐACB = 90° ÞAB2 = CA2 + CB2]
Þ AB2 – AD2 = BD2 + 2CD2

P-84 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Þ (AB + AD) (AB – AD) = BD2 + 2CD2
Þ BD [AD + AD] = 2CD2
Þ (AB + AD) BD – BD2 = 2CD2
Þ BD × 2AD = 2CD2
Þ BD [(AB +AD) – BD] = 2CD2
Þ CD2 = BD × AD
Þ BD [AD +(AB – BD)] = 2CD2
Hence Proved.

qqq

WORKSHEET-95
Solutions A

1. Correct option : (b)

Explanation : Since DABC ~ DDFE, we have
∠A = ∠D = 30°, ∠B = ∠F = 100°, ∠C = ∠E = 50°,

AB AC BC AC × DF 8 × 7.5
And = = ⇒ DE = = = 12.
  DF DE FE AB 5 B E D C
Draw AE ^ BC
2. 49 : 81 In DABE,
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] AB2 = AE2 + BE2 (Pythagoras theorem)
Detailed Solution : or, AB2 = AD2 – DE2 + (BD – DE)2
= AD2 – DE2 + BD2 + DE2
Given, Perimeter of DABC and DPQR are 35 cm and
– 2BD × DE
45 cm,
\ AB2 = AD2 + BD2 – 2BD × DE ....(i) 1
Since, the ratio of area of the similar triangles is In DAEC, AC2 = AE2 + EC2
square of the scalar factor of similarity, or, AC2 = (AD2 – ED2) + (ED + DC)2
Perimeter of triangle ABC = AD2 – ED2 + ED2 + DC2 +2ED × DC
Scale factor = or, AC2 = AD2 + CD2 + 2ED × CD
Perimeter of triangle PQR
or, AC2 = AD2 + DC2 + 2DC × DE ....(ii) 1
35 7 Adding eqns. (i) & (ii),
= =



Hence,
45 9 AB2 + AC2 = 2(AD2 + BD2) ( BD = DC)
 2
1
=  2 AD 2 + 2  BC  
Area of triangle ABC  2  

= (scale factor)2 
Area of triangle PQR
2 1 2 1
= 2 AD + BC (as BD = BC) 1
 7
2 2 2

=  
 9 Hence Proved.
6. N
49

= .
1,000

81
3. Yes, Two triangles having equal corresponding
sides are congruent and all congruent Ds have equal W O 1,300
E
angles, hence they are similar too. 1

4. In DDEF,
DE = (13)2 − (12 )2 S
Distance covered by first aeroplane due North after
= 169 − 144 = 25 = 5 1 two hours = 500 × 2 = 1,000 km. 1
2 2
Distance covered by second aeroplane due East
ar ∆ABC  AB   3 9
1 after two hours = 650 × 2 = 1,300 km. 1
=   =   =
ar ∆DEF  DE  5 25 Distance between two aeroplanes after 2 hours
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

NE = ON 2 + OE 2 = (1000 )2 + (1300 )2
5. To prove :
= 1000000 + 1690000
1

AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + (BC )2
2 = 2690000 = 1640.12 km 1
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-85

 WORKSHEET-96
Solutions 4. Proof :
In quadrilateral ABCD,
1. Correct option : (c)
AO CO
Explanation : In DABC and DDEF, we have = (Given)
BO DO
AB BC AB BC
= ⇒ = . To be similar of DABC and
DE FD ED DF AO BO
or, = ...(i)
DDEF, we must have ÐB = ÐD.
CO DO
Draw EO || AB on
AD AE ½
2. = and DE || BC D C
DB EC
Þ
ÐADE = ÐABC = 48° ½ O
E
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
3. Draw AC intersecting EF at G.
A B
A B
In DABD, EO || AB (By construction)
G AE BO
E F
\ = (By BPT) ...(ii) 1
ED DO
From eqns. (i) and (ii),
D C AE AO
=
In DCAB, GF || AB ED CO
AG BF AE AO
or, = (By BPT)...(i) 1 In DADC, =
CG FC ED CO

In DADC, EG || DC or, EO || DC (Converse of BPT) 1
AE AG EO || AB (Construction)
or, = (By BPT)...(ii)
ED CG \ AB || DC
From equations (i) and (ii), or, In quad. ABCD, AB || DC 1
AE BF Hence, ABCD is a trapezium.  Hence Proved
= · Hence Proved. 1
ED FC
qqq

WORKSHEET-97
Solutions 2. 6 km
D C

1. ar ∆ ABC AB2
ar ∆PQR
= PQ 2 3 km

2
1 1
= 1
A B
3  =9 4 km E
  2 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1 Given, AE = AB = × 6 = 4 km
3 3
Detailed Solution : In right triangle ADE,
DE2 = (3)2 + (4)2
or, DE2 = 25
\ DE = 5 km. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

[Toppers’ Answer, 2018]

P-86 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 C
3. \
DCAP ~ DFDQ(By AA similarity)
F Hence Proved.
P 4. Given, AB + AD = BC + CD
Q
AD = BC + CD – AB
3 4
2
or, AD = h + d – x 1
1
In rt DACD,
A B D E
(i) Here, DABC ~ DDEF AD2 = AC2 + DC2
\ ÐA = ÐD (corresponding angles) or, (h + d – x)2 = (x + h)2 + d2
and 2 Ð1 = 2 Ð2
or, (h + d – x)2 – (x + h)2 = d2 1
or, Ð1 = Ð2 or, (h + d – x – x – h) (h + d – x + x + h) = d2
Also ÐB = ÐE (corresponding angles) or, (d – 2x) (2h + d) = d2
Since, DAPB ~ DDQE 1 or, 2hd + d2 – 4hx – 2xd = d2
AP AB or, 2hd = 4hx + 2xd
Hence, = 1
DQ DE = 2 (2h + d) x
(ii)
Q DABC ~ DDEF hd
\ ÐA = ÐD or, x = 2
2h + d
and ÐC = ÐF
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Hence, 2 Ð3 = 2 Ð4 or, Ð3 = Ð4 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-98
Solutions ar( DABC ) 9
Þ =
ar( DADE)
1
1. AB = 1 + 2 = 3 cm Hence, the ratio of the ar(DABC) to the ar(DADE) is
DABC ~ DADE ½ 9 : 1.
ar( ABC ) AB 2
9 2. Proof : In DAOB and DCOD,
\ = =
ar( ADE) AD 2
1 AB || CD

D C
\ ar(DABC) : ar(DADE) = 9 : 1 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Detailed Solution : O
Given, AD = 1 cm, BD = 2 cm and DE || BC

A B
\
ÐOAB = ÐDCO and ÐOBA = ÐODC
(Alternate angles) 1
\
DAOB ~ DCOD (AA similarity)
AO BO
\ =
CO DO
In DADE and DABC,
ÐADE = ÐABC (corresponding angle) (Corresponding sides of similar triangles)
ÐA = ÐA (common) AO CO
or = · 1
Therefore, by AA criterion corollary condition BO DO

DADE ~ DABC
Ratio of areas of similar triangles is equal to the ar ( ∆ABC ) AO
3. To prove : = ½
square of the ratio of the corresponding sides, ar ( ∆DBC ) DO

ar( DABC ) AB2 Construction : Draw AE ^ BC and DF ^ BC.
Þ =
ar( DADE) 2
AD
ar( DABC ) ( 3 )2
Þ =
ar( DADE) 2
(1) [AB = AD + BD = 3]

S OLUT I ONS P-87

 A C AO AE
\ = ...(i) 1
F
DO DF
O
1
ar ( ∆ABC ) × BC × AE
= 2
E
Now,
B ar ( ∆DBC ) 1

D
× BC × DF
Proof : ½ 2
In DAOE and DDOF, AE
= ½
ÐAOE = ÐDOF DF

(Vertically opposite angles)
AO
ÐAEO = ÐDFO = 90° (Construction) = [From equation (i)] ½
DO
or, DAOE ~ DDOF (By AA Similarity)
Hence Proved.
qqq

WORKSHEET-99
Solutions A

1. DADE ~ DGBD and DADE ~ DFEC

Þ GBD ~ FEC (AA Criterion)
GD GB
Þ = Þ GD × FE = GB × FC or FG2 = BG
FC FE
× FG [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] B 3x D x C
Detailed Solution : In DADC, 2
AC = AD + CD 2 2
...(ii)
Given, DEFG is a square and (Pythagoras theorem)
ÐBAC = 90° Subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i),
To prove, FG2 = BG × FC AB2 – AC2 = BD2 – CD2 1
Since, DEFG is a square, therefore we can write, 2 2
3  1 
DE = EF = FG = GD or, =  BC  –  BC 
In DAGE and DGDB, 4  4 
2
\ ÐA = ÐGDB = 90° 9 1 BC
or, = BC 2 − BC 2 = 1
ÐAGF = ÐGBD 16 16 2
 (Corresponding angles) \ 2(AB2 – AC2) = BC2

\ By AA similarity, DAGF ~ DGDB...(i) \ 2(AB)2 = 2AC2 + BC2. Hence proved. 1

Now, In DAGF and FCE,
3. Let BD = DE = EC be x
ÐA = ÐFEC = 90°
BE = 2x
ÐAFG = ÐFCE
and BC = 3x
 (Corresponding angles)
\ By AA similarity, ÐAGF ~ ÐFCE...(ii) Now, in DABE,
From (i) and (ii), we get AE2 = AB2 + BE2
DGDB ~ DFCE = AB2 + 4x2, ...(i) 1
Since, corresponding sides of two similar triangles A
are proportional.
GD BG
\ =
FC EF
Þ GD × EF = BG × FC 2
FG2 = BG × FC Hence Proved. E
B x D x x C
2. Given, in DADB, AB2 = AD2 + BD2 ...(i)
In DABC,
(Pythagoras Theorem) AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = AB2 + 9x2
In DADB,
and AD2 = AB2 + BD2 = AB2 + x2 1

P-88 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Now, on multiplying (i) by 8, = 8AB2 + 32x2
2 2 2
8AE = 8AB + 32x ...(ii) = 8 (AB2 + 4x2)
and 3AC2 + 5AD2 = 3(AB2 + 9x2) + 5 (AB2 + x2) 1 \
3AC2 + 5AD2 = 8AE2. [From eqns. (i)]
2 2 2 2
= 3AB + 27x + 5AB + 5x Hence Proved. 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-100
Solutions = 5BC2. Hence Proved. 1
3. Correct Figure ½
1. In DGEQ and DGFS AQ2 = CQ2 + AC2 1
ÐEGQ = ÐFGS (vert. opp. angles)
ÐEQG = ÐFSG (alt. angles)
\ DGEQ ~ DGFS(AA similarity) 1
EQ GQ
or, =
FS GS
or, EQ × GS = GQ × FS. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2. Given, DABC, right angled at A BP2 = CP2 + BC2 ½
and BL and CM are medians. \ AQ2 + BP2 = (CQ2 + CP2) + (AC2 + BC2)
To prove : = PQ2 + AB2. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
4(BL2 + CM2) = 5BC2
Proof : In DABL, Detailed Solution :
BL2 = AB2 + AL2 1
2
 AC 
= AB2 +   (BL is median)
 2 
In DACM, CM2 = AC2 + AM2
2
 AB 
= AC2 +  
 2 
In right angled triangles ACQ and PCB
(CM is median) 1 AQ2 = AC2 + CQ2 ...(i)
AC 2 AB2 and BP2 = PC2 + CB2 ...(ii)
BL2 + CM2 = AB2 + AC2 + +
4 4 Adding eq (i) and eq(ii), we get
or, 2 2 2
4(BL + CM ) = 5AB + 5AC 2 AQ2 + BP2 = (AC2 + CQ2) + (PC2 + CB2)
= 5(AB2 + AC2) or AQ2 + BP2 = (AC2+ CB2) + (PC2 + CQ2)
or AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2 Hence Proved.
qqq

WORKSHEET-101
Solutions PC PB
\ = (By BPT)
CQ
1. In DPQR, CA || PR BR
PC RA 25 15
\ = (By BPT) or, =
CQ AQ 15 BR

PC 20 15 × 15
or, = \
BR = = 9 cm. 1
15 12 25

15 × 20 2. Given, ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
\
PC = = 25 cm 1
12 ar ( ∆ABC )  AB 
2
To Prove : =  
In DPQR, CB || QR ar ( ∆PQR )
 PQ 

S OLUT I ONS P-89

 2 2 2
 BC   AC   AC  1
=   =  
=  
QR   PR   PR 


Construction : Draw AD ^ BC and PE ^ QR. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
A P
3. For correct given, to prove construction. and
figure 4×½=2
For correct Proof 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Detailed Solution :
Given : A triangle ABC in which
B D C Q E R
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Proof : ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR A
Þ ÐA = ÐP, ÐB = ÐQ, ÐC = ÐR and
AB BC AC
= =
PQ QR PR
...(i)
( Similar triangles are equiangular and their
corresponding are proportional) B C
In ∆ADB and ∆PEQ, To Prove : ÐB = 90°
ÐB = ÐQ [From (i)] Construction : Draw DPQR right angled at Q, such
that PQ = AB and QR = BC
ÐADB = ÐPEQ [each 90°]
\ ∆ADB ~ ∆PEQ (AA similarity)
AD AB
or, = ...(ii) 1
PE PQ


(Corresponding sides of similar triangles)
From eqs. (i) and eq. (ii), Proof :
AB BC AC AD In DPQR, ÐQ = 90°
= = = ...(iii)
PQ QR PR PE \ By Pythagoras theorem,

PR2 = PQ2 + QR2
1
ar ( ∆ABC ) × BC × AD Since, PQ = AB and QR = BC
Now = 2
ar ( ∆PQR ) 1 (By construction)
× QR × PE
2 \ PR = AB + BC2
2 2
...(i)

Also, given
 BC   AD 
=   × AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ...(ii)

 QR   PE  From eq (i) & (ii),
BC BC PR2 = AC2
= ×
QR QR Þ PR = AC ...(iii)
Now, in DABC and DPQR
ar ( ∆ABC ) BC 2 AC = PR [From (iii)]
or, = ...(iv) 1
ar ( ∆PQR ) QR 2 AB = PQ (By construction)

BC = QR (By construction)
[from eq. (iii)]
\ DABC @ DPQR (By SSS congruence rule)
From eq (iii) and eq (iv),
Þ ÐB = ÐQ (By cpct)
ar ( ∆ABC )
 AB 
2
 BC 
2
Since, ÐQ = 90° (By construction)
ar ( ∆PQR ) =  PQ  =  QR  \ ÐB = 90° Hence Proved
   
qqq

P-90 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-102
Solutions (i) Triangle 1
(ii) Location of the well be will at the circumcenter of
the triangle. 1
1. DTXN ~ DTCM
A
3. A

M
N
E
C
X B T

TX XN TN
Þ = =
TC CM TM
B C ½
Þ TX × TM = TC × TN ...(i) ½
Given : AB ^ BC
Again, DTBN ~ DTXM
Construction : Draw BE ^ AC ½
TB BN TN
Þ = = To Prove : AB2 + BC2 = AC2 ½
TX XM TM
Proof : In D AEB and DABC
TN × TX ÐA = ÐA (Common)
Þ TM = ...(ii) ½
TB ÐE = ÐB (each 90°)

DAEB ~ DABC(By AA similarity)
Using (ii) in (i), we get AE AB
TN or, =
Þ TX 2 = = TC × TN AB AC
TB
or, AB2 = AE × AC ....(i) ½
Þ TX2 =TC × TB ½ Now, in DCEB and DCBA,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] ÐC = ÐC (Common)
2. Distance from village A to B = 7 km ÐE = ÐB (each 90°)
Distance from village B to C = 5 km DCEB ~ DCBA(By AA similarity)
CE BC
and distance from village C to A = 8 km or, =
A BC AC
or, BC2 = CE × AC ...(ii)
On adding eqns. (i) and (ii),
AB2 + BC2 = AE × AC + CE × AC
or, AB2 + BC2 = AC (AE + CE)
O
or, AB2 + BC2 = AC × AC
\ AB2 + BC2 = AC2 Hence Proved. 2
B C

WORKSHEET-103
1.
P Ð1 = Ð2
Þ PT = PS ....(i) 1
S 1 2 DNSQ ≅ DMTR
T
Þ ÐNQS = ÐMRT
Þ ÐPQR = ÐPRQ
O

Þ PR = PQ ....(ii) 1
PT PS
From (i) and (ii), =
M N
Q R
PR PQ

Also, ÐTPS = ÐRPQ (common)

Þ DPTS ~ DPRQ 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

S OLUT I ONS P-91

 2. A P
ÐP + ÐQ + ÐR = 180° (Given, ÐQ = ÐR)
or, x° + ÐQ + ÐQ = 180°
or, 2ÐQ = 180° – x
180° - x
or, ÐQ = ...(ii)
2
In DABC and DPQR,
ÐA = ÐP [Given]
B D C Q E R ÐB = ÐQ [from eqs. (i) and (ii)]
1 DABC ~ DPQR (AA similarity)
Given : ÐA = ÐP ar ( ∆ABC ) AD 2
ÐB = ÐQ, ÐC = ÐR or, = 1
ar ( ∆PQR ) PE 2

Proof : Let ÐA = ÐP be x
In DABC, 16 AD 2
or, =
ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180° 25
PE2
or, x° + ÐB + ÐB = 180° (ÐB = ÐC given) 4 AD
or, 2ÐB = 180° – x or, =
5 PE
180° - x
or, ÐB = ...(i) 1 AD 4
2 \
= 1
PE 5
Now, in DPQR
qqq

WORKSHEET-104
Solutions ar ( ∆ABC )
or, = 1 1
ar ( ∆PQR )
1. Let, DABC ~ DPQR From equation (i), we have
ar ( ∆ABC )
AB2 BC 2 AC 2 AB2 BC 2 CA 2
\ = = = 1 = = =1
ar ( ∆PQR ) PQ 2
QR 2
PR 2 PQ QR2 2
RP 2

Given ar (DABC) = ar (DPQR) AB BC CA
or, = = = 1 1
AB2 BC 2 AC 2 PQ QR RP
Þ = = 1
PQ 2 QR 2 PR 2
or, AB = PQ,
Þ AB = PQ, BC= QR and AC= PR BC = QR
Þ Therefore, DABC ≅ DPQR 1 and CA = RP
(SSS Congruence Rule) DABC ≅ DPQR (SSS) 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :
2. DAPB ~ DDPC [AA similarity] 1
AP BP
Given : DABC ~ DPQR, = 1
DP PC
and ar DABC = ar DPQR
A P Þ
AP × PC = BP × DP ½

B C Q R
To prove : DABC ≅ DPQR ½
Proof : DABC ~ DPQR (Given) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
3. Given : ABC is a triangle in which DE || BC.
ar ( ∆ABC ) AB2 BC 2 CA 2
or, = = = ...(i) To prove : AD
=
AE
ar ( ∆PQR ) PQ 2
QR 2
RP 2
BD CE
Also ar (DABC) = ar (DPQR) (Given) Construction : Draw DN ^ AE and EM ^ AD, Join
BE and CD.

P-92 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Proof : In DADE, 1
area (DADE) = × AD × EM ...(iv)
A 2
and in DDEB,
M N 1
area (DDEB) = × EM × BD ...(v)
2
D E
Dividing eqn. (iv) by eqn. (v),
1
× AD × EM
area ( ∆ADE) 2
= 1
B C area ( ∆DEB) 1
× BD × EM
area (DADE) = 1 × AE × DN ...(i) 2
2 area ( ∆ADE) AD
In DDEC, or, = ...(vi) 1
area ( ∆DEB) BD
area (DDCE) = 1 × CE × DN ...(ii)
2 DDEB and DDEC lie on the same base DE and
between two parallel lines DE and BC.
Dividing eqn. (i) by eqn. (ii),
\ area (DDEB) = area (DDEC)
1
× AE × DN From equation (iii),
area ( ∆ADE) 2
= area ( ∆ADE) AE
area ( ∆DEC) 1 = ...(vii)
× CE × DN area ( ∆DEB)
2 CE
area ( ∆ADE) AE From equations (vi) and (vii),
or, = ...(iii) 1 AE AD
area ( ∆DEC) CE = · Hence Proved. 1

CE BD
Now, in DADE,
qqq

WORKSHEET-105
Solutions (ii) Similar Triangles. 1
1. (i) Let AB be the vertical tree and AC be its shadow. 2. Given : In DABC and DPQR, AD and PM are their
Also, let DE be the vertical tower and DF be its medians,
shadow. Join BC and EF. Let DE= x. AB AD AC
such that = =
B E
PQ PM PR
To prove : DABC ~ DPQR
12 x Construction : Produce AD to E such that AD = DE
and produce PM to N such that PM = MN. Join CE
and RN.
A C D F A P
8 40
We have AB = 12 m 1 3 2 4
AC = 8 m
and DF = 40 m 1
In DABC and DDEF,
ÐA = ÐD = 90° D M
B CQ R
Since, the sun casts equal angle at the same time
ÐC = ÐF
Therefore by AA criterion of similarity, we have
DABC ~ DDEF
AB AC
or, =
DE DF E N

12 8 Proof : In DABD and DECD,

or, = AD = DE (By construction)
x 40
ÐADB = ÐEDC (VOA)
or, x = 12 × 40 BD = DC (AD is a median)
8 \ DABD @ DECD ½
or, x = 60 m. or, height of tower =60 m. 1 (By SAS congruency)

S OLUT I ONS P-93

 or, AB = CE (By CPCT) ½
\ By SSS similarity,
Similarly, PQ = RN and Ð1 = Ð2
DAEC ~ DPNR
AB AD AC
= = (Given) 1 \ Ð3 = Ð4 (By)
PQ PM PR  Ð1 = Ð2
CE 2 AD AC \ Ð1 + Ð3 = Ð2 + Ð4
or, = =
RN 2 PM PR By SAS similarity,
CE AE AC DABC ~ DPQR. 1
or, = = 1
RN PN PR
qqq

WORKSHEET-106
Solutions \ 5AB2 = 5AC2 + BC2 [Q BC = 5x]
Hence Proved. 1
1. A

2. Draw AE ^ BC
DAEB ≅ DAEC (RHS congruence rule)
A

B D C
Given : AD ^ BC
2DB = 3CD
To prove : 5 AB2 = 5AC2 + BC2 B
D E
C
Proof : Since, 2DB = 3CD 1 1
\ BE = EC =
BC= AB
DB 3 2 2
or, = 1
CD 2 Let, AB = BC = AC = x
or, Let DB be 3x, CD be 2x, so BC = 5x x
Now BE = and DE = BE – BD
In DADB, ÐD = 90° 2
AB2 = AD2 + DB2 x x x
or, AB2 = AD2 + (3x)2 = – = 1
2 3 6
or, AB2 = AD2 + 9x2
Now AB2 = AE2 + BE2 ...(1)
Now 5AB2 = 5AD2 + 45 x2
And AD2 = AE2 + DE2 ...(2)
or, 5AD2 = 5 AB2 – 45x2 ...(i) 1
From (1) and (2), AB2 – AD2 = BE2 – DE2 1
and AC2 = AD2 + CD2
2 2
or, AC2 = AD2 + (2x)2 x x
Þ x2 – AD2 =   –  
or, AC2 = AD2 + 4x2 2 6
or, 5AC2 = 5AD2 + 20x2
x2 x2
or, 5AD2 = 5AC2 – 20x2 ...(ii) 1 Þ AD2 =x2 – +
From equation (i) & (ii), 4 36
5AB2 – 45x2 = 5AC2 – 20x2 28 2
or, 5AB2 = 5AC2 – 20x2 + 45x2 Þ AD2 = x
36
or, 5AB2 = 5AC2 + 25x2
Þ 9AD2 =7AB2. Hence Proved 2
or, 5AB2 = 5AC2 + (5x)2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

P-94 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X



[Topper’s Answer, 2018] 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-107
Solutions AC AD
=
AB AC
1. DACB ~ DADC (AA criterion) ½ 6 3
AC AB =
Þ = AB 6
AD AC
\ AB = 12 cm.
\ AB = 12 cm. ½
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] 2. 2
ar( ∆ ABC)  BC 
=
Detailed Solution : ar( ∆QRP)  RP 

Since ÐCDA = ÐACB[given] 2
9  15 
ÐCAD = ÐCAB[common] Þ = Þ PR=10 cm 1
4  PR 
\ DADC ~ ∆ACB [AA Similarity]
C
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
3. PS = 3 cm, SR = 4 cm and ST || RQ.
PR = PS + SR
m

= 3 + 4 = 7 cm
6c

ar ∆PST PS2 32 9
= = =
ar ∆PQR PR 2 7 2 49
A 3 cm D B

S OLUT I ONS P-95

 Hence, required ratio = 9 : 49. 1 1
and BO = OD = BD 1
4. We have already proved AB2 + BC2 = AC2 in above 2
part now. AC ^ BD [ ABCD is rhombus]
D
To Prove : 4 AB2 = AC2 + BD2
C
Proof : ÐAOB = 90° (Diagonal of rhombus bisect
 each other at right angle)
O AB2 = OA2 + OB2
2 2
 AC   BD 
or, AB2 =   +   1
 2   2 

AC 2 BD 2
A B AB2 = +
Given : ABCD is a rhombus. 1 4 4
Construction : Draw diagonals AC and BD \ 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 1
1 Hence Proved.
\ AO = OC = AC
2
qqq

P-96 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
8 CIRCLES

WORKSHEET-108
Solutions 3. A

1. Correct option : (d) 50°

Explanation : Since, quadrilateral circumscribing a C

O
circle subtends supplementary angles at the centre
of the circle.
\ ÐAOB + ÐCOD = 180°
       125° + ÐCOD = 180° B
      ÐCOD = 180° – 125° = 55° Here, ÐOAB = 90° – 50°
= 40° (Q PA ^ OA)
2.
Perpendicular
ÐOAB = ÐOBA = 40°
Explanation : By using the theorem, the tangent at (Q OA and OB are radii)
any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius \ ÐAOB + 40° + 40° = 180°
through the point of contact. ÐAOB = 180° – 80° = 100°
Therefore, any line drawn from centre to the Hence ÐAOB = 100° 1
tangent it always be perpendicular.
4. PA = PB ½
or, ÐPAB = ÐPBA = 60° ½
\ DPAB is an equilateral triangle. ½
Hence, A B = PA = 5 cm. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

5.

[Topper’s Answer, 2016] 4

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-97

 WORKSHEET-109
Solutions ÐP = ÐQ = 90°
(radius ^ tangent)
1. Correct option : (c)
\ ÐPTQ + 90° + 90° + 60° = 360°
Explanation : Since, the angle between chord and
(angle sum property) ½
tangent is equal to the angle subtended by the same
chord in alternate segment of circle. ÐPTQ = 120° 1
Þ      ÐBAT = 50°. 5. ÐAOQ = 58° (Given)
2. No tangent 1
Explanation : If point P lies inside the circle then no ÐABQ = ÐAOQ
2
tangent will be drawn.
(Angle on the circumference
3. Here, ÐAPB = 50° of the circle by the same arc)
180° - 50° 1
ÐPAB = ÐPBA = = 65° = × 58°
2 2
ÐOAB = 90° – ÐPAB = 29° 1
= 90° – 65° = 25°
ÐBAT = 90° (Q OA ^ AT)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
4. Here, PQ = 6 cm, OP = OQ = 6 cm \
ÐATQ = 90° – 29°
\ PQ = OP = OQ = 61° 1
\ ÐPOQ = 60° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
(angle of equilateral D.) ½

qqq

WORKSHEET-110
Solutions \ ÐQOR = 180° – 50° = 130° ½
From DOQR
1. Correct option : (a)
180° - 130°
Explanation : PQ is tangent and QO is radius at or, ÐOQR = ÐORQ =
contact point Q. 2
\ ÐPQO    = 90° 50°
= 25° = ½
\ By Pythagoras theorem, 2
   PQ2  = OP2 – OQ2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
       = 132 – 52 = 169 – 25 = 144
Þ   PQ = 12 cm
4. Perimeter of DABC = AB + AC + BC
\  ΔOPQ @ ΔOPR[SSS congruence]
\ Area of ΔOPQ = area of ΔOPR = (AX – BX) + (AY – CY)
 [Since, congruent figures are equal in areas] + (BZ + ZC). 1
Area of quadrilateral QORP = 2 area of ΔOPR = AX + AY – BX + BZ
1 + ZC – CY
=2× base × height
2 The tangents of a circle, from an external point are
= RP × OR equal.
= 12 × 5 A
= 60 cm2
2. Equal Z
Explanation : If two tangent are drawn to a circle B C
from an external point, then they subtends Equal X Y
angles at the centre.

