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ACI 318-08 Slender Column Requirements in Sway Frames

1. Design information
Units: kips  1000lbf

Geometry:
2
Width along X: b  24 in Width along Y: h  24 in Ag  b  h Ag  576  in
4
Reinforcement: 8 - #8, All Sides Equal Ise  439.09in
3 Ix
b h 4
Ix  Ix  27648  in r  r  6.9282 in
12 Ag

Clear height: lu  13.33  ft lu  159.96 in

Concrete:
lbf f'c
f'c  6  ksi wc  150 Ec  57000   psi Ec  4415 ksi (ACI 318. 8.5.1)
3 psi
ft
Reinforcing Steel:
7 2
fy  60ksi Es  29000ksi 0.2 Ec Ix  Es Ise  3.715  10  kip  in

2. Loading Information

Load Load Axial Story Bending Moment Sustained

Type Factors Load Shear (Top & Bottom) Load Ratio

Dead Load, D fD  1.2 PD  1087.6 kipsΣVD  0  kips M D.top  2.0 ft kips StD  1
M D.bot  1.0 ft kips

Live Load, L fL  0.5 PL  134.5  kips ΣVL  0  kips M L.top  15.6 ft kips StL  0

M L.bot  7.8 ft kips

Snow Load, S fS  0.5 PS  17.3 kips ΣVS  0  kips M S.top  0  ft kips StS  0
M S.bot  0  ft kips

Wind Load, W fW  1.6 PW  0.3 kips ΣVW  0  kips M W.top  43.5 ft kips StW  0
M W.bot  205.0  ft kips

Seismic Load, EQ fEQ  0.0 PEQ  0  kips ΣVEQ  0  kips M EQ.top  0  ft kips StEQ  0

M EQ.bot  0  ft kips

CASE A.xmcd 2-1 6/24/2010

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Column loads:
Pu  fD PD  fL PL  fS PS  fW PW  fEQ PEQ Pu  1380.54  kips

Pu.st  fD PD StD  fL PL StL  fS PS StS  fW PW StW  fEQ PEQ StEQ Pu.st  1305.12  kips

Factored end moments M ns.top  fD M D.top  fL M L.top  fS M S.top M ns.top  10.2 ft kips
due to loads that cause no
appreciable sidesway M ns.bot  fD M D.bot  fL M L.bot  fS M S.bot M ns.bot  5.1 ft kips

Factored end moments M s.top  fW M W.top  fEQ M EQ.top M s.top  69.6 ft kips
due to loads that cause
appreciable sidesway M s.bot  fW M W.bot  fEQ M EQ.bot M s.bot  328  ft kips

Factored total end M u.top  M ns.top  M s.top M u.top  59.4 ft kips
moments
M u.bot  M ns.bot  M s.bot M u.bot  322.9  ft kips

Story loads for all columns:

ΣPu
The total factored vertical story load: ΣPu  16.37  Pu  16.37 ΣPu  22599.44 kips
Pu
ΣVu  fD ΣVD  fL ΣVL  fS ΣVS  fW ΣVW  fEQ ΣVEQ

ΣVu.st  fD ΣVD StD  fL ΣVL StL  fS ΣVS StS  fW ΣVW StW  fEQ ΣVEQ StEQ

ΣVu  0  kips ΣVu.st  0  kips

3. Determine column designation as sway/nonsway and slenderness considerations

Columns and stories within a structure are designated sway or nonsway in accordance with the stability
index for a story, Q, per ACI 318 10.10.5. Consider a column in a sway frame/story.

Determine k ns (nonsway frames) and k s (sway frames) from the alignment charts [ACI 318 Fig.
10.10.1.1. (a) and (b)] respectively or alternate simplified equations used in spColumn Software.

k s lu
k ns  1.00 k s  1.82  42.021
r

Slenderness effects must be considered in sway frames if k slu / r > 22 (ACI 318-08 10.10.1.a)

CASE A.xmcd 2-2 6/24/2010

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4. Moment magnification at ends of compression member (Sway) ACI 318-08 10.10.7

Magnify column moments per 10.10.7 for second order effects at ends of member as required by 10.10.5

ΣVu.st
βds  βds  0.000 (ACI Cl. 10.10.4.2)
ΣVu

  0.2 Ec Ix  Es Ise 7 2

EIs   EIs  3.71  10  kip in
1  βds 
(ACI Eq. 10-14)

2
π  EIs
Critical Load: Pc.s  Pc.s  4325.82  kip (ACI Eq. 10-13)
 k s lu  2

The sum of critical load in all ΣPc.s

columns in the story considered: ΣPc.s  24.75  Pc.s  24.75 ΣPc.s  107064.06  kips
Pc.s

1.0
δs  δs  1.392 (ACI Eq. 10-21)
ΣPu
1
0.75 ΣPc.s

Magnify column moments M 1 and M 2 due to second order effects at the ends:

M u.top.second  M ns.top  δs M s.top M u.top.second  86.661 ft kips

M u.bot.second  M ns.bot  δs M s.bot M u.bot.second  451.371  ft kips

Set M2 to the larger of the absolute value of top and bot second order magnified moments.