3. ÐQPR = Ð50° (Given)

ÐQOR + ÐQPR = 180°
(Supplementary angles)

P-98 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 or, From point B ® BX = BZ From A ® AX = AY Þ OQ = PQ = radius
and from point C ® CZ = CY Thus, OP is the hypotenuse of right angled ∆AOP.
\ P = AX + AY = 2AX 1 AO 1
1 So, In DAOP, sin q = =
or AX = Perimeter of DABC. 1 OP 2
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] q = 30° 1
Hence, ÐAPB = 60°
5. Construction : Join A to B. Now, in DABP,
We have, AP = PB
OP = diameter So, ÐPAB = ÐPBA = 60°
Þ OQ + QP = diameter \ DAPB is an equilateral triangle. 1
Þ Radius + QP = diameter 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]

qqq

WORKSHEET-111
Solutions a+(a + b) +b = 180°
2(a + b) = 180°
1. Correct option : (d) (a + b) = 90°
Explanation : XAY is tangent and AO is radius at
ÐAPB = 90°
contact point A of circle.
B
3. B
C M
D P
r
r = 5 cm O
O
8 cm A
r = 5 cm

OB
X A In OBP, = sin 30° ½
Y
OP
   AO = 5 cm
\ ÐOAY = 90° \ OP = 2r ½
CD is another chord at distance (perpendicular) of 8 [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme Outside Delhi I, II, III
cm from A and CMD || XAY meets AB at M. 2016, 2020]
Join OD.
  OD   = 5 cm 4. Let AB be the diameter of a given circle and let CD
  OM   = 8 – 5 = 3 cm and EF be the tangents drawn to the circle at A and
ÐOMD  = ÐOAY = 90° B respectively.
Now, in right angled ΔOMD AB ^ CD and AB ^ EF 1
C D
  MD2   = OD2 – MO2 A

= 52 – 32 = 25 – 9 = 16
Þ MD  = 4 cm
We know that, Perpendiculars from centre O of O
circle bisect the chord.
\ CD = 2MD
=2×4
= 8 cm. E B F
Hence, length of chord, CD = 8 cm.
2. 90° \ ÐCAB = 90° and ÐABF = 90° ½
Explanation : ÐCAB = ÐABF
A B and ÐABE = ÐBAD ½
a b ÐCAB and ÐABF also ÐABE and ÐBAD are
a b alternate interior angles. 1
P \ CD  EF Hence Proved
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

ÐAPB = a + b
ÐBAP+ÐAPB +ÐBPA = 180°

S OLUT I ONS P-99

 5.
A \ OMCN is a square.
Let OM = r = CM = CN 1
AN = AP, CN = CM and BM = BP
P (tangent from external point)
b
c AN = AP
N O Þ AC – CN = AB – BP 1
b – r = c – BM
b – r = c – (a – r)
C M a
B
1 b – r = c – a + r
Let circle touches CB at M, CA at N and AB at P. \ 2r = a + b – c
a+b-c
Now OM ^ CB and ON ^ AC r = . 1
(radius ^ tangent) 2
OM = ON (radii) Hence Proved.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
CM = CN (Tangents)

qqq

WORKSHEET-112
Solutions ÐBOA = 100°
In DOPA and DOPB we have
1. Correct option : (a) AP = BP (Tangent from same point)
Explanation : OP is radius and PR is tangent at P. OA = OB (Radii)
So,    ÐOPR = 90° OP = OP (Common side)
Þ ÐOPQ + 50°   = 90° DOPB @ DOPA (SSC Congruency)
Þ    ÐOPQ = 90° - 50° ÐPOB =ÐPOA
Þ    ÐOPQ = 40°
1 100 o
In ΔOPQ, ÐPOA = ÐAOB = = 50°
   OP = OQ  [Radii of same circle] 2 2
\ ÐQ = ÐOPQ = 40° 3. It will change into a rhombus or a square. 1
 [Angle opposite to equal sides are equal]
A
But, ÐPOQ     = 180° - ÐP - ÐQ 4.
         = 180° - 40° - 40° = 180° - 80° = 100° x x
Þ   ÐPOQ = 100°.
2. 50° E
Explanation : Given that, PA and PB are tangents F
We know that the radius drawn to the tangents are
perpendicular.
P 6 O 9
3 cm
80°
B C
6 D 9
A
Let AF = AE = x.
\ AB = 6 + x, AC = 9 + x and BC = 15 ½
B O 1
[15 + 6 + x + 9 + x].3 = 54
2
45 + 3x = 54 1
\ OA ^ PA or, x = 3
and OB ^ PA \ AB = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm ½
ÐOBP = 90° and BC = 15 cm.
ÐOAP = 90° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
In AOBP, we have
Sum of all angles = 360°
ÐOAP + ÐAPB + ÐPBO + ÐBOA = 360°
90° + 80° + 90° + ÐPTQ = 360°

P-100 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 5. P
\
ÐTQP = (90° – q)
(Opposite angles of equal sides) 1
Now, ÐTPQ + ÐTQP + ÐPTQ = 180°

T O
Þ 90° – q + 90° – q + ÐPTQ = 180°

Þ
ÐPTQ = 180° – 180° + 2q 1½
Q Þ
ÐPTQ = 2q
Let ÐOPQ be q. Þ
ÐPTQ = 2ÐOPQ. ½
\ ÐTPQ = (90° – q) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
Since TP = TQ (Tangents)

qqq

WORKSHEET-113
Solutions ÐTOQ = 180° – 70° = 110°
1
1. Correct option : (d) (angle of supplementary )
Explanation : Let, OA and PA be the radius and the
tangent, respectively at contact point A of a circle of 1
radius OA = 3 cm. Then, ÐTRQ = ÐTOQ
2
\ ÐPAO = 90°
(angle at the circumference of the circle by same arc)
In right angled ΔPOA,
1
Perpendicular OA = × 110° = 55°. 1
tan 30° = = 2
Base PA
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
1 3
Þ =
3 PA
5. PT = 169 - 25 = 12 cm
Þ PA = 3 3 and TE = OT – OE = 13 – 5
2. One
= 8 cm ½+½

3. Length of Tangent = 2 × 52 - 4 2 ½+½ Let PA = AE = x. (Tangents)

=2 × 3 cm= 6 cm Then, TA2 = TE2 + EA2 1
or, (12 – x)2 = 82 + x2
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
24x = 80
or, x = 3.3 cm. 1
4. T Thus AB = 2 × x = 2 × 3·3
= 6.6 cm. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
R O 70° P

qqq

WORKSHEET-114
Solutions
2 2
     OQ =PQ +OP
2

1. Correct option : (d) (12)2=PQ 2+(5)2

     
Explanation : We know that the radius is 2
perpendicular to tangent    ⇒ 144=PQ +25
In DOPQ, we have ∠P = 90°
⇒ PQ =144 - 25=119
2

By Pythagoras Theorem,
  ⇒ PQ= 119 cm.

S OLUT I ONS P-101

 2.
Points of contact 5. A
In DOQP
3. ÐPOR = ÐOQP + ÐOPQ
(Exterior angle) ½ 1
P
\
ÐOPQ = ÐPOR – ÐOQP
= 120° – 90 D 3 4 O
= 30° ½ 2
4. PA = PB = 4 cm
C 1
(Tangents from external point) ½
Given DA and DC are tangents from point D to a
ÐPAB = 180° – 135° = 45° circle with centre O.
(Supplementary angles)
ÐABP = ÐPAB = 45° Ð1 = Ð2 = 90°
(Opposite angles of equal sides) ½ (radius ^ tangent)
\ ÐAPB = 180° – 45° – 45° Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð4 = 360° 1
= 90° ½ or, 90° + 90° + 50° + Ð4 = 360°
So, DABP is an isosceles right angled triangle. or, Ð4 = 130°
Þ
AB2 = 2AP2 1 \ Reflex Ð4 = 360° – 130° = 230° 1
Þ
AB2 = 32 1 1
ÐAPC = reflex Ð4
Hence, AB = 32 = 4 2 cm 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
(angle subtended at centre)
1
ÐAPC = × 230° = 115° 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq

WORKSHEET-115
Solutions Þ Ð1 + Ð70°  = 90°
Þ     Ð1  = 90° - 70° = 20°
1. Correct option : (d) \     ÐAMO = 90°
Explanation : We know that the radius is Q Perpendicular from centre to chord bisect the chord
perpendicular to tangent \ MA = MB
    ÐQMA = ÐQMB = 90°
In DOPQ, we have ∠P = 90°
     MQ = MQ[Common]
By Pythagoras Theorem, \ ΔQMA @ ΔQMB[SAS congruence]
Þ     ÐA = ÐB
2 2 2
     OQ =PQ +OP Þ     ÐA = 70° [∵ ÐB = 70°]
\ ÐA + ÐAMQ + Ð2 = 180°
(12)2=PQ 2+(5)2  [Angle sum property of a triangle]
     
Þ 70° + 90° + Ð2 = 180°
2
   ⇒ 144=PQ +25 Þ            Ð2 = 180° - 160°
Þ            Ð2 = 20°
⇒ PQ =144 - 25=119
2
\      ÐAQB = Ð1 + Ð2 = 20° + 20° = 40°
3. Two
  ⇒ PQ= 119 cm. 4. Q PM = PN (length of tangents are equal)
 Ð1 = Ð2 (angles opp. to equal sides are equal) 1
2. Correct option : (b)
Q 180° – Ð1 = 180° – Ð2 (linear pair)
Explanation : Given that AB || PQR
Ð3 = Ð4 1
   ÐB   = ÐBQR = 70° [Alternate interior angles]
ÐOQR  = ÐAMQ [Alternate interior angles]
As PQR and OQ are tangent and radius at contact
point Q
\    ÐOQR  = 90°

P-102 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 M ÐAPB = 90° (angle in semi-circle)
3
and ÐODB = 90° (radius is perpendicular to
1 tangent)
P O DABP ~ DOBD
AB AP
2 = 1
4
Þ OB OD
N 26 AP
=
Þ 13 8
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Hence, AP = 16 cm 1
5. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018-19]

A O
B

P 1

qqq

WORKSHEET-116
Solutions AB = 8 cm ^ AM = 4 cm.
1. Correct option : (a)
Explanation : Since DS = DR = 5 cm \
OM = 52 - 4 2 = 3 cm.
 (tangents of a circle from same external point)
Now, AR = AD – DR Let AP = y cm, PM = x cm.
= 23 – 5 = 18 cm \ DOAP is a right angle triangle.

Similarly, AR = AQ = 18 cm (tangents)
\
OP2 = OA2 + AP2
Now, QB = AB – AQ
= 29 – 18 = 11 cm (x + 3)2 = y2 + 25
Similarly, QB = PB = 11 cm Þ
x2 + 9 + 6x = y2 + 25 ...(i) ½
Given, ÐB = 90° 2 2 2
So, ÐPOQ = 90° Also, x + 4 = y ...(ii) ½
Hence, OQBP is square
x + 6x + 9 = x2 + 16 + 25
2

 QB = 11 cm
32 16
\ Side of square = 11 cm, so the radius = 11 cm. 6x = 32 Þ x = i.e. cm
6 3
ÐOPQ = ÐOQP (radius of circle)
2.
256 400
180° − 70° y2 = x2 + 16 = + 16 = 1
= = 55° ½ 9 9
2
\ ÐTPQ = 90° – 55° = 35° ½ 20 2
y = cm or 6 cm 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 3 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
A
3. y
m
4 cm
5c

O P
M

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-103

 WORKSHEET-117
Solutions A

1. Correct option : (b)

Explanation :
AS = AP = 5 cm
BP = BQ, BQ + CQ = BC = 7 cm
BQ = 7 – 3 = 4 cm Þ BP = 4 cm 14 cm
AB = x, AP + BP = x Þ 5 + 4 = x Þ x = 9. R
r
2. PQ = PR = 5 cm ½ Q
and PQ = QS ½ O
\ PS = 2PQ
= 2 × 5 = 10 cm.
C
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] B P 48 cm
3. EA and EC are tangents from point E to the circle 2 2
with centre O1. = 14 + 48 = 2500 = 50 cm ½
EA = EC ...(i) ½ ÐOQB = 90° Þ OPBQ is a square
EB and ED are tangents from point E to circle with BQ = r, QA = 14 – r = AR ½
centre O2.
Again, PB = r,
EB = ED ...(ii) ½
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), PC = 48 – r Þ RC = 48 – r ½
or, EA + EB = EC + ED AR + RC = AC Þ 14 – r + 48 – r = 50
or, AB = CD Hence Proved. 1 r = 6 cm ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
4. AC = AB2 + BC 2

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WORKSHEET-118
Solutions \ ÐPKL = 90° – 30° = 60° 1
1. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

3. G
iven, AB is a chord of circle with centre O and
tangent PB = 24 cm, OP = 26 cm.
O Construction : Join O to B and draw OC ^ AB.
cm 3 cm By Pythagoras theorem,
5
A P B OB =
( 26 )2 - ( 24 )2
= 676 - 576 = 100
Correct option : (c)
= 10 cm 1
Explanation : In DAOP,
Applying Pythagoras Theorem, P
AO2 = OP2 + AP2
(5)2 = (3)2 + (AP)2
cm
AP2 = 25 – 9 26
AP = 16 = 4 = PB 24 cm
O
AB = 4 + 4 = 8 cm. C
2. Here, OK = OL (radii) A 16 cm B
ÐOKL = ÐOLK = 30°
(Opposite angles of equal sides) 1 1

Since ÐOKP = 90° (Tangent)

P-104 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 1 16 A P B
Now, in DOBC, BC =AB = = 8 cm
2 2
(Perpendicular drawn from the centre to a chord
bisects it.)
S Q
4. Let ABCD be the || gm.
\ AB = CD and AD = BC ...(i) ½
AP + PB + DR + CR = AS + BQ + DS + CQ 1
or, AB + CD = AD + BC ½ D R
C
From (i), 2AB = 2AD or AB = AD 1
or, ABCD is a rhombus.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
qqq

WORKSHEET-119
Solutions P

1. Given, ÐQPT = 60°

ÐOPQ = ÐOQP = 90° – 60° = 30°
O
ÐPOQ = 180° – (30° + 30°)
5 20
= 180° – 60° = 120°
1 A M 12 B
ÐPRQ = Reflex ÐPOQ 1
2 24
[Reflex ÐPOQ = 360° –120° = 240°]
1
= × 240°= 120°
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1 \ In rt. DOBP,
OP2 = OB2 + BP2
2. Construction : Join OB. = 132 + 202
In rt. DOMB, = 569
OB2 = 52 + 122 = 132 or, OP = 569 = 23.85 cm. 1
\ OB = 13 cm 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Since OB ^ PB (radius ^ tangent)
3. Given : AP and BP are tangents of circle having centre O. ½
A

–
P O
–

B ½
To Prove : AP = BP ½
Construction : Join OP, AO and BO ½
Proof : DOAP and DOBP
OA = OB (Radius of circle)
OP = OP (Common side)
ÐOAP = ÐOBP = 90° (Radius – tangent angle)
DOAP = DOBP (RHS congruency rule)
AP = BP (CPCT) 1
Hence Proved.

S OLUT I ONS P-105



[Topper’s Answer, 2018] 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-120
Solutions ÐTPR = ÐTQR
(opposite angle of equal sides)
3. In DAOP \ DPTR @ DQTR 1
120° (SAS Congruency)
ÐAOP = = 60° \ PR = QR
2
and ÐPRT = ÐQRT
ÐAPB = 90° (given)
But ÐPRT+ ÐQRT = 180°
AP = BP (Tangents) (as PQ is line segment)
\ ÐOAP = ÐOBP = 90° \ ÐPRT = ÐQRT = 90°
\ ÐAPO + ÐOAP + ÐAOP = 180° Therefore TR or OT is the right bisector of line
or, ÐAPO + 90° + 60° = 180° segment PQ. Hence Proved. 1
or, ÐAPO = 180° – 150° = 30°. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] 3. Given : A circle with centre O is inscribed in a
quadrilateral ABCD.
2. Given : A circle with centre O. Tangents TP and TQ
are drawn from a point T outside a circle. In ∆AEO and ∆AFO,
OE = OF (radii of circle)
P ÐOEA = ÐOFA = 90°
(radius is ^r to tangent)
B
E
T A
R O
8 1
F 7 O2 H
Q 6 3
54
To Prove : OT is the right bisector of line segment
PQ. D G
C
Proof : In D PTR and D QTR The point of contact is perpendicular to the tangent.
TP = TQ OA = OA (common side)
(Tangents of the circle) ∆AEO @ ∆AFO (SAS congruency)
TR = TR (Common) Ð7 = Ð8 ... (i) (CPCT)

P-106 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Similarly,
2 Ð1 + 2 Ð8 + 2 Ð4 + 2 Ð5 = 360°
Ð1 = Ð2 ...(ii)
Ð1 + Ð8 + Ð4 + Ð5 = 180°
Ð3 = Ð4 ...(iii)
(Ð1 + Ð8) + (Ð4 + Ð5) = 180° 4
Ð5 = Ð6 ...(iv)
ÐAOB + ÐCOD = 180°
Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð4 + Ð5 + Ð6 + Ð7 + Ð8 = 360°

Hence Proved.
(angle around a point is 360°)

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WORKSHEET-121
Solutions
1
Þ Ð1 + Ð4 = Ð2 + Ð3 = (180°)
2
1. Construction : Produce AB and CD to meet at P.
A Þ
Ð2 + Ð3 = 90° or ÐAOB = 90° ½

P
O O'
D
C
Now, PA = PC
and PB = PD ½ ½
Tangents to a circle from external point ½ Alternate method :
Now, PA – PB = PC – PD ½ DOAD @ DAOC [SAS]
Þ AB = CD ½
Þ Ð1 = Ð2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
Similarly Ð4 = Ð3 ½
2. Here, AC = CQ But Ð1 + Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð4 = 180° [ PQ || RS]
(Tangents from external point to a circle) 1
Þ Ð2 + Ð3 = Ð1 + Ð4 = (180°) = 90°
2
PA = PC + CA = PC + CQ
(Q CA = CQ) \ In DAOB, ÐAOB = 180° – (Ð2 + Ð3) = 90° ½
P D A Q
Þ 12 = PC + 3
1
Þ PC = 12 – 3 = 9 cm 1 2
PC = PD = 9 cm
\ PC + PD = 9 + 9 = 18 cm 1
O
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
C
3
3. DAOD @ DAOC [SAS] 1 4
Þ Ð1 = Ð2 ½
R E B S ½
Similarly Ð4 = Ð3 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
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S OLUT I ONS P-107

CHAPTER
SECTION

B
9 CONSTRUCTIONS

TOPIC-1
Division of a Line Segment in a Given Ratio
WORKSHEET-122
Solutions ∴
AP = AB – PB = 7 – 3 = 4

1. Correct option : (d) ∴

AP = PB = 4 : 3.
Explanation : Minimum number of the points
marked = sum of ratios = 5 + 7 = 12. 5. P divides AB internally in the ratio 4 : 4 Þ 1 : 1. 1
2. Correct option : (b) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Explanation : We have to divide the line segment
into 7 + 4 = 11 equal parts and 11th part will be 6. The line segment AB is divided in the ratio AP : PB
joined to B, here A12 will never appear. = 2 : (5 – 2) = 2 : 3
3. Correct option : (a) P
Explanation : In the figure, segment AB of given A B
6 cm
length is divided into 2 parts of ratio 5 : 6 in
following steps : [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
(i) Draw a line-segment AB of given length. 7. Steps of construction :
(ii) Draw an acute angle BAX as shown in figure either (i) Draw a line segment AB = 7 cm.
upside or down side. (ii) Draw any ray AX making an acute angle down
(iii) Draw angle ∠ABY = ∠BAX on other side of AX, ward with AB.
that is, down side.
A B
(iv) Divide AX into 5 equal parts by using compass.
P
(v) Divide BX into same distance in 6 equal parts as AX A1
was divided. A2
(vi) Now, join A5 and B6 which meet AB at P. P divides A3
AB in ratio AP : PB = 5 : 6. A4
Y B6 A5
B5 A6
B4
B3 A7
B2 A8

P B1
A B X 1
A1
(iii) Mark the points A1, A2, A3,....., A8 on AX such that
A2
A3 AA1 = A1A2 = A2A3 = ...., A7 A8.
A4 (iv) Join BA8.
A5
X (v) Through the point A3, draw a line parallel to BA8.
To meet AB on P.
4.
4:3
Hence AP : PB = 3 : 5 1

Explanation : Here, AB = 7, PB = 3.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

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P-108 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-123
Solutions (iii) Mark the points A1, A2, A3, .... A10 on AX such that
AA1 = A1A2 = .... = A9 A10.
1.
3:5 (iv) Join BA10.
Explanation : The ratio of division of the line A P B
segment AB by the point P from A is AP : AB = 3 : 5.
2.
5 A1

Explanation : Minimum number of marks A2

A3
= 2 + 3 = 5.
A4
3. Here, AB = 7 , PB = 3 A5
∴
AP = AB – PB = 7 – 3 = 4 A6
A7
∴
AP : PB = 4 : 3
A8
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1 A9
X
A10 1
4. Minimum number of marks = 2 + 3 = 5 1
(v) Through the point A3 draw a line parallel to BA10.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] To meet AB at P
Hence AP : PB = 3 : 7. 1
5. Steps of Construction : [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
(i) Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm.
(ii) Draw any ray AX making an acute angle down
ward with AB.

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TOPIC-2
Tangents to a Circle from a Point Outside It

WORKSHEET-124
Solutions (iv)
With CB as diameter and centre as Q, draw a semi-
circle.
1. Correct option : (d)
Draw PD ⊥ CB, to meet semi-circle at the point D.
(v)
Explanation :
(vi)
Intersect P as centre and PD as radius draw an arc to
interest the circle at T and T’. 1
PT and PT’ are the required tangents.
(vii) Join P to T and P to T’
Hence, PT and PT’ are the required tangents.
D
We know that tangent and radius at contact point
are perpendicular to each other. So, ∠P and ∠Q in
quadrilateral TPOQ formed by tangents and radii T
will be of 90° each. So, the sum of ∠T + ∠O = 180°
as T = 60° [Given]
∴ ∠O = 180° – 60° = 120° Q
B
2. Steps of construction : C P A
(i) Draw a circle of radius 1·5 cm. Take a point P outside
it.
T'
(ii) Through P draw a secant PAB to meet the circle at A 1
and B. 3. Steps of construction :
(iii) Produce AP to C such that PC = PA. Bisect CB at Q. (i) Draw a line segment OP = 8 cm

S OLUT I ONS P-109

 (ii) Taking O as centre and radius 4 cm, draw a circle. 4. Steps of construction :
(iii) Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which (i) Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with O as centre.
intersects the first circle at Q and R. (ii) Draw two radii OA and OB inclined to each other at
(iv) Join P to Q and P to R. an angle of 120°.
On measuring, we get PQ = PR = 5 cm 1 (iii) Draw AP ⊥ OA at A and BP ⊥ OB at B. Which meet
at P.
(iv) PA and PB are the required tangents inclined to
Q each other an angle of 60°. 2
A

O P
S 8 cm O 120° 60° P

R
2
B

2
qqq

WORKSHEET-125
Solutions

1. Steps of Construction : A
P
S
O P
O'
3cm C 2cm
A B
7cm
B

R
Q 2
(vi)
Join AP and BP.
(i) Draw a line segment AB of 7 cm.
∴ AP and BP are required tangents. 1
(ii) Taking A and B as centres draw two circles radii of
3 cm and 2 cm respectively. 3. Correct construction of given circle 1
(iii) Bisect the line AB. Let mid-point of AB be C. Correct construction of two tangents 3
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
(iv) Taking C as centre draw a circle of radius AC which Detailed Solution :
intersects the two circles at point P, Q, R and S.
PQ and PR are the tangents to the given circle. If
(v) Join BP, BQ, AS and AR. they are inclined at 60°, then
Q
BP, BQ and AR, AS are the required tangents. 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2. Steps of construction : 30° S 60°
P O
(i) Draw a circle of radius 4 cm with centre O. 30° 60°
(ii) Draw another circle of radius 6 cm with same centre O.
(iii) Take a point P on second circle and join OP. R
(iv) Draw perpendicular bisector of OP which intersect
OP at O’.
∠QPO = ∠OPR = 30°

Hence, ∠POQ = ∠POR= 60°
(v) Draw a circle with centre O’ which intersects the

Consider DQSO,
inner circle at points A and B.

∠QOS = 60°

OQ = OS (radius)

P-110 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


So, ∠OQS = ∠OSQ = 60° (i) Draw a circle of 3 cm radius and with centre O.

DQSO is an equilateral triangle (ii) Take a points S on circumference of this circle extend

So, QS = SO = QO radius OS to P such that OS = PS.

∠PQS = 90° – ∠OQS = 90° – 60° = 30° (iii) Midpoint of OP is S. Draw a circle with radius OS

∠QPS = 30° and centre as S.

PS = SQ (Isosceles triangle) (iv) Let it intersect the circle at Q and R. Join PQ and PR.

Hence, PS = SQ = OS (radius) PQ and PR are required tangent.

Now the tangents to the given circle can be drawn as
follow :
qqq

WORKSHEET-126
Solutions Detailed Solution :
1. Steps of construction : Steps of construction :
(i) Construct a line segment AB = 8 cm. 1
(ii) With A as centre and radius 4 cm draw a circle. A
(iii) With B as centre and radius 3 cm draw another
circle.
(iv) Taking AB as diameter draw another circle. Which O
O'
P
intersects first two circles at P and Q, and R and S. 1
(v) Join B to P, B to Q, A to R and A to S. B
Hence BP, BQ, AR and AS are the required tangents.
L

P
R
(i) Draw a circle with radius 3 cm and centre O. 1
(ii) Draw another circle with radius 5 cm and same
centre O.
A 8 cm X B (iii) Take a point P on the circumference of larger circle
and join O to P.
S (iv) Taking OP as diameter draw another circle which
Q
intersects the smaller circle at A and B. 1
Z 2 (v) Join A to P and B to P.
2. Constructing two concentric circle of radii 2 cm Hence AP and BP are the required tangents. 2
and 5 cm 1 Measure PA = 5 2 - 2 2 = 21 =4.6 cm
Drawing two tangents PA and PB 2
PA = 4.5 cm (approx) 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

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TOPIC-3
Construction of a Triangle Similar to a Given Triangle

WORKSHEET-127
Solutions 2.
Given triangle is smaller than the constructed
triangle. 1
1. Correct option : (c)
3 3. Steps of construction :
Explanation : Here, ratio is < 1, so resultant figure
7 (i)
Draw a line segment BC = 5 cm.
will be smaller than original so, last 7th part is to be (ii) With B as centre and radius = AB = 4 cm, draw an
joined to C; So, that parallel line from third part of arc.
BX meet on BC without producing.

S OLUT I ONS P-111

 (iii)
With C as centre and radius = AC = 6 cm, draw 4. Steps of construction :
another arc, intersecting the arc drawn in step 2 at (i) Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm.
the point A. (ii) Construct AM⊥ BC.
Join AB and AC to obtain DABC.
(iv) (iii) Taking C as centre and radius as 10 cm, draw an
Below BC, make an acute angle ∠CBX.
(v) arc that intersects the ray BM at A.
(iv) Join CA to obtain ∆ ABC.
(vi) Along BX mark off three points B1, B2, B3 such that
BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3. (v) Below BC, make an acute angle CBX.
(vi) Along BX mark off 5 points B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 such
(vii) Join B3C.
that BB1 = B1B2 = B2 B3 = ......... = B4 B5.
(viii) From B2, draw B2C’  B3C.
M
(ix) From C’, draw C’A’  CA, meeting BA at the point A
A’. A'
Then A’BC’ is the required triangle. 1
A
10 cm

A'
B C
8 cm C'
B1
B2
B C' B3
C B4
B1 B5
X 2
B2
(vii) Join B5C.
B3 (viii) From B4, Draw B4C’  B5C.
X (ix) From the point C’ draw C’A’  CA meeting BA at
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2014] 1 point A’.
Hence A’ BC’ is the required triangle. 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
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WORKSHEET-128
Solutions (iv) Join PQ and PR to obtain DPQR.
(v) Below QR, construct an acute ∠RQX.
1. Correct option : (b) (vi) Along QX, mark off seven points Q1, Q2, …… Q7
Explanation : To construct a triangle similar to a given such that QQ1 = Q1Q2 = Q2Q3 = …… = Q6Q7.
8
triangle ABC with its sides of the corresponding P
5
sides of ΔABC, the minimum number of parts in
P'

which BX is divided in 8 equal parts.

2. Two triangles are said to be similar when their
5c
m
5c

corresponding sides are proportional or angles are

equal. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1

3. Steps of construction : 5 cm
Q
(i) Draw a line segment QR = 5 cm. R'
R

(ii) With Q as centre and radius = PQ = 5 cm, draw an Q1

Q2
arc. Q3
(iii) With R as centre and radius = PR = 5 cm, draw Q4
another arc meeting the arc drawn in step 2 at the Q5
point P. Q6
Q7
X

P-112 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 (vii) Join Q7R.
(viii) Draw Q6R’ || Q7R.
(ix) From R’ draw R’P’ || RP.
Hence, P’QR’ is the required triangle. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme 2014] 1

4. Steps of construction :
(i) Draw a line segment PR of length 13·5 cm. A
(ii) At the point P draw a ray PQ making an acute
angle RPQ with PR.
(iii) On PQ mark (2 + 3 + 4) a points P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, 1
P6,  P7, P8, P9 such that PP1 = P1P2 = P2P3 = P3P4 = [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012, 11]
P4P5 = P5P6 = P6P7 = P7P8 = P8P9. Detailed Solution :
(iv) Join P9R.
(v) Through P2 and P5 draw lines P2A and P5B
respectively parallel to P9R intersecting PR at A
and B respectively.
(vi) With A as centre and radius AP draw an arc. 2
(vii) With B as centre and radius BR draw another arc to
intersect first arc.
(viii) Join A to C and B to C.
ABC is the required triangle.

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WORKSHEET-129
Solutions Thus, AB’C’D’ is a rhombus. 2
D C
3
1. Scale factor = [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
4 D' C'

2. The steps of construction :

(i) The rhombus ABCD is drawn in which AB = 4 cm
and ∠ABC = 60°. A
B'
B
(ii) Join AC. ABCD is divided into two triangles ABC
and ADC. A1

(iii)
Construct triangle AB'C' similar to ABC with scale A2
2 A3
factor . 1
3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012,]
(iv) Draw the line segment C'D' parallel to CD.
It can be observed that : 3. Steps of Constructions :
AB' 2 AC' (i) Draw a line segment BC = 6 cm.
= =
AB 3 AC (ii) Draw a perpendicular bisector of BC which
AC' C'D' intersects the line BC at Q.
Also, = (iii) Mark A on the line such that OA = 4 cm.
AC CD

(iv) Join A to B and C.
AD' 2 (v) Draw a ray BX making an acute angle with BC.
= =
AD 3 (vi) Mark four points B1, B2, B3 and B4 on the ray BX.
Such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4.
2
Therefore, AB' = B'C' = C'D' = AD' = AB. (vii) Join B4C. Draw a line parallel to B4C through B3
3 intersecting line segment BC at C’.

S OLUT I ONS P-113

 A (viii) Draw C’A’ || CA from point C’
Hence ∆ A’BC’ is the required triangle. 2
A' [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

4 cm

Q C'
B C
6 cm
B1
B2
B3
B4

X 2

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WORKSHEET-130
Solutions (vi) Mark B1, B2, B3 , B4 on BY such that BB1 = B1B2 =
B2B3 = B3B4.
1. Triangle PQR is smaller to triangle ABC. 1 (vii) Join B4 to C.
(Reduced scale factor figures are smaller in size) (viii) Draw a line segment B3C’ || to B4C to meet BC at C’.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] (ix) Draw line segment C’A’ || to CA to meet AB at A’
A’BC’ is the required triangle. 2
2. Steps of Construction : [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

3. Correct construction of DABC 1

Correct construction of similar triangle. 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :
Steps of Construction :
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm.
(ii) With B as a centre and radius 6 cm, draw an arc.
(iii) With C as a centre and radius 9 cm, draw an other
arc meeting the arc drawn in step 2 at the point A.
(iv) Join AB and AC to obtain DABC.
(v) Below BC make an acute angle ∠CBX.
(vi) Along BX mark off five points B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 such
that
BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4 = B4B5.
2 (vii) Join B5C
(i) Draw a line segment BC = 8 cm. (viii) From B3 draw B3C’ || B5C
(ii) Draw line segment BX making an angle of 90° at (ix) From C’, draw C’A’ || CA meeting BA at the point
the point B of BC. A’.
(iii) From B mark an arc on BX at a distance of 6 cm, Let Hence A’B’C’ in the required triangle. 3
it is A.
(iv) Join A to C.
(v) Making an acute angle draw a line segment BY
from B.

P-114 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 A

A’ 9c
m
6 cm

B 8 cm C
C’

B1

B2
B3
B4
B5
X 1

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WORKSHEET-131
Solutions (iii) With C as construct an angle of 30°.
(a) With C as centre draw an arc with same
1. Correct construction of DABC 1 convenient radius which cuts BC at K.
Correct construction of triangle similar to DABC 3 (b) With K as centre and with the same radius
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] as above (step a) draw an arc which cuts the
previous arc at point L.
Detailed Solution : (c) With K and L as centres and with radius more
Given, side BC is 6 cm, ÐB is 45°, ÐA = 105°. than half of length of KL, draw arcs which
As the sum of angles in a triangle is 180°. intersect at M.
ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180° (d) Join CM which makes an angle of 30° with the
105° + 45° + ÐC = 180° line BC. Extend BJ and CM to join at point A.
150° + ÐC = 180° This is the required triangle DABC.
ÐC = 30°
Steps of Construction : 2. Construction an equilateral triangle of side 5 cm 1
(i) Draw a line BC of length 6 cm. Construction another similar D with scale factor
(ii) With B as centre construct an angle of 45°. 2
. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 3
(a) With B as centre draw an arc of any convenient 3
radius which cuts the line BC at D.
(b) With D as centre and with the same radius Detailed Solution :
as above (step a) draw an arc which cuts the Steps of Construction :
previous arc at point E. (i) Draw a line segment BC = 5 cm.
(c) With E as centre and with the same radius as (ii) With B as a centre and radius BC = 5 cm, draw
above (step a) draw an are which cuts the another arc.
previous arc at point F. (iii) With C as a centre and radius AC = 5 cm, draw
(d) With E and F as centres and with radius more another arc meeting the arc drawn in step 2 at the
than half the length of EF, draw two arcs which point A.
intersect at G. A
(e) The line BG makes 90° angle with the line BC.
(f) With B as centre and with same convenient A' 60°
5 cm
radius draw an arc which cuts BF abd BC at H
m
5c

and I.
(g) With H and I as centres and with radius more B 5 cm C' C
than half the length of HI, draw two arcs which
B1
intersect at J. B2
(h) Join BJ, which is the line which makes a 45° B3
angle with line BC.

S OLUT I ONS P-115

 (iv) Join AB and AC to obtain DABC. (vii) Join B3C
(v) Below BC, construct an acute angle ∠CBX. (viii) From B2C’ || B3C
(vi) Along BX mark off 3 points B1, B2, B3 such that (ix) From C’, draw C’A’ || CA.
BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3. Hence A’BC’ in the required triangle. 4
qqq

WORKSHEET-132
Solutions 2. Construction of DPQR ~ DABC.
3
As sides of DPQR are
times corresponding sides
1. Correct construction of given triangle. 1 4
Correct construction of similar D with scale factor of DABC.
3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020] 3 3 3
4 ∴ QR = × BC = × 6.5 = 4.875
4 4
Detailed Solution : Angles of similar triangle are equal.
1. Construction of DABC. ∴ ÐQ = 30°
We know that, sum of angle of triangle is 180° ∴ ÐR = 45°
∴ ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180° Step- (i) : Draw segment QR of length 4.875 cm.
∴ 105° + 30°+ ÐC = 180° Step- (ii) : Draw a vector RR’ at an angle of 45° at R.
∴ 135° + ÐC = 180°
Step- (iii) : Draw a vector QQ’ at an angle of 30° at Q.
∴ ÐC = 45°
Step- (iv) : Take a point of intersection of QQ’ and RR’
Step- (i) : Draw line segment BC of length 6.5 cm.
and label it as P.
Step- (ii) : Draw a vector CC’ at an angle of 45° at C. R'
Step- (iii) : Draw a vector BB’ at an angle of 30° at B.
Q'
Step- (iv) : Take point of intersection of BB’ and CC’ and
label it as A.
P
C' B'

A
Q 30° 45° R
30° 45° 4.875
B C
6.5

2. Correct construction of DABC 2

Correct construction of similar to DABC 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

[Topper’s Answer, 2018]

qqq
P-116 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X
CHAPTER
section

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
10
B AND TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Topic-1
Trigonometric Ratios and Complementary Angles
Worksheet-133
Solutions 1
3× +3+ 2 −1
= 3
1. Correct option : (b)
4 1
Explanation : Given, cos A =
5 = 1 + 3 + 2 – 1 = 5 1
∵ sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
∴ sin A = 1 − cos2 A  
∴ sin A = 1 − cos2 A 
5. Here, AC2 = (8)2 + (6)2 = 100
2
 4 16 9 3 or, AC = 10
sin A = 1 −   = 1 − = =
 5 25 25 5 C

3
sin A 5 3 8
Now, tan A = = =
cos A 4 4
5 A 6 B
1
2. 8 6
2
\ sin A = , cos A = 1
10 10 

Explanation : Given sinq – cosq = 0
Þ
sin q = cos q 6 8
and sin C = , cos C = 1
sin θ 10 10 
Þ
= 1
sin θ \ sin A cos C + cos A sin C

Þ tan q = 1
8 8 6 6
Þ tan q = tan 45° × + × =
q = 45° 10 10 10 10
  Now, sin4q + cos4q = sin445° + cos445° 64 36 100
= + = = 1. 1
4 4 100 100 100
 1   1  1 1 2 1
=     = + = = . [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
 2  2 4 4 4 2

6. tan2 30° sin 30° + cos 60° sin2 90° tan2 60° – 2 tan 45°
3. Given, sec q.sin q = 0
cos2 0° sin 90°
sin θ 2
or, = 0  1  1 1
( 3)
2
× + × (1) ×
2
cos θ =  − 2 × 1 × 12 × 1
 3  2 2
or, tan q = 0 = tan 0°
1 1 1
\ q = 0° 1 =   × 1 × 3 – 2 × 1 × 1 × 1.
3 2 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
1 3 1 + 9 - 12
2 2 = + -2 =
4. 3 tan 30  tan 60  co sec 30  tan 45 6 2 6
cot 2 45 2 1
= - =- [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 4
 1 
2
6 3
3× + ( 3 )2 + 2 − 1
 3 
= 1
(1)2 
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-117

 WORKSHEET-134
Solutions 5. Here, sin (A + B) = 1 = sin 90°
1. Correct option : (b) or, A + B = 90° ...(i)
Explanation :cosec (75° + θ) – sec (15° – θ) – tan (55° 1
sin (A – B) = = sin 30° 1
+ θ) + cot (35° – θ) 2
= cosec[90° − (15° − θ)] − sec(15° − θ) − tan( 55° + θ) or, A – B = 30° ...(ii)
+ cot[90° − ( 55° + θ)] Solving eq. (i) and (ii),
= sec(15° − θ) − sec(15° − θ) − tan( 55° + θ) A = 60° and B = 30° 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
+ tan( 55° + θ)
=0 6. P
2. 0
Explanation : sin (45° + q) – cos (45° – q )
= sin (45° + q) – cos [90° – (45° – q )]
= sin (45° + q) – sin (45° + q )
=0 41 cm
40 cm
sin 25° tan 23° = sin 25° tan 23°
3. + +
cos65° cot 67° sin( 90° - 25° ) tan( 90° - 23°)
= 1 + 1 = 2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Q 9 cm R
4. (a)  False, the value of tan 90° is greater than 1.
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
12 5 (By Pythagoras theorem)
(b) True, sec A = = cos A = as 12 is the hypotenuse
5 12 or, PQ2 + 92 = PR2
which is the largest side of triangle. or, PQ2 + 81 = (PQ + 1)2
or, PQ2 + 81 = PQ2 + 1 + 2PQ
(c) False, cos A is the abbreviation used for cosine of ÐA.
or, PQ = 40
(d) False, cot A is not the product of cot and A. It is the PR – PQ = 1 (Given)
cotangent of ÐA. or, PR = 1 + 40
or, PR = 41
(e) False, in a right-angled triangle, hypotenuse is 40 9 49
always greater than the remaining two sides. \ sin R + cos R = + = 3
41 41 41
Therefore, such value of sin θ is not possible.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq

WORKSHEET-135
Solutions 4. A

1. Correct option : (b)

Explanation : cos (a + b) = 0
cos(a + b)   = cos 90°
    a + b = 90°
        a = 90° – b
   sin (a – b) = sin (90° – b – b)
           = sin (90° – 2b)
           = cos 2b
B
D
C
2. 0° Let a triangle ABC with each side equal to 2a. ½
Explanation : As sin 2A = sin 0° = 0
ÐA = ÐB = ÐC = 60°
2sin A = 2 sin 0° = (2)0 = 0.
Draw AD perpendicular to BC
3. sin (90° – 2A) = sin (A – 15°)
or, 90° – 2 A = A – 15° DBDA @ DCDA by RHS ½
or, 3 A = 105° BD = CD
\ A = 35° 1 ÐBAD = ÐCAD = 30° by CPCT
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

P-118 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 AB 2 a 1
In DBDA, cosec 30° = = =2 ½ or, cot q =
3 or cot q =
BD a 3

BD a 1 \
q = 30° or q = 60°
and cos 60° = = = ½
AB 2 a 2 If q = 30°, then
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2
 1 
Let cot q = x, cot2 30° + tan2 30° = ( 3 )2 + 
5.
 3 
then 3 cot2 q – 4 cot q + 3 = 0 becomes 1 10
= 3 + = 1
2
3 x – 4x + 3 = 0 1 3 3

2

or, 3 x2 – 3x – x + 3 =0  1 
If q = 60°, then cot2 60° + tan2 60° =  + ( 3 )2
 3 
or, (x – 3 )( 3 x – 1) = 0
1 1 10
\
x = 3 or 1 = +3= 1
3 3
3

qqq

WORKSHEET-136
Solutions            = sin 90° = 1
1. Correct option : (b) RHS sin A + sin B = sin 30° + sin 60°
Explanation : (tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ... tan 89°) 1 3 1+ 3
= (tan 1° tan 89°)(tan 2° tan 88°)(tan 3° tan 87°) = + =
2 2 2
...(tan 45° tan 45°)
Clearly, sin ( A + B) ≠ sin A + sin B
= [tan 1° tan (90° − 1)][tan 2° tan (90° − 2)] [tan 3°
tan (90° − 3)] ... [ tan 45° tan (90° − 45°)] (b) True, the value of sin θ increases as θ increases in
= tan 1° cot 1° tan 2° cot 2° tan 3° cot 3° ...tan 45° the interval of 0˚< θ < 90˚.
(c) False, the value of cos θ decreases as θ increases in
cot 45°
the interval of 0˚< θ < 90˚.
1 1 1
= tan 1° × tan 2°. tan 3°. (d) False, it is true when θ=45˚not for all other values
tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° of θ.
tan 45°
... (e) True, cot A is not defined for A = 0˚
tan 45°
5. Given : 4 cos q = 11 sin q
= 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 1....1 ⋅ 1
11
= 1 or, cos q =
4
sin q
1
2. 11
3 11 × sin θ - 7 sin θ
11 cos θ - 7 sin θ 4

Explanation : tan q = 3 Now, = 11
1
11 cos θ +7 sin θ 11 × sin θ + 7 sin θ
1 1 4
=
tan q 3
 121 
1 sin θ  - 7
cot q =  4 
3 =
sin θ  121 + 7
3. tan (3x + 30°) = 1 = tan 45°  4 
or, 3x + 30° = 45° or, x = 5° 1 121 - 28 93
= = · 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 121 + 28 149
6.  sec (90° – q) = cosec q,
4. (a)  False, sin ( A + B) = sin A + sin B
tan (90° – q) = cot q,
Let, A = 30° and B = 60° cot (90° – q) = tan q,
cosec (90° – q) = sec q 1
LHS sin ( A + B) = sin (30° + 60°)

S OLUT I ONS P-119

 Hence,
cos2 ( 45o + q) + cos2 ( 45 − q)
sin θ sec (90° - θ )tan θ tan (90° - θ ) 7. +(cot 30° + sin 90°)
- tan( 60 o + q) × tan( 30 o − q)
cosec (90° - θ)cos θ cot (90° - θ) cot θ
sin θ cosec θ tan θ cot θ × (tan 60° – sec 0°)
= - 1
sec θ cos θ tan θ cot θ 2 o 2
cos ( 45 + q) + sin ( 45 + q)
= + ( 3 + 1) × ( 3 - 1) 2
1 tan( 60 o + q) × cot( 60 o + q)
×tan θ sin θ ×
sin θ - 1 = 1 – 1 = 0 1
= 1 = 1 + 2 = 3 [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] 1
×cos θ tan θ
cos θ

qqq

WORKSHEET-137
Solutions 3 4
4× - +1
 4 sin θ − cos θ + 1  5 5
1. Correct option : (c) \   = 1
 4 sin θ + cos θ − 1  3 4
Explanation : cos 9a = sin a 4× + -1
5 5
cos 9a = cos (90° – a)
On comparing both sides, we have 13
   9a = 90° – a 1 =
10a = 90° 11
      a = 9° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
\ tan 5a = tan 5 × 9° = tan 45° = 1
3 3
2. 6. Given, sin (A + 2B) = Þ A + 2B = 60° 1
2 2 2
Explanation : 3 cos q = 1
Þ cos(A + 4B) = 0, Þ A + 4B = 90°
1
Solving, we get A = 30° and B = 15° ½+½
3
8 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

1 cos 65° cos 65°
7. =
1 sin 25° sin( 90° - 65°)
cos q =
3
cos 65°
3 = = 1, 1
cosec q = cos 65°
8
tan 20° tan( 90° - 70°)
3 =

i.e., cosec q = cot 70° cot 70°
2 2
cot 70°
3. cos q decreases from 1 to 0. 1 = =1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] cot 70°
and sin 90° = 1
4. cos 68° + tan 76° = cos (90° – 22°) + tan (90° – 14°) 1
tan 5°tan 35°tan 60°tan 55°tan 85°
= sin 22° + cot 14°, 1 = tan (90° – 85°) tan (90° – 55°)
[ Q cos (90° – q) = sin q and tan (90° – q) = cot q ] tan 55°tan 60°tan 85°. 1
= cot 85°tan 85°cot 55°tan 55° . 3
5. Given, 4 tanq = 3
3 = 1 × 1 × 3 = 3
Þ tanq =
4 \ Given expression = 1 – 1 – 1 +
3
3 4 = 3 – 1. 1
Þ sinq = and cosq = ½
5 5 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

qqq

P-120 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-138
Solutions Sum of three angles = 180°
Sol. Correct option : (d) not defined i.e, ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180°
Explanation : We know that, in ABC ÐA + ÐB + 90° = 180°
A ÐA + ÐB = 180° – 90°
A + B = 90°
Now sec(A + B) = sec 90°
sec(A + B) = ¥ (not defined)
B C
Q cos 67° = cos (90° – 23°) = sin2 23°
2. 2 2

\ sin2 23° – sin2 23° = 0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1

Detailed Solution :

[Topper’s Answer 2018]

or, cos q – sin q = 2 sin θ . Hence Proved. 1

3. Given, sin q = cos q q = 45°
1 5 6. We have
2tan q + cos2 q = 2 + =
2 2 1
sin (A + B – C ) = = sin 30°
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 2

or, A + B – C = 30° ...(i) 1

4. sin 30° cos 60° + cos 30° sin 60°
1 1 3 3
1
× + ×
and cos ( B + C – A ) = = cos 45°
= 1 2
2 2 2 2 
1 3 or, B + C – A = 45° ...(ii) 1
= +
4 4 Adding eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
4 2B = 75°
= = 1 1
4 or, B = 37.5°
It is equal to sin 90° = 1 but not equal to cos 90° as Now subtracting eqn. (ii) from eqn. (i),
cos 90° = 0. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
2(A – C) = + 15°
5. Given, cos q + sin q = 2 cos q
or, A – C = 7.5° ...(iii)
or, sin q = cos q( 2 – 1)
 A + B + C = 180° 1

cos θ ( 2 - 1) ( 2 +1) or, A + C = 142.5° ...(iv)

or, sin q = 1 Adding eqns. (iii) and (iv),
( 2 +1)
2A = 150°
cos θ (2 - 1)
or, sin q = or, A = 75°
2 +1

and C = 67.5°
or,
( 2 + 1)sin q = cos q 1 Hence, ÐA = 75°, ÐB = 37.5° and ÐC = 67.5° 1
or,
2 sin θ + sin q = cos q

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-121

 WORKSHEET-139
Solutions 4. tan 2A = cot(90° – 2A) ½
1. Correct option : (d) 90° – 2A = A – 24° ½
1 Þ
A = 38°
Explanation : Given, sin a = = sin 30° [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
2

 1 Detailed Solution :
Qsin 30° = 2 
Given tan 2A = cot (A – 24°)
 

⇒ α = 30°  Þ
cot (90° – 2A) = cot (A – 24°) ½
1 [ \ tan q = cot (90° – q)]
And, cos β = = cos 60°
2
On comparing angles, we get
⇒ β = 60°
∴ α + β = 30° + 60° = 90°
90° – 2A = A – 24°

 1 \ 3A = 90° + 24°
Qcos 60° = 2  \ 3A = 114°
 
2. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : Given expression, 114 o
\ A = = 38°½
sin 2 22° + sin 2 68° 3
2 2
+ sin 2 63° + cos 63° sin 27°
cos 22° + cos 68° Hence, angle A = 38°.
sin 2 22° + sin 2 (90° − 22°)
= + sin 2 63° 5. Here 3 sin q – cos q = 0 and 0° < q < 90°
cos2 (90° − 68°) + cos2 68°


or, 3 sin q = cos q
+ cos 63° sin(90° − 63°)
sin θ 1
2 2 or, = 1
sin 22° + cos 22° cos θ 3
= 2 2
+ sin 2 63° + cos 63° ⋅ cos 63°
cos 68° + sin 68° 1
or, tan q =

Qsin(90° − θ) = cos θ and cos(90° − θ) = sin θ 3

1  sin θ 
= + (sin 2 63° + cos2 63°) = tan 30° Qtan θ = cos θ 
1  [Q sin 2 θ + cos2 θ = 1]  

= 1+1 = 2 \ q = 30°. 1
3. Correct option : (c) 6. In DABC, ÐC = 90° (Angle in a semi-circle)
Explanation : Given, 4 tan q = 3 BC 2
tan A = = ½
3 ...(i) AC 3
⇒ tan θ =
4
AC 3
sin θ and tan B = = ½
4 θ in 
− 1  Divided by cosθ BC 2
4 sin θ − cos θ  
∴ = cos θ both numerator and 
4 sin θ + cos θ 4 sin θ + 1  \

2 3
tan A.tan B = × = 1. 1
denominator 
cos θ 3 2
4 tan θ − 1  sin θ  7. A + B + C = 180°
=
4 tan θ + 1  Qtan θ = cos θ 
  A+B C
= 90° – 1
 3 2 2
4  − 1  3 
 4 3−1 2 1  Put tan θ = 4  A+B C
=
 3
= = =
3+1 4 2   cosec  

= cosec  90° -  = sec
C
1
4  + 1 from equation (i)  2   2 2
 
4  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
qqq

P-122 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 TOPIC-2
Trigonometric Identities

WORKSHEET-140
Solutions AC2 = AB2 – BC2
AC = b 2 − a 2 k
1. Correct option : (b)
b a
Explanation : cosec q = , cot q =
2 2
2 2
9 sec 2 A − 9 tan 2 A = 9(sec A − tan A ) b -a b - a2
2

= 9 (1) [ sec2 A – tan2A = 1] b+a b+a

cosec q + cot q = =
3
=9 b -a 2 2 b-a

2.
4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2 2

Explanation : 4(tan A – sec A)
6. LHS = (cot q – cosec q)2
= 4 × 1 [ tan2A – sec2A = 1] 2
 cos θ 1 
= 4. =  -
 sin θ sin θ 
1 + tan 2 A 2
3. 2
= 1 + tan A  cos θ - 1 
2
1 + cot A 1 = 
1+ 
 sin θ 
2
tan A
tan 2 A(1 + tan 2 A ) (1 - cos θ)2
= = (Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1)
(tan 2 A + 1) sin 2 θ

= tan2A (1 - cos θ)2
=
(1 - cos2 θ)
1 1
4. sec A = = 1
cos A 1 - sin 2 A (1 - cos θ)(1 - cos θ)
=
(1 - cos θ)(1 + cos θ)
sin A sin A
and tan A = = 1
cos A 1 - sin 2 A 1 - cos θ
=
1 + cos θ
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= RHS Hence Proved. 3
5. A [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
x2 y2
7. (i) 2
= sec2 q, = tan2q
bk a b2
b2 – a2
x2 y2
k
or, - = sec2 q – tan2 q = 1.

a2 b2

B
ak C \ b2x2 – a2y2 = a2b2 2
2 2
a x y

Given, cos q = (ii) = cosec2 q, = cot2 q
b a2 b2
x2 y2
or, - = cosec2 q – cot2q = 1
a2 b2
\ b2x2 – a2y2 = a2b2 2
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-123

 WORKSHEET-141
Solutions (sin 2 θ + cos2 θ)2 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ
=
1. Correct option : (c) 1 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ

Explanation : (1 + tan θ + sec θ)(1 + cot θ − cosecθ) 1 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ

= = 1 = RHS 2
 sin θ 1   cos θ 1  1 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ
= 1 + +  1 + sin θ − sin θ 
 cos θ cos θ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
 cosθ+sinθ+1   sinθ+cosθ − 1 
=    LHS = sin2 q + cosec2 q +2sin q cosec q + cos2 q +
5.
 cosθ sinθ
sec2 q + 2 cos q sec q 1
(sin θ + cos θ)2 − (1)2 = (sin q + cos q) + cosec2 q + sec2 q
2 2
=
sin θ cos θ 2 sin θ cos θ
+ +2
sin 2θ+cos2θ+2sinθcosθ − 1 sin θ cos θ
=
sinθcosθ = 1 + 1 + cot2 q + 1 + tan2 q + 2 + 2 1½
= 7 + cot2 q + tan2 q = RHS ½
1+2sinθcosθ - 1
= [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
sinθcosθ
2 sin θ cos θ  3 sin 43o  cos 37 o cosec 53 o
= =2 
6.  –
sin θ cos θ  cos 47 o  tan 5o tan 25o tan 45o tan 65o tan 85o
 
2.
3 2
 3 sin 43o 

Explanation : cosec2q – cot2q = 1 =  o o 
i.e., (cosecq + cotq) (cosecq – cotq) = 1  cos( 90 - 43 ) 

1 1 cos 37 o cosec (90 o - 37 o )

cosecq + cotq = = =3 – 1
cosec θ - cot θ 1 tan 5o tan 25o (1)tan( 90 o - 25o )tan( 90 o - 5o )
3
2
 3 sin 43o  cos 37 o cosec (90 o - 37 o )

=  
o  – 1
3. k + 1 = sec2q (1 + sin q) (1 – sin q)  sin 43  tan 5o tan 25o (1)cot 25o cot 5o

or, k + 1 = sec2q (1 – sin2 q)
1
or, k + 1 = sec2q.cos2 q [Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1] = 9 - = 8 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 1
1
1
or, k + 1 = sec2 q ×
sec 2 θ 7. Given, cosec q – cot q = 2 cot q
or, k + 1 = 1 ½ Squaring both the sides,

or, k = 1 – 1 ½ cosec2q + cot2q – 2cosec q cot q = 2cot2q
\
k = 0. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
or, cosec2q – cot2q = 2cosec q cot q 1
[ a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b)]
4 4
4. (sin θ + cos θ)
or, (cosec q + cot q)(cosec q – cot q) = 2cosec q cot q
LHS = 2
1 - 2 sin θ cos θ 2 1

Given :
(cosec q – cot q = 2 cot q)
(sin 2 θ)2 + (cos2 θ)2 2cosecθ cot θ
= or, cosec q + cot q = 1
1 - 2 sin 2 θ cos2 θ 2 cot θ
cosec q + cot q = 2 cosec q 1
Hence Proved.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq

P-124 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-142
Solutions cos A
= – 1 + sin A cos A × ½
sin A
1.
(a) 2 - 1 [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
[Q sin2 q + cos2 q = 1]
Explanation : = – 1 + cos A = – (1 – cos2 A)
2
½
2
sinq + cosq = 2 cosq = – sin A = RHS Hence Proved.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
sin q + cos q

or, = 2 1
cos q 5. sec q = x +
4x
sin q cos q

or, + = 2 1 1
cos q cos q
2
sec2 q = x + + 2·x
16 x 2 4x

or, tanq + 1 = 2
2 1 1
1 + tan2q = x + +

or, tanq = 2 –1 16 x 2 2

2.
cos A 2 1 1
tan2q = x + + −1
Explanation : (sec A + tan A) (1 – sin A) 16 x 2 2
 1 sin A  2 1 1
=  + (1 – sin A) tan2q = x + −
 cos A cos A  16 x 2 2

(1 + sin A ) 2 1 1
= (1 – sin A) tan2q = x + − 2·x·
cos A 16 x 2 4x
2
1 - sin 2 A cos2 A  1 
tan2q =  x − 1
=
cos A
=
cos A
= cos A
 4 x 
Taking square root of both sides
1
3. cot2q – = cot2q – cosec2q  1
sin 2 θ tan q = ±  x − 
 4x 
= –1 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] If tan q = x −
4x
1
sin A sin ( 90° - A ) Given, sec q = x +
4. LHS = –1 + 4x
cot ( 90° - A )
Now, tan q + sec q = 2x
[Q sin (90° – q) = cos q]  1 1
If tan q = −  x −  = − x + 1
 4x  4x
[Q cot (90° – q) = tan q]
1
sin A cos A Given, sec q = x +
=–1+ ½ 4x
tan A
1 1 1
Now, sec q + tan q = + = 1
= – 1 + sin A cos A × cot A ½ 4 x 4 x 2x
cos θ Hence Proved.
[Q cot q = ]
sin θ

qqq

WORKSHEET-143
Solutions (1 - cos A )2 (1 - cos A )2
= 2
=
1 - cos A 1 - cos A 1 - cos A (1 - cos A ) sin 2 A

1. LHS = = × 1
1+ cos A 1 + cos A 1 - cos A

S OLUT I ONS P-125

 1 - cos A 1 cos A 1
=
= -
Now using equation (i) =
sin A sin A sin A cos θ sin θ
= cosec A – cot A = RHS Hence Proved. 1 1

= = 1 1
2. 2cot2A – 1 = 2(cosec2 A – 1) – 1 1 1
(Q cot2 q = – 1 + cosec2 q)
2 sec θ - 1 sec θ + 1
= – 3 4.
LHS = +
sec θ + 1 sec θ - 1
sin 2 A
2 (sec θ - 1) + (sec θ + 1)
= 2
–3 = 1
 3 (sec θ + 1) (sec θ - 1)
 2 
  2 sec θ 2 sec θ 2 sec θ
= = = 1
sec θ - 1
2 2
tan θ tan θ
\ 2cot2 A – 1 = 8 - 3 = -1
1
3 3 (∵ tan2 q = sec2 q – 1)

sinq + cosq = 3 Þ (sinq + cosq)2 = 3

3. 1 1 cos θ
= 2 × ×
Þ 1 + 2sinq cosq = 3 Þ sinq cosq = 1 cos θ sin θ
1
sin θ cos θ 1
\ tanq + cotq =
+ = 1 1 = 2 × 1
cos θ sin θ sin θ
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] = 2 cosec q
Detailed Solution : = RHS. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

Given sinq + cosq = 3

Squaring on both sides, 5. LHS = tan θ + sin θ

2 2
(sinq + cosq) = ( 3 )  1 tan θ - sin θ
sin θ
2 2
sin q + cos q + 2sinq cosq = 3
+ sin θ
= cos θ 1½

1 + 2sinq cosq = 3 sin θ

2sinq cosq = 2 - sin θ
cos θ

sinq cosq = 1 ... (i) 1  1 
sin θ  + 1
sin θ cos θ  cos θ 
\
tanq + cotq = + = 1½
cos θ sin θ  1 
sin θ  - 1
sin 2 θ + cos2 θ  cos θ 
=
cos θ sin θ sec θ + 1

= = RHS. Hence Proved. 1
sec θ - 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
qqq

WORKSHEET-144
Solutions or, y cos q[sin2 q + cos2 q] = sin q cos q
or, y cos q × 1 = sin q cos q
1. Given : x sin q = y cos q or, y = sin q ...(iii) 1
y cos θ Substituting this value of y in eqn. (i),
or, x = ...(i) 1
sin θ x = cos q ...(iv)
and x sin3 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q ...(ii) \ Squaring and adding eqn. (iii) and eqn. (iv), we get
x2 + y2 = cos2 q + sin2 q = 1 1
Substituting x from eqn. (i) in eqn. (ii),
Hence Proved.
y cos θ
sin3 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q
sin θ
or, y cos q sin2 q + y cos3 q = sin q cos q

P-126 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 p2 - 1 n2 = a2sin2 q – 2ab sin q cos q + b2cos2 q ...(ii) 1
2. RHS = 2 Adding equations (i) and (ii), 1
p +1 m2 + n2 = a2(cos2 q + sin2 q) + b2(cos2 q + sin2 q)
( cosec θ + cot θ)2 - 1 = a2 (1) + b2 (1)
= 1
( cosec θ + cot θ)2 + 1 = a2 + b2 = RHS. Hence Proved. 1

sin A − cos A + 1
cosec 2 θ + cot 2 θ + 2 cosec θ cot θ − 1 4. LHS =
= 1 sin A + cos A − 1
cosec 2 θ + cot 2 θ + 2 cosec θ cot θ + 1
Dividing num. & deno. by cos A
1 + cot 2 θ + cot 2 θ + 2 cosec θ cot θ − 1
= 1 tan A − 1 + sec A
cosec 2 θ + cosec 2 θ − 1 + 2 cosec θ cot θ + 1 = 1
tan A + 1 − sec A
2 cot θ (cot θ + cosec θ) tan A − 1 + sec A
= = 1
2 cosec θ ( cosec θ + cot θ)
(tan A − sec A ) + (sec 2 A − tan 2 A )
cos θ
= × sin q = cos q = LHS. 1 tan A − 1 + sec A
sin θ = 1
(tan A − sec A ) + (1 − sec A − tan A )

Hence Proved.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] −1 1
= = = RHS 1
3. Given, tan A − sec A sec A − tan A
m2 = a2cos2 q + 2ab sin q cos q + b2sin2 q ...(i) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
and
qqq

WORKSHEET-145
Solutions and z2 = r2cos2A 1
L.H.S. = x2 + y2 + z2
cos3θ + sin 3 θ cos3 θ - sin 3 θ = r2sin2Acos2 C + r2sin2 A
1. LHS = +
cos θ + sin θ cos θ - sin θ sin2 C + r2cos2 A 1
(cos θ + sin θ)(cos2 θ + sin 2 θ - sin θ cos θ) = r2sin2 A(cos2 C + sin2 C) + r2cos2 A
=
(cos θ + sin θ) = r2sin2 A + r2cos2 A 1

= r2(sin2 A + cos2 A)
(cos θ - sin θ)(cos2 θ + sin 2 θ + sin θ cos θ)
+ 1 = r2. 1
(cos θ - sin θ)
= R.H.S. Hence Proved.
= (1 – sin q cos q) + (1 + sin q cos q) 1
= 2 – sin q cos q + sin q cos q 1 1 + sin θ 1 - sin θ
4. L.H.S = +
= 2 = RHS Hence Proved. 1 - sin θ 1 + sin θ

sin 2 A / cos2 A 1 / sin 2 A (1 + sin θ) (1 + sin θ) (1 - sin θ) (1 - sin θ)

2. LHS = + 1 = × + × 1
sin A 2 1 1 (1 - sin θ) (1 + sin θ) (1 + sin θ) (1 - sin θ)
−1 2
− 2
cos2 A cos A sin A
(1 + sin θ)2 (1 - sin θ)2
sin A2 2
cos A = + 1
= + 1 1 - sin 2 θ 1 - sin 2 θ
2 2 2 2
sin A − cos A sin A − cos A
1 (1 + sin θ)2 (1 - sin θ)2
= 1 = + 1
sin 2 A − cos2 A cos θ
2
cos2 θ
1 1 + sin θ 1 - sin θ 1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ
= 1 = + =
1 − 2 cos2 A cos θ cos θ cos θ
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
2
3. Since, x2 = r2sin2A cos2C = = 2 sec q = R.H.S. Hence Proved. 1
cosθ
y2 = r2sin2A sin2C
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-127

 WORKSHEET-146
Solutions = 7 + tan2 q + cot2 q

= R.H.S. Hence proved. 1
2 2 2 2 2 c
sec (90° - θ ) - cot θ 2cos 60°tan 28°tan 62°
1. – 3. Given, sin q =
2 2
2(sin 25° + sin 65°) 3(sec 2 43° - cot 2 47°) c + d2
2

(cosec 2 θ - cot 2 θ ) Since, cos2 q = 1 – sin2 q

=
2(sin 2 25° + cos2 25°)  
2
c
= 1 –   1
1 1 2 2
 c +d 
2× × tan 2 28°×cot 2 28°
– 2 2 1
3[sec 2 43° - tan 2 43°] c2
= 1 –
1 1 c + d2
2
×tan 2 28°×
1 2 tan 2
28° 1
= – c2 + d2 - c2 d2
2×(1) 3 = =
2 2
1 1 1 c +d c + d2
2