M 2.second  max M u.top.second  M u.bot.second  M 2.second  451.371  ft kips

M 1.second  min M u.top.second  M u.bot.second  M 1.second  86.661 ft kips

Determine the first order factored moment, M2.first at the end at which the larger second order end
moment, M 2.second acts.

M 2.first  if  Mu.top.second  M u.bot.second  M u.top  M u.bot  M 2.first  322.9  ft kips

M 1.first  if  M u.top.second  M u.bot.second  M u.bot  M u.top  M 1.first  59.4 ft kips

The ratio of second order moments to first order moments after moment magnification at column ends
(sway effect) is:
The next step in this calculation was not required in
M 2.second M 1.second earlier codes unless the parameter k''lu/r exceeded 35
 1.398  1.459 as previously given in 318-05 10.13.5. This condition
M 2.first M 1.first amplified the design moment but no stability check
was required except for ACI 318-05 10.13.6.

CASE A.xmcd 2-3 6/24/2010

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5. Moment magnification along length of compression member (nonsway) ACI

318-08 10.10.6
Continue to magnify column moments per 10.10.6 for second order effects along the length of member
as required by 10.10.2.2.
Determine stiffness reduction  Pu.st 
factor for sustained axial load βdns  min 1.0 βdns  0.945 (ACI 10.10.6.2)
 Pu 
EIns  

 0.2 Ec Ix  Es Ise   7
EIns  1.91  10  kip  in
2
 (ACI Eq. 10-14)
 1  βdns  
2
π  EIns
Pc.ns  Pc.ns  7365.62  kips (ACI Eq. 10-13)
 k ns  lu  2

Determine and select whether the column is bent in single (1) or Curve  2
double (2) curvature due to second order moments.
If column is bent in single curvature, M 1, the smaller of top and bot second order magnified moment is
to be taken as positive. Otherwise, M 1 is to be taken as negative.


M 1.second  if Curve = 1 M 1.second M 1.second  M 1.second  86.661 ft kips

M 1.second
Cm  0.6  0.4 Cm  0.523 (ACI Eq. 10-16)
M 2.second

Set Cm to 1.0 if M 2, or M 1 and  M 1.second 

Cm  if  M 2.second = 0 1 0.6  0.4  Cm  0.523
M 2 are equal to zero.
 M 2.second



Cm  max Cm 0.4  Cm  0.523 
Cm  min Cm 1  Cm  0.523

  Cm
δ  max1   δ  1.000 (ACI Eq. 10-12)
  Pu  
 1   0.75 P  
  c.ns  
M 2.second  451.371 ft kips M 2.first  322.9 ft kips
Check factored moment M 2 is not
less than required by 10.10.6.5 equation
M min  Pu  ( 0.6in  0.03 h ) M min  151.86 ft kips
10-17 for minimum moment:

Determine final moment value amplified

per equation 10-11:

M 2  max M 2.second M min  M 2  451.37 ft kips

M c  δ M 2 M c  451.37 ft kips

Check the ratio of second order moment including further moment Mc

magnification effects along the length of compression member  1.398
(ACI 318-08 10.10.2.2) to first order moments. ACI 318-08 10.10.2.1. 
max M 2.first M min 
requires the ratio not exceed 1.40.

6. Check column strength based on spColumn output

Pu Mc
ϕPn.max  1708.00  kips  0.81 OK ϕMnx  496.87 ft kips  0.91 OK
ϕPn.max ϕMnx

CASE A.xmcd 2-4 6/24/2010

 P (kip)
2500

(Pmax) (Pmax)

y
x

fs=0 fs=0
2 1

fs=0.5fy fs=0.5fy

24 x 24 in

Code: ACI 318-08

Units: English

Run axis: About X-axis

Run option: Investigation

Slenderness: Considered

Column type: Structural

Bars: ASTM A615

-700 700
Date: 06/24/10 Mx (k-ft)
Time: 13:55:43
(Pmin) (Pmin)
-500

spColumn v4.60. Licensed to: StructurePoint. License ID: 00000-0000000-4-2D2DE-2175C

File: C:\Users\mdeger\Documents\spColumn v4.60 - ACI 318-08 Cl 10.10.2.2 Implementation\Original MathCad...\CASE A.col