= - = 1
2 6 3 d
\ cos q = 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] c + d2
2

2. L.H.S = (sin q + cosec q)2 + (cos q + sec q)2
sin θ
= sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 sin q cosec q + cos2 q Again, tan q =
cos θ
+ sec2 q + 2 cos q sec q 1
c
1
= (sin2 q + cos2 q) + cosec2 q + 2 sin q × c + d2
2
sin θ =
d
1
+ sec2 q + 2 cos q × 1 c2 + d2
cosθ c
\ tan q = 2
= 1 + (1 + cot2 q) + 2 + (1+ tan2 q) + 2 1 d

qqq

WORKSHEET-147
Solutions A

1. sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
6
2 1
(i) sin A = 1 - cos A

1 
= 1- 2

sec A B
5
C

In ∆ABC, AC = AB + BC2 = 1 + 5 = 6 1
2 2
sec 2 A - 1 sec 2 A - 1
= = 1
or, AC = 6
sec 2 A sec A
2 2
(ii) tan2 A = sec2 A – 1 cosec θ - sec θ
(i) , From figure
2 2
cosec θ + sec θ
or, tan A =
sec 2 A - 1 1
2 2
 6  6
1 sec A   - 
(iii) cosec A = = 1  1   5 
sin A sec 2 A - 1 = 2 2
 6  6
  +  
2. tan q = AB = 1  1   5
BC 5

P-128 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 6 1
6- 1 (sec θ - tan θ)
5 3. = × ½
= 6
p sec θ + tan θ sec θ - tan θ

6 + 5
1 sec θ - tan θ
½

24 p = sec 2 θ - tan 2 θ = sec q – tan q
=
36
1
Solving sec q + tan q = p and sec q – tan q =
2 p
=
3
1 1 p +1 2
(ii) L.H.S = sin2 q + cos2 q ½ We get sec q = p +  = 1
2 p 2p
2 2
 1   5
=   +   1 1 p2 - 1
 6  6 and tan q = p -  =
 1
2 p 2p
1 5 6
= + = = 1= R.H.S 1½
6 6 6 2p p2 - 1
\ cos q =
2 and sin q = 1
Hence proved. p +1 p2 + 1

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq

WORKSHEET-148
Solutions sin θ(cos θ + 1) − [(1 − cos θ)(1 + cos θ)]
=
sin θ(cos θ + sin θ − 1)
Given, sin q + cos q =
1. 2
(1 + cos θ)(sin θ − 1 + cos θ)
On squaring both the sides, we get = 1
sin θ(cos θ + sin θ − 1)

( 2)
2
2
(sin q + cos q) = (1 + cos θ)(cos θ + sin θ − 1) 1 + cos θ
2 2 = =
sin q + cos q + 2 sinq cosq = 2 sin θ(cos θ + sin θ − 1) sin θ
Þ 1 + 2 sin q cos q = 2
1 cos θ
Þ 2 sin q cos q = 2 – 1 = 1 = +
1 sin θ sin θ
Þ = 2 ...(i) 1
sin θ cos θ = cosec q + cot q = RHS Hence Proved 1
sin θ cos θ 3. Given : (sec A + tan A)(sec B + tan B)(sec C + tan C)
Now, tan q + cot q = + = (sec A – tan A)(sec B – tan B)(sec C – tan C) 1
cos θ sin θ
Multiply both the sides by
sin 2 θ + cos2 θ 1 (sec A – tan A)(sec B –tan B)(sec C – tan C)
= ...(ii) 1
cos θ sin θ cos θ sin θ or, (sec A + tan A)(sec B + tan B)(sec C + tan C ) ×
From (i) and (ii) we get (sec A – tan A)(sec B – tan B)(sec C – tan C)
tan q + cot q = 2 1 = (sec A – tan A)2(sec B – tan B)2 (sec C –tan C)2 1
cos θ − sin θ + 1 or, (sec2 A – tan2 A)(sec2 B – tan2 B)(sec2 C – tan2 C)
2. LHS =
cos θ + sin θ − 1 = (sec A – tan A)2 (sec B – tan B)2(sec C – tan C)2
sin θ(cos θ − sin θ + 1) or, 1 = [ (sec A – tan A)(sec B – tan B)(sec C – tan C)]2
= 1 or, (sec A – tan A)(sec B – tan B)(sec C – tan C) = ± 1
sin θ(cos θ + sin θ − 1)
1
sin θ cos θ − sin 2 θ + sin θ Similarly, multiply both sides by
=
sin θ(cos θ + sin θ − 1) (sec A + tan A)(sec B + tan B)(sec C + tan C),
\(sec A + tan A)(sec B +tan B )(sec C + tan C) = ± 1.
sin θ cos θ + sin θ − (1 − cos2 θ)
= 1 1
sin θ(cos θ + sin θ − 1)

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-129

 WORKSHEET-149
Solutions
4. secq + tanq = p
1 sin θ
LHS = cot q – tan q
1. 1 = +
cos θ sin θ cos θ cos θ
= − ½
sin θ cos θ = 1 + sinq = pcosq
2 2
cos θ - sin θ p 1 − sin 2 θ
= 1 = 1
sin θ cos θ
2 2
(1 + sinq) = p (1 – sin q) 2
½
cos2 θ - 1 + cos2 θ
= ½ 1 + sin2q + 2sinq = p2 – p2 sin2q 1
sin θ cos θ
(1 + p2)sin2q + 2sinq + (1 – p2) = 0
2 cos2 θ - 1 D = 4 – 4(1 + p2)(1 – p2)
= = RHS

sin θ cos θ = 4 – 4(1 – p4) = 4p4 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] -2 ± 4 p 4 -1 ± p 2
sinq = 2 = ½
2(1 + p ) (1 + p 2 )
2. LHS = sinq (1 + tanq) + cosq (1 + cotq) 1
 sin θ   cos θ  p2 - 1
= sin θ  1 +  + cos θ  1 + sin θ  = ,–1
 cos θ    p2 + 1

 cos θ + sin θ   sin θ + cos θ  p2 + 1
= sin θ   + cos θ  1 \ cosecq = 2 , – 1 1
 cos θ   sin θ  p -1

 sin 2 θ + cos2 θ  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
= (cosq + sinq) 
 cos θ sin θ  5. 15 tan2 q + 4sec2 q = 23
 
15 tan2 q + 4(tan2 q + 1) = 23
cos θ + sin θ
= = cosecq + secq = RHS 1 (\ sec2q = 1 + tan2q) 1
cos θ sin θ 2 2
or, 15 tan q + 4tan q + 4 = 23
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] or, 19tan2 q = 19
or, tan q = 1 = tan 45° 1
sin A − 2 sin 3 A \ q = 45°
3. LHS =
2 cos3 A − cos A Now, (sec q + cosec q)2 – sin2 q
= (sec 45° + cosec 45°)2 – sin2 45°
sin A(1 − 2 sin 2 A )
= 1 2
cos A( 2 cos2 A - 1)
( )  1 
2
= 2+ 2 - 1
 2 
2
sin A(1 − 2(1 − cos A ))
=
( ) 1
1 2
cos A( 2 cos2 A - 1) = 2 2 -
2
1 15
= 8 - = 1
= tan A ( 2 cos2 A - 1) 2 2
1
2
( 2 cos A - 1)

= tanA = RHS 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
qqq

P-130 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

11
B HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES
WORKSHEET-150
Solutions 3. Let the distance between the foot of the ladder and
the wall, AB be x. C

1. Correct option : (b) then AC, the length of the ladder = 2x

Explanation : In DABC, ÐB=90o In DABC, ÐB = 90° 2x
CB x
tan q = cos A =
AB 2x
150 1
A x B
tan 30° = Þ cos A =
= cos 60° Þ A = 60° 1
x 2
1 150
= 4. Let AB be the light house and C be the position of
3 x the boat.
Since, ÐPAC= 60° \ ÐACB = 60° 1
x = 150 3 m3
Let BC be x m.
C AB
30° In DABC, = tan 60°
BC
40
Þ = 3
x
150 m A
P 60°

30°
40 m
A x B
2.
16 3 m.

Explanation :
AC 60°
tan 60° =
AB C x B

h 40 3
3 = Þ x = ×
16 3 3
C
40 3
= m
h 3
40 3
60° Hence, the boat is m away from the foot of
A 16 m B 3
the light house. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1
h = 16 3 m.
5.

S OLUT I ONS P-131


[Topper’s Answer 2018]

qqq

WORKSHEET-151
Solutions 10 3
tan q =
1. Correct option : (a) 30
15 1
Explanation : tan q = tan q =
8 3
15 tan q = tan 30°
sin q = ...(i)
17  q = 30°.
x 3.
sin q = ...(ii)
A
Now,
85
From, equation (i) and (ii),
15 x
= (h – 1.7)
17 85
h
x = 75 m.
C
30°
D E
1.7 m
m x
85
C 20 3 B

 Let height of the tower AB be h metre

A B Þ
AE = h – 1.7
2.
30°.
BC = DE = 20 3 m. (given)

Explanation :
C In DADE, ÐE = 90°
h - 1.7
tan 30° =
10 3 m 20 3

 1 h - 1.7
A B Þ
=
30 m 3 20 3
AC
tan q = Þ
h – 1.7 = 20
AB
or h = 20 + 1.7 = 21.7 m 1

P-132 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 4. h − 50 h
tan 45° = Hence h – 50 = ½
x 3
Þ x = h – 50 ½
3h − 50 3 = h
h
tan 60° = ½
x 3h − h = 50 3
A
45° 60°
h ( )
3 − 1 = 50 3

50 3
h =
3 −1

45° C h =
50 3 ( 3 +1 )

hE
3−1

50 m h =
(
50 3 + 3 )
2
60° Þ h = 75 + 25 3
B x D ½
= 118.25 m. 1
h
Þ
x = [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
3

5.

[Topper’s Answer, 2016] 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-152
Solutions Then height of pale = 3x
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : Let the length of shadow is x,

S OLUT I ONS P-133

 C
Let the tree be AC and is broken at B. The broken
part touches at the point D on the ground.
In right DBCD,

3x CD
cos 30° =
BD

A 3 8
x B Þ =
CB 2 BD
Now, tan q =
AB 16
Þ BD = ½
3x 3 
tan q =
x
BC
tan q = 3 and tan 30° =
CD
tan q = tan 60°
q = 60. 1 BC
Þ =
2. Line of sight. 3 8

8
3. Let the ÐACB be q, ÐB = 90° Þ BC =
3
AB
tan q =
BC \ Height of tree = BC + BD
20 1 8 16
tan q = = = tan 30° 1 = +

20 3 3 3 3
Þ q = 30°
Thus, the Sun's altitude is 30°. 8 + 16
=
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3
A
4. 24 × 3
=
3× 3

– 24
= 3
3

Hence, the height of the tree = 8 3 m. 1

Tree B
Br
ok
en
pa
–

rt

30°
C D ½
8m 

qqq

WORKSHEET-153
Solutions 20
tan q =
x
1. Correct option : (b)
20
Explanation : In DABC, Ð A = 90° x = ...(i)
CA tan θ
tan q =
AB

P-134 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 In DYCB, we have
4.
BC
tan 45° =
YC
B

xm

Y 45°
C
B

In DCDE, Ð D = 90° 40 m 40 m
ED
Now, tan q =
CD
60°
h − 20
tan q = A
x X
x
1 =
h − 20 YC
x = ...(ii)
tan θ YC = x m
From equation (i) and (ii), Þ XA = x m
h − 20 20 In DXAB,
= AB
tan θ tan θ tan 60° = ½
XA
h – 20 = 20 x + 40
h = 40 m. 3 = ½
x
2. 10 m
Explanation : 3x = x + 40
AE x 3 − x = 40
= tan 45º
EC
10 40 3 +1
Þ = 1 x = × ½
EC 3 -1 3 +1
Þ EC = 10 m. 20( 3 + 1)
A =
= 20 3 + 20 m ( )
10 m
45° \ Height of the tower AB = x+ 40

E C
= 20 3 + 20 + 40 ½
25 m
15 m 15 m = 20 3 + 60
= 20( 3 + 3) m ½
B D
In DXAB,
3.
Given, AD = 2.54 m (Given) AB
\ DB = 6 – 2.54 = 3.46 m sin 60° = ½
In DBCD, ÐB = 90° BX
BD 3 AB
sin 60° = = ½
DC 2 BX
3 3.46 20( 3 + 3)2
= BX =
2 DC 3

\
DC =
3.46 × 2
3
=
3.46 × 2
1.73
=4m = 40 3 + 1 m ( )

= 40 × 2.73 m
\ Length of ladder = 4 m.
1
= 109.20 m ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-135

 WORKSHEET-154
Solutions 2.
ÐAED = 60° and ÐBEC = 30°
AD = BC = 3000 3 m
1. Let the height of tower be h metre.
Let the speed of the aeroplane = x m/s
h
From DABD, = tan 30° A B
a

3000 3 m
A 3000 3 m

60°
Tower 30°
E C
D
½
h 30 x m
Then, AB = DC = 30 × x
= 30x m ...(i) ½
In ∆AED, ÐD = 90°
30° 60° AD
tan 60° =
B C b D DE
a
3000 3
1 a 3 =
\ h = a × = ...(i) DE
3 3
DE = 3000 m ...(ii) ½
h In ∆BEC, ÐC = 90°
From DACD, = tan 60°
b BC
tan 30° =
\ h = b × 3 = b 3 ...(ii) EC
From (i), a = 3 h 1
3000 3
=
h 3 DE + CD
From (ii), b =
3 DE + CD = 3000 × 3
3000 + 30x = 9000 (from (i) and (ii))
h
30x = 6000
\ a × b = 3 h×
3
x = 200 m/s
2
Þ h = ab Hence, the speed of plane = 200 m/s. 1
Þ h = ab m 1 18
= 200 × = 720 km/h ½
Hence, the height of the tower = ab m 5

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]

3.

P-136 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 [Topper’s Answer 2017] 3

qqq

WORKSHEET-155
Solutions In DABM,
x
1.
C
\ = tan 30°
z
1
Þ x = z × ...(i) ½
3
Tower In DCDM,
y
= tan 60°
z
y = z × 3 ...(ii) ½
B A
Shadow From (i) and (ii),
Let the height of tower be AB and its shadow be BC. 1
z×
x 3
BC 3 =
\ = tan q = y z × 3
AB 1
= tan 60° x 1
\ =
Hence, the angle of elevation of Sun = 60°. 1 y 3

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] x : y = 1 : 3 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2. C
3.

7m
A

y B
x

30° 60°
x
B z M z D
Let M be the centre of the line joining their feet.
45°
Let BM = MD = z 60°
perpendicular
\ tan q = y ½
base

S OLUT I ONS P-137
 x 7( 3 + 1)
(i) = tan 45° = 1 x =
y 2

Þ x = y 1 7( 2.73)
=
x+7 2
(ii) y = tan 60° = 3
= 9.6 m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

Þ 7 = ( 3 − 1)x 1+½

qqq

WORKSHEET-156
Solutions 2.
Let AD be the height (h) m of the light house and
BC is the distance between two ships
1.
Let AB be building = 7 m A
C 30° 45°

h
h

X
A E
30° 45°
B C
100 – x D x
100 m
7m 7m
Given, BC =100 m
h
In DADC tan 45° =
B X D DC
CD be the height of tower = (7 + h) m ½ Þ
x = h ...(i) 1
Let distance between two be x m. h
\ BD = AE = x m In DABD,
tan 30° =
100 - DC
AB
Now in DABD = tan 45° ½ 1 h
BD Þ =
7 3 100 - x
Þ = 1
x \ 100 – x = h 3 1
Þ x = 7 m ½ 100 – h = h 3 [By (i)]
CE
In DCEA = tan 60° 100 = h + h 3
AE Þ

h
x
= 3
Þ 100 = h 1 + 3 ( )
100
h =
= x 3
Þ h
1+ 3
Substituting the value of x we get
h =
100 ( ×
3 −1 )
h = 7 3
( 3 + 1) ( 3 −1 )
CD = CE + ED
100( 3 - 1)
Þ
= 7 + 7 3 m ( ) h =
3 -1
= 50 ( 3 - 1 )
(
Hence, the height of tower = 7 1 + 3 m. ) ½ 1
= 50(1.732 – 1)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012] = 50 × 0.732
\ Height of light house = 36.60 m.
qqq

P-138 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-157
Solutions C
3.
h
1. (i) cos(90° – q) = cos (3q – 30°) A 30°
60° x B
Þ 90° – q = 3q – 30° Þ q = 30° 1 20 m 20 m
AB
(ii)
= sin 30°
AC
(h + 20) m
\ Length of rope = AC = 400 m 1
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
D
2. B From, DABC,
h 1
= tan 30° =
x 3

h Þ x = 3h. ...(i) ½
From DABD,

40 + h
= tan 60° = 3
x
 60°
40 + h
D C x A Þ x = ...(ii) ½
3x ½ 3
AB From (i) and (ii),
In DABC, = tan 60°
AC 40 + h
\ 3 h =
h 3
= 3
x Þ 3h = 40 + h m.
Þ h= x 3 Þ h = 20 m. 1
1
\ x = 20 3 m
AB
In DABD, = tan q
AD \ AC = ( BC )2 + ( AB)2

h
= tan q ( 20 )2 + ( 20 3 )2
3x =
x 3 1 = 400 + 1200
Þ
= = tan 30° 1
3x 3 = 40 m. 1

Hence, the distance of the cloud = 40 m.
\
q = 30° ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
qqq

WORKSHEET-158
Solutions In 10 sec distance travelled by plane = 648000 × 10
1. C D 3600
= 1800 m  ½

In DABC, In DAED,
h h h h
= tan 60°, = tan 30°
x x + 1800
h h 1
60° 30° = 3, x + 1800 = 3 1
E x
A B
Þ h = x 3 ..(i)
x 1800 m x + 1800
Þ h = ...(ii)
½ 3
In 3600 sec distance travelled by plane = 648000 m

S OLUT I ONS P-139

 From equations (i) and (ii), we get
In DPQX,
x + 1800
x 3 = ½ h
3  tan 60° =
x
Þ 3x = x + 1800

h
Þ 2x
= 1800 Þ
3 =
x
Þ
x = 900 m
Þ
h = 3x ... (i) 1
h = x 3
h - 40
= 900 × 1·732 In DQTY, tan 45° =
x
= 1558·8 m
h - 40
\ Hence, the height of jet = 1558·8 m.
½ Þ
1 =
x
2. Q
Þ x = h – 40 ... (ii) 1

Solving (i) and (ii),
(h – 40) x = 3 x – 40

45°
( )
3x − x = 40

( )
Y T h
or 3 - 1 x = 40
x

40 m 40
( )
40 m
or x = = 20 3 +1 m
60° 3 -1
X x P 1 \h= 3 × 20 ( )
3 + 1 = 20 3 + 3 m ( ) 1
Let PX = x m and PQ = h m
20(3 + 1.73) = 20 × 4.73
\
QT = (h – 40) m
Hence, the height of tower is 94.6 m.
qqq

WORKSHEET-159
Solutions AB
Now, = tan 60°
CA
1. X B
Y 120
= 3
CA
120
h = 120 m Þ
CA = = 40 3 m ½
3
CD = AD + CA
C D = 120 + 40 3
A ½
In DABD, ÐADB = ÐDBY = 45° = 120 + 40 × 1·732
(alternate angle) = 120 + 69·28

and in DABC, ÐBCA = ÐXBC = 60° = 189·28 m

AB Hence the distance between two cars = 189·28 m. 1
= tan 45°
AD [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
120
=1 2. L
et AB and CD be the two posts such that AB = 2
AD CD. Let M be the mid-point of CA. Let ÐCMD = q
Þ
AD = 120 m ...(i) 1 and ÐAMB = 90° – q

P-140 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 B 4h
Þ cot θ = ...(i) 1
k
CD
Also in DCMD, = tan q
CM
D 2h
h
Þ = tan q
k
h
2
 90°–  2h
Þ tan q = ...(ii) 1
C A k
M

1
4h 2h
1 Multiplying (i) and (ii), × =1
Clearly, CM = MA = k k k
2
k2
Let CD = h m, then AB = 2h m \ h2 =
8
AB
Now, = tan (90° – q) = cot q
AM Þ h =
k
=
k 2
m 1
2h 2 2 4
Þ
=cot q
k [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2
 

qqq

WORKSHEET-160
Solutions QM
In DOMQ, tan 30° =
OM
1. (i) Let P be the position of the balloon when its
angle of elevation from the eyes of the girl is 60° and QM’ - MM’
=
Q be the position when angle of elevation is 30°. OM
P Q 1 88.2 - 1.2
Þ
=
3 OM
Þ
OM = 87 3
\ Distance travelled by the balloon,
88·2 m PQ = LM = OM – OL
=  87 3 -
60° 87  m
30° L 
O M  3
1·2 m

L' M' 1  1 
= 87  3 −  m
 3
PL
In DOLP, tan 60° =
OL 87 × 2 174
= = m
PL' - LL' 3 3
Þ 3 =
OL 174 3
= = 58 3 m 1
88.2 - 1.2 3
=
OL (ii) Height and distance. 1
87 2. Let AB is a building 60 m high and x is a tower h m
Þ 3 =
OL high. Angle of depressions of top and bottom are
given 30° and 60° respectively.
87
Þ
OL = DC = EB = h m and let BC = x m.
3 Þ AE = (60 – h) m 1

S OLUT I ONS P-141

 A 1 60 - h
Þ
=
30° 3 BC
60
° Þ 3 ( 60 - h ) = x ...(i) 1
(60 – h)
60
In DABC, = tan 60°
x
60 m E 30°
D
Þ 60 = 3x ...(ii)
x
Putting the value of x from equation (i) in equation
hm hm (ii), we get
60 = 3 × 3 (60 – h)
60°
Þ 60 = 3 × (60 – h) 1
B x C
In DAED, Þ 20 = 60 – h
Þ h = 40 m
60 - h
= tan 30° Hence, the height of tower = 40 m. 1
ED
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011, 2012]
qqq

WORKSHEET-161
Solutions Let the speed of the boat be v m/minute, then

PQ = Distance travelled by the boat in 6 minutes
1. A
60° 30° Þ
PQ = 6v ½
2 2
(OP) = 6v [... PQ = OP]
Þ
3 3
Þ
OP = 9v

30 ° 60 ° \ Time taken by the boat to reach at the shore is

given by,
P x Q O

OP
(i) Let OA be the cliff and P be the initial position of T =
v
the boat when the angle of depression is 30°. After 6
minutes the boat reaches to Q such that the angle of 9v
depression at Q is 60°. Þ
T = minutes
v
Let PQ = x m.
In ÐPOA and ÐQOA, we have = 9 minutes ½
OA OA (ii) Height and distance.  1
tan 30° = and tan 60° =
OP OQ
2. Let the speed of car by x m/minutes
OA OA 1 In DABC,
Þ
= and 3 = ½
3 OP OQ h

OP and OA = 3OQ y = tan 45°
Þ
OA =
3 Þ
h = y
OP
Þ
= 3OQ In DABD,
3
h
Þ
OP = 3OQ
Þ
PQ = OP – OQ y + 12 x = tan 30°

OP
=OP – Þ
h 3 = y + 12x
3
2 1
= OP [... OQ = OP] ½
3 3

P-142 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 A
30°
y 3 – y = 12x

45° 12 x 12 x( 3 + 1)
y = =
3 −1 2
h

Þ y = 6x ( 3 + 1)

Hence, time taken from C to B = 6 ( 3 + 1)

45° 30° minutes [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018-19] 1

B y C 12x D 1

qqq

WORKSHEET-162
Solutions 2. D
45° 60°
1. D

A
30° chimney 15 m
Tower

60° 30°
C
B 60° 45°
Let AB = 40 m be the height of the tower and CD be x A y B
1

C
the height of chimney. 1 DC
In DDCA, = tan 60°
Now, in DABC, ÐABC = 90° CA
AB 15
tan 30° = Þ
= 3
BC x
15
40 40× 3 Þ
x=
= m 3

or, BC =
tan 30° 1
Þ
x= 5 3 1

or, BC = 40 3 m 1 DC 15
In DDCB, = tan 45° = =1
CB x+y
Again in DBCD, ÐBCD = 90°

Þ
x + y = 15 1
DC
tan 60° = Þ
5 3 + y = 15
BC
Þ
y = 15 − 5 3

or, DC = BC tan 60° 1
= 5 3 − 3 m ( )
= 40 3 × 3 m
Þ


DC = 120 m Hence, the distance between the points = 5 3 − 3 m. ( )
\ The height of chimney is 120 m.
1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 1

3.

S OLUT I ONS P-143



[Topper’s Answer 2016] 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-163
Solutions
Þ x + y = 7500 3
A x + 7500 = 7500 3
1.
30° x = 7500 3 − 7500
°
45
= 7500 ( 3 −1 )
= 7500(1·73 – 1)
= 7500 × 0·73
= 5475 m
Hence, the distance between two ships
D x y B = 5475 m 1½
C
A
2.
x+y
½ 30°
AB 45°

In DABC, = tan 45°
BC
7500

Þ =1
y 150 m


Þ y = 7500 1
AB
In DABD,
= tan 30°
BD
60° 45°
7500 1 B C D
=
x+y 3
y 2x 1

P-144 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Let the speed of the boat be x m/min.
Þ y + 2x = 150 ...(ii) 1
\ Distance covered in 2 minutes = 2 x
Substituting the value of y from (i) in (ii),
\ CD = 2x
Let BC be y m. 50 3 + 2 x = 150
AB 2x = 150 − 50 3
In DABC, = tan 60°
BC
150
(
2x = 50 3 − 3 )
Þ = 3
y
x = 25 (3 − 3 ) m. 1

Speed of the boat = 25 (3 − 3 ) m/min.
150
Þ y =
3

Þ y = 50 3 m. ...(i) 25 (3 − 3 ) × 60
=
AB 1000
In DABD, = tan 45°
3
BD
150
=
2
( )
3 − 3 km/h 1
Þ
=1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
y + 2x

qqq

WORKSHEET-164
Solutions AC
= tan 45° = 1 1
AP
1.
E
D Þ x + 5 = y ½
x 1
In ∆PAB, = tan 30° =
y 3

60° x 1
=
30°
x+5 3
A C
B 1 5
Correct figure Þ x =
BE 3 -1
In DABE, = tan 60° 1
AB 5( 3 + 1 )
Þ AB = 3000 m = = 6.83 1½
3
DC
In DDAC, = tan 30° 1
AC  Height of tower = 6.83 m 1
Þ AC = 9000 m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
BC = AC – AB = 6000 m ½
6000 m 200 m 3.
\ Speed of aeroplane = = ½
30 s s
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]

2. In ∆PAC,

1
In DAPQ
PQ 1
= sin 30° = ½
AP 2
1

S OLUT I ONS P-145


Given, AO = 200m and FD = 50m
1
PQ = (200)   = 100 m 1
In DOLA, ÐL = 90°
 2
OL
PQ = 100 – 50 = 50 m ½ sin 30° =

OA
PR 1
In DPRD, = sin 45° = 1 OL
PD 2 Þ =
2 200
PD = (PR) ( 2 ) = 50 2 m 1 200
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Þ = 100 m OL =
2
Detailed Solution :

\ OM = OL – LM

= OL – FD

= (100 – 50) m

= 50 m

In DOMD, ÐM = 90°
OM
sin 45° =
OD
1 50
Þ =
2 OD

Þ OD = 50 2 = 50 × 1.414

Let O be the position of the bird, A be the position
= 70.7 m
for Amit, D be the position for Deepak and FD be the
Thus, the distance of the bird from Deepak is 70.7 m.
building at which Deepak is standing at height 50m.
qqq

P-146 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

12
B AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES
WORKSHEET-165
Solutions
( )
2
Area of square = x2 = 8 2
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : According to the given condition, = 128 cm2 1
Area of circle = Area of first circle + Area of second circle [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
π R ² = π R1 ² + π R2 ² 5. As OA = 17 cm, AP = 15 cm and DOPA is right triangle.
R ² = R1 ² + R2 ² \ Using Pythagoras theorem,


2. 9 p cm2 OP = 8 cm 1
Explanation : Area of the shaded region
= Area of the sector AOBA
– Area of DOPA 1
60° 1
= × πr 2 - × b × h
360° 2
60° 22 1
= × × 17 × 17 - × 8 × 15
Given, side of square = 6 cm 360° 7 2
Diameter of a circle, (d) = side of square = 6 cm
= 151.38 – 60 = 91.38 cm2 1
d
Radius of a circle (r) = = 6 = 3m.
2 6. Here,
r = 14 cm, q = 60°
Area of circle = pr2 Then, the area of minor segment
= p(3)2 = 9pcm2 θ 1
= πr 2 - r 2 sin θ ½
3. ∵ Circumference of the outer circle, 2pr1 = 88 cm 360 2
88 × 7 22 60
o
1 3
\ r1 = = 14 cm. = × 14 × 14 × o - × 14 × 14 × ½
2 × 22 7 360 2 2
∵ Circumference of the inner circle, 2pr2 = 66 cm = (
308 2 2
- 49 3 ) cm = 17.89 cm = 17.9 approx. 1
66 × 7 21 3
\ r2 = = cm = 10.5 cm
2 × 22 2 22
and the area of major segment = × 14 × 14
7
\ Width of the ring = r1 – r2
= 14 – 10.5 cm = 3.5 cm. 1 – (
308
- 49 3 )
3
4. Diameter of the circle = diagonal of square
1540 2
= 2 × 8 = 16 cm =
+ 49 3 =598.10 cm
3
Let x be the side of square.
= 598 cm2 approx. 1
\ x 2 = 16 or, x = 8 2 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq

WORKSHEET-166
Solutions 2. r2
Explanation : Take a point C on the circumference
1. Correct option : (a) of the semi-circle and join it by the end points of
Explanation : According to question, diameter AB.
Circumference of circle = Circumference of first ÐC = 90°
circle + Circumference of second circle [Angle in a semi-circle is right angle]
2π R = 2π R1 + 2π R2
R = R1 + R2

S OLUT I ONS P-147

 or, 2x2 = 24 × 24
24 × 24
or, x2 = = 288
2
Area of square = x2 = 288 cm2. 1
4. Area of remaining part
1 = Area of rectangle – Area of semi-circle ½
So, DABC = × AB × CD
2 22×7 ×7
1 = 20×14 - 1
= × 2r × r = r2 sq. units. 7 ×2
2
= 280 – 77
3. Radius of the circle = 12 cm.
D C
\ Diameter of circle = 24 cm.
\ Diagonal of square = 24 cm
Let the side of square = x cm. 14 cm
x2 + x2 = (24)2 (Pythagoras
theorem)
A 20 cm B
A D Hence, area of remaining part = 203 cm2. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
O
x
12
ccm
m

B x C

5.

P-148 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


[Topper’s Answer, 2016] 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-167
Solutions Area of circle πr 2
So, = 2
[From equation (i)]
1. Correct option : (b) Area of square  πr 
 2 
Explanation : According to question,
Circumference of a circle = Perimeter of square 14
Solving equation (i), we get result as = 14 : 11.
Let ‘r’ and ‘a’ be the radius of circle and side of 11
square.
3. A line intersecting the circle at two distinct points is
   2πr = 4a
called a secant.1
22
r = 2a 4. Perimeter of semi-circle, 1
7
(p + 2)r = 72 cm
     11r = 7 a
 22 
7a or, r  + 2  = 72 cm
r= ...(i)  7 
            11 
Area of circle, A1 = πR 2  22 +14  = 72
or, r 
From equation (i), we have  7 
2
 7a  36
A1 = π   or, r = 72
     11  7
22  49a 2  r = 14 cm ½
=  
7  121  1 2 1 22
             \ Area of protractor = πr = × ×14 ×14

2 2 7
14a 2
= ...(ii) = 308 cm2. ½
            11 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
A2 = a 2  ...(iii)


From equation (ii) and (iii), we have 5.
14
A1 = A2 D C
   11
A1 > A2
Area of circle is greater than the area of square.
2. 14 : 11.
Explanation : Let the radius of circle be ‘r’ and side A
1
B
of square be ‘a’.
According to given question.
Perimeter of circle = Perimeter of square
2pr = 4a Let r cm be the radius of each circle.
πr 24
\ a = ...(i)
2 Area of square – Area of 4 sectors = cm2 ½
7

S OLUT I ONS P-149

  90°  24 or, 6r2 = 24
or, (2r)2 – 4 
× πr 2  = 1 or, r2 = 4 1
 360°  7
or, r =± 2
22 2 24
or, 4r 2 - r = ½ Radius of each circle is 2 cm (r cannot be negative)
7 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
28r 2 - 22r 2 24
or, =
7 7

6.

[Topper’s Answer 2017] 4

qqq

WORKSHEET-168
Solutions  12 
2

=π 
1. Correct option : (a)  2 
Explanation : Area of first circular park whose = π ( 6 )2
diameter is 16 m, = 36π m 2

2
 16  According to question,
= π 
 2 Area of single circular park = Area of first circular park
 + Area of second circular park
= π(8)2 2
π r = 64π + 36π
= 64π m 2
Area of second circular park whose diameter is 12 m, π r 2 = 100π Þ r = 10 m

P-150 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 2. 2
1 22
Explanation : Let the radius of the circle be r. = × × 49
4 7
Circumference of circle = 2pr
Area of circle = pr2 = 38.5 cm2 1
Given that, the circumference of the circle and the
\ Area of base PBCR = Area of DABC
area of the circle are equal. – Area of quadrant APR
This implies, 2pr = pr2 = 50 – 38.5 = 11.5 cm2. 1
r =2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 2 units.
3. Perimeter of the circle = Perimeter of square 5. Let radius of the circle be r cm.
Let side of square be x cm. Diameter = 2r cm
Circumference = 2pr ½
2p r = 4x
Circumference = Diameter + 16.8 ½
22 or, 2pr = 2r + 16.8
or, 2× × 77 = 4x
7 22
 
or, 2   r = 2r + 16.8
2 × 22 × 11  7
\ x = = 121
4 44
or, r = 2r + 16.8
Side of the square = 121 cm. 1 7
4.
From the given figure or, 44r = 14r + 16.8 × 7
1 or, 30r = 117.6
Area of right-angled DABC = × 10 × 10

2 117.6
or, r = 1
= 50 cm2 1 30
Area of quadrant APR of the circle of radius 7 cm \ r = 3.92 cm 1
1
= × p × (7)2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
4

qqq

WORKSHEET-169
Solutions 3. Given, Radius of circle (r) = 10 cm, central angle = 90° ½
\ Area of minor segment
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : Given, radius of circle, r = OC = 8 cm 1  3.14 × 90 
= × 10 2 ×  - sin 90° ½
Diameter of the circle = AC = 2 × OC = 2 × 8= 16 cm 2  180 
which is equal to the diagonal of a square. 1
=
× 100 × [1.57 – 1] = 28.5 cm2. 1
D C 2
m
8c [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
O
4. Let ‘r‘ be the radius of given circle.
Perimeter of given figure = 47 cm
A B th
1
Let side of square be ‘a’. Perimeter of full circle – perimeter of   circle
Using Pythagoras theorem, 4
= 47 – 2r ½
AB 2 + BC 2 = AC 2 1
a 2 + a 2 = 162 or, 2 πr − ( 2 πr ) = 47 cm – 2r ½
4
2a 2 = 256
3πr Q
a 2 = 128 cm 2 or, + 2r = 47 cm
2
2. Area of the circle = sum of areas of two circles
pR2 = p × (40)2 + p(9)2  3 22 
or, r × + 2  = 47 cm A B
or, R2 = 1600 + 81 2 7 
or, R = 1681 = 41 cm.  33 
or, r  + 2  = 47 cm P
\ Diameter of given circle = 41 × 2 = 82 cm. 1  7 

S OLUT I ONS P-151

 47 × 7 3 3 22
or, r= cm = × πr 2 = × × 7 × 7 cm2
47 4 4 7
or, r = 7 cm 1 3
Now, area of shaded region = × 77 cm2
2
1
A = area of circle – area of circle = 115.5 cm2 1
4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
3
= area of circle
4

qqq

WORKSHEET-170
Solutions Area of circle = pr2
1. Correct option : (c) = p × 4 × 4 = 16p cm2 1
Explanation : Given, d1 = 36 cm, d2 = 20 cm 3. C
Circumference of first circle = 2 pr = pd1 = 36p cm
And circumference of second circle = pd2 = 20p cm ½
According to question,
O
Circumference of circle = Circumference of first circle
A
42 cm
B

 + Circumference of second circle
Base of triangle = diameter of semicircle
π D = 36π + 20π
= 42 cm
D = 56 cm
and its height = radius of semicircle
So, diameter of circle is 56 cm
42
56 = = 21 cm ½
Required radius of circle = = 28 cm 2
2 .
A Area of shaded portion = Area of semicircle
2. D
– area of DABC
1 2 1
= πr − × base × height
½
2 2
1 22 1
= ×
× 21 × 21 − × 42 × 21 1
r 2 7 2
= 693 – 441 = 252
B C
Hence, the area of shaded portion = 252 cm2. ½
Side of square = diameter of circle = 8 cm
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
8
\ Radius of circle, r = = 4 cm
2

4.

P-152 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X



[Topper’s Answer, 2016]

qqq

WORKSHEET-171
Solutions
=  60° × π( 5)2  cm2 1
 360° 
1. Correct option : (d)
Explanation : Let r1 = 24 cm and r2 = 7 cm
Area of first circle = pr12 = p(24)2 = 576p cm2 = 25 π cm2
6
Area of second circle = pr22 = p( 7 )2 = 49 p cm 2
According to question,
Q Areas of all three sectors are equal.
Area of circle = Area of first circle
\ Total area of shaded region = 3  25 π cm2
1
 + Area of second circle  6 

pR 2 = 576 p + 49 p
  [where, R be radius of circle] 25 × 3.14
=
2
R = 625 = R = 25 cm
2
 
Diameter of a circle = 2R = 2 × 25 = 50 cm = 39.25 cm2.
2. Let the radius of the circle be r. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
Area = pr2
Now the radius is doubled 4. Required area = area of two semi-circles of same
Area = p(2r)2 = 4pr2 = 4 × pr2 radii + area of rectangle
The area will be 4 times the area of the first circle. 1 =
area of one circle + area of
rectangle 1
3. Since, DABC is an equilateral triangle. = pr2 + (l × b) (where r is radius of
A circle and l and b are length and
breadth of rectangle) 1
22
= × 7 × 7 + (16 × 14 )
10 cm F
E 7
= 154 + 224
= 378 m2 1
B C [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
D
\
ÐA = ÐB = ÐC = 60°
θ
Area of sector, AFEA = × πr 2 cm2
360

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-153

 WORKSHEET-172
Solutions
4. Given, ÐADB = ÐACB = 90°
1. Correct option : (d) (Angle in a semicircle)
Explanation : We know that area of sector of angle q Since DADB @ DACB
θ \ ar DADB = ar DACB
= × π R2
360 1
 = × 15 × 8
2
p p
Area of sector of angle, p = × π R2 = × 2π R 2 = 60 cm2 1
360 720
and ar DADB + ar DACB
2. Let the radius of the circle be r. = 2 × 60 = 120 cm2
Area = pr2
Now the radius is doubled Now in DABC AB = AC 2 + BC 2
Area = p(2r)2 = 4pr2 = 4 × pr2
= 15 + 8 = 225 + 64
2 2

The area will be 4 times the area of the first circle. 1

= 17 cm
3. Perimeter of the shaded region 17 17
Area of circle = πr 2 = 3.14 × ×
= AD + BC + lengths of the arcs of semi circles 2 2
APB and CPD 1 = 226.87 cm2 1

22 21 Area of shaded portion = area of circle – area of
= 21 +21 + 2  ×  ½ sum of DACB and DADB.
 7 2 
= 226.87 – 120
= 42 + 66 = 106.87
= 108 cm. ½ Hence, area of shaded region = 106.87 cm2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
qqq

WORKSHEET-173
Solutions 3. Area of semi-circle with diameter 21 cm,
21 1 1 22 21 21 693
5 r = cm, A = πr 2 = × × × = cm2
1. Area of sector OAPB = times the area of circle 2 2 2 7 2 2 4
36

1
x 5 AM = MN = NB
\ pr2 × 360 o = pr2
36 21
= = 7 cm
3
x 5
or, 360 o
= 7
36 \ Radii smaller semi circles = cm
2

or, x = 50° 1 Area of semi-circle with diameter AM
2. Area of shaded region = Area of sector OCBAD = Area of semi-circle with diameter MN
– Area of DODC = Area of semi-circle with diameter NB
7 1 2
90° 1 Radius = cm \ Area = pr
= × π ×(7)2 - ×7 ×4 2 2
360° 2
1 22 7 7 77
= × × × = cm2 1
49 π 2 7 2 2 4
= - 14 1
4 Area of shaded region = Area of larger semicircle
= 24.5 cm2. 1 + Area of smaller semicircle
693 77 770
= + = = 192.5 cm2. 1
4 4 4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

qqq

P-154 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-174
Solutions
Perimeter of triangle = circumference of circle
formed.
1. Area of square = (side)2 = 121 cm2 \ 2pr = 22 × 3
1
22
Side of square = 121 = 11 cm Þ
2× × r = 22 × 3
7
Perimeter of square = 4 × 11 = 44 cm. 22 × 3 × 7 21
Þ
r = = cm ½
Circumference of the circle = Perimeter of the square 22 × 2 2
= 44 cm1 Area enclosed by the circle = pr2
22 21 21 693
2. Angle subtended in 1 minute = 6° = × × =
7 2 2 2
q = angle subtended in 35 minutes
= 346.5 cm2 1
= 35 × 6° = 210° ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
\ Area swept by the minute hand
= Area of the sector ½ 4. Given, AB = 7 cm, DE = 4 cm, and BF = 3.5 cm
DC = DE + EC = 4 + 7 = 11 cm
πr 2θ 22 14 × 14 × 210 Area of trapezium ABCD
= = × ½
360° 7 360 1
= (Sum of || lines) × (distance between them)
1078 2
= = 359·33 cm2. ½
3 1 1
= (11 + 7 ) × 3.5 = × 18 × 3.5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 2 2
= 31.5 cm2 1
3. Let a be the side of triangle. Area of the sector BGEC
3 2 30° 22 1
\ Area enclosed by the triangle =
a = × ×7×7 = × 22 × 7 = 12.83 cm2 1
4 360° 7 12
3 2 Area of shaded region
Þ a = 121 3 = Area of trapezium – Area of sector
4 =31.5 – 12.83
121 3 × 4 = 18.67 cm2 1
Þ
a2 =
3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
a = 22 cm ½

qqq

WORKSHEET-175
Solutions 3. Area of square = 196 cm2
Area of semicircles = area of AOB + area of DOC
1. Let r be the radius of the circle. 22
= × 49 = 154 cm2 ½
Area of the circle = Sum of areas of two circles 7
pr2 = p × (8)2 + p(6)2 So, area of each of the two shaded parts
or, pr2 = p(64 + 36) = 196 – 154 = 42 cm2 ½
or, r2 = 100 or, r = 10 cm Hence, area of four shaded parts = 84 cm2. 1
\ Diameter of the circle = 2 × 10 = 20 cm. 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 4. Given, in trapezium ABCD, AB = 18 cm, CD
2. Circumference of the circle = 4p cm or, r = 2 cm. = 32 cm, AB || CD and distance between || lines
Increased circumference = 8p cm. or, r = 4 cm. = 14 cm and the radius of each sector = 7 cm.
1
Area of the 1st circle = p × (2)2 = 4p cm2 Area of trapezium ABCD = (18 + 32 ) × 14
2
Area of the new circle = p (4)2 = 16p = 4 × 4p
1
\ Area of the new circle = 4 times the area of = × 50 × 14
2
first circle. 1
= 350 cm2 1

S OLUT I ONS P-155

 Let, ÐA = q1, ÐB = q2, ÐC = q3
θ4
ar of sector D = × 154
360 o

and ÐD = q4
θ1 θ 22 θ1 + θ 2 + θ 3 + θ 4
ar of sector A = πr 2 = 1 o × ×7×7 ar of 4 sectors = × 154
360 o
360 7 360 o
θ1 360 o
= × 154 cm 2 = × 154
360 o 360 o

θ2 = 154 cm2 1
ar of sector B = × 154 cm 2
360 o \ Area of shaded region = 350 – 154 = 196 cm2 1
θ3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
ar of sector C = × 154 cm 2
360 o

qqq

WORKSHEET-176
Solutions 25π
Area of semicircle = cm 2 ½
2
1.
AP = AS, BP = BQ, CR = CQ and DR = DS
Þ AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + BQ + CQ + DS 1 25π  50 π 
Area of shaded region = − − 25 3  .
D R C 2  3 

 π
= 25  3 −  cm 2 . 1
Q  6
S
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

A P B
3. As ABC is a quadrant of the circle, ÐBAC will be
Þ AB + CD = AD + CB
measured 90°.
But AB = CD and AD = CB 1
In DABC, BC2 = AC2 + AB2
\ AB = AD
= (28)2 + (28)2
Hence, ABCD is a square.
= 2(28)2
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
\ BC = 28 2 cm
Detailed Solution :
Given, a rectangle ABCD circumscribe a circle which 28 2
Radius of semi-circle drawn on BC =
touches the circle at P, Q, R, S. 2
To prove : ABCD is a square.
= 14 2 cm
Proof : As tangents from external points are equal.
1 22
AP = AS ...(i) Area of semi-circle = × × (14 2 )2
PB = BQ ...(ii) 2 7
DR = DS ...(iii) = 616 cm2 1
RC = QC ...(iv) 1 2
Area of DABC = × 28 × 28 = 392 cm ½
Add (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), 2

AP + PB + DR + RC = AS + BQ + DS + QC
1 22
AB + CD = AD + BC Area of of quadrant = × × 28 × 28
2AB = 2BC
4 7
Adjacent sides are equal so ABCD is a square. = 616 cm2 1
Area of the shaded region
2. Given, OP = OQ = PQ = 10 cm
= Area of semi-circle + Area of D
and ÐPOQ = 60° ½ – Area of quadrant
Area of segment PAQM = 616 + 392 – 616
 100 π 100 3  = 392 cm2. ½
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
=  −  cm . 1
 6 4 

qqq

P-156 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-177
Solutions 22
= × 225
7
1. Side of square = 50 cm
= 707.14 cm2 ½
\ Area of square = 50 × 50 = 2500 cm2 ½ Area of circle = pr2
D C 2
22  21 
= ×
7  2 
22 21 21
21 cm = × ×
7 2 2
15 cm
= 346.5 cm2
A 50 cm B Area of remaining sheet = Area of square
Radius of quadrant = 15 cm. – 4(area of quadrant) – Area of circle ½
1 = 2500 – 707.14 – 346.5
Area of 4 quadrants = 4 × pr2 = pr2 = 1446.36 sq. cm 1
4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= p × 15 × 15

2. Radius of each arc drawn = 6 cm ½

36
Area of one quadrant = (3.14) ×
4
Area of four quadrants = 3.14 × 36 1
= 113.04 cm2 1
Area of square ABCD = 12 × 12 = 144 cm2
Hence, Area of shaded region = 144 – 113.04
= 30.96 cm2 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

[Topper’s Answer, 2018]

3. Distance travelled by short hand in 48 hours

Total distance travelled = (32p + 576p) cm
= 4 × 2p × 4 cm = 32p cm. 1 = 608p cm 1

Distance travelled by long hand in 48 hours [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
= 48 × 2p × 6 cm = 576p cm 1

S OLUT I ONS P-157

 4. Radius of inner circle = 5 cm ½ Detailed Solution :
Radius of outer circle = 5 2 cm 1
Here, diameter of inner circle = side of the square


Required area = Area of outer circle = 10 cm
– Area of inner circle 1 10
\ Radius of inner circle = = 5 cm 1
2
A B
Diameter of outer circle = Diagonal of square

= 10 2 cm
10 2
\ Radius of outer circle = = 5 2 cm 1
2
D D
Then, the required Area = Area of outer circle
– Area of inner circle
= p [( 5 2 )2 - 5 2 ] = 25p cm2 ½

= p [( 5 2 )2 - ( 5)2 ] = 25p cm2 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

qqq

WORKSHEET-178
Solutions 2. Width of the inner parallel lines = 60 m
And the width of the outer lines = 40 × 2 = 80 m
Radius of the inner semicircles
1. Draw MO ^ AB
60
= = 30 m
2
M
80
Radius of the outer semicircles = = 40 m
2
Area of inner rectangle = 106 × 30 = 3180 m2 ½
Area of outer rectangle = 106 × 40 = 4240 m2 ½
Area of the inner semicircle
1 22
= 2 × × × 30 × 30
ÐOAB = ÐOBA = 30° ½ 2 7
1 OM 21 19800 2
sin30° = = Þ OM =
2 21 2 = m 1
7
3 AM 21 Area of outer semicircles
cos 30° = = Þ AM = 3
2 21 2 1 22
= 2 × × × 40 × 40
1 1 21 2 7
Area of DOAB = × AB × OM = × 21 3 ×
2 2 2 35200 2
= m 1
441 2 7
= 3 cm . 1
4 Area of racing track = (area of outer rectangle +
\ Area of shaded region area of outer semicircles) – (area of inner rectangle
= Area (sector OAYB) – Area (DOAB) + area of inner semicircles.)
22 120 441 35200  19800 
= × 21 × 21 × − 3 1 = 4240 + −  3180 + 
7 7  7 
360 4
 15400 7420 + 15400
3 2 2 = 1060 + =
=  462 − 441 4  cm or 271.3 cm 7 7
 
22820
(approx.) ½ = = 3260 m 2
7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Hence, area of track = 3260 m2. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
qqq

P-158 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-179
Solutions i.e. radius, r =
d
=
4
2 2
1. Radius of quadrant = OB = 152 + 152 = 15 2 cm. = 2 cm
 1 \ Area of the circle = pr2
= 3.14 × (2)2
Shaded area = Area of quadrant – Area of square ½
= 12.56 cm2
1 Therefore, area of shaded region
= × 3.14 × (15 2 )2 – (15)2 1
4 = Area of circle – Area of the square
= (12.56 – 8) = 4.56 cm2
= (353.25) – 225 = 128.25 cm2 ½
3.
Radius of circle with centre O is OR.
2. BD = 2
(2 2 ) + (2 2 ) 2 = 16 = 4 cm 1 Let OR = x

\ Radius of circle = 2 cm ½ \ x2 + x2 = (42)2 or, x = 21 2 m

1

\ Shaded area = Area of circle – Area of square ½ (Using pythagoras theorem)
= 3.14 × 22 − (2 2 )2 Area of the flower bed = Area of segment of circle
= 12.56 – 8 = 4.56 cm2 1 with centre angle = 90°
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 22 90 o
= × 21 2 × 21 2 ×
Detailed Solution : 7 360 o

Given, side of square, a = 2 2 cm. – 1 × 21 2 × 21 2 1
\
area of square = a2 = ( 2 2 )2 = 8 cm2 2

W
 e know that, the length of the diagonal of a square = 693 – 441 = 252 m2
is given by, d = a 2 ½+½+½
Þ
d = 2 2 × 2 = 4 cm \ Area of flower beds = 2 × 252 = 504 m2. ½

S
 ince, the square is inscribed in a circle, hence the
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
diagonal of square will be the diameter of the circle,
qqq

WORKSHEET-180
Solutions 2. Let the radii of the circles are r1 cm and r2 cm.
\ r1 + r2 = 14 ...(i)
1. Required Area = Area of triangle
and sum of their areas = pr12 + pr22
– Area of 3 sectors
130 p = p(r12 + r22)
1 or, 130 p = p(r12 + r22)
Area of Triangle = × 24 × 7 = 84 m2 1
2 \ r1 + r22 = 130
2
...(ii) 1
πr 2 (r1 + r2)2 = r12 + r22 + 2r1r2
Area of three sectors =
360° or, (14)2 = 130 + 2r1r2
× (Sum of three angles of triangle) or, 2r1r2 = 196 – 130
22 × 7 × 7 × 180° = 66 1
= 2 2 2
(r1 – r2) = r1 + r2 – 2r1r2
7 × 2 × 2 × 360°
= 130 – 66 = 64
77
= or 19.25 m2 1 or, r1 – r2 = 8 ...(iii) 1
4
From (i) and (iii), 2r1 = 22
259
\
Required Area = or 64.75 m2 1 or, r1 = 11 cm
4
and r2 = 14 – 11
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
= 3 cm. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

S OLUT I ONS P-159

 3. In right DABC, right angled at B, 1 1 22 35 35
= ( 21 × 28 ) + × × ×
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 2 2 7 2 2
(Pythagoras theorem) 1 22
= 282 + 212 - × × 21 × 21
4 7
= 784 + 441 = 1225
AC = 35 cm 1 = 294 + 481.25 – 346.5 1½
Area of shaded region = area of DABC + area of = 775.25 – 346.5 1
semi-circle with diameter AC – area of quadrant = 428.75 cm2. ½
with radius BC [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]

qqq

WORKSHEET-181
Solutions 22
= × 31.5 × 31.5 – 1386
7
1. (i) Radius of the Gold scoring area
21 = 3118.5 – 1386 = 1732.5 cm2 ½
= = 10.5 cm Radius of combined Gold, Red, Blue and Black region
2
= 31.5 + 10.5 = 42 cm
\ Area of the Gold scoring region
\ Area of black scoring regions = Area of combined
22
= × 10.5 × 10.5 (A = pr2) Gold, Red, Blue and Black regions – Area of
7 combined Gold, Red and Blue regions

= 346.5 cm2 22
= × 42 × 42 – 3118.5
Radius of combined Gold and Red region 7
= 10.5 + 10.5 = 5544 – 3118.5

= 21 cm = 2425.5 cm2
\ Area of Red scoring region = Area of combined Radius of combined Gold, Red, Blue, Black and

Gold and Red regions – Area of the Gold region White regions
22 = 42 + 10.5 = 52.5 cm
= × 21 × 21 – 346.5
7 \ Area of white scoring region = Area of combined
= 1386 – 346.5 = 1039.5 cm2 ½ Gold, Red, Blue, Black and White regions – Area of
Radius of combined Gold, Red and Blue regions combined Gold, Red, Blue and Black regions.
= 21 + 10.5 = 31.5 cm 22
= × 52.5 × 52.5 – 5544
\ Area of Blue scoring region = Area of combined 7

Gold, Red and Blue region – Area of combined Gold = 8662.5 – 5544 = 3118.5 cm2 1
and Red region
(ii) Areas related to circle. 1
qqq

WORKSHEET-182
Solutions Given, the diameter of park = 7 m ½
7
\ Radius = = 3·5 m
1. 2
The width of path = 0·7 m
\Radius of park with path
= 3·5 + 0·7 = 4·2 m ½
Area of the path = p(4·2)2 – p(3·5)2
22

= (17·64 − 12·25) ½
7

P-160 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 22 π 9 25 
= × 5·39 = 22 × 0­·77 = +4− +6
7 2  4 4
= 16·94 m2 1½ π  9 16 − 25 
= + +6
Cost of the cementing the path 2  4 4 
= 16·94 × 110 π 9 9
= ` 1863·40 1 = − +6 1
2  4 4 
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
= 6 cm2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] ½

2. In DABC, ÐA = 90°, AB = 3 cm, and AC = 4 cm 3. Given, the side of the square = 28 cm.
\ BC = AB 2 + AC 2 = 3 2 + 4 2 Area of the square = 28 × 28 = 784 cm ½
28
= 5 cm. ½ Radius of each circle = = 14 cm ½
3 2

Area of semicircle with radius cm + Area of semi 22
2 \ Area of two circles = 2 × × 14 × 14
2 2 7
4 p3 p4
cm =   +  
circle with radius = 1232 cm­2 ½
2 
2 2  2 2 90 o
5 Area of the 2 quadrant = 360 o × π × 14 × 14 × 2
Area of semicircle with radius cm – Area of
2 = 308 cm2 ½
2
π  5 1 Area the shaded region
DABC =   − × 3 × 4 = Area of square + Area of two circles

2 2  2
– area of two quadrants
 25  = 784 + 1232 – 308 = 1708 cm2
=  π − 6 cm
2
...(i) 1
 8  Hence, the area of shaded region = 1708 cm2 2

Area of shaded region [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
2
π  3 π 2  25 
=   + ( 2 ) −  π − 6  cm
2
1
2  2 2 8 

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-161

CHAPTER
SECTION

13
B SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
TOPIC-1
Surface Areas and Volumes
WORKSHEET-183
Solutions 4. Diameter of hemisphere = Side of cubical block
1. Correct option : (a) 2R = 7
Explanation : The sharpened part of the pencil is 7
cone and unsharpened part is cylinder. or, R =
2
2. 16 : 9
V1 Surface area of solid = Surface area of the cube –

Explanation : = 64 Area of base of hemisphere
V2
27 + curved surface area of
4 3 hemisphere
πr
Þ
3 1 = 64 = 6l2 – pR2 + 2pR2 1
4 3 27
πr 7
3 2 = 6 × 49 – 11 ×
+ 77 ½
2
[∵ r1 and r2 are the
= 332.5 cm2 ½
 radii of two spheres]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
3
 r1  64
Þ
 r  =
2 27 5. Here r + h = 37 and 2pr(r + h) = 1628 ½

r1 or, 2pr × 37 = 1628 ½
Þ
= 4 1628
r2 or, 2pr =
3 37
Now, the ratio of their surface areas,
or, r = 7 cm ½
2 2
4 πr12 r   4 16 and h = 30 cm. ½
=  1 =   = .
4 πr2 2 r 
2  3 9 22
Hence, volume of cylinder = pr2h = × 7 × 7 × 30
7
3. Curved Surface area of cylinder = 2prh = 4620 cm3. 1
Volume of cylinder = pr2h [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
πr 2 h 924 r 7
= ⇒ = 6. Length of canal covered in 30 min = 5000 m. ½
2 πrh 264 2 2
\ Volume of water flown in 30 min
\ r = 7 m = 6 × 1.5 × 5000 m3 1
2prh = 264 If 8 cm standing water is needed

or, 2×
22
× 7 × h = 264 then area irrigated = 6 × 1.5 × 5000 = 562500 m2. 1½
7 0.08
or, h = 6 m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
h 6 3 Detailed Solution :
\ = = 1 Canal is the shape of cuboid where
2r 14 7
Breadth = 6 m
Hence, h : r = 3 : 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] Depth = 1.5m
and speed of water = 10 km/hr
       Length of water moved in 60 minutes = 10 km

P-162 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 1 Now, volume of water in canal
               Length of water moved in 1 minute = × 10 km
60 =  volume of water in area
irrigated
       Length of water moved in 30 minutes
5000 × 6 × 1.5 m3 = Area irrigated × 8 cm
30
= × 10 = 5 km = 5000 m 8
60   5000 × 6 × 1.5 m3 = Area irrigated m
100

Now, volume of water in canal
5000 × 6 × 1.5 × 100 2

= Length × Breadth × Depth \
Area irrigated = m
8
= 5000 × 6 × 1.5 m3

= 5.625 × 105 m2

qqq
WORKSHEET-184
Solutions \
p(10)2h = 8 × 8 × 8
1. Correct option : (a) 8×8×8×7
\ h = ½
Explanation : A surahi is the combination of a 22×10×10
sphere and a cylinder.
2. 4pr2 = 1.629 cm.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

Explanation : When two hemispheres of equal radii
are joined base to base, new solid becomes sphere
and curved surface area of sphere is 4pr2. 2 3
5. Volume of bowl = πR
3
3. Volume of cylinder : Volume of cone : Volume of
2
hemisphere Volume of liquid in bowl = π × (18 )3 cm 3 ½
3
1 2 2 Volume of liquid after wastage
= pr2h : pr h : pr3
3 3 2 90
= π × (18 )3 × cm 3 ½
1 2 2
3 100
= pr2h : pr h : pr2 × h (∵ h = r) Volume of one bottle = pr2h
3 3
Volume of liquid in 72 bottles
1 2 = p × (3)2 × h × 72 cm3 ½
=1: :
3 3 Volume of bottles = volume of liquid after wastage
2 90
or, 3 : 1 : 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] 1 p × (3)2 × h × 72 = π × (18 )3 ×
3 100
4. L
et the height of water raised measured be h cm. 2 90
π × (18 )3 ×
½
or, h = 3 100
\ Volume of water displaced in cylinder π × ( 3)2 × 72

= p(10)2h ½
Volume of cube = 8 × 8 × 8 cm3 ½ Hence, the height of bottle = 5.4 cm. ½+1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-185
Solutions
3. Side of the cube, a = 3 8 = 2 cm
1. Correct option : (b) Now the length of cuboid
Explanation : Plumbline is an instrument used to l = 4 cm
breadth, b = 2 cm
check the verticality of an object. It is a combination
height, h = 2 cm
of a hemisphere and a cone. Surface area of cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
2.
Circle. ½

Explanation : In a right circular cone, if any cut is = 2(4 × 2 + 2 × 2 + 2 × 4)
made parallel to its base, we get a circle. = 2 × 20 = 40 cm2 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

S OLUT I ONS P-163

 4. Volume of remaining solid 2
=Volume of cylinder = p cm 3 1
– Volume of cone 3
2 133 p
1 Metal left in cylinder = 45p – π = cm 3
= πr h - πr 2 h
2
3 3
3
2.4 cm
1
2
= πr 2 h 1 Again, the required ratio
3 Volume of metal left
=
2 22 Volume of metal taken out
×0.7 ×0.7 ×2.4 ½
1.4 cm = ×
3 7 133
= 44 × 0.1 × 0.7 × 0.8 π
= 3 = 133 : 2. ½
= 4.4 × .56 = 2.464 cm3. ½ 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] π
3

5. Volume of cylinder = pr2h = p(3)2 × 5 Hence, Volume of metal left : Volume of metal
taken out = 133 : 2
= 45p cm3 ½
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
1 1 3 8
Volume of conical hole = πr 2 h = π   ×
3 3 2 9

qqq
WORKSHEET-186
Solutions 4. Volume of water in cylinder = Volume of cylinder
1. Correct option : (c) = pr2h = p × (60)2 × 180
= 648000p cm3 1
Explanation : The shape of gilli, in the gilli-danda
game is a combination of two cones and a cylinder. Water displaced on dropping cone = Volume of
solid cone
2.
3:1 1 2
= πr h