Project: PCA Notes 08 Ex 11.2-L Combo 6
Column: C2 Engineer: SP
f'c = 6 ksi fy = 60 ksi Ag = 576 in^2 8 #8 bars
Ec = 4415 ksi Es = 29000 ksi As = 6.32 in^2 rho = 1.10%
fc = 5.1 ksi Xo = 0.00 in Ix = 27648 in^4
e_u = 0.003 in/in Yo = 0.00 in Iy = 27648 in^4
Beta1 = 0.75 Min clear spacing = 8.63 in Clear cover = 1.88 in
Confinement: Tied kx(nonsway) = 1 kx(sway) = 1.82
phi(a) = 0.8, phi(b) = 0.9, phi(c) = 0.65
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General Information:
====================
File Name: C:\Users\mdeger\Documents\spColumn v4.60 - ACI 318-08 Cl 10.10.2.2 Implemen...\CASE A.col
Project: PCA Notes 08 Ex 11.2-L Combo 6
Column: C2 Engineer: SP
Code: ACI 318-08 Units: English

Run Option: Investigation Slenderness: Considered

Run Axis: X-axis Column Type: Structural

Material Properties:
====================
f'c = 6 ksi fy = 60 ksi
Ec = 4415.21 ksi Es = 29000 ksi
Ultimate strain = 0.003 in/in
Beta1 = 0.75

Section:
========
Rectangular: Width = 24 in Depth = 24 in

Gross section area, Ag = 576 in^2

Ix = 27648 in^4 Iy = 27648 in^4
rx = 6.9282 in ry = 6.9282 in
Xo = 0 in Yo = 0 in

Reinforcement:
==============
Bar Set: ASTM A615
Size Diam (in) Area (in^2) Size Diam (in) Area (in^2) Size Diam (in) Area (in^2)
---- --------- ----------- ---- --------- ----------- ---- --------- -----------
# 3 0.38 0.11 # 4 0.50 0.20 # 5 0.63 0.31
# 6 0.75 0.44 # 7 0.88 0.60 # 8 1.00 0.79
# 9 1.13 1.00 # 10 1.27 1.27 # 11 1.41 1.56
# 14 1.69 2.25 # 18 2.26 4.00

Confinement: Tied; #3 ties with #11 bars, #4 with larger bars.

phi(a) = 0.8, phi(b) = 0.9, phi(c) = 0.65

Layout: Rectangular
Pattern: All Sides Equal (Cover to transverse reinforcement)
Total steel area: As = 6.32 in^2 at rho = 1.10%
Minimum clear spacing = 8.63 in

8 #8 Cover = 1.5 in

Service Loads:
==============
Load Axial Load Mx @ Top Mx @ Bot My @ Top My @ Bot
No. Case kip k-ft k-ft k-ft k-ft
--- ---- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
1 Dead 1087.60 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 0.00
Live 134.50 -15.60 -7.80 0.00 0.00
Wind -0.30 43.50 205.00 0.00 0.00
EQ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Snow 17.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Sustained Load Factors:

=======================
Load Factor
Case (%)
---- ------------
Dead 100
Live 0
Wind 0
EQ 0
Snow 0

Load Combinations:
==================
U1 = 1.200*Dead + 0.500*Live + 1.600*Wind + 0.000*EarthQuake + 0.500*Snow

Slenderness:
============
Sway Criteria:
--------------
X-axis: Sway column. SumPc = 24.75 * Pc SumPu = 16.37 * Pu
Second-order effects along length considered
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Height Width Depth I f'c Ec

Column Axis ft in in in^4 ksi ksi
------ ---- -------- ---------- ---------- ------------ -------- ------------
Design X 13.33 24 24 27648 6 4415.21
Above X (no column specified...)
Below X (no column specified...)

X-Beams Length Width Depth I f'c Ec

Location ft in in in^4 ksi ksi
----------- -------- ---------- ---------- ------------ -------- ------------
Above Left (no beam specified...)
Above Right (no beam specified...)
Below Left (no beam specified...)
Below Right (no beam specified...)

Effective Length Factors:

-------------------------
Axis Psi(top) Psi(bot) k(Nonsway) k(Sway) klu/r
---- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
X 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.820 42.02

Moment Magnification Factors:

=============================
Stiffness reduction factor, phi(K) = 0.75
Cracked-section coefficients: cI(beams) = 0.35; cI(columns) = 0.7

0.2*Ec*Ig + Es*Ise (X-axis) = 3.71e+007 kip-in^2

X-axis ------------------- At Ends ------------------ ------------------ Along Length -----------------

Ld/Comb SumPu(kip) Pc(kip) SumPc(kip) Betads Deltas Pu(kip) k'lu/r Pc(kip) Betad Cm Delta
------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ------ ------
1 U1 22599.44 4325.92 107066.45 0.000 1.392 1380.54 (N/A) 7365.78 0.945 0.523 1.000

Factored Moments due to First-Order and Second-Order Effects:

=============================================================
Minimum eccentricity, Ex,min = 1.32 in

NOTE: Each loading combination includes the following cases:

First line - at column top
Second line - at column bottom
X-axis -------------- 1st Order ------------- --------- 2nd Order -------- - Ratio -
Load Mns Ms Mu Mmin Mi Mc 2nd/1st
Combo k-ft k-ft k-ft k-ft k-ft k-ft
------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ --------------- ------------ ---------
1 U1 -10.20 69.60 59.40 151.86 M1= 86.66 151.86 1.000
5.10 -328.00 -322.90 -151.86 M2= -451.37 -451.37 1.398

Factored Loads and Moments with Corresponding Capacities:

=========================================================
NOTE: Each loading combination includes the following cases:
First line - at column top
Second line - at column bottom
Load Pu Mux PhiMnx PhiMn/Mu NA depth Dt depth eps_t Phi
No. Combo kip k-ft k-ft in in
--- ------ ------------ ------------ ------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- ------
1 1 U1 1380.54 151.86 496.87 3.272 21.20 21.63 0.00006 0.650
2 1380.54 -451.37 -496.87 1.101 21.20 21.63 0.00006 0.650

*** End of output ***

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C:\Users\mdeger\Documents\spColumn v4.60 - ACI 318-08 Cl 10.10.2.2 Im...\CASE A-Control Points.col 01:57 PM

General Information:
====================
File Name: C:\Users\mdeger\Documents\spColumn v4.60 - ACI 318-08 Cl 10....\CASE A-Control Points.col
Project: PCA Notes 08 Ex 11.2-L Combo 6
Column: C2 Engineer: SP
Code: ACI 318-08 Units: English

Run Option: Investigation Slenderness: Not considered

Run Axis: X-axis Column Type: Structural

Material Properties:
====================
f'c = 6 ksi fy = 60 ksi
Ec = 4415.21 ksi Es = 29000 ksi
Ultimate strain = 0.003 in/in
Beta1 = 0.75

Section:
========
Rectangular: Width = 24 in Depth = 24 in

Gross section area, Ag = 576 in^2

Ix = 27648 in^4 Iy = 27648 in^4
rx = 6.9282 in ry = 6.9282 in
Xo = 0 in Yo = 0 in

Reinforcement:
==============
Bar Set: ASTM A615
Size Diam (in) Area (in^2) Size Diam (in) Area (in^2) Size Diam (in) Area (in^2)
---- --------- ----------- ---- --------- ----------- ---- --------- -----------
# 3 0.38 0.11 # 4 0.50 0.20 # 5 0.63 0.31
# 6 0.75 0.44 # 7 0.88 0.60 # 8 1.00 0.79
# 9 1.13 1.00 # 10 1.27 1.27 # 11 1.41 1.56
# 14 1.69 2.25 # 18 2.26 4.00

Confinement: Tied; #3 ties with #11 bars, #4 with larger bars.

phi(a) = 0.8, phi(b) = 0.9, phi(c) = 0.65

Layout: Rectangular
Pattern: All Sides Equal (Cover to transverse reinforcement)
Total steel area: As = 6.32 in^2 at rho = 1.10%
Minimum clear spacing = 8.63 in

8 #8 Cover = 1.5 in

Control Points:
===============
Axial Load P X-Moment Y-Moment NA depth Dt depth eps_t Phi
Bending about kip k-ft k-ft in in
--------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ -------- -------- -------- ------
X @ Max compression 2135.0 0.00 0.00 69.68 21.63 -0.00207 0.650
@ Allowable comp. 1708.0 336.54 -0.00 26.10 21.63 -0.00051 0.650
@ fs = 0.0 1409.5 486.20 0.00 21.63 21.63 0.00000 0.650
@ fs = 0.5*fy 1015.3 582.25 0.00 16.08 21.63 0.00103 0.650
@ Balanced point 761.4 600.22 0.00 12.80 21.63 0.00207 0.650
@ Tension control 599.8 696.78 0.00 8.11 21.63 0.00500 0.900
@ Pure bending -0.0 298.42 0.00 2.48 21.63 0.02312 0.900
@ Max tension -341.3 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 21.63 9.99999 0.900

-X @ Max compression 2135.0 -0.00 -0.00 69.68 21.63 -0.00207 0.650

@ Allowable comp. 1708.0 -336.54 -0.00 26.10 21.63 -0.00051 0.650
@ fs = 0.0 1409.5 -486.20 -0.00 21.63 21.63 0.00000 0.650
@ fs = 0.5*fy 1015.3 -582.25 0.00 16.08 21.63 0.00103 0.650
@ Balanced point 761.4 -600.22 0.00 12.80 21.63 0.00207 0.650
@ Tension control 599.8 -696.78 0.00 8.11 21.63 0.00500 0.900
@ Pure bending -0.0 -298.42 -0.00 2.48 21.63 0.02312 0.900
@ Max tension -341.3 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 21.63 9.99999 0.900

*** End of output ***