Explanation : 3

Volume of cylinder πr 2 h 3 1
= =1× =3 = π × ( 30 )2 × 60
Volume of cone 1 2 1 3
πr h
3 = 18000p cm3 1
Required ratio = 3 : 1. Volume of water left in cylinder
= Volume of cylinder – volume of cone
3. ∵ Whole surface of each part = 648000p – 18000p
= 2pr2 + pr2 = 3pr2 ½ = 630000p cm3
630000 × 22 3
\ Total surface of two parts = m
1000000 ×7
= 3pr2 + 3pr2 = 6pr2 ½
= 1.98 m3. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
qqq
WORKSHEET-187
Solutions 1
\ Volume of n marbles = (1 − )
 8
1. Correct option : (a)
part of volume of cube
Explanation : Let the spherical marble has radius r. 4 7
Diameter of the marble = 0.5 cm ⇒ n. π r 3 = × l 3
3 8
0.5
Þ r = cm = 0.25 cm 7l 3 3
2 n= ×
8 4π r 3
Length of side of l = 22 cm 7 × 3 × 22 × 22 × 22 × 7
Þ      =
Let n marbles can fill the cube. 8 × 4 × 22 × 0.25 × 0.25 × 0.25

P-164 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Þ        n = 7 × 3 × 22 × 22 × 2 × 7 3. Volume of water collected in cylindrical vessel
 = 42 × 484 × 7 4 7
= × π × (1)2 ×   m 3 1
        n = 142296 5 2
So, cube can accommodate up 142296 marbles. 44 3
= m 1
5
2
2. Capacity of first glass = pr2H – pr3
Let the rainfall is h m.
3
= p × 9 (10 – 2) = 72p cm3 Volume of rain water from roof = 22 × 20 × h m3
1 44
or, 22 × 20 × h =
1 5
Capacity of second glass = pr2H – pr2h 1
3 44 1 1
or, h = × = m
5 22 × 20 50
= p × 3 × 3 (10 – 0.5)
1
= 85.5p cm3 = 1 × 100 = 2 cm
50
∵ Suresh got more quantity of juice.
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq
WORKSHEET-188
Solutions 1 2
2. Volume of the upper cone = πr h
1. Correct option : (a) 3
Explanation : Capsule consists of 2 hemispheres 1 2
and a cylinder. Volume of the lower cone = πr H
3
0.5
   r = cm = 0.25 cm 1 2 1
2 Total volume of both the cones = πr h + πr 2 H
3 3
Þ r = 0.25 cm
Total length of capsule = r + h + r 1 2
= πr ( h + H )
Þ 2 cm = 2r + h 3
Þ       2 = 2 × 0.25 + h Thus, the quantity of water displaced will be
Þ       h = 2 – 0.5 = 1.5 cm 1 2 3
πr ( h + H ) units . 1
Volume of capsule = Volume of two hemispheres 3
+ Volume of cylinder [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
4 3 1 2
= 2 ×  πr 3 ×  + πr 2 h 3. Height of cylindrical pipe h = 21 dm
3 2
= 210 cm
= 4 πr 33 + πr 22 h 10
3 External radius R = = 5 cm
2
24 
= πr 2  r + h  6
 3  Internal radius r = = 3 cm 1
2
15
= 22 × 0.25 × 0.25  4 × 0.25 +  Volume of copper used in making the pipe
7 3 10 
= (Volume of external cylinder)
22 1 3
= × 0.25 × 0.25  +  – (Volume of internal cylinder)
7 3 2 = pR2h – pr2h 1
22 25 25 11 121 = ph (R2 – h2)
= × × × =
7 100 100 6 336 22 22
= × 210 × ( 52 − 32 ) = × 16 × 210
\ Volume of capsule = 0.3601 cm3 = 0.36 cm3. 7 7
= 10560 cm3. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

S OLUT I ONS P-165

 4. Let the radius of hemisphere = r 2
πl
l = 6l 2 + 1
\ Therefore, r = 1 4
2
1
Now, the required surface area Required urface area = (24 + π)l 2 unit2.
= Surface area of cubical block – Area of base of 4
hemisphere + Curved surface area of hemisphere. 1 22 
2

1 =  24 +  l2
4 7
= 6(side)2 – pr2 + 2pr2
l l
2 2
1 190 190 2
2 = × × l
= 6l - π   + 2 π   4 7 7
2 2
πl 2π = 184.18 l2 unit2 1
= 6l 2 - + l2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
4 2

qqq
WORKSHEET-189
Solutions Detailed Solution :
7/2 cm 7/2 cm

1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : As the cylinder just enclosed the
sphere so the radius or diameter of cylinder and
sphere are equal, i.e., 2r and height h > 2r. 13 cm
20 cm
2.
Radius of the glass = 7 cm
Height of the cylinder (h) = (20 – 7) cm = 13 cm

Height of the glass = 10 cm 7
Volume of 1 glass = pr2h
Radius of circular part (r) = cm
2
22
= ×7 ×7 ×10
Volume of solid = Volume of cylinder
7 + 2 × Volume of
= 1540 cm3 1 hemisphere
\ Volume of juice to fill 6 glasses  2π 3 
V = pr2 h + 2 ×  r 
= 6 × 1540 = 9240 cm3 1
 3 
9240  4 
\ Volume in litre = = 9.240 litre. 1 = pr2  h + r 
1000  3 


[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 22 7 7  4 7
= × × 13 + × 
7 2 2  3 2
3. Height of cylinder = 20 – 7 = 13 cm. 1
77  53  3
3.5 =   cm
2  3 
= 680.2 cm3
20 cm 13 cm
4. Let the radii of two cylinders be 2x and 3x and their
heights be 5y and 4y respectively. ½
3.5 Again, ratio of their curved surface areas
2 π ×2 x ×5 y 5
2 3 = = 1
 7 4  7 2 π ×3 x ×4 y 6
Total volume = p   .13 + π   cm3 1
 2 3  2 Q Hence, their curved surface areas are in the ratio

22 49  4 7 of 5 : 6.
= ×  13 + .  cm3 π ×(2 x )2 ×5 y
7 4  3 2 \ Ratio of their volumes = 1
2
π ×(3 x ) ×4 y
77 × 53
= = 680.17 cm3 1
6 5×4
=
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 4 ×9

P-166 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 5  21   7 7 
= ½ Required time =  50 × 44 ×  ÷ π × × × 15000
9  100   100 100 
Hence, their volumes are in the ratio of 5 : 9.
 7 7 
and their CSAs are in the ratio of 5 : 6  π × 100 × 100 × 15000
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= 2 hours 2
5. Quantity of water flowing through pipe in 1 hour [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020]
7 7
=p× × × 15000 m3 2
100 100

qqq
WORKSHEET-190
3
Solutions r  4
3
64
=  1  =   = = 64 : 27.
1. Correct option : (a)  r2   3 27
Explanation :
A1 4 πr12 2. Total surface Area of articles = CSA of cylinder +
16
Given, = = CSA of 2 hemispheres
A2 4 πr22 9 CSA of cylinder = 2prh

2
 r1  16 22
 r  = = 2 × × 3.5 × 10
2 9 7

r1 4 = 220 cm2 1
16
= = Surface area of two hemispherical scoops
r2 9 3
22
= 4 × × 3.5 × 3.5
Now, volumes of two spheres, 7
4 3
pr1 = 154 cm2 1
V1
= 3 \ Total surface area of article = 220 + 154
V2 4 3
pr = 374 cm2 1
3 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

3. Radius of conical heap = 12 m ½

1 22
Volume of rice = × × 12 × 12 × 3.5 m3
3 7
= 528 m3 1
Area of canvas cloth required = prl
l = 12 2 + ( 3.5)2 = 12.5 m ½

22
\
Area of canvas required = × 12 × 12.5
7
= 471.4 m2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1
Detailed Solution :

S OLUT I ONS P-167


[Topper’s Answer, 2018]

4.
.

[Topper's Answer, 2017] 3

qqq

P-168 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-191
Solutions Volume of earth dug out = pr2h
22
1. Edge of the cube = 4.2 cm. = × 2 × 2 × 21
Height of the cone = 4.2 cm. 7
4.2 = 264 m2 1
Radius of the cone = = 2.1 cm.
2 Width of embankment = 3 m
1 2 Outer radius of ring = 2 + 3 = 5 m
Volume of the cone = πr h Let the height of embankment be h
3
\ Volume of embankment = Volume of earth dug out
1 22
= × × ( 2.1)2 × 4.2 p(R2 – r2)h = 264
3 7 22
× ( 25 − 4 ) × h = 264 1
= 19. 4 cm3 1 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
264 × 7
h= =4
2. Diameter of earth dug out = 4 m 22 × 21
Radius of earth dug out, r = 2 m \ Height of embankment = 4 m. 1
Depth of the earth, h = 21 m, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

3.

[Topper’s Answer, 2016] 3

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WORKSHEET-192
Solutions 2 3
Capacity of the bowl = πr
1. Let r be the radius of bowl. 3
\ 2pr = 132 2 22
132 × 7 = × × 21 × 21 × 21
or, r = = 21 cm 3 7
2 × 22

S OLUT I ONS P-169

 = 19404 cm3 1 Total surface area of solid = TSA of cube – Area of
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] circle + TSA of hemisphere.
2 2
2. Radius of conical vessel = 5 cm  3.5   3.5 
= 216 cm2 – p.   cm2 + 2.p.   cm
2
and its height = 24 cm  2   2 
1
Volume of this vessel = πr 2 h  22 3.5 3.5 22 3.5 3.5 
3 =  216 − × × + 2× × × cm2
 7 2 2 7 2 2 
1
= × π × 5 × 5 × 24
3  77 77 
=  216 − +  cm2
= 200p cm3. 1  8 4 

Internal radius of cylindrical vessel = 10 cm
Let the height of emptied water be h.  1728 - 77 + 154  2
=   cm
\ Volume of water in cylinder  8 
3
= × Volume of cone 1805
4 = = 225.625 cm2
8
3
Þ pr2h = × Volume of cone 1
4 22 3
Þ p × 10 × 10 × h = 150 p 4. Volume of milk = ×1×1×4·2 = 13·2 m
7 1
Þ h = 1.5 cm
Hence the height of water = 1.5 cm 1 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] Milk to booth I = 13·2× = 2·64 ×3
5
3. Surface area of block = 7.92 m3 ½
2
22 3.5 3.5 22 3.5 3.5
Milk to booth II = 13·2× = 2·64 ×2
= 216 − × × +2× × × 1+½+½ 5
7 2 2 7 2 2
= 5.28 m3 ½
= 225.625 cm2. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1
7·92
Detailed Solution : \ Height in 1st vessel = = 2 m 1
3·96

Given, side of cube = 6 cm
5·28 5·28×7

diameter of hemisphere = 3.5 cm Height in 2nd vessel =
=
22 22
3.5 ×1
radius of hemisphere = 7
2
= 1.68 m. 1
Total surface area of cube = 6a2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= 6 × (6)2 = 216 cm2
qqq
WORKSHEET-193
Solutions Slant height = h 2 + r 2 = 24 2 + 7 2
= 576 + 49 = 25 m 1
a3 1
1. Given, = ½ Surface area of the tent = prl
A3 27 22
= × 7 × 25
a 1 7
Þ
=
A 3 = 550 m2 1

2 Surface area of 10 tents = 550 × 10
6a2 1 1 = 5500 m2
Ratio of sufrace areas = =   = . ½
6 A2 3 9 40
Total cost = 5500 × = ` 110000
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 2
Hence, the amount by which Rampal helped the
2. Diameter of tent = 14 m and height = 24 m centre = ` 110000 1
\ radius of tent = 7 m [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

P-170 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 3. Total surface area = 2(lb + bh + hl) + 2prh – 2pr2 22 7
= 2 × × ×5
7
7 2
Here, l = 15 cm, b = 10 cm, h = 5 cm, r = cm
2 = 110 cm2 1
TSA of cuboidal block = 2 (15 × 10 + 10 × 5 22 7 7
Area of two circular bases = 2 × × ×
+5 × 15) 7 2 2
= 550 cm2 1 = 77 cm2 ½
C.S.A. of cylinder = 2prh Required area = 550 + 110 – 77 = 583 cm2. ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq
WORKSHEET-194
Solutions or, 12.25 h = 159.25 – 85.75
73.5
or, h = = 6 cm ½
Sol. Given, radius of cone = radius of hemisphere = r 12.25

r = 3.5 cm.
Height of the toy = 6 + 3.5 = 9.5 cm. ½
5 1001
Total volume, V = 166 cm 3 Mch-9-107
= cm 3 ½ Curved surface area of hemisphere = 2pr 2
6 6
Let the height of cone be h. 22
= 2 × × 3.5 × 3.5
Total volume = Volume of cone 7
+ Volume of hemisphere = 77 cm2 ½
Cost of painting = ` 10 × 77
= ` 770 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
h
2. Speed of water in pipe = 5 km/hour
In an hour length of water = 5000 m
Let time taken to fill the tank be t.
\ Total length of water = t × 5000 m ½
3.5 cm
Volume of water flown = Volume of water in tank
½
Þ pr2h = l × b × h
1001 1 2
= πr 2 h + πr 3 22  7 
2
7
6 3 3 Þ
×  × 5000 t = 50 × 44 × 1
7  100  100
1001 1 2
or, = π( 3.5)2 h + π( 3.5)3
6 3 3 22 7 7 7
Þ
× × × 5000t = 50 × 44 × 1
1001 1 7 100 100 100
or, = π[12.25 h + 2 × 42.875]
6 3 50 × 44
Þ
t= =2
1001 × 3 × 7 22 × 50
or, = 12.25h + 85.75
6 × 22 Hence, time taken to fill the tank = 2 hours. 1
21021 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
or, = 12.25h + 85.75 ½
132

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WORKSHEET-195
Solutions 1 2.52
Water flows in hour = = 1.26 km
2 2
1. Let the internal diameter of the pipe be r m.
= 1260 m 1
Water flows in 1 hour = 2.52 km.

S OLUT I ONS P-171

 1 Total volume = 3.14 (12)2 (220) + 3.14(8)2(60) cm3 1
Volume of water flows in hour = pr2h. = 99475.2 + 12057.6 = 111532.8 cm3
2
1
= pr2 × 1260
111532.8 × 8
Volume of the water in cylindrical tank Mass = kg 1
1000
2
 40  = 892.262 kg 1
= p ×  1
 × 3.15
 100  [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Volume of water flow = Volume of increased
water
2 Detailed Solution :
2 2
To find mass of pole, we need to find volume of pole.
pr × 1260 = p   × 3.15
5
Volume of pole = Volume of small cylinder
2 2 + Volume of large cylinder
or, 1260r2 = × × 3.15
5 5
Now, Volume of small cylinder,


Radius = r = 8cm
4 315 1 1
or, r2 =
× × = ½
Height = h1 = 60cm
25 100 1260 2500
Volume of small cylinder = p r2 h1

1 = 3.14 × (8)2 × 60

or, r = m = 2 cm
50
= 3.14 × 64 × 60
Internal diameter of pipe = 4 cm. ½ = 12057.6 cm3

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Volume of large cylinder,

Height = h2 = 220 cm
1 2 diameter
2. Volume of water in cone = πr h
Radius = R =
3 2

24
1 = = 12 cm
= π × ( 5 )2 × 8 2

3
200
= π cm 3 ½
3
Volume of water flown out
1 200 50
= × π= π cm 3 1
4 3 3
Let the radius of one spherical ball be r cm 1½
4 3 50
\ πr × 100 = π
3 3
50 1
r3 = =
4 × 100 8
1
or, r = = 0.5 cm 1
2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Volume of large cylinder = p R2 h2

= 3.14×(12)2 × 220

3. 8 cm

= 3.14 × 144 × 220
60 cm = 99475.2 cm3


Now, Volume of pole = Volume of small cylinder
+ Volume of large cylinder
220 cm

= 12057.6 + 99475.2
= 111532.8 cm3

12 cm Since, 1 cm3 of iron has 8 gm mass


So, given volume of iron has mass

= 111532.8 × 8 gm

P-172 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


= 892262.4 gm
= 892.2624 kg

=
892262.4
kg

= 892.26 kg
1000

qqq
WORKSHEET-196
Solutions = 2034720 – 904320
= 1130400 cm3 ½
1. Given, height of cone, h = 120 cm, radius of cone r [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
= 60 cm.
Radius of hemisphere = 60 cm. 2. A
1 E F
Volume of cone = πr 2 h
3
1
= × 3.14 × 60 × 60 × 120
3 2 cm
= 3.14 × 60 × 60 × 40
= 452160 cm3 1
2 3
Volume of hemisphere= πr B C
3
2
= × 3.14 × 60 × 60 × 60
3
= 452160 cm3 ½
H G
O P ½
Let BPC is a hemisphere and ABC is a cone.
Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone
4
120 cm

180 cm = = 2 cm
2
h = Height of cone = 2 cm
60 cm 2 1
A B Volume of toy = πr 3 + πr 2 h
3 3
60 cm

1 1
Þ πr 2 ( 2r + h ) = × 3.14 × 2 × 2 ( 2 × 2 + 2 )

3 3
1
y = × 3.14 × 4 × 6
3
Total volume = Volume of cone
= 25.12 cm3 ...(i)
+ Volume of hemisphere
Let right circular cylinder EFGH circumscribe the
= 452160 + 452160
given solid toy. 1½
= 904320 cm3 ½
Height of cylinder = 180 cm, Radius of cylinder = 2 cm,
radius = 60 cm. Height of cylinder = 4 cm
Volume of water in the cylinder Volume of right circular cylinder = pr2h
= Volume of cylinder = 3.14 × (2)2 × 4 cm3 ...(ii)
= pr2h
= 50.24 cm3 1
= 3.14 × 60 × 60 × 180
\ Difference of two volumes = Volume of cylinder
= 2034720 cm3 ½
Water left in the cylinder = Volume of water in – Volume of toy
cylinder = 50.24 – 25.12
– Volume of (cone + sphere) = 25.12 cm3. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-173

 WORKSHEET-197
Solutions 2.8
= = 1.4 cm
1. 2
2 cm 2 cm Length of cylindrical portion
= 5 – 1.4 – 1.4 = 2.2 cm
1.5 cm
1.4 cm
8 cm

1.5 cm

2 cm 2 cm 1.4 cm

3 2.2 cm
(i) Here,
radius of two cones and cylinder = cm 1.4 cm 1.4 cm
2 Now, Volume of one gulab jamun = Volume of
= 1.5 cm cylinder part + 2 × Volume of hemispherical part
Height of each cone = 2 cm
\ Height of cylindrical portion = 12 – 2 – 2 = 8 cm
2
= p(1.4)2 × 2.2 + 2 × p(1.4)3
\ Volume of the air in model 3
= Volume of cylindrical part + 2 × Volumes of 22  4 
conical part = × (1.4 )2 2.2 + × 1.4 
7  3 
1
= p(1.5)2 × 8 + 2 π(1.5)2 ×2 1 22 12.2 75.152
3 × 1.96 ×
= = cm3
7 3 3 1
22  4
= ×(1.5)2  8 +  Volume of 45 gulab jamun
7  3 75.152
= 45 × = 1127.28 cm3
22 28 3
= ×2.25× 1
7 3 Volume of syrup in 45 gulab jamun
= 66 cm3. = 30% of 1127.28 1
(ii) Volume (Mensuration). 1 30
= × 1127.28 = 338.18 cm3
2. (i) Radius of cylindrical portion and hemispherical 100
portion of a gulab jamun = 338 cm3 (approx.) 1
(ii) Volume (Mensuration)
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TOPIC-2
Problems involving converting one type of metalic solid
into another
WORKSHEET-198
Solutions For Cone
8
1. Correct option : (b)    r = = 4 cm
2
Explanation : During recasting a shape into another
shape it’s volume does not change.   h = ?
For Spherical shell During recasting volume remains same so,
4 Volume of cone = Volume of hollow spherical shell
r1 = = 2 cm
2 1 4 4
⇒ π r 2 h = π r23 - π r13
8 3 3 3
r2 = = 4 cm
2

P-174 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 1 4 4
⇒ π r 2 h = π ( r23 - r13 ) Þ
2
n πr 3 = pR h 1
3 3 3
2 3 3
Þ    r h = 4( r2 - r1 ) Þ n×

4 7
× ×
7
×
7
= 3.5 × 3.5 × 14
Þ 4 × 4h = 4[(4)3 – (2)3] 3 12 12 12
Þ         4h = 64 – 8 3.5 × 3.5 × 14 × 3 × 12 × 12 × 12
Þn=

56 4×7×7×7
Þ      h =
4 = 0.5 × 0.5 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 12 × 12
Þ      h = 14 cm = 648
2. Same or unaltered Hence, number of recast balls = 648 1
Explanation : During reshaping a solid, the volume [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
of new solid will be equal to old one or remains
unaltered. 5. Radius of given sphere = 10.5 cm
3. Let the number of spheres be n. 4
\ Volume of sphere = πr 3
Radius of sphere r1 = 3 cm, radius of cylinder r2 = 3
2 cm 4
Volume of spheres = Volume of cylinder = π × 10.5 × 10.5 × 10.5
3
4
n × π r13 = p r22 h = 4p × 3.5 × 10.5 × 10.5 cm3 1
3 Radius of one recast cone = 3.5 cm
4 22 22 and height = 3 cm
or, n× × × (3)3 = × (2)2 × 45
3 7 7 1
\ Volume = π × 3.5 × 3.5 × 3
or, 36 n = 180 3

180 = p × 3.5 × 3.5 cm3 1
or, n = =5
36 Let the number of recast cones be n.
\ n × p × 3.5 × 3.5 cm3 = 4 × p × 3.5 × 10.5 ×
Thus, the number of solid spheres = 5. 1
10.5 cm3
4. Let the number of recast balls be n 4 × 3.5 × 10.5 × 10.5
Þ n = = 126
radius of cylinder R = 3.5 cm 3.5 × 3.5
height of cylinder h = 14 cm Hence, number of recast cones = 126. 1
7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
radius of recast balls r = cm
12
\
Volume of n balls = Volume of cylinder

qqq
WORKSHEET-199
Solutions (49 × 33 × 24 × 3 × 7)
=
(4 × 22)
1. Correct option : (a)
Explanation : Solid cuboid of iron is moulded into Þ         r3 = 7 × 7 × 7 × 3 × 3 × 3
solid sphere. Þ      r = 21 cm
For hence, volume of cuboid and sphere are equal. 2. 2r.
For sphere Explanation : Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
 r = ? Let the radius of cone be R cm.
cuboid 4 3 1
pr = pR2 × r
  l = 49 cm 3 3
b = 33 cm or, 4r3 = R2r
h = 24 cm or, R2 = 4r2
\ Volume of sphere (solid) = Volume of cuboid or, R = 2r
4 3. Let the radius of spherical ball be R.
Þ =l×b×h
3πr 3 Volume of spherical ball = Volume of three balls
(l × b × h × 3) 4 4
Þ       r3 = π R3 = π [(3)3 + (4)3 + (5)3]
(4 × π) 3 3

S OLUT I ONS P-175


or, R3 = 27 + 64 + 125
4 4 4
or, R3 = 216 Þ p (3)3 + p. (3)3.7 = pR3 1
or, R = 6 cm 1
3 3 3

4. Diameter of sphere = 6 cm Þ R3 = (3)3 (1+7)

Diameter of cylindrical vessel = 12 cm Þ R = 3(2) = 6 ½
4 3  Diameter = 12 cm 1
Volume of sphere = πr
3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

4 6. Volume of cuboidal block = l × b × h

= ×π×3×3×3
3 = 15 × 10 × 3.5 = 525 cm3 1
= 36p cm3 1 Volume of one cone
\ Volume of sphere = Increase volume in 1 2
cylinder = πr h
3
36p = p(6)2 × h
h = 1 cm 1 22
= × × 0.5 × 0.5 × 2.1 cm 3
\ Level of water rise in vessel = 1 cm. 1 3 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
= 0.55 cm3 1
5. Radius of first sphere =3 cm Volume of 4 cones = 0.55 × 4 = 2.2 cm3
1
4 Volume of wood remaining in pen stand
 Mass p (3)3 d = 1 {d= density}
3 = 525 – 2.2
let radius of 2nd sphere be r cm = 522.80 cm3. 1
4 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
 Mass p (r)3. d = 7 Þ r3 = 7 (3)3 ½
3
qqq

WORKSHEET-200
Solutions (7 × 270 × 300 × 350 × 100 × 10 × 100)
Þn=

(8 × 225 × 1125 × 875)
1. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : The volume of the wall covered by Þ n = 2 × 4 × 350 × 4 = 32 × 350 = 11,200 bricks.
1 286 cm2
2.
mortar = part Explanation : Surface area of metal sheet
8
 1 = 2 [lb + bh + hl]
So, the volume covered by bricks of wall = 1 −  = 2 [27 × 8 + 8 × 1 + 27 × 1]
 8
= 2 [216 + 35] = 502 cm2
7
volume of wall = volume of wall Since this sheet is melted to form a cube, therefore,
8 Volume of cube = Volume of cuboid metal sheet
side3 = (27 × 8 × 1) cm3
3
Bricks (Cuboid) Wall (Cuboid) side = 27 × 8 × 1 = 6 cm.
l1  = 22.5 cm l  = 270 cm \ Surface area = 6 × 62 = 216 cm2
Difference = 502 – 216 = 286 cm2.
b1 = 11.25 cm b = 300 cm
h1 = 8.75 cm h = 350 cm 3. No. of spheres = 12
Radius of cone, r = 1 cm
Let n be the number of bricks.
Height of the cone = 48 cm
According to the question, we have
\ Volume of 12 spheres = Volume of cone
7 Let the radius of sphere be R cm
Volume of n bricks = Volume of wall (Cuboid)
8 4 1
7 12 × π R3 = π r2h
Þ n × l 1 × b1 × h 1 = ×lxbxh 3 3
8
4 1
(7 × l × b × h ) (7 × 270 × 300 × 350) or, 12 × π R3 = π × (1)2 × 48
Þn=
= 3 3
(8 × l1 × b1 × h1 ) (8 × 22.5 × 11.25 × 8.75)

P-176 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 16R3 = 16 1 2
5. Volume of cone = πr h
or, R3 = 1 3

or, R = 1 cm 1
Volume of metal in 504 cones
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
1 22 3.5 3.5
= 504 × × × × ×3 ½
3 7 2 2
4. Volume of coin = pr2h
22 4 4 22
= × (0.75)2 × 0.2 cm3 ½ Volume of Sphere = πr 3 = × × r 3
7 3 3 7 1

22 Since, Volume of sphere = Volume of 504 cones
Volume of cylinder = × (2.25)2 × 10 cm3 ½ 4 22 3 1 22 35 35
7 × × r = 504 × × × × ×3 ½
3 7 3 7 20 20
Volume of cylinder
No. of coins = ½  21 
3
Volume of coin or, r3 =  
 22   2 
2
 7 × ( 2.25) × 10  or, r = 10.5 cm
 
= \ Diameter = 21 cm ½
 22 2  and surface area = 4pr2
 7 × ( 0.75) × 0.2 
  22
= 4 × × 10.5 × 10.5
= 450 ½ 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] = 1386 cm2 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq
WORKSHEET-201
Solutions π(2)2 × 45 × 3
= = 5.
1. Correct option : (c) 4 × π × ( 3)3
Explanation : Solid cylinder is recasted into 12
spheres. 3. Let the edge of single cube be x cm
So, the volume of 12 spheres will be equal to the Volume of single cube = Volume of three cubes
volume of the cylinder. x3 = (3)3 + (4)3 + (5)3
12 For spheres = 27 + 64 + 125
R = ? = 216
For cylinder or, x = 6 cm 1
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
r = = 1 cm
2 4. Volume of cuboid = 9 × 8 × 2 cm3 ½
h = 16 cm Volume of cube = 2 × 2 × 2 cm3 ½
\ Volume of 12 spheres = Volume of cylinder Let number of recast cubes be n.
4 \ Volume of n cubes = Volume of cuboid
Þ = pr2h n × 2 × 2 × 2 = 9 × 8 × 2
3pr 3
9×8×2
3 (3r 2 h) (3 × 1 × 1 × 16) n = = 18 1
Þ       
R = = =1 2×2×2
(4 × 12) (4 × 12)
Hence, number of cubes recast = 18.
Þ          R = 1 cm [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
Hence, diameter = 2R = 2 × 1 = 2 cm.
2. 5 5. Height of cylinder = height of cone = 8 cm
Explanation : No. of solid spheres radius of cylinder = radius of cone = 6 cm
Volume of cylinder \ Slant height of cone =
8 2 + 6 2 = 64 + 36
=
Volume of sphere
= 10 cm ½
πR 2 h
Total surface area of remaining solid = Curved
=
4 3 surface area of cylinder + Surface area of cone +
πr Area of top cylinder = 2prh + prl + pr2
3

S OLUT I ONS P-177

 radius of cone = 3 cm ½
= pr(2h + l + r) 1
and height = 9 cm
22
= × 6 ( 2 × 8 + 10 + 6 ) Let the number of toys recast be n. ½
7 \ Volume of n conical toys = Volume of cylinder
1
22
= × 6 × 32 1
7 n × π × 3 × 3 × 9 = p × 6 × 6 × 15
3
= 603.43 1
6 × 6 × 15
Hence total surface area of remaining solid n =
3×9
= 603.43 cm2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] ½
n = 20
Hence the number of toys = 20. 2
6. Given, height of cylinder = 15 cm
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
and its diameter = 12 cm
\ radius = 6 cm

qqq

TOPIC-3
Frustum of Cone
WORKSHEET-202
Solutions 1 r 2h
π×
Volume of upper part of cone
1. Correct option : (d) = 3 8
Volume of cone 1 2
Explanation : A shuttle cock used for playing πr h
badminton has the shape of the combination of 3
frustum of a cone and a hemisphere. 1
=
2. Frustum of a cone. 8
Explanation : The radius of the Lower circular part = 1 : 8 1
is smaller than the upper part. So, it is frustum of a [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
cone.
4. Let r be the radius of the top., h = 12 – 4 = 8 cm
1  r 2 h
3. Volume of upper cone = π   × 4 12
3 2 2 =
r 6

\
r = 2 cm
½
h/2
l = h 2 + ( R - r )2

h
= ( 8 )2 + ( 6 - 2 )2

h/2
= 64 + 16 = 80

= 4 5 = 4 × 2.236
r
= 8.944 cm ½
1 r2 h 1 r 2h Total surface area of frustum
= π × = π
3 4 2 3 8 = p[R2 + r2+ l (R + r)]
1 22
Volume of cone = π r2 h = [(6)2 + (2)2 + 8.944 (6 + 2)]
3 7

P-178 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 22 = 350.59 cm2. 1
= [36 + 4 + 71.552]
7 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
22
= × 111.552
7

5. Here r1 = 15 cm, r2 = 5 cm and h = 24 cm

(i) Area of metal sheet = CSA of the bucket + Area of lower circle
= pl(r1 + r2) + pr22 1
where l = 24 2 + (15 − 5)2 = 26 cm 1
2
\ Surface area of metal sheet = 3.14 (26 × 20 + 25) cm
= 1711.3 cm2 1
(ii) We should avoid use of plastic because it is non-degradable or similar value. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

S OLUT I ONS P-179


[Topper's Answers, 2018]

qqq
WORKSHEET-203
Solutions 4. Volume of the milk container =Volume of frustum
1
1. Correct option : (a) = πh[ R 2 + r 2 + Rr ]
Explanation : Here, r1 = 7 cm, r2 = 28 cm, l = 45 cm 3
Curved surface area of bucket = pl(r1 + r2) 1
= π × 30( 40 2 + 20 2 + 40 × 20 )
22 3
= × 45(7 + 28)
7 = 10p (1600 + 400 + 800)
22 22
= × 45 × 35 = 10 × × 2800
7 7
Þ Curved surface area of bucket = 22 × 45 × 5 cm2 = 88000 cm3

= 4,950 cm2
= 88 litre 1
1 880
2. ph [r12 + r22 + r1r2] Number of containers needed = = 10
3 88
8 cm Cost of milk = ` 880 × 35
= ` 30800 1
3. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

5.

16 cm

h l

d
12 cm
20 cm
Curved surface of upper cone 1
8 cm
Curved surface of original conee
=
9
πrl 1
or, =
πRL 9
l
rl 1
or, = ...(i) 1
RL 9
Now
20 cm DAOB ~ DACD (by AA similarity)
Slant height of the frustum
r h l
\ = = ...(ii) 1
l = h2 + d 2 = 16 2 + ( 20 - 8 )2 R H L
Substituting (ii) in (i),
= (16 )2 + (12 )2
h h 1
= or, × =
256 + 144 H H 9

= 400 h2 1
= 20 cm. 1 or, =
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] H2 9

P-180 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 h 1 \ Ratio of the line segments OA : OC = 1 : 2. 1
or, =
H 3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
Height of upper cone 1 1
Hence, = =
Height of lower frustum 3 − 1 2

qqq
WORKSHEET-204
Solutions
= 676 - 100
1. Correct option : (a) = 576 = 24 cm. 1
Explanation :Bucket is in the shape of a frustum of a [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
cone.
44 4. Given,
Here, r1 = 24/2 = 12 cm, r2 = = 22 cm, h = 35 cm
2 Volume of the bucket = 12308.8 cm3

The volume of the bucket is given by, r1 = 20 cm and r2 = 12 cm

Let h be the height of bucket.
1
V = 1 πh( r1 22 + r2 22 + r1r2 )
We have,
V = 3 πh( r1 + r2 + r1r2 )
3 πh 2 2
1 22
Volume of bucket = ( r1 + r2 + r1r2 ) 1
= 1 × 22 × 35(12 22 + 22 22 + 12 × 22 )
= 3 × 7 × 35(12 + 22 + 12 × 22 ) 3
3 7
1 × 22 × 35 h
= 1 × 22 × 35 (144 + 484 + 264 )
Þ 12308.8 = 3.14 × 2 2
(20 +12 + 20 × 12)
= 3 × 7 (144 + 484 + 264 ) 3
3×7
22 × 35 × 892 110 × 892
= 22 × 35 × 892 cm 33 = 110 × 892 litres 3
= 3×7 cm = 3 × 1, 000 litres
Þ h = 12 308.8 × = 15 cm 1
3×7 3 × 1, 000 3.14 × 784
9 , 812
= 9 , 812 litres = 32.706 litres
= 300 litres = 32.706 litres
\ height of the bucket, h = 15 cm.
300

Now, l = h 2 + ( r1 − r2 )2 = 15 2 + 8 2 = 225 + 64
2. Frustum of cone
= 17 cm

Explanation : The new part that is left over on the

\ Surface area of the metal sheet used
other sides of the plane is called frustum of cone.

= π r22 + π ( r1 + r2 )l 1
3. Here, l = 26 cm, upper radius = 18 cm, = 3.14 × (12)2+3.14(20+12)17

lower radius = 8 cm

= 3.14 (144+544)
d = difference in radius = 18 – 8 = 10 cm.
Let h be the height of bucket
= 2160.32 sq. cm. 1

Hence, height of the bucket is 15 cm and area of the
\ h = l2 - d2 = 26 2 - (18 - 8 )2
metal sheet used is 2160.32 sq. cm.
= ( 26 )2 - (10 )2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

qqq
WORKSHEET-205
Solutions l = 4 cm
2pR = 18
1. 18 9
or, R = ⇒R= 1
2π π
2pr = 6 1
6
or, r =
2π

S OLUT I ONS P-181

 3 35πr12 7
= cm Ratio of two parts = =
π 5πr12 1
Curved surface area of frustum Hence the ratio of two parts = 7 : 1 1
= pl(R + r) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
9 3
= p × 4  +  3.
Let the radii of smaller cone and original cone be
π π r1 and r2 respectively and the height of smaller
12 cone be h.
= 4p × = 48 cm2. 1
π DABC ~ DAPQ
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] h r1
Þ = ...(i) 1
30 r2
2. Volume of smaller cone
1
= × Volume of original cone
27

Let the radius of cone be r2 and cut of cone r1

Height of the cone = 10 cm 1
And the height the cone cut off = 5 cm
DAOC ~ DAO'D 1 1 2
1 2
AO r 10 Þ πr1 × h = × πr2 × 30 1
\ = 2 = 3 27 3
AO ' r1 5
2
 r1  h 1
Þ r2 = 2r1 1 Þ  r  × 30 = 27
1 2 2
Volume of cut off cone = πr1 × 5
3  h
2
h 1
Þ   × =
5 2 30 30 27
= pr1 sq. units
3
 h r1 
1
π ( 2r1 ) × 10
2  Using 30 = r From (i)

Volume of original cone = 2
3
3
40 2 Þ  h = 1
= πr1 sq. units  
3 30 27
Volume of frustum = Volume of original cone 30 × 30 × 30
Þ h3 = 1
– Volume of cut of cone 27

40 2 5 2 h = 10 cm ½
= πr1 − πr1
3 3 Hence, required height = (30 – 10) = 20 cm. ½
35 2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
= πr1 sq. units 1
3

qqq

P-182 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-206
Solutions 2. Total height of cone = 20 cm
1. and vertex angle = 30°
Let the radius of cone be r2

r2 1
\ = tan 30° Þ
20 3

20
r2 = cm 1
3
The height of the cone cut off = 10 cm
Let its radius be r1
r1 10
Þ
= tan 30° Þ r1 = cm.
Let the height of larger cone be H 10 3

Let height of smaller cone be h 1
and radius of larger & smaller cones are R and r
Now, DONC ~ DOMA
h r l 30° 10 cm
\ = = 1
H R L r1
h
15 20 cm
or C.S.A. of the frustum =
16 1
32
of (C.S.A. of cone OAB)
15 1
and C.S.A. of cone OCD = 1 − = r2
16 16
of (C.S.A. of cone OAB)
C.S.A. of cone OCD 1
or, =
Let the length of wire be l
C.S.A. of cone OAB 16 1
πrl 1 Its radius = cm
or, = 1 32
πRL 16

 Volume of frustum = Volume of wire
 r  l  1
or, R L = 1
    16 Þ π × h (r1 )2 + (r2 )2 + (r1r2 ) = pr2l

3  
 h  h  1  l h
or, HH = ∵ L = H  1  10 2  20 2 10 20 
    16  
Þ × 10 × π 
 +  + × 
h 1 3  3   3  3 3 
or, =
H 4
2
1  1
or, h = H 1 = π  × l
 32 
4
1 1
\ ON = H Þ 1 × 10  100 + 400 + 200  =
×l 1
4 3   32 × 32
 3 3 3 
3
and MN = H Þ 1 700 1 1
4 × 10 × = × ×l
3 3 32 32
or, ON : MN = 1 : 3 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
Þ
32 × 32 × 700 × 10
l=
3×3
= 796444.44 cm.
Hence, the length of wire = 7964.44 m. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-183

 WORKSHEET-207
Solutions Volume of frustum DEGF
1 2 1
= πr3 .3h − r22 .2 h
1. Let the radii of three cones from top be r1, r2 and r3 3 3
respectively. 1 1
= π (3r1 ) 3h − ( 2r1 ) .2 h
2 2
Let the height of given cone be 3 h. 3 3
So, the height of cone ADE = 2h.
1 2
and height of cone ABC = h = πr1 h ( 27 − 8 )
r h 3
\ DABC ~ ADE, 1 = 19 2
r2 2 h = πr1 h
3
Þ
2r1 = r2 ½
r1 1 2 7 2 19 2
h Ratio = πr1 h : πr1 h : πr1 h 1
DABC ~ AFG
= 3 3 3
r3 3 h

Hence, required ratio = 1 : 7 : 19. ½
A
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
h
r1 2. Surface area of bucket = p(r1 + r2) l + pr12

B C
2h
l = h 2 + ( r2 − r1 )2

r2 3h = 20 2 + ( 36 − 21)2
D E
= 625 = 25 cm ½
\ Surface area of 1 bucket
22
r3
= [(36 + 21) × 25 + 212]
7
F G
22
= × 1866 cm2 1
3r1 = r3 ½ 7
1 2
Volume of cone ABC = πr1 h Surface are of 10 buckets
3
22
1 = × 18660 cm2 ½
Volume of cone ADE = π (r2 ) 2 h
2
½ 7
3
22 18660 × 42
1 Cost of aluminium sheet = ` × 1
= π ( 2r1 ) 2 h
2
7 100
3
1 1 2 = ` 24631.20
2
Volume of frustum BCED = π4 r1 2 h − πr1 h Any relevant comment 1
3 3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
7 2
= πr1 h 1
3

qqq

P-184 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

CHAPTER
SECTION

14
B STATISTICS
TOPIC-1
Mean, Median and Mode
WORKSHEET-208
Solutions n
∑ xi = x + x + x + ... n times
1. Correct option : (c) i =1
Explanation : In the given formula, a is assumed
n
mean from class marks (x1) and di = xi – a
Therefore, di is the deviation of class mark (mid-
Þ
∑ xi = n xi ...(ii)
i =1
value) from the assumed mean ‘a’.
2. 0
From equations (i) and (ii), we have
Explanation :
n n

n
Þ ∑ fi xi = ∑ xi
fi xi i =1 i =1
x = ∑ n
i =1 n

n
Þ ∑ fi xi – xi = 0
i =1
\
∑ fi xi =nx ...(i)
i =1

3.
C.I. 5 – 10 10–15 15–20 20–25
f 7 15 6 2

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1

4. Modal class is 30 – 35, l = 30, f1 = 25, f0 = 10, f2 = 7 and h = 5

 f1 - f0  25 - 10
Mode = l +  2 f - f - f  × h Þ Mode = 30 + 50 - 10 - 7 × 5

1 0 2

= 30 + 2.27 or 32.27 approx. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2

5.
xi - a
C.I. fi xi ui = fiui
h
20 – 30 8 25 –2 – 16
30 – 40 6 35 –1 –6
40 – 50 x 45 = a 0 0
50 – 60 11 55 1 11
60 – 70 y 65 2 2y
Total Sfi = 25 + x + y Sfiui = 2y – 11

S OLUT I ONS P-185

 Σfi ui
Mean = a + ×h
Σfi
2 y − 11 2 y − 11
Þ
48 = 45 + × 10 Þ 48 – 45 = 1
50 5
= 3 × 5 = 2y – 11
Þ
15 = 2y – 11
Þ
y = 13
Also Sfi = 25 + x + y = 50 1
Þ
x + y = 25
Þ
x = 25 – 13 = 12
\ x = 12 and y = 13.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1

6. Modal class is 30 – 40 ½
 f1 + f0 
\
Mode = l +  ×h
 2 f1 − f0 − f2 
16 − 10 
= 30 +  × 10 2
 32 − 10 − 12 

= 36. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] ½
Detailed Solution :
Class Frequency
0 - 10 8
10 - 20 10
20 - 30 10
30 - 40 16
40 - 50 12
50 - 60 6
60 - 70 7
Modal-class = 30 – 40
Þ l = 30, f0 = 10, f1 = 16, f2 = 12, h = 10

 f1 − f0 
Mode = l +  h
 2 f1 − f0 − f2 
 16 − 10   6 
= 30 + 
 × 10 = 30 +   × 10
 2 × 16 − 10 − 12   32 − 22 
 6 
= 30 +   × 10

 10 

= 30+6

= 36
qqq
WORKSHEET-209
Solutions limits of class marks are taken in one group then mid-
value or class mark is taken for further calculation.
1. Correct option : (b) Therefore, frequencies or observations must be
Explanation : In grouping the data from ungrouped centred at the class marks of the classes.
data, all the observations between lower and upper

P-186 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 2. 51 50 + 52
Median =
Explanation : First 50 even natural numbers are
2

2, 4, 6, ................, 98, 100 = 51

As median is the middle-most value,
3.

Height Frequency c.f.

140 – 145 5 5
145 – 150 15 20
150 – 155 25 45
155 – 160 30 75
160 – 165 15 90
165 – 170 10 100
N = Sf = 100
N = 100 ½
N 100
Þ = = 50
2 2

The cumulative frequency just greater than 50 is 75 and the corresponding class is 155 – 160. ½
Hence, median class is 155 – 160.

Σfx
4. Mean =
Σf

Σfx
Þ
50 =
100

Þ
Sfx = 5000
Correct, Sfx' = 5000 – 100 + 110 = 5010 1
5010
\
Correct Mean =
100

= 50.1 1
Median will remain same i.e. median = 52. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
5.

ui = xi - a
Class-Interval Frequency
xi fiui
Height (in cm) fi h
50 – 75 5 62.5 –5 – 25
75 – 100 6 87.5 –4 – 24
100 – 125 3 112.5 –3 –9
125 – 150 4 137.5 –2 –8
150 – 175 3 162.5 –1 –3
175 – 200 7 187.5 = a 0 0
200 – 225 5 212.5 1 5
225 – 250 4 237.5 2 8
250 – 275 8 262.5 3 24
275 – 300 5 287.5 4 20
S fi = 50 S fiui = –12

S OLUT I ONS P-187


Here, S fiui = – 12; N = 50 and h = 25 2
∑ fi ui
Mean = a + ×h
N
−12
Mean = 187.5 + × 25 = 187.5 – 6 = 181.5. 1
50

qqq
WORKSHEET-210
Solutions 60 – 80 12

1. Correct option : (c) 80 – 100 18

Σf u 100 – 120 5
Explanation : x = a + h i i
Σfi
120 – 140 2
xi − a
ui =
            h Total 44
2. 4
Here, Modal Class = 80 – 100
Explanation : The most frequent observation in the l = 80, f1 = 18, f2 = 5, f0 = 12
given data is 4.
1 2
and h = 20
3. Median = Mode + Mean 
3 3 f1 - f0 
\
Mode = l +  ×h
1 2  2 f1 - f0 - f2 
= (12.4) + (10.5)
3 3 18 - 12 
= 80 +  × 20
12.4 21  36 - 12 - 5 
= +
3 3 6
= 80 + × 20
12.4 + 21 33.4 19
= =
3 3 = 80 + 6.31
33.4 = 86.31
= = 11.13 1 Hence, mode = 86.31. 2
3
4. 5. x1 = 5 + 7 = 12
x2 = 18 – x1 = 18 – 12 = 6
Class Interval Frequency x3 = 18 + 5 = 23
0 – 20 2 and x4 = 30 – x3 = 30 – 23 = 7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] ½ × 4 = 2
20 – 40 2
40 – 60 3

qqq
WORKSHEET-211
Solutions The modal class is the class having the maximum
frequency.
1. Correct option : (b) The maximum frequency 20 belongs to class (15–20).
Explanation : Here, n = 66
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency n 66
So, = = 33
0–5 10 10 2 2
5 – 10 15 25 33 lies in the class 10–15.
Therefore, 10–15 is the median class.
10 – 15 12 37
So, sum of lower limits of (15–20) and (10–15) is
15 – 20 20 57 (15 + 10) = 25
20 – 25 9 66

P-188 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 2. Median
3. (i)

Class Interval c.f. f

0 – 10 63 5
10 – 20 58 3
20 – 30 55 4
30 – 40 51 3
40 – 50 48 6
50 – 60 42 42
½

So, frequency of the class 30 – 40 is 3.

10 + 20
(ii) Class mark of the class : 10 – 20 = = 15 ½
2

4.
Class 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70
Frequency 1 3 5 9 7 3
Cumulative Frequency 1 4 9 18 25 28
N
Median =
2
28
= = 14
2
\ Median class : 40 – 50 Þ Lower limit = 40
and Modal class : 40 – 50 Þ Upper limit = 50 1
Their sum = 40 + 50 = 90. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

5.

Height (in cm) Frequency c.f.

100–120 12 12
120–140 14 26
140–160 8 34
160–180 6 40
180–200 10 50
Total N = 50
N
Here, N = 50 Þ Median =
2
50
= = 25
2
So, Median Class = 120 – 140.
N 
- c. f .
 2 
Median = l +   ×h
f
 
 

S OLUT I ONS P-189

  25 - 12 
= 120 +  × 20
 14 
260
= 120 +
14
= 120 + 18.57
\
Median = 138.57. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 3

qqq
WORKSHEET-212
Solutions ( 57 + 1)
The median of 57 (odd) observations =
2
1. Correct option : (b)
58
Explanation : = = 29th term
2
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency 29th term lies in class 11.5–17.5.
0.5–5.5 13 13 So, upper, limit is 17.5.
5.5–11.5 10 23 2. 13
11.5–17.5 15 38 Explanation :

17.5–23.5 8 46 6 + 4 + 7 + p + 10

Mean = =8
23.5–29.5 11 57 5
p = 13.

3. Maximum frequency = 50, class (modal) = 35 – 40.

½
 f1 − f0 
Mode = L +  ×h
 2 f1 − f0 − f2 

50 − 34
= 35 + × 5 1
100 − 34 − 42
16
= 35 + × 5 = 38.33 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] ½
24

4.

Salary No. of Persons c.f.
(in thousand `)
5 – 10 49 49
10 – 15 133 = f 182
15 – 20 63 245
20 – 25 15 260
25 – 30 6 266
30 – 35 7 273
35 – 40 4 277
40 – 45 2 279
45 – 50 1 280

P-190 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 N 280
= = 140. 1
2 2
Median class = 10 – 15.
hN 
Median = l +  − c. f . 
f 2 

5
= 10 + (140 – 49) 1
133
5 × 91
= 10 +
133
= 13.42
Hence, median salary is ` 13.42 thousand or ` 13420 (approx). [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1

5.
xi : 32.5 37.5 42.5 47.5 52.5 57.5 62.5 ½
fi : 14 16 28 23 18 8 3 ½
Sfi=110
ui : –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
fiui : –42 –32 –28 0 18 16 9, 1
Sfiui=–59

59 × 5
Mean = 47.5 – 47.5 – 2.68 = 44.82 1
110
Note: If N is taken as 100, Ans. 44.55 Accept.
If some one write, data is wrong, give full 3 marks. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
Detailed Solution :

Number of students xi − A
Marks Mid Values (xi) ui = fiui
(fi) h

30 – 35 14 32.5 –3 –42
35 – 40 16 37.5 –2 –32
40 – 45 28 42.5 –1 –28
45 – 50 23 47.5 0 0
50 – 55 18 52.5 1 18
55 – 60 8 57.5 2 16
60 – 65 3 62.5 3 9

N = Sfi = 110 Sfiui = –59

Here, Assumed mean, A = 47.5
Σfi ui

Mean = A + ×h
N
( −59 )

= 47.5 + ×5
110

= 47.5 – 2.682

= 44.818 U
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-191

 WORKSHEET-213
Solutions 10–20 12 – 3=9 9
20–30 27 – 12=15 15
1. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : 30–40 57 – 27=30 30
40–50 75 – 57=18 18
Marks Number of students fi
50–60 80 – 75=5 5
0–10 3 – 0=3 3 Modal class has maximum frequency (30) in class
30–40.
2.

Classes Frequency c.f.

0 – 10 4 4
10 – 20 4 8
20 – 30 8 16
30 – 40 10 26
40 – 50 12 38
50 – 60 8 46
60 – 70 4 50
Total N = 50 1
N 50
Here, = = 25
2 2
Hence, median class is 30 – 40. 1
3.
C. I. f c.f.
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 x x+5
20 – 30 20 x + 25
30 – 40 15 x + 40
40 – 50 y x + y + 40
50 – 60 5 x + y + 45

Sf = 60
From table N = 60 = x + y + 45
Þ x + y = 60 – 45 = 15 ...(i)
Since, Median = 28.5, which lies between 20–30. 1
\ Median class = 20 – 30
N 
 2 − c. f . 
 
Median = l + ×h
f

Þ 28.5 = 20 +
[30 − ( x + 5)] × 10
20
25 − x
Þ 8.5 = 1
2
Þ 25 – x = 17 Þ x = 25 – 17 = 8
From (i), y = 15 – 8 = 7 1
Hence, x = 8 and y = 7.
qqq

P-192 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-214
Solutions 165–185 7 63

1. Correct option : (c) 185–205 4 67

Explanation :
Hence, n = 67 (odd)
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency 67 + 1
So, Median = = 34
2
65–85 4 4
34 lies in class 125–145.
85–105 5 9
So, median class is 125–145 and upper limit is 145.
105–125 13 22 Now, the maximum frequency is 20 and it lies in
class 125–145 (modal class).
125–145 20 42
Lower limit of modal class = 125.
145–165 14 56 Hence, the required difference 145 – 125 = 20.

2. The first five odd multiples of 5, according to the problem are : 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 ½
5 + 15 + 25 + 35 + 45
Mean = 1
5
125
= = 25 ½
5
3.
Class xi fi x if i
0–6 3 10 30
6 – 12 9 p 9p
12 – 18 15 4 60
18 – 24 21 7 147
24 – 30 27 q 27q
30 – 36 33 4 132
36 – 42 39 1 39
Total
Sfi = 26 + p + q = 40 Sxifi = 408 + 9p + 27q

Given, Sfi = 40
Þ
26 + p + q = 40
Þ
p + q = 14 ...(i) ½
Σxi fi
\ Mean, x = ½
Σfi

408 + 9 p + 27 q
Þ 14.7 =
40
Þ 588 = 408 + 9p + 27q 1
Þ 180 = 9p + 27q
Þ p + 3q = 20 ...(ii)
Subtracting eq. (i) from eq. (ii),
2q = 6
Þ q = 3 ½
Putting the value of q in eq. (i),
p = 14 – q = 14 – 3 = 11 ½
Hence, p = 11, q = 3

S OLUT I ONS P-193

 4.
Let assumed mean, a = 35 and given h = 10.

xi xi - a
Class ui= fi fiui
(Class Marks) h
0 – 10 5 –3 5 – 15
10 – 20 15 –2 13 – 26
20 – 30 25 –1 20 – 20
30 – 40 35 0 15 0
40 – 50 45 1 7 7
50 – 60 55 2 5 10
Total
Sfi = 65 Sfiui = – 44
Σfi ui
\ Mean, x = a + ×h 1½
Σfi

-44
= 35 + × 10 = 35 – 6.76 = 28.24 1½
65

qqq
WORKSHEET-215
Solutions Since total frequency is 60.
1. Correct option : (a) N
= 30
Explanation : 2
Heights (in No. of stu- Cumulative And cumulative frequency greater than or equal to
cm) dents frequency 30 lies in class 160-165.
150-155 15 15 So, median class is 160-165.
155-160 13 15 + 13 = 28 \ Upper limit of median class is 165.

160-165 10 28 + 10 = 38
So, (a) is the correct answer.
165-170 8 38 + 8 = 46
170-175 9 46 + 9 = 55
175-180 5 55 + 5 = 60
2. Given, Median = 52.5
and Mean = 54
We know that, 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean 1
Þ
3 × 52.5 = Mode + 2 × 54
\
Mode = 157.5 – 108 = 49.5 1

3.
Class
Class Frequency
Marks f ix i
Interval (fi)
(xi)
0 – 20 12 10 120
20 – 40 15 30 450
40 – 60 32 50 1600
60 – 80 k 70 70k
80 – 100 13 90 1170 1½
Sfi = 72 +k Sfi = 3340 + 70k

P-194 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


Given median = 53
Σ fi xi

\ Median =
Σ fi
3340 + 70 k

Þ 53 =
72 + k

Þ 53 (72 + k) = 3340 + 70k

= 3816 + 53k = 3340 + 70k

Þ 70k – 53k = 3816 – 3340

Þ 17k = 476

Þ k = 28 ½

Hence, value of k is 28. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]

qqq
WORKSHEET-216
Solutions

1.

Class-Interval Mid-Point xi fi fixi

0 – 10 5 4 20
10 – 20 15 6 90
20 – 30 25 10 250
30 – 40 35 6 210
40 – 50 45 p 45 p

Sfi = 26 + p Sfixi = 570 + 45p

∑ fi xi
Mean, x =
∑ fi

570 + 45 p
Þ 25 =
26 + p

Þ
650 + 25p = 570 + 45p
Þ
650 – 570 = 45p
– 25p
\
p = 4
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 2
2. (i) Here class intervals are not in inclusive form. So, we first convert them in inclusive form by subtracting 0.5
from the lower limit and adding 0.5 to the upper limit of each cases, where h is the difference between the lower
limit of a class and the upper limit of the preceding class. The given frequency distribution in inclusive form is as
follows :
Age (in years) No. of cases
4.5 – 14.5 6
14.5 – 24.5 11
24.5 – 34.5 21
34.5 – 44.5 23
44.5 – 54.5 14
54.5 – 64.5 5

S OLUT I ONS P-195

 Since highest frequency is 23 so, the modal class is 34.5 – 44.5.
f1 - f0
Now, Mode = l + ×h
2 f1 - f0 - f2

Here, l = 34.5, h = 10, f1 = 23, f0 = 21, f2 = 14 1
23 - 21
Þ
Mode = 34.5 + × 10
46 - 21 - 14

2
= 34.5 + × 10
11
= 34.5 + 1.31
= 36.31 is the average age. 1
(ii) Mode of grouped data. 1

3.
Daily Wages (in `) Number of xi ui fiui
Workers (f1)
100 – 120 10 110 –3 –30
120 – 140 15 130 –2 –30
140 – 160 20 150 –1 –20
160 – 180 22 170 0 0
180 – 200 18 190 1 18
200 – 220 12 210 2 24
220 – 240 13 230 3 39
Total 110 1
x
Mean daily wages = 170 + × 20 = ` 170.19 (approx.)
110
22 - 20
Mode = 160 + × 20 = ` 166.67 (approx.) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020]
44 - 20 - 18

qqq
WORKSHEET-217
Solutions

1.

Height (in cm) No. of girls

More than 120 50

More than 130 48
More than 140 40
More than 150 28
More than 160 8

P-196 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 2. (i) Let the assumed mean, A = 1400 and h = 400
Calculation of Mean

xi - 1400
Height (in m) x1 No. of Villages fi D = xi –1400 ui = fi ui
400

200 142 – 1200 –3 – 426

600 265 – 800 –2 – 530
1000 560 – 400 –1 – 560
1400 271 0 0 0
1800 89 400 1 89
2200 16 800 2 32
Total 1
N= Sfi = 1343 Sfi ui = –1395
We have A = 1400, h = 400, Sfiui = –1395 and N = 1343
1   -1395 
Mean = A + h  ∑ fi ui  = 1400 + 400 × 
 N   1343 

= 1400 – 415.49
= 984.51 1
(ii) Mean by assumed mean method. ½
(iii) Villages are necessary to keep a balance in nature. ½
3.

xi - 62.5
C.I. xi ui = fi fiui
5

35 – 40 37.5 –5 1 –5
40 – 45 42.5 –4 2 –8
45 – 50 47.5 –3 3 –9
50 – 55 52.5 –2 x – 2x
55 – 60 57.5 –1 y –y
60 – 65 62.5 = a 0 6 0
65 – 70 67.5 1 8 8
70 – 75 72.5 2 4 8
75 – 80 77.5 3 2 6
80 – 85 82.5 4 3 12
85 – 90 87.5 5 2 10
Total Sfi =31 + x + y Sfiui = 22 – 2x – y 2

Here, Sfi = 31 + x + y = 40
Þ
x + y = 9 ...(i)
Sfiui = 22 – 2x – y
Σfi ui
\
Mean = a + ×h 1
Σfi
( 22 − 2 x − y )
Þ
63.5 = 62.5 + ×5
40
Þ 2x + y = 14
...(ii) 1
Solving eqns, (i) and (ii), we get x = 5 and y = 4. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-197

 WORKSHEET-218
Solutions

1. (i)
No. of children (xi) No. of families (fi) f i xi
0 5 0
1 11 11
2 25 50
3 12 36
4 5 20
5 2 10
Total Sfi = 60 Sfi xi = 127
∑ fi xi 127
Mean = = = 2.12 approx. 1
∑ fi 60

(ii) Mean of ungrouped data. 1
2.

Class-Interval Frequency
0 – 10 8
10 – 20 12
20 – 30 25
30 – 40 13
40 – 50 12
Total 70
Here, Modal class = 20 – 30 1
 f1 - f0 
Mode = l +  × h ½
 2 f1 - f0 - f2 

and l = 20, f1 = 25, f2 = 13 and f0 = 12 and h =10 ½
 25 - 12 
Mode = 20 +  × 10 ½
 50 - 12 - 13 

13
= 20 + × 10

25
= 20 + 5.2 = 25.2 ½
3.

xi - a
C. I. fi c.f. xi ui = fiui
h

05 – 07 70 70 6 –3 –210
07 – 09 120 190 8 –2 –240
09 – 11 32 222 10 –1 –32
11 – 13 100 322 12 = a 0 0
13 – 15 45 367 14 1 45
15 – 17 28 395 16 2 56
17 – 19 5 400 18 3 15

Sf= 400 Sfiui = – 366 2

P-198 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Let a = Assumed mean = 12
Σfi ui
Mean, x = a + ×h
Σfi
- 366 183
Mean = 12 + × 2 = 12 − = 12 − 1.83 = 10.17
400 100
N 400
Median class = = = 200 = 09 – 11
2 2
N 
- c. f .
 
Median = l +  2  ×h
 f 
 

200 - 190 10
\
Median = 9 + ×2= 9+ × 2 = 9 + 0.625 = 9.625 2
32 32
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

qqq
WORKSHEET-219
Solutions
1.
C. I. f c.f.
0 – 175 10 10
175 – 350 14 24
350 – 525 15 39
525 – 700 21 60
700 – 875 28 88
875 – 1050 7 95
1050 – 1225 5 100
N = 100 1
N
Median =
2
100
= = 50
2
\
Median class = 525 – 700
N
− c. f .
Median = l + 2 × h = 525 + 50 − 39 × 175 1
f 21
11
= 525 + × 175
21
175
\
Median = 525 + × [50 – 39]
21
= 525 + 91.6
= 616.6
and Modal class = 700 – 875.
 f1 − f0 
Mode = l + 
 2 f1 − f0 − f2  1

S OLUT I ONS P-199

 l = 700, f0 = 21, f1 = 28, f2 = 7 and h = 175
 28 − 21 
Mode = 700 +  × 175 ½
 2 × 28 − 21 − 7 

7
= 700 + × 175
28
= 700 + 43.75
= 743.75. ½
2. Modal class = 60 – 80
f1 − f0
\ Mode = l + ×h 1
2 f1 − f0 − f2

Here, l = 60, f1 = 29, f0 = 21, f2 = 17 and h = 20
29 − 21
Mode = 60 + × 20 1
2 × 29 − 21 − 17
8
= 60 + × 20
58 − 38
= 60 + 8 = 68
Empirical relationship, Mode = 3 median – 2 mean 1
Mode = 68 and mean = 53 (given)
\
3 median = mode + 2 mean
3 median = 68 + 2 × 53
174
Median = = 58 1
3
Hence, median = 58.
qqq
WORKSHEET-220
Solutions

1. 1

xi - a
C.I. fi c.f. xi ui = fiui
h
100 – 120 12 12 110 –2 – 24
120 – 140 14 26 130 –1 – 14
140 – 160 8 34 150 = a 0 0
160 – 180 6 40 170 1 6
180 – 200 10 50 190 2 20
Sfi = 50 Sfiui = – 12

a = assumed mean = 150
Σfi ui
Mean x = a + Σf × h
i

−12
= 150 + × 20
50
= 150 – 4.8 = 145.2 1

P-200 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 N 50
= = 25
* 2 2
Þ Median class = 120 – 140
l = 120, f = 14, c.f. = 12 and h = 120
N 
 − c. f . 
Median = l +  2  × h
 f 
 
 25 − 12 
= 120 +   × 20
 14 

= 120 + 18.57 = 138.57 1
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
= 3 × 138.57 – 2 × 145.2
= 415.71 – 290.4 = 125.31 1
Hence, mean = 145.2, median = 138.57, and mode = 125.31. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2009]

2.
Class Class mark (x) Frequency (f) fx
11 – 13 12 3 36
13 – 15 14 6 84
15 – 17 16 9 144
17 – 19 18 13 234
19 – 21 20 f 20 f
21 – 23 22 5 110
23 – 25 24 4 96
Sf = 40 + f Sfx = 704 + 20 f

For x ½
Sf = 40 + f ½
Sfx = 704 + 20 f 1
704 + 20 f
Mean = 18 = 1
40 + f

Þ
720 + 18 f = 704 + 20 f 1
Þ
f = 8 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
Detailed Solution :

S OLUT I ONS P-201



[Topper’s Answer, 2018]

qqq

TOPIC-2
Cumulative Frequency Graph
WORKSHEET-221
Solutions
1. Ogive
2. Median. 1

3. Cumulative frequency distribution table (more than type)

Daily income of workers (in `) Number of workers
More than 200 100
More than 300 88
More than 400 70
More than 500 35
More than 600 15
More than 700 0

[CBSE Marking Scheme 2016]

4.

Classes Frequency Classes Cumulative frequency
0 – 15 6 Less than 15 6
15 – 30 8 Less than 30 14
30 – 45 10 Less than 45 24
45 – 60 6 Less than 60 30
60 – 75 4 Less than 75 34
Y
35
30 (75, 34)
Cumulative frequency

(60, 30)
25
20 (45, 24)

15 (30, 14)
10
5 (15, 6)
0 X
15 30 45 60 75
Upper limits 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

P-202 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 5. 
Age of student C.I. c.f. f
Less than 6 4–6 2 2
Less than 8 6–8 6 4
Less than 10 8 – 10 12 6
Less than 12 10 – 12 22 10
Less than 14 12 – 14 42 20
Less than 16 14 – 16 67 25
Less than 18 16 – 18 76 9 2
N = 76
Y Scale = on x-axis, 1 cm = 2,
80
N 76 on y-axis 1 cm = 10
= = 38

Cumulative frequency
2 2 70
Now,
60
Hence, median class will be (12 – 14)
50
Here, l = 12, c.f. = 22, h = 2, f = 20
40
38
N 
 2 − c. f . 
30
So, Median = l +  ×h 20
f
10 13.6
(38 - 22) X
= 12 + ×2 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
20
= 13.6
From the graph, median = 13.6.
qqq
WORKSHEET-222
Solutions 2. The abscissa of the point of intersection of the
“Less than type“ and “More than type“ cumulative
1. median frequency curve of a grouped data is median. 1
3. Units on x-axis 1 cm = 50, y-axis 1 cm = 5
Runs scored c.f.
More than 0 31
More than 50 27
More than 100 21
More than 150 12
More than 200 5
Y
1
35
)
31
(0,
30 7)
,2
Cumulative Frequency

(50
25 )
21
0,
(10
20

)
15 12
0,
(15
10 5)
0,
(20
5

0 50 100 150 200 X

Runs Scored 1

S OLUT I ONS P-203

 4.
Less than 40 less than 50 less than 60 less than 70
c.f. 7 12 20 30
Less than 80 less than 90 less than 100
36 42 50
1½
Plotting of points (40, 7), (50, 12), (60, 20), (70, 30), (80, 36), (90, 42) and (100, 50) 1½
Joining the points to get the curve CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 1

Detailed Solution :

Classes Cumulative frequency

less than 40 7
less than 50 7 + 5 = 12
less than 60 12 + 8 = 20
less than 70 20 + 10 = 30
less than 80 30 + 6 = 36
less than 90 36 + 6 = 42
less than 100 42 + 8 = 50

Scale : at x-axis, 1 small division = 10 units

at y-axis, 1 small division = 5 units
5. (i) Curve 1 – Less than ogive, Curve 2 – More than ogive
(ii) Median Rainfall = 21 cm
(iii) 3 Median = Mode + 2 mean
\ Mode = 16.2 cm
[CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
qqq

P-204 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-223
Solutions
1. median
2.
Age (in years) Number of Patients
Less than 20 60
Less than 30 102
Less than 40 157
Less than 50 227
Less than 60 280
2
Less than 70 300
3.

Students c.f.
Less than 7 20
Less than 9 38
Less than 11 60
Less than 13 85
Less than 15 105
Less than 17 120
Less than 19 130 1

Scale = on x-axis, 1 cm = 2,
130 on y-axis 1 cm = 10 (19, 130)

120
(17, 120)
110
(15, 105)
100
Cumulative frequency

90
(13, 85)
80

70

60 (11, 60)

50

40 (9, 38)

30
1
20 (7, 20)

10
X
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
This curve is the required cumulative frequency curve or an ogive of the less than type.
Here, N = 130,

S OLUT I ONS P-205

 N 130
So, = = 65 1
2 2
Now, we locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate is 65. The x-co-ordinate corresponding to this ordinate is 11.4.
Hence, the required median on the graph is 11.4. 1

4.
Number of Apples c.f.
More than 50 60
More than 60 55
More than 70 39
More than 80 29
More than 90 10
More than 100 6
More than 110 2
Y
Scale : on x-axis, 1 cm = 10
on y-axis 1 cm = 10

80
Cumulative Frequency

70
(50, 60)
60
(60, 55)
50
40 (70, 39)
30 (80, 29)
20
(90, 10)
10 (100, 6)
(110, 2)
X 2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Number of Apples
This curve shows cumulative frequency on an ogive of the ‘more than type’.
Here N = 60,
N 60
So, = = 30 1
2 2
Now, we locate the point on the ogive whose ordinate is 30. The x-co-ordinate corresponding to this ordinate is 79.
Hence, the required median on the graph is 79. 1
qqq
WORKSHEET-224
Solutions
1. upper
2.
Less than c.f. More than c.f.
30 10 20 100
40 18 30 90
50 30 40 82
60 54 50 70
70 60 60 46
80 85 70 40
90 100 80 15 2

P-206 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 Y

100
• • (20, 100)

• • • (30, 90)
(90, 100)
Less than ogive

• • • (40, 82)
(80, 85)
(60, 54)

•
Cumulative frequency

•
More than ogive
(50, 70)

• • (70, 60)
More than ogive

•
(60, 54)

•
•
(60, 46)

•
• (70, 40)

•
• • (50, 30)

• •
(40, 18)

• • (30, 10)
(80, 15)

• • • • • • • • • •
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
X

From the Graph, Median = 58 2

3. Cumulative frequency distribution table less than type is

Daily Income (in `) Cumulative Frequency (c.f.)
Less than 100 0
Less than 120 12
Less than 140 26
Less than 160 34
Less than 180 40
Less than 200 50

Daily Income (in `) Number of Workers (f) Cumulative Frequency (c.f.)

100 – 120 12 12
120 – 140 14 26
140 – 160 8 34
160 – 180 6 40
180 – 200 10 50 2

Less than Daily Income in (`) Number of Workers (c.f.)

100 0
120 12
140 26
160 34
180 40
200 50

S OLUT I ONS P-207

 Y
50
45
40

No. of Workers (cf)

35
30
25 1 cm = ` 20 on x-axis
1 cm = 5 Workers on y-axis
20
15
10
5
0 X
100 120 140 160 180 200
Daily income (`) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 2

4.
Less than type distribution is as follows:
Daily income Number of workers
Less than 220 12
Less than 240 26
Less than 260 34
Less than 280 40
Less than 300 50
Plotting of points (220,12), (240, 26), (260, 34)(280, 40) and (300, 50) 1½
Joining to get curve [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] 1
Detailed Solution :
Daily Income (in `) Cumulative Frequency
less than 220 12
less than 240 26
less than 260 34
less than 280 40
less than 300 50

qqq

P-208 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-225
Solutions

1.

Marks Number of Students c.f.
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 3 8
20 – 30 4 12
30 – 40 3 15
40 – 50 3 18
50 – 60 4 22
60 – 70 7 29
70 – 80 9 38
80 – 90 7 45
90 – 100 8 53

Correct table 1

Drawing correct Ogive 2
Median = 64 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1
Detailed Solution :
Less the cf table
Marks obtained Number of Students (cf)
Less than 10 5
Less than 20 8
Less than 30 12
Less than 40 15
Less than 50 18
Less than 60 22
Less than 70 29
Less than 80 38
Less than 90 45
Less than 100 53
Y
Scale : On x-axis 1 cm = 10 unit
On y-axis 1 cm = 5 unit

55
50 (100, 53)
Cumulative frequency

45
(90, 45)
40 (80, 38)
35
30
(60, 29)
25
(60, 22)
20 (40, 15) (50, 18)
15
(20, 8) (30, 12)
10
5 (10, 5)
X
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Marks obtained
Ogive curve of less than type 2

S OLUT I ONS P-209

 Here, N = 53
N 53

So, = = 26.5
2 2
So, median class 60 – 70.
N 
− c. f .
 2 
Median = l + f × h 1

26.5 − 22
= 60 + × 10
7

45
= 60 +
7

Median = 66.4. 1
2. Less than type distribution is as follows
Marks No. of students
Less than 5 2
Less than 10 7
Less than 15 13
Less than 20 21
Less than 25 31
Less than 30 56
Less than 35 76
Less than 40 94
Less than 45 98
Less than 50 100 1½

Plotting of points (5, 2), (10, 7) (15, 13), (20, 21), (25, 31), (30, 56), (35, 76), (40, 94), (45, 98), (50, 100) 1½
Joining to get the curve ½
Getting median from graph (approx. 29) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] ½
Detailed Solution :
Marks No of students cf.
Less than 5 2 2
Less than 10 5 7
Less than 15 6 13
Less than 20 8 21
Less than 25 10 31
Less than 30 25 56
Less than 35 20 76
Less than 40 18 94
Less than 45 4 98
Less than 50 2 100

P-210 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X


We plot the points A (5, 2), B(10, 7), C(15, 13), D (20, 21),
E (25, 31), F (30, 56), G (35; 76), H (40,94), I (45,98) and
J (50,100)

Join AB, BC, CD, DE, EE, FG, GH, HI, IJ and JA with a free
hand to get the same representing the “less than type“
series.

N 100

From graph, = = 50
2 2

Now, locate the point on the ogive where ordinate is 50. The x-coordinate corresponding to this ordinate is 28.8.

Therefore, the required median on the graph is 28.8.
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-211

CHAPTER
SECTION

15
B PROBABILITY
WORKSHEET-226
Solutions 4
(ii) Prob. (number divisible by 7) =
1. Correct option : (d) 29
Explanation : An event that cannot occur has 0 [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020] 1
probability, such an event is called impossible
event. 6. Total outcomes are {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT,
2. 1 THT, TTH, TTT}
3. S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} N
o. of total outcomes = 8
n(S) = 6 Same result on all the tosses (A) = HHH, TTT, 1
A = {1, 2} No. of favourable outcomes = 2 1
8-2 6 3
n(A) = 2 \ P (Ramesh will lose the game) = = = 1
8 8 4
n( A ) 2 1
\
P(A) = = = 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
n(S) 6 3
4. S = {1, 2 ............... 80} 7. (i) Prime numbers from 1 to 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19 i.e. 8.
n(S) = 80 ½ 8 2
A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64} P (prime number) = or 1½
20 5
n(A) = 8 ½ (ii) Composite number from 1 to 20 are
n( A ) 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, i.e., 11
8
P(A) = n(S) = 11
80 P (Composite number) = 1½
20
1
= 1 (iii) Number divisible by 3 from 1 to 20 are
10 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 i.e., 6
6 3
5. Total number of integers = 29 P (number divisible by 3)= or 1
20 10
6
(i) Prob. (prime number) = [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
29

qqq
WORKSHEET-227
Solutions 5. (i) Even numbers occur is (2, 2) (2, 4) (2, 6) (4, 2) (4, 4)
(4, 6) (6, 2) (6, 4) (6, 6)
1. Correct option : (d)
Explanation : Probability of any event cannot be 9 1

P (number of each die is even) = = 1
17 36 4
more than one or negative as >1.
2. 0; impossible event 16
(ii) Sum of numbers is 5 in (1, 4) (2, 3) (3, 2) (4, 1)
3. Total no. of cases = 200
Favourable cases = 200 – 12 = 188
P (sum of numbers appearing on two dice is 5)
188 47 4 1
\ Required probability =
= 1 = = .1
200 50  36 9

4. There are 365 days in a non-leap year. 6. Possible outcomes are

Q 365 days = 52 weeks + 1 day {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
\ One day can be M, T, W, Th, F, S, S =7 ½ Þ n(S) = 8 1
1
\ P(53 Mondays in non-leap year) = ½ (i) Exactly two heads = {HHT, HTH, THH}
7 n(P1) = 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

P-212 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 n( P1 ) 3 16 4
\
P1 = = 1 P (spade or an ace) = = 1
n(S) 8 52 13
(ii) At least two heads {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH} (ii)
Black kings = 2
n(P2) = 4 2 1
P (a black king) = = 1
n( P2 ) 4 1 52 26
P2 = = = 1
n(S) 8 2 (iii) Jack or king = 4 + 4 = 8
(iii) At least two tails {TTH, THT, HTT, TTT} 52 - 8 44 11
P (neither jack nor a king) = = = 1
n(P3) = 4 52 52 13
n( P3 ) 4 1
P3 = = = 1 (iv) King or queen = 4 + 4 = 8
n(S) 8 2 8 2
P (either a king or a queen) = = 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 52 13
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
7. (i) Cards of spade or an ace = 13 + 3 = 16
Total no. of cards = 52

qqq
WORKSHEET-228
Solutions 6. (i) Number of good shirts = 88 1
1. Correct option : (a) 88 22
P (Ramesh buys the shirt) = or ½
Explanation : The probability of the event, which 100 25
is very unlikely to happen, will be very close to (ii) Number of shirts without major defect = 96
1
zero. So it’s probability is 0.0001 which is minimum 96 24
amongst the given values. P (Kewal buys a shirt) = or ½
100 25
2. 1; sure of certain event
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
3. Product of 6 are (1, 6); (2, 3); (6, 1); (3, 2)
No. of possible outcomes = 4 7. According to the question,
Total number of chances = 6 × 6 = 36 20 − x  15 − x 
=2  ½
4 1 20  15 
P (Product = 6) = =
36 9 x 2x
Þ 1- = 2-
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1 20 15

2x x
4. Since, total number in english alphabet is 26. in Þ − = 2 –1
which 5 vowels and 21 consonants. 15 20
8 x - 3x
5 1 Þ =1
(i)
P (a vowel) = 60
26

21 Þ 5x = 60

(ii) P (a consonant) = \
x = 12 ½
26
\
blue balls = 12 and red balls = 3
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
3 1
(i) P(red ball) = = 1
15 5
5. (i) Favourable outcomes are (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5) (3, 2)
(3, 3) (3, 5) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 5) i.e. 9 outcomes. 1 12 4
(ii) P(blue ball) = = 1
9 1 15 5
P (a prime number on each die) = or ½
36 4
12 3
=
(iii) P(blue ball if 5 red balls are added) = 1
(ii) Favourable outcomes are (3, 6) (4, 5) (5, 4) (6, 3) (5, 20 5

6) (6, 5) i.e. 6 outcomes 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
6 1
P (a total of 9 or 11) = or ½
36 6
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-213

 WORKSHEET-229
Solutions \ No. of favourable outcomes = 9

1. Correct option : (c) 9 1

P (a number > 3 on each die) = or ½
Explanation : Probability of an event + Probability 36 4
of its complementary event = 1 (ii) Favourable outcomes are (1, 5) (2, 4) (3, 3) (4, 2) (5, 1)
\ p + Probability of complement = 1 (1, 6) (2, 5) (3, 4) (4, 3) (5, 2) (6, 1) 1
Probability of complement = 1 – p \ No. of favourable outcomes = 11
2. 1
11
P (a total of 6 or 7) = . ½
3. Total number of points = 8 36
Since, the factors of 8 are, 1, 2, 4 and 8.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
= (1 × 8), (2 × 4), (8 × 1), (4 × 2)
No. of favourable outcomes = 4
6. No. of all possible outcomes = 125 ½
No. of favourable outcomes
\ P(Factors of 8) = ½ (i) Ramlal will buy a good shirt
Total no. of possible outcomes
\ No. of favourable out comes = 110 ½
4 1
= = ½ \ P(Ramlal will buy a shirt)

8 2
No. of favourable outcomes
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] =
No. of all possible outcomes
4.
Let blue balls = x and red balls = 5 110 22
= = 1½
\
Total balls = 5 + x 125 25
5 (ii)
Naveen will reject the shirt which have major
P(red ball) =
5+x defects.
x \ No. of favourable outcomes = 125 – 3 = 122

P(blue ball) = 1
5+x \ P(Naveen will buy the shirt)

x 5 No. of favourable outcomes

\ =3 Þ x = 15 1 =
5+x 5+x No. of all possible outcomes

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 122
= 1½
125
5. (i) Favourable outcomes are (4, 5) (4, 4) (4, 6) (5, 4) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
(5, 5) (5, 6) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6) 1

qqq
WORKSHEET-230
Solutions 11 25
P(5 will not come either time) = 1–= 1
1. Correct option : (b) 36 36
Explanation : Probability lies between 0 and 1 and [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
when it is converted into percentage it will be
between 0 and 100. So, cannot be negative. 5. Total number of possible outcomes = 62 = 36 ½
2. 0; 1 E : (doublets are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)
3. The numbers divisible by 2 and 3 both = 6, 12, 18, No. of favourable outcomes to E = 6 ½
and 24. \ P(a doublet)
No. of favourable outcomes = 4. Number of outcomes favourable to E
4 =
\ P(number divisible by 2 and 3) = 1 Total number of outcomes
25 6 1
= 1 =
36 6
4. E1 {(1, 5),(2, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 5),
(6, 5), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 6)} [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
11
 P(5 will come at least once ) =P(E1) = 1
36

P-214 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 6. (a) Total number of cards = 52 7. No. of all possible outcomes = 52 – 3 = 49
Number of non-face cards = 52 – 12 (i) No. of face cards = 12 – 3 = 9 1
= 40 9
Required probability =
40 10 49
P(non-face cards) == 1
52 13 (ii) No. of card of heart in the deck = 13
(b) Number of black kings = 2 13
\ Required probability = 1
Number of red queens = 2 49
4 1 (iii) No. of cards of clubs = 13 – 3 = 10
P(a black Kind or a red queen) = = 1
52 13 10
\ Required probability = 1
(c) Number of spade cards = 13 49
13 1 (iv) There is only one queen of diamond
P (Spade cards) = = 1
52 4 1
\ Required probability = 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 49
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
qqq
WORKSHEET-231
Solutions x+2
P(red balls) = ½
20
1. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : As the probability of an event lies Now, According to the question,
between 0 and 1. x+2 9 x
= ×
20 8 18
2. Total outcomes = 10
3+5+5+7+7+7+9+9+9+9 70 Þ 180x = 144x + 288
Mean = = =7 Þ 36x = 288
10 10
288
Þ x = =8 1½
No. of favourable outcomes = 3 36

3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
P(mean) = 1
10
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 5. Total number of discs in the box = 90
\ No. of all possible outcomes = 90 ½
3. No. of all possible outcomes = 62 = 36 (i) Discs with two digit number are 10, 11, ....... 90
No. of discs with two digits numbers = 90 – 9 = 81
No. of favourable outcomes = 26 ½
½

(4, 2)(4, 3)(4, 5)(4, 4)(5, 1)(5, 2)(5, 3)(6, 1)(6, 2)(1, 1)
(1, 2)(1, 3)(1, 4)(1, 5)(1, 6)(2, 1)(2, 2)(2, 3)(2, 4)(2, 5) \ No. of favourable outcomes = 81
(2, 6) (3, 1)(3, 2)(3, 3)(3, 4)(3, 5)(4, 1) P(a disc with two digit number)
26 13 No. of favourable outcomes
\ P(Product appears in less than 18) =
= 1½ = ½
36 18 No. of all possible outcomes

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 81 9
= = ½
90 10
x (ii)
The numbers divisible by 5 from 1 to 90 are 5, 10, 15
4. P(red ball) =
18 .... 85, 90 ½
x 18 - x \ No. of favourable outcomes = 18
(i) P(no red ball) = 1 - = 1
18 18 \ P(a disc with a number divisible by 5)

(ii) Total number of balls = 18 + 2 = 20 18 1
= = 1½
red balls are = x + 2 90 5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
qqq

S OLUT I ONS P-215

 WORKSHEET-232
Solutions 6 3
So, probability of having a red face card = =
52 26
1. Correct option : (a)
Explanation : In a deck of 52 cards, there are 26 red 2. P(winning the game) = 0.08
cards. P(losing the game) = 1 – 0.08 = 0.92 1
Number of red face cards = 3 of hearts + 3 of [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
diamonds = 6
3. Total number of outcomes = 98
(i) Favourable outcomes are 8, 16, 24, ...., 96, i.e., 12 ½
12 6
Probability (integer is divisible by 8) = or 1
98 49
6
(ii) Probability (integer is not divisible by 8) = 1 -
49
43
= [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] ½
49

Detailed Solution :

[Topper’s Answer, 2018]

4. All possible outcomes are 10, 11, 12 ....... 98, 99. 6. No. of all possible outcomes = 52 – (2 + 2 + 2 + 2)
No. of all possible outcomes = 90. 1 = 44
All favourable outcomes are 14, 21, 28 ..... 98 (i) No. of black Queens in the deck = 0
No. of favourable outcomes = 13 1 0
\ P(getting a black Queen) = =0
13 44
\ P(getting a number multiple of 7) = 1
90 Hence it is an impossible event 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] (ii) No. of red cards = 26 – 4 = 22
22 1
5. No. of all possible outcomes = 90 \ P(getting a red card) = = 1
44 2
(i) No. of cords having 2 digit number = 90 – 9 = 81
(iii) No. of Jacks (black) = 2
\ No. of favourable outcomes = 81
\ P(getting a black coloured Jack)
P(selected card bears two digit number)
2 1
No. of favourable outcomes 81 9 = = 1
= = = 1 44 22
No. of all possible outcomes 900 10
(iv) No. of face cards in the deck = 12 – 6 = 6
(ii) Perfect square numbers between 1 to 90 are 1, 4, 9, 6 3
\ P(getting a face card) = = 1
16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 1 44 22
\ No. of favourable outcomes = 9 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
P(Selected card bears perfect square numbers)
9 1 qqq
= = 1
90 10
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

P-216 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-233
Solutions 15 5
P(have sum less than 7) = = 1
1. Correct option : (a) 36 12
Explanation : Number of days in non-leap year = (ii)
Product less than 16 = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5),
365 (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2),
365 1 (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3),
Number of weeks = = 52 = 52 weeks (6, 1), (6, 2)
7 7
No. of favourable out outcomes = 25
Number of days left = 1
\ P(have a product less than 16)
For example, it may be any of 7 days which from
25
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, = 1
Friday and Saturday; so, T(E) = 7 36
F(E) = 1 (Sunday) (iii) Doublet of odd numbers = (1, 1), (3, 3), (5, 5)
F( E ) 1 No. of favourable outcomes = 3
P(F) = =
T ( E) 7 \ P(a doublet of odd number)
3 1
= = 1
2 Q Bag contains only lemon flavoured candies. 36 12
So, getting an orange flavoured candy is impossible [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
\ P(orange flavoured candies) = 0 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 6. Total number of possible outcomes = 100
(i) Number of even numbers from 1 to 100 = 50
3. Total number of outcomes = 8 ½ \ P (card taken out has an even number)
Favourable number of outcomes (HHH, TTT) = 2
50 1
½ = = 1
2 1 100 2
Prob. (getting success) = or ½
8 4 (ii)
Multiple of 13 from 1 to 100 are 13, 26, 39, 52, 65, 78
1 3 and 91.
\ Prob. (losing the game) = 1 − = ½ No. of favourable outcomes = 7
4 4
7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] \ P(card taken out has multiple of 13) = 1
100
4. Probability of either a red card or a queen (iii) Perfect square numbers from 1 to 100 are – 1, 4, 9,
26 + 2 28 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 and 100.
= = 1
52 52 No. of all favourable outcomes = 10
28 \ P(card taken out has a perfect square number)

P(neither red card nor a queen) = 1 -
52 10 1
= = 1
100 10
52 - 28 24 6
= = = 1 (iv) Prime numbers less than 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
52 52 13 and 19.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018-19] No. of all favourable outcomes = 8
\ P(card taken out has a prime number less than 20)
5. Total number of all possible outcomes = 62 = 36 8 2
(i) The sum less than 7 = (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), = = 1
100 25
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (4, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
No. of favourable outcomes = 15

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WORKSHEET-234
Solutions Number of outcomes favourable for event E, i.e.,
       F(E) =?
1. Correct option : (b)       P(E) = 0.035
Explanation :
       T(E) = 400

S OLUT I ONS P-217

 F( E )
or, x = 3y – 11 ...(i)
∴ P(E) = 1
T ( E)
Again, P (blue marble) =
5
F( E )
⇒ 0.035 = x
400 = 1
x + y + 11
So, F(E) = 0.035 × 400 = 14 eggs.
5
So, the number of bad eggs are 14. y + 11
or, x = ...(ii)
4
2. No. Since the probability of an event cannot be

Now, from equation (i) and (ii), we have
more than 1. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1 y + 11

3y - 11 =
4
3
3. [CBSE SQP Marking Scheme, 2020]
or, 12y - 44 = y + 11
11

or, y = 5
Detailed Solution :
From equation (i), x = 3 × 5 - 11

x = 4

Given numbers, – 5, – 4, – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Hence, total number of marbles in the jar
Total outcomes = 11
= x + y + 11

Squaring all the numbers we get
= 4 + 5 + 11

25, 16, 9, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
= 20
Favourable outcomes 6. Peter throws two dice together

Probability, P(E) =
Total number of outcomes \ Total number of possible outcomes = 62 = 36 ½
3 He get 25 only when he gets (5, 5)

P(E) = \ No. of favourable outcomes = 1 ½
11
1
3 P(getting the numbers of product 25) = 1

Hence, Probability = 36
11
Rina throws one dice
3 1 \ Total number of all possible outcomes = 6
4. (i) P (extremely patient) = = 1
12 4 The number where square is 25 is 5
\ No. of favourable outcomes = 1 ½
6+3 9 3
(ii) P (extremely kind or honest) = = = 1 1
12 12 4 P(getting a number whose square is 25) =
6
1 1
1 1
 > ½
5. P(blue marble) = , P(black marble) = 6 36
5 4
Hence, Rina has better chances to get the number
 1 1 11
1
square 25.
\ P(green marble) = 1 –  +  =

 5 4 20 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

Let total number of marbles be x a

7. For > 1, when a = 1, b can not take any value, a
11 b
then × x = 11 Þ x = 20 1
20
= 2, b can take 1 value, a = 3, b can take 2 values, a
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019] = 4, b can take 3 values 2½
Detailed Solution : When a = 5, b can take 4 values, a = 6, b can take 5

Let x and y be the number of Blue and Black marbles. values.

No of green marbles = 11
Total possible outcomes = 36 ½

Total number of marbles = x + y + 11
a  1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

According to the problem, \ P  > 1 =
1 b 36

P(black marbles) =
4 15 5
= or 1
y 1 36 12
= [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
x + y + 11 4


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P-218 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X

 WORKSHEET-235
Solutions 5. (i) Total number of points = 8 (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
\ Total number of possible outcomes in which
1. Correct option : (c)
an arrow comes to rest pointing at one of the
Explanation :
  T(E) = 6,000 number = 8 ½
     F(E) =? Number of favourable outcomes in which an arrow
  P(E) = 0.08 will point at 8 = 1
F( E ) \ P(arrow will point at 8)
∴  P(E) =
T ( E) Number of favourable outcomes 1
= = ½
F( E ) Total number of possible outco omes 8

⇒ 0.08 =
6 , 000 (ii) Number of odd number points = 4 i.e., (1, 3, 5, 7)
∴   F(E) = 6000 × 0.08 = 480 \ Number of favourable outcomes in which an
2. Correct option : (a) arrow will point at odd number = 4
Explanation : \, P(arrow will point at odd number)
T(E) = 40 Number of favourable outcomes 4 1
= = = ½
Number of outcomes favourable for event E are 5, Total number of possible outco omes 8 2

10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, i.e.,
F(E) = 8 (iii) Number of points greater than 2
F( E ) 8 1 = 6 i.e., (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
P(E) = = = \ Number of favourable outcomes in which an
T ( E) 40 5
arrow will point at a number greater than 2 = 6
3. Correct option : (c) \ P(arrow will point at a number greater than 2) ½
Explanation : Number of favourable outcomes 6 3
T(E) = 100 = = =
Total number of possible outco omes 8 4
F(E) prime numbers (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31,
37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89 and 97) (iv) Number of points less than 9 = 8 i.e., (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
F(E) = 25 \
Number of favourable outcomes in which an
F( E ) 25 1 arrow will point at number less than 9 = 8 ½
P(E) = = =
T ( E) 100 4 \ P(arrow will point at a number less than 9)
4. Correct option : (b) Number of favourable outcomes 8
= = =1
Explanation : Total number of possible outco omes 8

   T(E) = 23
(v) Probability. ½
   F(E) = Not from A, B, and C = 23 – (4 + 8 + 5)
   F(E) = 23 – 17 = 6
6
∴ P(F) =
23

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WORKSHEET-236
Solutions n( A )
p(A) = = 3 = 1.
n(S) 15 5
1. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : Total number of outcomes = 90 3. Correct option : (c)
n (S) = 90 Explanation :
Prime number less than 23 = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 n(S) = 25
n (E) = 8 n(A) = 4
n( A )
Required probability, p (E) =
n( E)
=
8
=
4
. p(A) = = 4 .
n(S) 90 45 n(S) 25
2. Correct option : (c) 4. Correct option : (d)
Explanation : Explanation :
n(S) = 15 n(S) = 36
n(A) = 3 n(A) = 9

S OLUT I ONS P-219

 n( A )
p(A) = = 9 = 1. (ii) P(black king) =
1
1
n(S) 36 4 49
5. (i) Total number of coins = 100 + 50 + 20 + 10 10
(iii) P(club) = 1
= 180 ½ 49
\ Total number of possible outcomes of a coin will 3
(iv) P(Jack) = 1
fall out = 180 ½ 49
Number of 50 p coins = 100 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
\ Number of favourable outcomes relating to fall
Detailed Solution :
out of a 50 p coin = 100 Total number of cards = 52 – 3 = 49
\ P(of getting a 50 p coin) (i) Number of spade card = 13
Number of favourable outcomes 100 5 13
= = = \ P (getting a spade) = 1
Total number of possible outco
omes 180 9 1 49

Number of black king = 2 – 1 = 1
(ii)
10 17 1
(ii) P(not a ` 5 coin) = 1 – P(` 5 coin) = 1 - = ½ \
P (getting a black king) = 1
180 18 49
(iii) Probability ½ Number of club card = 13 – 3 = 10
(iii)
10
6. Total number of cards = 52 – 3 = 49 \
P (getting a club card) = 1
49
13
(i) P (spade) = 1 (iv) Number of jacks = 4 – 1 = 3
49
3
\
P (getting a jack) = 1
49

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P-220 MA TH EMA T I C S S T ANDA RD - X